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  • Articles  (2,668)
  • Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)  (2,668)
  • Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering  (2,668)
  • 1
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    IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science publication information (2015)
    Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
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    Publication Date: 2015-08-18
    Print ISSN: 0018-9499
    Electronic ISSN: 1558-1578
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Physics
    Published by Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
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  • 2
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    NSTX-U Advances in Real-Time C++11 on Linux (2015)
    Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
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    Publication Date: 2015-08-18
    Description: Programming languages like C and Ada combined with proprietary embedded operating systems have dominated the real-time application space for decades. The new C++11 standard includes native, language-level support for concurrency, a required feature for any nontrivial event-oriented real-time software. Threads, Locks, and Atomics now exist to provide the necessary tools to build the structures that make up the foundation of a complex real-time system. The National Spherical Torus Experiment Upgrade (NSTX-U) at the Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory (PPPL) is breaking new ground with the language as applied to the needs of fusion devices. A new Digital Coil Protection System (DCPS) will serve as the main protection mechanism for the magnetic coils, and it is written entirely in C++11 running on Concurrent Computer Corporation’s real-time operating system, RedHawk Linux. It runs over 600 algorithms in a 5 kHz control loop that determine whether or not to shut down operations before physical damage occurs. To accomplish this, NSTX-U engineers developed software tools that do not currently exist elsewhere, including real-time atomic synchronization, real-time containers, and a real-time logging framework. Together with a recent (and carefully configured) version of the GCC compiler, these tools enable data acquisition, processing, and output using a conventional operating system to meet a hard real-time deadline (that is, missing one periodic is a failure) of 200 microseconds.
    Print ISSN: 0018-9499
    Electronic ISSN: 1558-1578
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Physics
    Published by Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
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  • 3
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    Quantification of the Conditioning Phase in Cooled Pixelated TlBr Detectors (2015)
    Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
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    Publication Date: 2015-08-18
    Description: Thallium-bromide (TlBr) is currently under investigation as an alternative room-temperature semiconductor gamma-ray spectrometer due to its favorable material properties (large bandgap, high atomic numbers, and high density). Previous work has shown that 5 mm thick pixelated TlBr detectors can achieve sub-1% FWHM energy resolution at 662 keV for single-pixel events. These results are limited to $ - 20{^ circ }{rm C}$ operation where detector performance is stable. During the first one to five days of applied bias at $ - 20{^ circ }{rm C}$ , many TlBr detectors undergo a conditioning phase, where the energy resolution improves and the depth-dependent electron drift velocity stabilizes. In this work, the spectroscopic performance, drift velocity, and freed electron concentrations of multiple 5 mm thick pixelated TlBr detectors are monitored throughout the conditioning phase. Additionally, conditioning is performed twice on the same detector at different times to show that improvement mechanisms relax when the detector is stored without bias. We conclude that the improved spectroscopy results from internal electric field stabilization and uniformity caused by fewer trapped electrons.
    Print ISSN: 0018-9499
    Electronic ISSN: 1558-1578
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Physics
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  • 4
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    Characterization of Silicon Photomultipliers for nEXO (2015)
    Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
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    Publication Date: 2015-08-18
    Description: Silicon Photomultipliers (SiPMs) are attractive candidates for light detectors for next generation liquid xenon double-beta decay experiments, like nEXO (next Enriched Xenon Observatory). In this paper we discuss the requirements that the SiPMs must satisfy in order to be suitable for nEXO and similar experiments, describe the two test setups operated by the nEXO collaboration, and present the results of characterization of SiPMs from several vendors. In particular, we find that the photon detection efficiency at the peak of xenon scintillation light emission (175-178 nm) approaches the nEXO requirements for tested FBK and Hamamatsu devices. Additionally, the nEXO collaboration performed radio-assay of several grams of bare FBK devices using neutron activation analysis, indicating levels of $^{40}{rm K}$ , $^{232}{rm Th}$ , and $^{238}{rm U}$ of the order of $ 〈 0.15$ , ( $ 6.9cdot 10^{ - 4} - 1.3 cdot 10^{ - 2}$ ), and $ 〈 0.11 ~hbox{mBq}/hbox{kg}$ , respectively.
    Print ISSN: 0018-9499
    Electronic ISSN: 1558-1578
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Physics
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  • 5
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    Estimation of Minimum DNBR Using Cascaded Fuzzy Neural Networks (2015)
    Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
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    Publication Date: 2015-08-18
    Description: It is very important for plant operators to be informed of the departure from nucleate boiling ratio (DNBR) to prevent the fuel cladding from melting and a boiling crisis in a nuclear reactor. The reactor core monitoring and protection systems require a minimum DNBR value to monitor reactor coolant conditions. In this study, in order to estimate the minimum DNBR value, a cascaded fuzzy neural network (CFNN) method was used. The CFNN model can be used to estimate the minimum DNBR value through the process of adding fuzzy neural networks (FNNs) repeatedly. The proposed DNBR estimation algorithm was verified by applying the nuclear and thermal data acquired from many numerical simulations of the optimized power reactor 1000 (OPR1000). The CFNN model was compared to previously developed models and was found to be superior to them. Therefore, this model can be used to effectively monitor and predict the minimum DNBR in the reactor core.
    Print ISSN: 0018-9499
    Electronic ISSN: 1558-1578
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Physics
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  • 6
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    IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science information for authors (2015)
    Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
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    Publication Date: 2015-08-18
    Print ISSN: 0018-9499
    Electronic ISSN: 1558-1578
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Physics
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  • 7
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    IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy (2015)
    Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
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    Publication Date: 2015-09-18
    Description: Provides a listing of the editors, board members, and current staff for this issue of the publication.
    Print ISSN: 1949-3029
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Published by Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
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  • 8
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    Analysis of a Wave Front Parallel WEC Prototype (2015)
    Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
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    Publication Date: 2015-09-18
    Description: Nowadays, clean renewable energy extraction solutions are becoming a crucial practice in society. Many different sources are being developed including ocean energy and in specific, ocean waves. In deep water conditions, ocean waves can become very power dense, continuous, and forecastable. Wave height, velocity, and frequency are all variable wave characteristics making it challenging to capture wave power economically. The RTI F2 is a promising wave energy conversion device that is currently under research. Its method of power capture is a buoyant vessel oriented normal to oncoming waves. This paper discusses known control methods implemented on the RTI F2, the experimental setup used for control of the device, and wave tank testing done at the University of New Hampshire's Chase Laboratory. Experimental data was obtained across various wave conditions, plate angles, vessel weights, and control strategies. The results of these tests are presented in the subject matter.
    Print ISSN: 1949-3029
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
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  • 9
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    Expanding Existing Solar Irradiance Monitoring Network Using Entropy (2015)
    Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
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    Publication Date: 2015-09-18
    Description: Many existing solar irradiance monitoring networks were built particularly for resource assessment purposes; they are often spatially sparse. In order for the networks to handle other increasingly important tasks, such as irradiance forecasting for grid integration, their spatial sparsity must be addressed by adding in new monitoring stations. Optimally expanding these networks using historical information thus becomes an important research topic for engineers. Variability of solar irradiance in space and time can be quantified using statistics such as entropy and covariance. The deployment of the additional monitoring stations should, therefore, utilize these statistics to reduce the variability. More specifically, we aim at maximizing the entropy of the network. A practical difficulty in statistical modeling of solar irradiance is that the data are not ideal. Properties such as stationarity and isotropy are not observed in irradiance random field. We, therefore, focus on hypothesis testing and transformation of the irradiance data, so that the design procedure is statistically justified. We propose the redesign framework in a solar engineering context, using data from 24 irradiance monitoring stations on a tropical island. In the case study, we demonstrate how to find three optimal stations from a pool of 100 potential future monitoring sites.
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    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
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  • 10
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    Multistep Wind Power Forecast Using Mean Trend Detector and Mathematical Morphology-Based Local Predictor (2015)
    Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
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    Publication Date: 2015-09-18
    Description: This paper proposes a novel forecasting model based on a mean trend detector (MTD) and a mathematical morphology-based local predictor (MMLP) to undertake short-term forecast of wind power generation. In the proposed MTD/MMLP model, the nonstationary time series describing wind power generation is first decomposed by the MTD, which employs some new notions and conventional morphological operators. The decomposition yields two componentsthe mean trend, which reveals the tendency of the time series, and the stochastic component, which depicts the fluctuations caused by high frequency of the variability. Subsequently, the $p$ -step forecast is conducted for these two components separately. The mean trend is forecasted on the basis of the least-square support vector machine (LS-SVM) model, while the $p$ -step forecast for the stochastic component is carried out by the MMLP, which involves performing morphological operations employing a novel structuring element (SE) in the phase space. Finally, the forecast of wind power generation is achieved by combining the separate forecasts of two components. In order to evaluate the accuracy and stability of the MTD/MMLP model, simulation studies are carried out using the data obtained from three widely used databases sampled in different periods. The results demonstrate that the MTD/MMLP model provides a more accurate and stable forecast compared to the traditional methods.
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    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
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