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  • Hindawi  (52,862)
  • 2010-2014  (52,862)
  • 1930-1934
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: © The Author(s), 2012. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks 2012 (2012): 191235, doi:10.1155/2012/191235.
    Description: In recent years, there has been significant concern about the impacts of offshore oil spill plumes and harmful algal blooms on the coastal ocean environment and biology, as well as on the human populations adjacent to these coastal regions. Thus, it has become increasingly important to determine the 3D extent of these ocean features (“plumes”) and how they evolve over time. The ocean environment is largely inaccessible to sensing directly by humans, motivating the need for robots to intelligently sense the ocean for us. In this paper, we propose the use of an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) network to track and predict plume shape and motion, discussing solutions to the challenges of spatiotemporal data aliasing (coverage versus resolution), underwater communication, AUV autonomy, data fusion, and coordination of multiple AUVs. A plume simulation is also developed here as the first step toward implementing behaviors for autonomous, adaptive plume tracking with AUVs, modeling a plume as a sum of Fourier orders and examining the resulting errors. This is then extended to include plume forecasting based on time variations, and future improvements and implementation are discussed.
    Description: This research was made with Government support under and awarded by DoD, Air Force Office of Scientific Research, National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate (NDSEG) Fellowship, 32 CFR 168a.
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2020-03-05
    Description: In this paper we present one year of meteorological and flux measurements obtained near Ny-Ålesund, Spitsbergen. Fluxes are derived by the eddy covariance method and by a hydrodynamic model approach (HMA) as well. Both methods are compared and analyzed with respect to season and mean wind direction. Concerning the wind field we find a clear distinction between 3 prevailing regimes (which have influence on the flux behavior) mainly caused by the topography at the measurement site. Concerning the fluxes we find a good agreement between the HMA and the eddy covariance method in cases of turbulent mixing in summer but deviations at stable conditions, when the HMA almost always shows negative fluxes. Part of the deviation is based on a dependence of HMA fluxes on friction velocity and the influence of the molecular boundary layer. Moreover, the flagging system of the eddy covariance software package TK3 is briefly revised. A new quality criterion for the use of fluxes obtained by the eddy covariance method, which is based on integral turbulence characteristics, is proposed.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 3
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    Hindawi
    In:  ISRN Meteorology, 2012 (ID 296575). pp. 1-10.
    Publication Date: 2017-05-31
    Description: Drop size spectra were measured by using an optical disdrometer of type ODM 470 at 2 different locations. They were subdivided in four data sets: measurements over land, in 3 coastal areas, over semi-enclosed seas, and over the open sea. Based on 1 minute 4 measurement intervals no differences were found in drop size spectra between continental and 5 maritime areas. An exponential model with a rain rate depending interception number and 6 pre-factor in the exponent fits well the spectra, maximum drop sizes depend strongly on 7 estimated rain rates. In contrast to other investigations there are no significant differences 8 between spectra of convective and stratiform rain based on 1 minute measurement intervals. 9 However, spectra integrated over 10 minutes show the expected differences.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2014-12-31
    Description: we analyze the geometrical structures of statistical manifold S consisting of all the wrapped Cauchy distributions. We prove that S is a simply connected manifold with constant negative curvature . However, it is not isometric to the hyperbolic space because S is noncomplete. In fact, S is approved to be a cohomogeneity one manifold. Finally, we use several tricks to get the geodesics and explore the divergence performance of them by investigating the Jacobi vector field.
    Print ISSN: 1687-9120
    Electronic ISSN: 1687-9139
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Published by Hindawi
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2014-12-31
    Description: We have assumed FRW model of the universe in Einstein-Aether gravity filled with dark matter and modified Chaplygin gas (MCG) type dark energy. We present the Hubble parameter in terms of some unknown parameters and observational parameters with the redshift z. From observed Hubble data (OHD) set (12 points), we have obtained the bounds of the arbitrary parameters of MCG by minimizing the test. Next due to joint analysis of BAO and CMB observations, we have also obtained the best fit values and the bounds of the parameters by fixing some other parameters. We have also taken type Ia supernovae data set (union 2 data set with 557 data points). Next due to joint analysis with SNe, we have obtained the best fit values of parameters. The best fit values and bounds of the parameters are obtained by 66%, 90%, and 99% confidence levels for OHD, OHD + BAO, OHD + BAO + CMB, and OHD + BAO + CMB + SNe joint analysis. The distance modulus against redshift z for our theoretical MCG model in Einstein-Aether gravity has been tested for the best fit values of the parameters and the observed SNe Ia union2 data sample.
    Print ISSN: 1687-7357
    Electronic ISSN: 1687-7365
    Topics: Physics
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2014-12-31
    Description: Artemisia judaica L. is a medicinal plant that is traditionally used to relieve abdominal pains through its carminative activity. In this study, spectroscopic analysis was employed to investigate the carminative activity associated with A. judaica. Using infrared spectroscopy, the carminative activity was evaluated based on the first derivative of IR-characteristic stretching signal of CO2. Our results indicate that A. judaica oil effectively reduced the response of CO2 signal equivalent to thymol standard. Additionally, 1H-NMR spectroscopy was utilized to assess surface activity of A. judaica crude oil through the reduction of interfacial tension in a D2O/CDCl3 system. Apparently, 10 mg of the oil was able to solubilize water in a chloroform layer up to 4.3% (w/w). In order to correlate the observed surface activity of the oil to its actual composition, GC-MS and GC-FID structural analysis were undertaken. The results revealed that the oil composition consists of oxygenated terpenes which might be responsible for the carminative effect. Furthermore, owing to its sensitivity, our model provides a fundamental basis for the pharmacological assessment of trace amounts of oils with high precision and accuracy.
    Print ISSN: 1687-8760
    Electronic ISSN: 1687-8779
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2014-12-31
    Description: Surfactants are self-assembled compounds that depend on their structure and electric charge can interact as monomer or micelle with other compounds (substrates). These interactions which may catalyze or inhibit the reaction rates are studied with pseudophase, cooperativity, and stoichiometric (classical) models. In this review, we discuss applying these models to study surfactant-substrate interactions and their effects on Diels-Alder, redox, photochemical, decomposition, enzymatic, isomerization, ligand exchange, radical, and nucleophilic reactions.
    Print ISSN: 2090-9063
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2014-12-31
    Description: 1-(1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-2-(phenylsulfonyl)ethylidene)-2-phenylhydrazine (13) was designed and synthesized as potential nonazole anticandidal agent and precisely characterized by IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and ESI-MS. The anti-Candida activity of 13 was evaluated against four Candida species (C. albicans, C. krusei, C. parapsilosis, and C. glabrata). Compound 13 displayed good anticandidal activities (, 0.195, 0.39, and 1.56 μmol/mL, resp.) in comparison with that of the standard drug fluconazole (, inactive, 1.56, and 1.56 μmol/mL, resp.) against C. albicans, C. krusei, C. parapsilosis, and C. glabrata, respectively. A molecular modeling of the newly synthesized compound 13 was built in order to investigate its mode of action towards the prospective target cytochrome P450-dependent enzyme lanosterol 14α-demethylase (PDB-code: 1EA1). The docking results showed a similar binding interaction of 13 and fluconazole at the active site of CYT P450 14α-sterol demethylase. Furthermore, compound 13 showed no cytotoxicity against normal human breast cell line MCF10A.
    Print ISSN: 2090-9063
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2014-12-31
    Description: In radar servo system, the load is usually subject to movement and gust, which may cause instability of the system. In this paper, the online identification methods of load rotary inertia and torque in radar servo system are proposed, respectively. The radar servo system is based on synchronous motor. The load rotary inertia of the system is identified online by a disturbance observer. Moreover, a reduced order Luenberger observer is designed to observe the variation of the load torque and velocity online. The simulation models are established to verify the proposed disturbance observer for the load rotary inertia and the reduced order Luenberger observer for the load torque and velocity.
    Print ISSN: 1024-123X
    Electronic ISSN: 1563-5147
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2014-12-31
    Description: Low-rank matrix recovery (LRMR) has been becoming an increasingly popular technique for analyzing data with missing entries, gross corruptions, and outliers. As a significant component of LRMR, the model of low-rank representation (LRR) seeks the lowest-rank representation among all samples and it is robust for recovering subspace structures. This paper attempts to solve the problem of LRR with partially observed entries. Firstly, we construct a nonconvex minimization by taking the low rankness, robustness, and incompletion into consideration. Then we employ the technique of augmented Lagrange multipliers to solve the proposed program. Finally, experimental results on synthetic and real-world datasets validate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method.
    Print ISSN: 1024-123X
    Electronic ISSN: 1563-5147
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
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