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  • Geographisches Institut der Universität zu Köln - Kölner Geographische Arbeiten  (26)
  • 1
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    Geographisches Institut der Universität zu Köln - Kölner Geographische Arbeiten
    Publication Date: 2022-01-12
    Description: Abstract
    Description: This paper provides an overview of the range of techniques available for integration of heterogeneous data. These range from the wrapper-mediator architecture for integration of structured and semistructured databases: semantic mediation, which involves mapping schema elements and data values to ontologies: to ad hoc, vertical data integration where the user is in the loop of the integration. Every integration technique requires an expert in the loop—at different points in time and at different places in the system, depending on the integration technique employed. Future directions include provision of provenance and social networking information corresponding to the integrated data result.
    Description: SeriesInformation
    Description: Proceedings of the Data Management Workshop, 29-30 October 2009, University of Cologne, Germany, Kölner Geographische Arbeiten, 90, pp. 1-6
    Keywords: Other ; None ; Data Integration ; Data Management ; Heterogeneous ; Data Portal
    Type: Text , Book Section
    Format: 624 Kilobytes
    Format: 6 Pages
    Format: PDF
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  • 2
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    Geographisches Institut der Universität zu Köln - Kölner Geographische Arbeiten
    Publication Date: 2022-01-12
    Description: Abstract
    Description: The availability and the appropriate use of accurate and widespread observational information are of paramount importance in order to increase the accuracy of weather forecasts. Data assimilation techniques provide a framework to find the best initial state that is consistent with all available information about the state of the system, here considered to be the Earth’s atmosphere. In this paper, a brief introduction to both variational and ensemble based data assimilation is provided, with a focus on the main characteristics of satellite data assimilation and some of its current issues.
    Description: SeriesInformation
    Description: Proceedings on the Workshop of Remote Sensing Methods for Change Detection and Process Modelling, 18-19 November 2010, University of Cologne, Germany, Kölner Geographische Arbeiten, 92, pp. 93-99
    Keywords: Other ; None ; Data Assimilation ; Numerical Weather Prediction ; Remote Sensing
    Type: Text , Book Section
    Format: 1906 Kilobytes
    Format: 7 Pages
    Format: PDF
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  • 3
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    Geographisches Institut der Universität zu Köln - Kölner Geographische Arbeiten
    Publication Date: 2022-01-12
    Description: Abstract
    Description: Measurement errors in orthorectified images are very important when it comes to checking the subsidies claims made by European farmers. The Control with a Remote Sensing (CwRS) Programme, managed by the GeoCAP and CID actions of the Monitoring Agricultural Resources Unit of the EC Joint Research Centre (JRC), requires the establishment of guidelines to be applied by Member States when using remotely sensed images to verify farmers’ claims under the EU Common Agriculture Policy (CAP) subsidies. The area of land parcels used for farming are verified based on very fine spatial resolution (VHR) orthoimages that must meet specific geometric and visual qualities. As such, all VHR orthoimages used within this context must meet or exceed the EU standard as reported in Kapnias et al. (2008), based on external quality control (EQC). EQC is based on the root mean square error (RMSE) between the true geographic position and the image position of the independent check points (ICPs). The ICPs are points not included in the sensor model parameter estimation process and are derived from an independent source, preferably of higher accuracy. This report presents the applied EQC methodology and the geometric quality results recorded for the four samples of the KOMPSAT-2 (K2) radiometrically corrected images (processing level 1R), acquired over the JRC Maussane Test Site. The key issues identified during the testing based on the limited KOMPSAT-2 sample images that were made available to us are as follows: (a) The 1D RMS errors measured on the final K2 orthoimage after the single scene correction applying either the PCI rigorous model, the PCI RPC-based or the ERDAS RPC-based model are not sensitive to the number of GCPs used if they are well-distributed and range between 9 and 15 (provided a DTM with 0.6 m vertical accuracy), and they are sensitive to the overall off-nadir angle and increase with increasing off-nadir angle, (b) The average 1D RMSE are 2.1 m and 4 m, while the maximum 1D RMSE values are 3.2 m and 6.2 m of easting and northing direction respectively, provided that a DTM with 0.6 m vertical accuracy and GCPs with mean RMSE-X (in X direction) and RMSE-Y (in Y direction) values of 0.6 m are used, and (c) The orthorectified KOMPSAT-2 images do not fall within the accuracy criteria of the CwRS 1:10000 scale requirements, i.e. an absolute 1D RMSE not exceeding 2.5 m, except where the images are characterized by an overall off-nadir angle close to zero degrees, and the rigorous model or first order Rational Polynomial sensor model is applied.
    Description: SeriesInformation
    Description: Proceedings on the Workshop of Remote Sensing Methods for Change Detection and Process Modelling, 18-19 November 2010, University of Cologne, Germany, Kölner Geographische Arbeiten, 92, pp. 109-115
    Keywords: Other ; None ; Remote Sensing Methods ; Remote Sensing
    Type: Text , Book Section
    Format: 1127 Kilobytes
    Format: 7 Pages
    Format: PDF
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  • 4
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    Geographisches Institut der Universität zu Köln - Kölner Geographische Arbeiten
    Publication Date: 2022-01-12
    Description: Abstract
    Description: The study aimed at providing a better understanding for monitoring the status, change and threats to UNESCO world heritage areas that are present in the tropical forest. Three change detection techniques were tested using Landsat images for detecting areas of change in the region of the Rio Platino Biosphere Reserve, a tropical rain forest in Honduras. The change detection techniques considered were image differencing, post-classification analysis using supervised classification and vegetation index differencing (NDVI differencing). Two Landsat scenes recorded in January 1986 and December 2002 were downloaded from USGS. Images were geometrically and radiometrically corrected and the three change detection techniques were tested. Change maps obtained from each technique were visually interpreted. In order to determine the accuracy of each change map, random points were generated using systematic sampling. For each random point, change/no change was separately evaluated by using high resolution data (Google Earth data) and a confusion matrix method. Image differencing for band 2 was found to be the most accurate one, followed by supervised classification and NDVI. Image differencing using band 3 was found to be less accurate than supervised and NDVI differencing. Supervised classification was selected for calculating area statistics inside and outside the UNESCO protected boundary because of the advantage of indicating the nature of changes. The study revealed two important changes in clear-cut areas and in regrowth areas. Clear-cutting has been found to be more frequent outside than inside the protected boundary of the forested UNESCO World Heritage Site.
    Description: SeriesInformation
    Description: Proceedings on the Workshop of Remote Sensing Methods for Change Detection and Process Modelling, 18-19 November 2010, University of Cologne, Germany, Kölner Geographische Arbeiten, 92, pp. 71-78
    Keywords: Other ; None ; Landsat ; Classification ; NDVI ; Remote Sensing
    Type: Text , Book Section
    Format: 677 Kilobytes
    Format: 8 Pages
    Format: PDF
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  • 5
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    Geographisches Institut der Universität zu Köln - Kölner Geographische Arbeiten
    Publication Date: 2022-01-12
    Description: Abstract
    Description: Prehistoric archaeology is an object-oriented discipline. Archaeological objects like stone tools, bone tools or pieces of mobile art embed human behaviour. A central task of prehistoric research is to decode this information in order to reconstruct ancient human behaviour. This premise affords a defined set of tools for analysis and documentation to describe and evaluate particularly the shape of the object and its surface modifications manufactured by humans. Basis for all types of analysis is therefore a precise visual description of the object. This documentation forms part of the scientific process and should follow a generally accepted convention. Only when these rules are respected, a standardised and reproducible recognition of the object becomes possible.
    Description: SeriesInformation
    Description: Proceedings on the Workshop of Remote Sensing Methods for Change Detection and Process Modelling, 18-19 November 2010, University of Cologne, Germany, Kölner Geographische Arbeiten, 92, pp. 117-120
    Keywords: Other ; None ; Surface ; Remote Sensing
    Type: Text , Book Section
    Format: 3909 Kilobytes
    Format: 4 Pages
    Format: PDF
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2022-01-12
    Description: Abstract
    Description: Caves and rock shelters are important archives for archaeological research. Prehistoric men not only sheltered in caves but also set up camps in open-air locations. Over the last 15 years a joint research group, comprising INSAP (Institut National des Sciences de l’Archéologie et du Patrimoine du Maroc), KAAK (Kommission für Archäologie Außereuropäischer Kulturen, German Archaeology Institute) and the University of Cologne, has been carrying out surveys and excavations in the area of the Eastern Rif (NE-Morocco). Huge parts of the vast working area are poorly accessible and it is now realised that the whole area can only be covered using a remote sensing approach.The aim of this project is to integrate high resolution topographical, visual and geological data in order to develop models so that site locations can be predicted. Information from remote sensing (satellite image) and Geographic Information System (GIS) is used to identify an area in which carstic caves can occur and caves featuring archaeological remains may be located. The intersection of geological and topographical maps with QuickBird satellite imagery can then be used to quantify different features of identified caves. Based on the partially existing fans of sediment in front of the carstic caves, potential locations of caves in the defined area could be discovered.
    Description: SeriesInformation
    Description: Proceedings on the Workshop of Remote Sensing Methods for Change Detection and Process Modelling, 18-19 November 2010, University of Cologne, Germany, Kölner Geographische Arbeiten, 92, pp. 121-129
    Keywords: Other ; None ; GIS ; Remote Sensing Methods ; Remote Sensing
    Type: Text , Book Section
    Format: 26396 Kilobytes
    Format: 9 Pages
    Format: PDF
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  • 7
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    Geographisches Institut der Universität zu Köln - Kölner Geographische Arbeiten
    Publication Date: 2022-01-12
    Description: Abstract
    Description: A typical situation in many developing countries is sparse data availability. Thus, many issues of applied research need to be tackled in spite of poor data disposability. We exemplify these issues in the coastal area of Benin in Western Africa by a time series using a grey scale aerial image (1995), QuickBird data (2002), and a colour aerial image (2007, scale 1:20000). Coastal regions are in general areas of high attraction worldwide. Due to migration and population growth, the coastal zone of Benin, like in other developing countries, encounters extreme land use pressure, causing conflicts of interest and fast changes. Especially settlement structures show high dynamics. In order to study these, dwellings need to be detected. The multitude of appearances of dwellings makes process analysis based on remotely sensed data a challenging – yet interesting – task. This paper shows how to analyse settlement processes in developing countries with heterogeneous remote sensing data sets, combining remote sensing with pattern recognition and GIS. At first, building detection was accomplished by manual digitization. In the next step, we made an initial attempt to develop automated methods for detecting dwellings. Both approaches for building detection were then followed by GIS-based process analysis. Finally, a comparison of both detection approaches based on quality assessments is presented and a thorough evaluation of the usability of automation is given.
    Description: SeriesInformation
    Description: Proceedings on the Workshop of Remote Sensing Methods for Change Detection and Process Modelling, 18-19 November 2010, University of Cologne, Germany, Kölner Geographische Arbeiten, 92, pp. 131-142
    Keywords: Other ; None ; Change Detection ; Remote Sensing ; Remote Sensing Methods
    Type: Text , Book Section
    Format: 1601 Kilobytes
    Format: 12 Pages
    Format: PDF
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  • 8
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    Geographisches Institut der Universität zu Köln - Kölner Geographische Arbeiten
    Publication Date: 2022-01-12
    Description: Abstract
    Description: Aiming to improve object fragmentation and poor detection results caused by discontinuous segmentation scales in object-level change detection, a new object-level change detection method based on multi-scale segmentation is presented in this paper. Firstly, a convexity model concept to describe target- background characteristics is proposed. This model is used to implement the convexity model-based multi-scale image segmentation, in order to overcome the shortcoming that traditional single-scale image segmentation can hardly synchronously extract the objects within different scales. And then, a change detection approach by analyzing structural characteristics of image objects is introduced, in order to detect the man-made object. Experiments show that the new method is robust and that it provides an advanced tool for quantitative change detection.
    Description: SeriesInformation
    Description: Proceedings on the Workshop of Remote Sensing Methods for Change Detection and Process Modelling, 18-19 November 2010, University of Cologne, Germany, Kölner Geographische Arbeiten, 92, pp. 143-150
    Keywords: Other ; None ; Change Detection ; Multi-Scale ; Structure Analysis ; Remote Sensing ; Remote Sensing Methods
    Type: Text , Book Section
    Format: 2019 Kilobytes
    Format: 8 Pages
    Format: PDF
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  • 9
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    Geographisches Institut der Universität zu Köln - Kölner Geographische Arbeiten
    Publication Date: 2022-01-12
    Description: Abstract
    Description: The trend to minimize electronic devices also accounts for sensing and sensor technologies. In combination with the developments in the construction of low-weight unmanned airborne vehicles (UAVs), this enabled in the last years a new research and application field of low-cost and low-weight UAVs carrying all kind of sensors such as multi-spectral, hyperspectral, laserscanning, microwave, and thermal imaging devices. In the same period, the demand for local high resolution data in a spatial, temporal, and spectral context increased exponentially for all kinds of applications. Low-cost and low-weight UAVs can exactly acquire such data. Hence, it is no surprise that the deployment of Mini-UAVs in the field of environmental monitoring, agriculture, facility management and many more is growing fast.
    Description: SeriesInformation
    Description: Proceedings on the Workshop of Remote Sensing Methods for Change Detection and Process Modelling, 18-19 November 2010, University of Cologne, Germany, Kölner Geographische Arbeiten, 92, pp. 1-8
    Keywords: Other ; None ; UAV ; Sensor ; Imaging ; Remote Sensing
    Type: Text , Book Section
    Format: 1324 Kilobytes
    Format: 8 Pages
    Format: PDF
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  • 10
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    Geographisches Institut der Universität zu Köln - Kölner Geographische Arbeiten
    Publication Date: 2022-01-12
    Description: Abstract
    Description: Terrestrial laser scanning provides highly accurate and dense 3D measurements of an object. This technology leads to several applications, for example in topographic surveys, forestry, and as-built documentation. Few developments exist in the area of agriculture and precision farming. In this contribution, multi-temporal 3D terrestrial laser scanning was applied for field crop modelling. The time-of-flight laser scanner Riegl LMS-Z420i was used three to five times per year to estimate plant height distribution of the field crops winter wheat, spring barley, and sugar beet. In 2008 and 2009, the area under investigation was a single field. As a further development, data from plots with different crop varieties of barley and sugar beet were analysed in 2010. As a result, within-field variability was detected by using crop surface models (CSM) and crop volume models (CVM). Single plants were successfully detected. The results will be compared with additional data in the future.
    Description: SeriesInformation
    Description: Proceedings on the Workshop of Remote Sensing Methods for Change Detection and Process Modelling, 18-19 November 2010, University of Cologne, Germany, Kölner Geographische Arbeiten, 92, pp. 25-30
    Keywords: Other ; None ; Agriculture ; Crop/s ; Terrestrial Laser Scanning ; Surface ; Remote Sensing
    Type: Text , Book Section
    Format: 11857 Kilobytes
    Format: 6 Pages
    Format: PDF
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