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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2021-08-04
    Description: Abstract
    Description: The ColLSMSA-KTH2019 gravimetric geoid model has been computed by the University of Gävle, the Lantmäteriet and the Royal Institute of Technology (KTH) in Sweden. The model has been worked out in the frame of the International Association of Geodesy Joint Working Group 2.2.2 "The 1 cm geoid experiment" and the so called "Colorado experiment". The area covered by the model is 251°E ≤ longitude ≤ 257°E, 36°N ≤ latitude ≤ 39°N with a grid spacing of 1' in both latitude and in longitude. The quasi-geoid is computed using a two-step procedure. First, the terrestrial and de-biased airborne gravity anomalies are gridded using a Remove-Compute-Restore technique and three-dimensional Least Squares Collocation (LSC) with spherical Tscherning and Rapp (1974) type of covariance functions. This step achieves downward continuation of the airborne gravity data and combination with the terrestrial observations. In the second step, the resulting surface gravity anomaly grid is used to compute height anomalies by using Least Squares Modification of Stokes’ formula with Additive corrections (LSMSA or KTH method). The GEOID17RefB global gravity model up to degree 2190 is used in the first gridding step, while the satellite-only GOCO05S model up to degree 240 is used in the second step. Finally, the classical formula by Heiskanen and Moritz (1967) is used for quasi-geoid to geoid conversion. The accuracy of the geoid model, when compared against GSVS17 GPS/leveling, is equal to 2.7 cm. The geoid model is provided in ISG format 2.0 (ISG Format Specifications), while the file in its original data format is available at the model ISG webpage.
    Description: Other
    Description: The International Service for the Geoid (ISG) was founded in 1992 (as International Geoid Service - IGeS) and it is now an official service of the International Association of Geodesy (IAG), under the umbrella of the International Gravity Field Service (IGFS). The main activities of ISG consist in collecting, analysing and redistributing local and regional geoid models, as well as organizing international schools on the geoid determination (Reguzzoni et al., 2021).
    Keywords: Geodesy ; Geoid model ; ISG ; Least Squares modification of Stokes integral with additive corrections ; Colorado experiment ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GEODETICS 〉 GEOID CHARACTERISTICS ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GRAVITY/GRAVITATIONAL FIELD 〉 GRAVITY
    Type: Dataset , Dataset
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2021-08-04
    Description: Abstract
    Description: The ColLSMSA-KTH2019 gravimetric quasi-geoid model has been computed by the University of Gävle, the Lantmäteriet and the Royal Institute of Technology (KTH) in Sweden. The model has been worked out in the frame of the International Association of Geodesy Joint Working Group 2.2.2 "The 1 cm geoid experiment" and the so called "Colorado experiment". The area covered by the model is 251°E ≤ longitude ≤ 257°E, 36°N ≤ latitude ≤ 39°N with a grid spacing of 1' in both latitude and in longitude. The quasi-geoid is computed using a two-step procedure. First, the terrestrial and de-biased airborne gravity anomalies are gridded using a Remove-Compute-Restore technique and three-dimensional Least Squares Collocation (LSC) with spherical Tscherning and Rapp (1974) type of covariance functions. This step achieves downward continuation of the airborne gravity data and combination with the terrestrial observations. In the second step, the resulting surface gravity anomaly grid is used to compute height anomalies by using Least Squares Modification of Stokes’ formula with Additive corrections (LSMSA or KTH method). The GEOID17RefB global gravity model up to degree 2190 is used in the first gridding step, while the satellite-only GOCO05S model up to degree 240 is used in the second step. The accuracy of the quasi-geoid model, when compared against GSVS17 GPS/leveling, is equal to 2.8 cm. The quasi-geoid model is provided in ISG format 2.0 (ISG Format Specifications), while the file in its original data format is available at the model ISG webpage.
    Description: Other
    Description: The International Service for the Geoid (ISG) was founded in 1992 (as International Geoid Service - IGeS) and it is now an official service of the International Association of Geodesy (IAG), under the umbrella of the International Gravity Field Service (IGFS). The main activities of ISG consist in collecting, analysing and redistributing local and regional geoid models, as well as organizing international schools on the geoid determination (Reguzzoni et al., 2021).
    Keywords: Geodesy ; Geoid model ; ISG ; Least Squares modification of Stokes integral with additive corrections ; Colorado experiment ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GEODETICS 〉 GEOID CHARACTERISTICS ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GRAVITY/GRAVITATIONAL FIELD 〉 GRAVITY
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2021-08-19
    Description: Abstract
    Description: High-resolution spherical harmonic representation of the Earth's topographic gravitational potential based on a three-layer decomposition of the topography with variable density values. Main features: - Three-layer decomposition of the topography using information of the new 1'x1' Earth2014 topography model - Rigorous separate modeling of rock, water, and ice masses with layer-specific density values: Rock: 2670 kg m-3, Water: 1030 kg m-3 (Ocean), 1000 kg m-3 (Inland), Ice: 917 kg m-3 - Ellipsoidal arrangement of the topography using the GRS80 ellipsoid + geoid undulations as height reference surface - Additional compilation of a consistent rock-equivalent version REQ_TOPO_2015 using condensed DTM-heights Processing: - Forward modelling in the space domain using tesseroid mass bodies - Transformation of global gridded values to the frequency domain by applying harmonic analysis up to degree and order 2190 Model versions: - Spherical harmonic coefficients of the RWI model are provided by two versions (GM = 3.986004415e+14 m3 s-2, a = 6378136.3 m): RWI_TOPO_2015 (topographic potential) REQ_TOPO_2015 (topogr. potential of rock-equivalent heights) - To allow the evaluation of the RWI model by synthesis software that by default subtracts the coefficients of a normal gravity field, two additional versions are available: RWI_TOPO_2015_plusGRS80 (RWI_TOPO_2015 + GRS80) REQ_TOPO_2015_plusGRS80 (REQ_TOPO_2015 + GRS80) where the following zonal harmonic coefficients of the GRS80 normal gravity field are added to the coefficients of the RWI model: C( 0,0) = 0.100000014676351e+01 C( 2,0) = -0.484167032228604e-03 C( 4,0) = 0.790304535833168e-06 C( 6,0) = -0.168725253450154e-08 C( 8,0) = 0.346053594536695e-11 C(10,0) = -0.265006548323563e-14 C(12,0) = -0.410788602320538e-16 C(14,0) = 0.447176931400485e-18 C(16,0) = -0.346362561442980e-20 Note that these coefficients are already rescaled to the above specified parameters GM and a of the RWI model. Details about the used Earth2014 topography model can be found in Hirt and Rexer (2015, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2015.03.001).
    Keywords: Gravity forward modeling ; Spherical harmonic model ; Topographic gravity field model ; Rock–Water–Ice (RWI) decomposition ; Topographic potential ; Topographic reduction ; Tesseroids ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 LAND SURFACE 〉 TOPOGRAPHY 〉 TOPOGRAPHIC EFFECTS ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GRAVITY/GRAVITATIONAL FIELD
    Type: Dataset , Dataset
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2021-08-18
    Description: Abstract
    Description: Tropical cyclones (TCs) pose a major risk to societies worldwide. While data on observed cyclones tracks (location of the center) and wind speeds is publicly available these data sets do not contain information on the spatial extent of the storm and people or assets exposed. Here, we provide a collection of tropical cyclone exposure data (TCE-DAT) derived with the help of spatially-explicit data on population densities and Gross Domestic Product (GDP), also available at http://doi.org/10.5880/pik.2017.007. Up to now, this collection contains:1) A global data set of tropical cyclone exposure accumulated to the country/event level http://doi.org/10.5880/pik.2017.0052) A global data set of spatially-explicit tropical cyclone exposure available for all TC events since 1950 http://doi.org/10.5880/pik.2017.008TCE-DAT is considered key information to 1) assess the contribution of climatological versus socioeconomic drivers of changes in exposure to tropical cyclones, 2) estimate changes in vulnerability from the difference in exposure and reported damages and calibrate associated damage functions, and 3) build improved exposure-based predictors to estimate higher-level societal impacts such as long-term effects on GDP, employment, or migration. We expect that the free availability of the underlying model and TCE-DAT will make research on tropical cyclone risks more accessible to non-experts and stakeholders.
    Keywords: climate risk modeling ; socio-economic exposure ; natural disasters
    Type: Dataset , Dataset
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2021-08-20
    Description: Abstract
    Description: These data are supplementary material to Pampel (2019) and present the results of a quantitative survey on Open Access among scientific institutions in Germany. Both the report and the data are available in German only. 701 German universities and research institutions were invited to take part in this survey. From September to November 2018, 403 academic institutions took part. Hence, it is the most comprehensive survey on Open Access practices to this day.The results provide an overview of the current state of policies on Open Access and of the status of Open Access infrastructures in Germany. In addition, the results enable a better understanding of today’s handling and monitoring of Open Access publication costs. Furthermore, the study describes the status of Open Access monitoring and reports on current transformation strategies to promote Open Access. The project was founded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) as part of the Project „Options4OA” and conducted by Heinz Pampel of the Helmholtz Open Science Coordination Office.The project was founded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) as part of the Project „Options4OA” and conducted by Heinz Pampel of the Helmholtz Open Science Coordination Office.Version history/ Corrigendum(5 Sep 2019) In version 1.0, incorrect percentages were given for questions for which multiple answers were possible. This error was corrected in version 2.0. The following questions were affected: 6, 7, 9, 11, 12, 13, 14, 16, 17, 19, 21, 24, 26, 29, 31, 34 and 38.
    Keywords: Scholarly Communication ; Open Access ; Repositories ; Academic Libraries ; EARTH SCIENCE SERVICES 〉 EDUCATION/OUTREACH ; policy 〉 scientific policy
    Type: Dataset , Dataset
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2021-08-27
    Description: Abstract
    Description: These data are supplementary material to “Bedrock Geology of DFDP-2B, Central Alpine Fault, New Zealand” (Toy et al., 2017, http://doi.org/10.1080/00288306.2017.1375533). The data tables SF3 and SF4 are provided as well as Excel as well as CSV and PDF versions (in the zip folder). The table numbers below are referring to Toy et al. (2017): Toy_SF1.pdf (Data Description): Supplementary Data to “Bedrock Geology of DFDP-2B, Central Alpine Fault, New Zealand”, including supplementary methods, Information on reference frames and corrections, and protocols for thin section preparation and scanning electron microscopic analyses. Toy_SF2: Table S1. Time vs. depth during drilling, with lag dip corrections Toy_SF3: Table S2. Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) data acquired using a TESCAN Integrated Mineral Analyzer (TIMA) and phases detected by mineral liberation analysis (MLA) Toy_SF4: Table S3. Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) grain sizes.
    Keywords: Alpine Fault ; New Zealand ; scientific drilling ; mylonite ; cataclasite ; energy dispersive spectroscopy ; TESCAN Integrated Mineral Analyzer ; mineral liberation analysis ; electron backscatter diffraction
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2021-08-13
    Description: Abstract
    Description: The survey-mode GPS (sGPS) network in the IPOC region consists of 91 geodetic markers. Over the last decade, the positions of these points in the network have been periodically measured, thus enabling us to quantify the decadal patterns of deformation processes. This temporal catalogue of coordinates complement the continuous GPS (cGPS) array. Meta-data and raw data in Rinex format for the surveys carried out in 2008, 2011, 2013, 2014, 2015, and 2016 are available for 91 sites in the north of Chile and the northwest of Argentina. Included in this temporal catalogue are observations made shortly after the 2014 Pisagua-Iquique earthquake. Detailed information about data availability, metadata and site descriptions can be found at: https://kg189/gnss/IPOCSGPS. More description about the Integrated Plate Boundary Observatory Chile (IPOC) can be found at the IPOC Website (www.ipoc-network.org) and on the sGPS Survey on www.ipoc-network.org/associated-projects/gps-campaigns/.
    Keywords: GPS ; Chile ; earthquakes ; subduction zone ; active deformation ; monitoring ; IPOC ; Integrated Plate Boundary Observatory Chile
    Language: English
    Type: Dataset
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2021-09-02
    Description: Abstract
    Description: The experimental gravity field model XGM2016 is an outcome of TUM's assessment of a 15'x15' data grid excerpt provided from NGA's updated and revised gravity data base. The assessment shall support NGA's efforts on the way on the way to the Earth Gravity Model EGM2020.
    Description: Other
    Description: XGM2016 is a combination model based on the satellite-only gravity field model GOCO05s and a global 15'x15' data grid provided from NGA's data base.
    Keywords: ICGEM ; global gravitational model ; GOCO ; Geodesy ; GOCE
    Language: English
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2021-09-02
    Description: Abstract
    Description: XGM2019e is a combined global gravity field model represented through spheroidal harmonics up to d/o 5399, corresponding to a spatial resolution of 2’ (~4 km). As data sources it includes the satellite model GOCO06s in the longer wavelength area combined with terrestrial measurements for the shorter wavelengths. The terrestrial data itself consists over land and ocean of gravity anomalies provided by courtesy of NGA (identical to XGM2016, having a resolution of 15’) augmented with topographically derived gravity over land (EARTH2014). Over the oceans, gravity anomalies derived from satellite altimetry are used (DTU13, in consistency with the NGA dataset).The combination of the satellite data with the terrestrial observations is performed by using full normal equations up to d/o 719 (15’). Beyond d/o 719, a block-diagonal least-squares solution is calculated for the high-resolution terrestrial data (from topography and altimetry). All calculations are performed in the spheroidal harmonic domain.In the spectral band up to d/o 719 the new model shows over land a slightly improved behavior over preceding models such as XGM2016, EIGEN6c4 or EGM2008 when comparing it to independent GPS leveling data. Over land and in the spectral range above d/o 719 the accuracy of XGM2019e suffers from the sole use of topographic forward modelling; Hence, errors are increased in well-surveyed areas compared to models containing real gravity data, e.g. EIGEN6c4 or EGM2008. However, the performance of XGM2019e can be considered as globally more homogeneous and independent from existing high resolution global models. Over the oceans the model exhibits an improved performance throughout the complete spectrum (equal or better than preceding models).
    Keywords: geodesy ; global gravity field model ; ICGEM ; GOCO ; GOCE ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GEODETICS 〉 GEOID CHARACTERISTICS ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GRAVITY/GRAVITATIONAL FIELD 〉 GRAVITY
    Language: English
    Type: Dataset , Dataset
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2021-09-02
    Description: Abstract
    Description: TIM_R6e is an extended version of the satellity-only global gravity field model TIM_R6 (Brockmann et al., 2019) which includes additional terrestrial gravity field observations over GOCE's polar gap areas. The included terrestrial information consists of the PolarGap campaign data (Forsberg et al., 2017) augumented by the AntGG gravity data compilation (Scheinert et al., 2016) over the southern polar gap (〉83°S) and the ArcGP data (Forsberg et al. 2007) over the northern polar gap (〉83°N). The combination is performed on normal equation level, encompassing the terrestrial data as spectrally limited geographic 0.5°x0.5° grids over the polar gaps.
    Description: TechnicalInfo
    Description: Processing procedures: (extending TIM_R6)Gravity from orbits (SST): (identical to TIM_R6)- short-arc integral method applied to kinematic orbits, up to degree/order 150- orbit variance information included as part of the stochastic model, it is refined by empirical covariance functionsGravity from gradients (SGG): (identical to TIM_R6)- parameterization up to degree/order 300- observations used: Vxx, Vyy, Vzz and Vxz in the Gradiometer Reference Frame (GRF)- realistic stochastic modelling by applying digital decorrelation filters to the observation equations; estimated separately for individual data segments applying a robust procedureGravity from terrestrial observations (TER):- collocation of the original terrestrial data sources onto 30'x30' geographic gravity disturbance grids (in the polar gap areas above 83° southern/northern latitude, thus forming a pair of polar caps)- spectral limitation of the data to D/O 300 within the collocation process- the chosen grid is fully compatible with the grid of the zero observation constraints of the original TIM_R6 model. In its function it replaces the original constraints- from the collocated polar caps, a partial normal equation system, up to D/O 300 is derivedCombined solution:- addition of normal equations (SST D/O 150, SGG D/O 300, TER D/O 300)- Constraints: * Kaula-regularization applied to coefficients of degrees/orders 201 - 300 (constrained towards zero, fully compatible with TIM_R6)- weighting of SST and SGG is identical to TIM_R6. All TER observations are weighted with 5 mGal.Specific features of resulting gravity field:- Gravity field solution is (mostly) independent of any other gravity field information (outside the polar gap region)- Constraint towards zero starting from degree/order 201 to improve signal-to-noise ratio- Related variance-covariance information represents very well the true errors of the coefficients (outside the polar gap region)- Solution can be used for independent comparison and combination on normal equation level with other satellite-only models (e.g. GRACE), terrestrial gravity data, and altimetry (outside the polar gap region)- Since in the low degrees the solution is based solely on GOCE orbits, it is not competitive with a GRACE model in this spectral region (outside the polar gap region)- In comparison to TIM_R6, TIM_R6e should deliver more accurate results, especially towards the polar gaps. However, as it uses additional data sources it cannot be seen as totally independent anymore: even outside the polar gap regions correlations (introduced by the holistic nature of spherical harmonics) may be found.
    Keywords: global gravitational model ; ICGEM ; GOCE ; PolarGap ; geodesy ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GEODETICS 〉 GEOID CHARACTERISTICS ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GRAVITY/GRAVITATIONAL FIELD 〉 GRAVITY
    Language: English
    Type: Dataset , Dataset
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  • 11
    Publication Date: 2021-09-02
    Description: Abstract
    Description: GOCO06s is a satellite-only, global gravity field model up to degree and order 300, with secular and annual variations up to degree and order 120. It was produced by the GOCO Team (Technical University of Munich, University of Bonn, Graz University of Technology, Austrian Academy of Sciences, University of Bern) and is based on 1,160,000,000 observations from 19 satellites. The contributing satellite mission are: GOCE (TIM6 gradiometer observations), GRACE (ITSG-Grace2018s), kinematic orbits from Swarm A+B+C, TerraSAR-X, TanDEM-X, CHAMP, GRACE and GOCE, and SLR observations to LAGEOS, LAGEOS 2, Starlette, Stella, AJISAI, LARES, LARETS, Etalon 1/2 and BLITS. The combination of the individual data sources is performed on the basis of the full systems of normal equations, where the relative weighting between each constituent is determined by variance component estimation. In order to account for the polar gap of GOCE, the solution is Kaula-regularized after degree and order 150.The model is available via the ICGEM Service (Ince et al., 2019)
    Description: TechnicalInfo
    Description: PARAMETERS:modelname GOCO06sproduct_type gravity_fieldearth_gravity_constant 3.9860044150e+14radius 6.3781363000e+06max_degree 300norm fully_normalizedtide_system zero_tideerrors formal
    Keywords: ICGEM ; global gravitational model ; GOCO ; GOCE ; GRACE ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GRAVITY/GRAVITATIONAL FIELD 〉 GRAVITATIONAL FIELD ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GEODETICS 〉 GEOID CHARACTERISTICS
    Type: Dataset
    Format: 4 Files
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  • 12
    Publication Date: 2021-08-31
    Description: Abstract
    Description: Version history: This datased is an updated version of Francke et al. (2017; http://doi.org/10.5880/fidgeo.2017.003) for a revised version of this discussion paper. It contains further data collected, some of which also resulted in the revision of previous data (e.g. updated rating curves).A comprehensive hydro-sedimentological dataset for the Isábena catchment, NE Spain, for the period 2010-2018 is presented to analyse water and sediment fluxes in a Mediterranean meso-scale catchment. The dataset includes rainfall data from twelve rain gauges distributed within the study area complemented by meteorological data of twelve official meteo-stations. It comprises discharge data derived from water stage measurements as well as suspended sediment concentrations (SSC) at six gauging stations of the Isábena river and its sub-catchments. Soil spectroscopic data from 351 suspended sediment samples and 152 soil samples were collected to characterize sediment source regions and sediment properties via fingerprinting analyses.The Isábena catchment (445 km²) is located in the Southern Central Pyrenees ranging from 450 m to 2,720 m in elevation, together with a pronounced topography this leads to distinct temperature and precipitation gradients. The Isábena river shows marked discharge variations and high sediment yields causing severe siltation problems in the downstream Barasona reservoir. Main sediment source are badland areas located on Eocene marls that are well connected to the river network. The dataset features a wide set of parameters in a high spatial and temporal resolution suitable for advanced process understanding of water and sediment fluxes, their origin and connectivity, sediment budgeting and for evaluating and further developing hydro-sedimentological models in Mediterranean meso-scale mountainous catchments.The data have been published with the CUAHSI Water Data Center and is structured according to its guidelines (.csv format). For more detailed information please read the user guide on cloud publications with the CUAHSI Water Dater Center or the ODM guide for uploading data using CUAHSI´s ODM uploader added to the folder CUAHSI_ODM-Guide.zip. The database can be found in the HISCENTRAL catalogue (http://hiscentral.cuahsi.org/pub_network.aspx?n=5622). It is directly accessible via the API (http://hydroportal.cuahsi.org/isabena/cuahsi_1_1.asmx?WSDL) or in zipped archives at this DOI Landing Page (http://doi.org/10.5880/fidgeo.2018.011). For more detailed information, please read the user guide on cloud publications with the CUAHSI Water Dater Center (UserGuide.pdf) or the ODM guide for uploading data using CUAHSI´s ODM uploader in the ODM_Guide.zip archive.The data are available in four thematic zip folders:(1) hydro (hydrological data): water stage (manual readings and automatically recorded), river discharge (meterings and converted from stage)(2) meta (metadata) with the description of the different datafiles relevant for this dataset according to the CUAHSI HIS Standards(3) meteo (meteorological data): rainfall, temperature, radiation, humidity(4) sediment (sedimentological data): turbidity, suspended sediment concentration (from samples and from turbidity), sediment and soil reflectance spectraand are complemented by:(5) CUAHSI_ODM-Guide: User Guide, CUAHSI´s ODM uploader in Excel (.xlsx) and Open Office (.ods) formats(6) scripts: auxiliary R-script templates for data access, data analysis and visualisation(7) supplementary materials: stage-discharge- and turbidimeter rating curves
    Keywords: rainfall ; discharge ; suspended sediment concentration ; soil spectroscopy ; fingerprint properties ; meso-scale ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 ATMOSPHERE 〉 PRECIPITATION ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SPECTRAL/ENGINEERING 〉 INFRARED WAVELENGTHS 〉 REFLECTED INFRARED ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 TERRESTRIAL HYDROSPHERE 〉 WATER QUALITY/WATER CHEMISTRY 〉 TURBIDITY ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 TERRESTRIAL HYDROSPHERE 〉 SURFACE WATER 〉 STAGE HEIGHT ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 TERRESTRIAL HYDROSPHERE 〉 SURFACE WATER 〉 DISCHARGE/FLOW ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 LAND SURFACE 〉 EROSION/SEDIMENTATION 〉 SEDIMENT TRANSPORT ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 TERRESTRIAL HYDROSPHERE 〉 SURFACE WATER 〉 RIVERS/STREAMS
    Language: English
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  • 13
    Publication Date: 2021-09-20
    Description: Abstract
    Description: The data set contains mineral chemical analyses of 37 different surface materials from the copper-gold-pyrite mine Apliki in the Republic of Cyprus and their corresponding hyperspectral spectra. The field samples were sampled in March 2018 in cooperation of the Cyprus Geological Survey Department of the Republic of Cyprus (GSD) and the German Research Centre for Geosciences (GFZ). The hyperspectral data was acquired with the HySpex system in a range of 400 – 2500nm and is presented in a spectral library. Detailed information about the mineral specimen, sample area and geochemistry is presented in the data sheets. The spectral library presented here is part of a bigger collection of spectral libraries including samples from rare-earth minerals, rare-earth-oxides (Koerting et al., 2019a, http://doi.org/10.5880/GFZ.1.4.2019.004) and copper-bearing minerals (Koellner et al., 2019, http://doi.org/10.5880/GFZ.1.4.2019.003).
    Keywords: copper mining ; mine surface weathering ; hyperspectral ; spectral library ; copper mineral ; geochemical analyses ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 ROCKS/MINERALS/CRYSTALS 〉 MINERALS 〉 MINERAL PHYSICAL/OPTICAL PROPERTIES ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GEOCHEMISTRY 〉 GEOCHEMICAL PROCESSES 〉 CHEMICAL WEATHERING ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 ROCKS/MINERALS/CRYSTALS 〉 METALS 〉 METALS PHYSICAL/OPTICAL PROPERTIES ; Earth Remote Sensing Instruments 〉 Passive Remote Sensing 〉 Spectrometers/Radiometers 〉 Imaging Spectrometers/Radiometers
    Type: Dataset
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  • 14
    Publication Date: 2021-09-30
    Description: Abstract
    Description: We present videos and figures from 22 scaled analogue models used to investigate the interactions between a density anomaly rising in the mantle and the lithosphere in a Newtonian system.The experimental setup consists of a two layers viscous lithosphere-upper mantle system obtained by using silicone putty-glucose syrup in a tank sized 40 cm × 40 cm× 50 cm. Glucose syrup (i.e., mantle) is a Newtonian, low viscosity, high-density fluid while silicone putty (i.e., lithosphere) is a visco-elastic material that behaves in a quasi-Newtonian fashion. The mantle upwelling (i.e., plume head) is produced by a high viscosity, low-density silicone sphere with a constant radius (15 mm) rising through the mantle at an average rise velocity of ~2.6 mm/s. A side-view camera images the ascending path of the sphere, allowing to track the sphere location and compute its velocity. A top-view, 3-D scanner records the evolution of topography from which the lithospheric uplift rate is inferred. All details about the model set-up, modeling results and interpretation are detailed in Sembroni et al. (2017).The additional material presented in this publication includes 2 tables, 5 figures, and 23 time-lapse movie. The rheological properties of materials used in each model are listed in Table 1.Table 2 is an excel file where the raw data of the models are specified (i.e., bulge width, topography, and uplift rate). Such data have been obtained by the 3-D scanner and then processed by a MATLAB code.Figure 1, Figure 2, Figure 3, Figure 4, Figure 5 represent the 2-D topography evolution of the bulge in each experiment. Images have been grouped by considering the different experimental setups (i.e., homogeneous continental lithosphere - Figure 1, homogeneous oceanic lithosphere - Figure 2, low viscous decoupling layer - Figure 3, intermediate viscous decoupling layer - Figure 4, high viscous decoupling layer - Figure 5). Such figures consist of topographic profiles extracted from the surface obtained by the 3-D scanner in four different time steps (red numbers in the figures). 22 side-view videos (from Movie 1 to Movie 22) show the progress of the models from the releasing to the impingement of the sphere beneath the plate. The velocity of the video has been accelerated by a factor of 7.While, the first 22 movies show the evolution of the experiments, Movie 23 shows the mantle convective flow associated to the ascending path of the mantle upwelling. Such flow has been detected by tracking the bubbles inside the syrup. In this model, no lithosphere has been placed on top of the syrup.
    Keywords: Mantle Plume ; EPOS ; Multi-scale laboratories ; analogue models of geologic processes ; analogue modelling results
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  • 15
    Publication Date: 2021-09-30
    Description: Abstract
    Description: We investigated the frictional properties of simulated fault gouges derived from the main lithologies present in the seismogenic Groningen gas field (NE Netherlands), employing in-situ P-T conditions and varying pore fluid salinity. Direct shear experiments were performed on gouges prepared from the Carboniferous Shale/Siltstone underburden, the Upper Rotliegend Slochteren Sandstone reservoir, the overlying Ten Boer Claystone, and the Basal Zechstein anhydrite-carbonate caprock, at 100 ºC, 40 MPa effective normal stress, and sliding velocities of 0.1-10 µm/s. As pore fluids, we used pure water, 0.5-6.2 M NaCl solutions, and a 6.9 M mixed chloride brine mimicking the formation water. Our results show a mechanical stratigraphy, with a maximum friction coefficient (µ) of ~0.65 for the Basal Zechstein, a minimum of ~0.37 for the Ten Boer claystone, ~0.6 for the reservoir sandstone, ~0.5 for the Carboniferous, and µ-values between the end-members for mixed gouges. Pore fluid salinity had no effect on frictional strength. Most gouges showed velocity-strengthening behavior, with little effect of pore fluid salinity on (a-b). However, Basal Zechstein gouge showed velocity-weakening at low salinities and/or sliding velocities, as did 50:50 mixtures with sandstone gouges, tested with the 6.9 M reservoir brine. From a Rate-and-State-Friction viewpoint, our results imply that faults incorporating Basal Zechstein anhydrite-carbonate material at the top of the reservoir are the most prone to accelerating slip, i.e. have the highest seismogenic potential. The results are equally relevant to other Dutch Rotliegend fields and to similar sequences globally. The data is provided in a .zip folder with 29 subfolders for 29 experiments/samples. Detailed information about the files in these subfolders as well as information on how the data is processed is given in the explanatory file Hunfeld-et-al-2017-Data-Description.pdf
    Keywords: Frictional properties ; Simulated fault gouge ; Groningen gas field ; EPOS ; Multi-scale laboratories ; rock and melt physical properties
    Language: English
    Type: Dataset
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  • 16
    Publication Date: 2021-09-30
    Description: Abstract
    Description: This data publication includes particle size distribution data of natural volcanic ash samples used as starting material for laboratory experiments simulating the aggregation/disaggregation of colliding volcanic ash particles. Full details of the experimental method can be found in Del Bello et. al. (2015) and in the data description file provided here.Here we report raw particle size distribution data obtained through separation analysis. Two types of volcanic ash were analysed: i) andesitic ash from the Sakurajima volcano (Japan), collected from July 2013 deposits (named Sak sample); ii) phonolitic ash collected from the basal fallout layer of the ~10 ka old Pomici Principali eruptive unit [Di Vito et al., 1999]) of the Campi Flegrei (named Ppa). For both compositions, 3 different starting materials were obtained by hand sieving the natural samples into three main particle size classes: (i) 〈32 μm, (ii) 32–63 μm, and (iii) 63–90 μm. For the phonolitic composition Ppa two additional starting materials were obtained by mixing the 〈32 μm and the 32–63 μm classes in known proportions. For each starting material, the grain size distribution of the sample was measured by a multiwavelength separation analyzer (LUMIReader®, https://www.lum-gmbh.com/lumireader_en.html). This device measures space and time resolved profiles of the transmitted light across the water-diluted sample (5% solid content) during sedimentation of particles. The cumulative volume-weighted particle size distribution is obtained from the extinction profiles using the multi-wavelength Particle size Analyser modulus (PSA). Details on the sample preparation procedure can be found in Detloff et al. (2006). For each measurement performed (see Table 1), a pdf file and a excel file are provided. The pdf file lists the analysis summary, including a description of the analysis settings and conditions, materials used, and distribution model adopted for the fit. It also provides graphs of the obtained volume weighted cumulative grain size distribution, and of the measured transmission profiles for each wavelength (870 nm, 630 nm and 470 nm, respectively). The Excel (*.xlsx format) file include 4 datasheets, listing the results (sheet name ending *_R) and the fit data (sheet names ending *_F01,*_F02, *_F03) obtained for the different instrument wavelength. In each datasheet the following data are listed in the columns: particle grain size (x3 in µm), volume weighted distribution (Q3(x) in %), Martin diameter (x3m in µm), volume weighted density distribution (q3(x) in 1/µm). The fit datasheets also include information on the fit such as distribution model used and distribution parameters (quantiles, median, standard deviation, span, etc..).A full list of the files included is given in List_of_files_DelBello et al 2017.pdf.
    Description: TableOfContents
    Description: Measurement name Sample typeSize class (µm)* Ppamag32_01Phonolite (Ppa)32-63 Ppamag32_03Phonolite (Ppa)32-63 Ppamag32_61Phonolite (Ppa)32-63Ppamag64_01Phonolite (Ppa)63-90Ppamin32_00Phonolite (Ppa)〈32 Ppamin32_02Phonolite (Ppa)〈32 Ppamin32_35Phonolite (Ppa)〈32 Ppamix32_02Phonolite (Ppa)〈32 + 32-63 (1:1) Ppamix32_03Phonolite (Ppa)〈32 + 32-63 (1:10)Ppamix32_04Phonolite (Ppa)〈32 + 32-63 (1:5) Ppamix32_05Phonolite (Ppa)〈32 + 32-63 (1:2) Ppamix32_06Phonolite (Ppa)〈32 + 32-63 (1:1) Ppamix32_70Phonolite (Ppa)〈32 + 32-63 (1:10) Ppamix32_71Phonolite (Ppa)〈32 + 32-63 (1:5) Ppamix32_72Phonolite (Ppa)〈32 + 32-63 (1:2) Ppamix32_73Phonolite (Ppa)〈32 + 32-63 (1:1) Ppamix63_02Phonolite (Ppa)〈32 + 63-90 (1:1) Ppatotal_01Phonolite (Ppa)total Sakmag32_02Andesite (Sak)32-63 Sakmag63_01Andesite (Sak)32-63 Sakmag90_01Andesite (Sak)63-90 Sakmin32_01Andesite (Sak)〈32 Sakmin32_02Andesite (Sak)〈32 Saktotal_01Andesite (Sak)totalTable 1. List of particle size characterization measurements included in this dataset. *When mixed sample are used, the respective weight proportion of the component classes used are reported in brackets.
    Keywords: multi-wavelength separation analyser ; grain size distribution ; phonolite ; andesite ; EPOS ; Multi-scale laboratories ; rock and melt physical properties
    Type: Dataset
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  • 17
    Publication Date: 2021-09-30
    Description: Abstract
    Description: This dataset contains the paleomagnetic supplementary material to the article Kelder et al. (subm.), which presents a magnetostratigraphic correlation of Late Miocene lacustrine sediments based on multi-polarity greigite. The multi-polarity is visible in most thermal paleomagnetic results (Zijderveld diagrams) by antipodal high and medium temperature components, while only one magnetic component was visible in the alternating field demagnetization diagrams. Based on this complex behavior, a tailored demagnetization approach was developed to allow for reliable magnetostratigraphic dating of lacustrine sediments.The dataset includes demagnetization data from four drill cores located nearby Paks, Hungary. They were not oriented, meaning that only the inclination could be used for paleomagnetism. The measurements took place at the Paleomagnetic Laboratory Fort Hoofddijk in Utrecht University, The Netherlands. For details about the methodology the reader is referred to the methodology in Kelder et al. (subm).Three types of data are distinguished:• Thermal demagnetization results (.th files)• Alternating field demagnetization results (.af files).• Interpreted magnetic vectors for demagnetization files (.dir files)The .th, .af. and .dir files can be viewed with Notepad or similar programs, and analyzed via the Open Source platform Paleomagnetism.org (Koymans et al., 2016). The .dir files only exist for the cores PAET-30 and PAET-34, because these were interpreted in detail, while the material of the other cores (PAET-26, 27) were mainly used for rock magnetic purposes.Finally, an overview of the data files, abbreviations and sample codes is provided in the data description file.
    Keywords: magnetostratigraphy ; Lake Pannon ; Hungary ; iron sulfide ; greigite ; endemic ; delta progradation ; EPOS ; Multi-scale laboratories ; Paleomagnetic and magnetic data ; paleomagnetic data
    Language: English
    Type: Dataset
    Format: 1763452 Bytes
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  • 18
    Publication Date: 2021-09-30
    Description: Abstract
    Description: Here we report the raw data of the physical properties of carbonate samples collected along the Monte Maggio normal Fault (MMF), a regional structure (length ~10 km and displacement ~500 m) located within the active system of the Apennines (Italy). In particular, we report results coming from large cores (100 mm in diameter and up to 20 cm long) drilled perpendicular to the fault plane made of Calcare Massiccio (massive limestone) and Bugarone fm (limestone with 8.3 % of clay). From these large cores, we obtained smaller cores, 38 mm in diameter both parallel and perpendicular to the fault plane, that have been used for experiments. We have divided the rock samples in four categories following the fault architecture. The four structural domains of the fault are:1) the hangingwall (HW) made of Bugarone fm that is still preserved in some portions of the fault, 2) a Cemented Cataclasite (CC) and 3) a Fault Breccia (FB) that characterize the cataclastic damage zones and 4) the correspondent undeformed protolith of the footwall block made of Calcare Massiccio. Raw data reported here are those used for drawing Figures 5, 6, 8 and 9 of the paper “Physical and transport property variations within carbonate- bearing fault zones: Insights from the Monte Maggio Fault (central Italy)”, http://doi.org/10.1002/ 2017GC007097 by Trippetta et al. Dataset_Fig05.txt reports P- and S-wave velocities (in km/s) of the described samples at pressure from 0.1 MPa (ambient pressure) up to 100 MPa at ambient temperature in dry conditions and the corresponding Vp/Vs ratio. Experiments have been performed by using the permeameter at the HP-HT Laboratory of experimental Volcanology and Geophysics at INGV (Rome).Dataset_Fig06.txt reports permeability data (in m^2) on the same type of samples of fig05 for the same range of confining pressure at ambient temperature. Pore pressure values athletes each confining pressure step are indicated in the file. Data have been again acquired with the permeameter.Dataset_Fig08.txt reports P-wave velocity data (in km/s) vs depth (in m), recorded on the portion that crossed the Calare Massiccio fm of three boreholes drilled in the Apennines: Varoni 1, Monte Civitello 1 and Daniel1. Data have been obtained by digitalizing each pdf file of the boreholes mentioned above, that are available at http://unmig.sviluppoeconomico.gov.it/videpi/videpi.asp. Once digitalized, respect to the original pdf file, velocity data have been simply converted from um/f to km/s.Dataset_Fig09.txt reports values of the maximum, minimum and average values of Critical fault nucleation length (in m) at each corresponding depth (in m) and applied confining pressure (in MPa). Critical nucleation lengths have been calculated by using the equations described in the text of the Trippetta et al paper and by using the elastic parameters calculated from data reported here. Data on earthquakes-depth distribution of the 2009 L'Aquila sequence can be found on Chiaraluce et al. (2011).
    Keywords: Sesmic Waves ; Carbonates ; Permeability ; Physical properties ; Elastic properties ; Borehole sonic logs ; Vp ; Vs ; Vp/Vs Ratio ; Critical Rupture Length ; EPOS ; Multi-scale laboratories ; rock and melt physical properties
    Type: Dataset
    Format: 19556 Bytes
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  • 19
    Publication Date: 2021-09-30
    Description: Abstract
    Description: This dataset contains ten movies corresponding to five analog experiments of double subduction systems with opposite polarity in adjacent plate segments. The laboratory model consists of two viscous layers of silicone putty representing the lithospheric plates, on top of a tank of syrup representing the mantle. Different setups have been designed to test the influence of the width of the plates and the initial separation between them on the resulting trench retreat velocities, deformation of plates and mantle flow.The movies show the time evolution of each experiment from the top and an oblique position of the camera (indicated by "_top" and "_ob" suffixes in the file names). Model 1 and 2 consist of two plates of 30 cm width spaced 10 cm and 0.5 cm, respectively. These models are designed to study the influence of the initial separation between plates on the dynamics of the mantle flow and plates interaction. Model 3 consists of two 20 cm wide plates with an initial separation of 0.5 cm. We use this model to show the mantle flow pattern in a double subduction system. Model 4 is composed of two 10 cm wide plates with an initial separation of 0.5 cm. This model is designed to analyze the effects of the plate width on the dynamics of the system. Finally, Model 5 is designed to study the interaction of two near subducting plates with different widths (30 cm and 10 cm wide plates).For details of the model set-up and results obtained please refer to the data description file and Peral et al. (2018).
    Keywords: Subduction analog models ; ananlogue models ; double subduction system ; trench curvature ; EPOS ; Multi-scale laboratories ; analogue models of geologic processes ; analogue modelling results
    Language: English
    Type: Dataset
    Format: 949939 Bytes
    Format: 2 Files
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  • 20
    Publication Date: 2021-09-30
    Description: Abstract
    Description: This dataset provides internal and basal (wall) friction data from ring-shear tests (RST) on a quartz sand material that has been used in tectonic experiments in Zwaan et al. (2016, 2017), Zwaan and Scheurs (2017) and in the Tectonic Modelling Lab of the University of Bern (CH) as an analogue for brittle layers in the crust or lithosphere. The material has been characterized by means of internal and basal friction coefficients μ and cohesions C as a remote service by the Helmholtz Laboratory for Tectonic Modelling (HelTec) at the GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences in Potsdam for the Tectonic Modelling Lab of the University of Bern (UB).According to our analysis the material behaves as a Mohr-Coulomb material characterized by a linear failure envelope. Internal peak, dynamic and reactivation friction coefficients are μP = 0.73, μD = 0.61, and μR = 0.66, respectively. Internal cohesions C are in the range of 10 to 70 Pa. Basal peak, dynamic and reactivation friction coefficients are μP = 0.41, μD = 0.35, and μR = 0.36, respectively, whereas basal cohesions C are in the range of 120 to 150 Pa. The rate dependency of the internal dynamic friction coefficient is insignificant (〈1%).
    Keywords: analogue models of geologic processes ; EPOS ; Multi-scale Laboratories ; property data of analogue modelling materials ; software tools
    Type: Dataset
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  • 21
    Publication Date: 2021-09-30
    Description: Abstract
    Description: Series of experiments to assess the role of pressure, mass of particles, and grain size distribution in the generation of charges and discharges during shock-tube experiments. Experiments have been achieved between 2017 and 2018 in the facilities of Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences - LMU München.This dataset contains:- an excel spreadsheet summarizing the 63 experiments in the database with their main characteristics- a pdf file for each experiment, with the waveforms of the main instruments used in the experiment (Pressure sensors and Faraday cage) as well as ellaborated data (total amount of charges and discharges, discharge size distribution.
    Description: Methods
    Description: Description of the raw file for each experiment (in CSV format). After the header, the columns display respectively:(1) the time [s](2) the static pressure within the autoclave [MPa](3) the voltage across the Faraday cage [V] on a low-sensitivity channel of the datalogger(4) the voltage across the Faraday cage [V] on a high-sensitivity channel of the datalogger that might saturate in some cases(5) the voltage across the lower antenna [V] as described in Cimarelli et al., 2014 (for some experiments only, otherwise the signal remains close to 0)(6) the voltage across the upper antenna [V] as described in Cimarelli et al., 2014 (for some experiments only, otherwise the signal remains close to 0)(7) the dynamic pressure at the exit of the nozzle [MPa](8) the trigger signal generated by the datalogger [V]
    Keywords: ash ; electric charge ; electric discharge ; shock tube ; jet ; grain size distribution ; EPOS ; Multi-scale laboratories ; rock and melt physical properties ; EARTH SCIENCE SERVICES 〉 ENVIRONMENTAL ADVISORIES 〉 WEATHER/CLIMATE ADVISORIES 〉 DUST/ASH ADVISORIES ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS 〉 VOLCANIC ACTIVITY 〉 ERUPTION DYNAMICS 〉 VOLCANIC EXPLOSIVITY ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS 〉 VOLCANIC ACTIVITY 〉 ERUPTION DYNAMICS 〉 ASH/DUST DISPERSION ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 HUMAN DIMENSIONS 〉 NATURAL HAZARDS 〉 VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 ATMOSPHERE 〉 ATMOSPHERIC ELECTRICITY 〉 LIGHTNING
    Type: Dataset
    Format: 1 Files
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  • 22
    Publication Date: 2021-09-30
    Description: Abstract
    Description: This dataset contains paleomagnetic data used to create the magnetostratigraphy of the Ugljevik section in Bosnia and Herzegovina (thesis by Karin Sant, 2018). It is the only outcrop known with the early, middle and upper Badenian sediments exposed in a continuous section.The dataset includes thermal demagnetization (.th files) and alternating field demagnetization (.af files) data from several partial sections (UG08, UG11 and UG13) together forming the full section (correlation figure is attached). The measurements took place at the Paleomagnetic Laboratory Fort Hoofddijk in Utrecht University, The Netherlands. The displayed AF measurements were performed in the per component setting. For further details about the methodology the reader is referred to the methodology in the thesis of K. Sant (2018).The .th and .af. files can be viewed with Notepad or similar programs, and analyzed via the Open Source platform Paleomagnetism.org: http://paleomagnetism.org/ (Koymans et al., 2016). An overview of the data files, abbreviation and sample codes is provided in the data description file.
    Keywords: Badenian ; Sarmatian ; magnetostratigraphy ; integrated stratigraphy ; Central Paratethys ; Pannonian Basin ; EPOS ; Multi-scale laboratories ; paleomagnetic and magnetic data ; paleomagnetic data
    Type: Dataset
    Format: 570848 Bytes
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  • 23
    Publication Date: 2021-09-30
    Description: Abstract
    Description: This dataset provides rheometric data of silicone (Polydimethylsiloxane, PDMS SGM36)-corundum sand mixtures used for analogue modelling in Zwaan et al. (2016, 2017), Zwaan and Schreurs (2017) and in the Tectonic Modelling Lab of the Institute of Geological Sciences at the University of Bern (CH). The PDMS is produced by Dow Corning and its characteristics have been described by e.g. Rudolf et al. (2016a,b). The corundum sand (Normalkorund Braun 95.5% F120 by Carlo Bernasconi AG: https://www.carloag.ch/shop/catalog/product/view/id/643), has a grainsize of 0.088-0.125 mm and a specific density of 3.96 g cm^-3. Further rheological characteristics are described by Panien et al. (2006). The density of the tested materials ranges between 1 (pure PDMS) and 1.6 g cm^-3 (increasing corundum sand content in mixture). The material samples have been analysed in the Helmholtz Laboratory for Tectonic Modelling (HelTec) at GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences in Potsdam using an Anton Paar Physica MCR 301 rheometer in a plate-plate configuration at room temperature. Rotational (controlled shear rate) tests with shear rates varying from 10^-4 to 10^-1 s^-1 were performed.According to our rheometric analysis, the material is quasi Newtonian at strain rates below 10^-3*s^-1 and weakly shear rate thinning above. Viscosity and stress exponent increase systematically with density from ~4*10^4 to ~1*10^5 Pa*s and from 1.06 to 1.10, respectively. A first application of the materials tested can be found in Zwaan et al. (2016). Detailed information about the data, methodology and a list of files and formats is given in the "data description" and "list of files" that are included in the zip folder and also available via the DOI landing page.
    Keywords: analogue models of geologic processes ; EPOS ; Multi-scale Laboratories ; property data of analogue modelling materials ; software tools
    Type: Dataset
    Format: 1316271 Bytes
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  • 24
    Publication Date: 2021-09-30
    Description: Abstract
    Description: This dataset provides friction data from ring-shear tests (RST) on feldspar sand and quartz sand, which are used to simulate brittle behaviour in crust- and lithosphere-scale analogue experiments at the Tectonic Laboratory (TecLab), Utrecht University (NL) (Willingshofer et al., 2005; Willingshofer & Sokoutis, 2009; Athmer et al., 2010; Luth et al., 2010; Fernández-Lozano et al., 2011; Leever et al., 2011; Sokoutis & Willingshofer, 2011; Fernández-Lozano et al., 2012; Luth et al., 2013; Munteanu et al., 2013; Willingshofer et al., 2013; Munteanu et al., 2014; Calignano et al., 2015a, b; Ortner et al., 2015; Gabrielsen et al., 2016; Calignano et al., 2017; van Gelder et al., 2017; Wang et al., 2017; Beniest et al., 2018 ). The materials have been characterized by means of internal friction coefficients µ and cohesions C as a remote service by the Helmholtz Laboratory for Tectonic Modelling (HelTec) at the GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences in Potsdam.According to our analysis both materials show a Mohr-Coulomb behaviour characterized by a linear failure envelope. Peak, dynamic and reactivation friction coefficients of the feldspar sand are µP = 0.68, µD = 0.55, and µR = 0.61, respectively. Friction coefficients of the quartz sand are µP = 0.63, µD = 0.48, and µR = 0.52, respectively. Cohesions of the feldspar sand and the quartz sand are in the order of few tens of Pa. A minor rate-weakening of 1% per ten-fold rate change is evident for the feldspar sand, whereas the quartz sand shows a significant rate weakening of ~5%.Further information about materical characteristics, measurement procedures, sample preparation, the RST (Ring-shear test) and VST (Velocity stepping test) procedure, as well as the analysed method is proviced in the data description file. The list of files explains the file and folder structure of the data set.
    Keywords: EPOS ; Multi-scale laboratories ; analogue models of geologic processes ; property data of analogue modelling materials ; software tools ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS ; EARTH SCIENCE SERVICES 〉 DATA ANALYSIS AND VISUALIZATION 〉 CALIBRATION/VALIDATION ; earth interior setting 〉 crust setting 〉 continental-crustal setting 〉 upper continental crustal setting ; deformation 〉 fracturing ; fault ; tectonic and structural features ; Sand 〉 Quartz Sand ; Iron Powder ; Ring-shear tester ; Force sensor ; Friction coefficient ; Cohesion
    Type: Dataset
    Format: 3 Files
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  • 25
    Publication Date: 2021-09-30
    Description: Abstract
    Description: This dataset provides friction data from ring-shear tests (RST) on different types of quartz sand used in the Laboratorio de modelización analógica of the Universidad de Zaragoza (UZ, Spain) as an analogue for brittle layers in the crust or lithosphere (Izquierdo-Llavall & Casas-Sainz, 2012; Calvín et al., 2013; Pueyo Anchuela et al., 2016; Peiro et al., 2018; Pueyo et al., 2018; Izquierdo-Llavall et al., submitted). The materials (quartz sand, green coloured quartz sand mixture, black coloured quartz sand) have been characterized by means of internal friction coefficients µ and cohesions C as a remote service by the Helmholtz Laboratory for Tectonic Modelling (HelTec) at the GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences in Potsdam.According to our analysis the materials show a Mohr-Coulomb behaviour characterized by a linear failure envelope. Friction coefficients of the pure quartz sand and the green quartz sand mixture are similar (µP = 0.74 – 0.76, µD = 0.56 – 0.60, µR = 0.61 – 0.64), whereas friction coefficients of the black coloured quartz sand are lower (µP = 0.48, µD = 0.39, µR = 0.45). Cohesions of all sands range between 40 and 150 Pa. A minor rate-weakening of ~1 % per ten-fold change in shear velocity v is evident.The tested materials are quartz sands with a grain size of 0.063 – 0.4 mm and bulk densities of ρ = 1610-1800 kg m^-3. The data presented here are derived by ring shear testing using a SCHULZE RST-01.pc (Schulze, 1994, 2003, 2008) at the Helmholtz Laboratory for Tectonic Modelling (HelTec) of the GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences in Potsdam. The RST is specially designed to measure friction coefficients µ and cohesions C in loose granular material accurately at low confining pressures and shear velocities similar to sandbox experiments.
    Keywords: EPOS ; Multi-scale laboratories ; analogue models of geologic processes ; property data of analogue modelling materials ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS ; EARTH SCIENCE SERVICES 〉 DATA ANALYSIS AND VISUALIZATION 〉 CALIBRATION/VALIDATION ; earth interior setting 〉 crust setting 〉 continental-crustal setting 〉 upper continental crustal setting ; deformation 〉 fracturing ; wrench fault ; thrust fault ; fault ; tectonic and structural features ; Sand 〉 Quartz Sand ; Ring-shear tester ; Force sensor ; Friction coefficient ; Cohesion
    Type: Dataset
    Format: 3 Files
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  • 26
    Publication Date: 2021-09-30
    Description: Abstract
    Description: This dataset provides friction data from ring-shear tests (RST) on an iron powder – quartz sand mixture (weight ratio 1:3). This material is used in particular as marker material in analogue experiments that are monitored with CT-scanners in the Tectonic Laboratory (TecLab) at Utrecht University (NL) (Pueyo et al., 2017; 2018). The material has been characterized by means of internal friction coefficients µ and cohesions C as a remote service by the Helmholtz Laboratory for Tectonic Modelling (HelTec) at the GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences in Potsdam in the framework of the EPOS (European Plate Observing System) Transnational Access (TNA) call of the Thematic Core Service (TCS) Multi-scale Laboratories (MSL) in 2017.According to our analysis the material behaves as a Mohr-Coulomb material characterized by a linear failure envelope. Peak, dynamic and reactivation friction coefficients are µP = 0.65, µD = 0.53, and µR = 0.62, respectively. Cohesions C are in the range of 70 to 100 Pa. A minor rate-weakening of ~3% per ten-fold change in shear velocity v is evident.
    Keywords: EPOS ; Multi-scale laboratories ; analogue models of geologic processes ; property data of analogue modelling materials ; software tools ; transnational access ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS ; EARTH SCIENCE SERVICES 〉 DATA ANALYSIS AND VISUALIZATION 〉 CALIBRATION/VALIDATION ; earth interior setting 〉 crust setting 〉 continental-crustal setting 〉 upper continental crustal setting ; deformation 〉 fracturing ; fault ; tectonic and structural features ; Sand 〉 Quartz Sand ; Iron Powder ; Ring-shear tester ; Force sensor ; Friction coefficient ; Cohesion
    Type: Dataset
    Format: 3 Files
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  • 27
    Publication Date: 2021-09-30
    Description: Abstract
    Description: Global spherical harmonic paleomagnetic field model LSMOD.2 describes the magnetic field evolution from 50 to 30 ka BP based on published paleomagnetic sediment records and volcanic data. It is an update of LSMOD.1, with the only difference being a correction to the geographic locations of one of the underlying datasets. The time interval includes the Laschamp (~41 ka BP) and Mono Lake (~34 ka BP) excursions. The model is given with Fortran source code to obtain spherical harmonic magnetic field coefficients for individual epochs and to obtain time series of magnetic declination, inclination and field intensity from 49.95 to 30 ka BP for any location on Earth. For details see M. Korte, M. Brown, S. Panovska and I. Wardinski (2019): Robust characteristics of the Laschamp and Mono lake geomagnetic excursions: results from global field models. Submitted to Frontiers in Earth Sciences
    Description: Methods
    Description: File overview:LSMOD.2 -- ASCII file containing the time-dependent model by a list of spline basis knot points and spherical harmonic coefficients for these knot points.LSfield.f -- Fortran source code to obtain time series predictions of declination, inclination and intensity from the model file.LScoefs.f -- Fortran source code to obtain the spherical harmonic coefficients for an individual age from the time-dependent model file.The data are licenced under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Licence (CC BY 4.0) and the Fortran Codes under the Apache License, Version 2.0.The Fortran source code should work with any standard Fortran 77 or higher compiler. Each of the two program files can be compiled separately, all required subroutines are included in the files. The model file, LSMOD.1 or LSMOD.2, is read in by the executable program and has to be in the same directory. The programs work with interactive input, which will be requested when running the program.
    Keywords: paleomagnetic field model ; geomagnetic excursion ; spherical harmonic paleomagnetic field model ; EPOS ; Multi-scale laboratories ; paleomagnetic and magnetic data ; software tools ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GEOMAGNETISM 〉 MAGNETIC FIELD 〉 MAGNETIC INTENSITY ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GEOMAGNETISM 〉 MAGNETIC FIELD 〉 MAGNETIC INCLINATION ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GEOMAGNETISM 〉 MAGNETIC FIELD 〉 MAGNETIC DECLINATION ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GEOMAGNETISM 〉 REFERENCE FIELDS ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GEOMAGNETISM 〉 PALEOMAGNETISM
    Type: Model
    Format: 1 Files
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  • 28
    Publication Date: 2021-09-30
    Description: Abstract
    Description: This dataset provides friction data from ring-shear tests (RST) on natural and artificial granular materials used for analogue modelling in the experimental laboratory of the Chengdu University of Technology (CDUT, China). Six samples, four types of quartz sands and two types of glass beads, have been characterized by means of friction coefficients µ and cohesions C. The material samples have been analysed at the Helmholtz Laboratory for Tectonic Modelling (HelTec) at the GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences in Potsdam in the framework of the EPOS (European Plate Observing System) Transnational Access (TNA) call of the Thematic Core Service (TCS) Multi-scale Laboratories (MSL) in 2017 as a remote service for the CDUT.According to our analysis the materials show a Mohr-Coulomb behaviour characterized by a linear failure envelope. Peak friction coefficients µP of the quartz sand samples range between 0.62 and 0.79 and µP of the glass beads between 0.61 and 0.64. Except for one quartz sand sample, peak cohesions CP of all materials are smaller than or around zero meaning that these materials are cohesionsless. All materials show a minor rate-weakening of 1-2 % per ten-fold change in shear velocity v.
    Keywords: EPOS ; Multi-scale laboratories ; analogue models of geologic processes ; property data of analogue modelling materials ; transnational access ; TNA ; software tools ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS ; EARTH SCIENCE SERVICES 〉 DATA ANALYSIS AND VISUALIZATION 〉 CALIBRATION/VALIDATION ; earth interior setting 〉 crust setting 〉 continental-crustal setting 〉 upper continental crustal setting ; deformation 〉 fracturing ; fault ; tectonic and structural features ; Microspheres ; Sand 〉 Quartz Sand ; Ring-shear tester ; Force sensor ; Friction coefficient ; Cohesion
    Type: Dataset
    Format: 2134326 Bytes
    Format: 3 Files
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  • 29
    Publication Date: 2021-09-30
    Description: Abstract
    Description: This dataset provides friction data from ring-shear tests (RST) for two types of foam glass beads and a mixture of foam glass beads with quartz sand (“G12”; Rosenau et al., 2019). These materials have been used in analogue experiments in Helmholtz Laboratory for Tectonic Modelling (HelTec) at the GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences in Potsdam and in the Analogue laboratory of the Institute of Geosciences of the Friedrich Schiller University of Jena (FSU Jena). The materials have been characterized by means of internal friction coefficients µ and cohesion C. According to our analysis the materials show a Mohr-Coulomb behaviour characterized by a linear failure envelope. Peak friction coefficients µP of all tested materials range between 0.70 and 0.75, dynamic friction coefficients µD between 0.52 and 0.55 and reactivation friction coefficients µR between 0.60 and 0.62. Peak cohesions CP of all materials are negative indicating that they are cohesionless. All materials show a minor rate-weakening of ~1% per ten-fold change in shear velocity v.Further information about materical characteristics, measurement procedures, sample preparation, the RST (Ring-shear test) and VST (Velocity stepping test) procedure, as well as the analysed method is proviced in the data description file. The list of files explains the file and folder structure of the data set.
    Keywords: analogue models of geologic processes ; EPOS ; Multi-scale Laboratories ; property data of analogue modelling materials ; software tools ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS ; EARTH SCIENCE SERVICES 〉 DATA ANALYSIS AND VISUALIZATION 〉 CALIBRATION/VALIDATION ; tectonic setting 〉 passive continental margin setting ; earth interior setting 〉 crust setting 〉 continental-crustal setting 〉 upper continental crustal setting ; deformation 〉 ductile flow ; deformation 〉 fracturing ; normal fault ; graben ; diapir ; fault ; slope and gravitational features ; base slope ; tectonic and structural features ; Sand 〉 Quartz Sand ; Ring-shear tester ; Force sensor ; Friction coefficient ; Cohesion
    Type: Dataset
    Format: 3 Files
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  • 30
    Publication Date: 2021-09-30
    Description: Abstract
    Description: This dataset provides friction data from ring-shear tests (RST) for a quartz sand (“G12”). This material is used in various types of analogue experiments in the Helmholtz Laboratory for Tectonic Modelling (HelTec) at the GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences in Potsdam for simulating brittle rocks in the upper crust. The material has been characterized by means of internal friction coefficients µ and cohesions C. According to our analysis the material shows a Mohr-Coulomb behaviour characterized by a linear failure envelope and peak, dynamic and reactivation friction coefficients of µP = 0.69, µD = 0.55 and µR = 0.62, respectively. Cohesions C are in the order of 50 – 110 Pa. The material shows a minor rate-weakening of 〈1% per ten-fold change in shear velocity.Further information about materical characteristics, measurement procedures, sample preparation, the RST (Ring-shear test) and VST (Velocity stepping test) procedure, as well as the analysed method is proviced in the data description file. The list of files explains the file and folder structure of the data set.
    Keywords: analogue models of geologic processes ; EPOS ; Multi-scale Laboratories ; property data of analogue modelling materials ; software tools ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS ; EARTH SCIENCE SERVICES 〉 DATA ANALYSIS AND VISUALIZATION 〉 CALIBRATION/VALIDATION ; earth interior setting 〉 crust setting 〉 continental-crustal setting 〉 upper continental crustal setting ; deformation 〉 fracturing ; fault ; tectonic and structural features ; Sand 〉 Quartz Sand ; Ring-shear tester ; Matlab (Mathworks) ; Force sensor ; Friction coefficient ; Cohesion
    Type: Dataset
    Format: 3 Files
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  • 31
    Publication Date: 2021-09-30
    Description: Abstract
    Description: This dataset provides friction data from ring-shear tests (RST) for a quartz sand (type “G23”). This material is used in various types of analogue experiments in the Helmholtz Laboratory for Tectonic Modelling (HelTec) at the GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences in Potsdam for simulating brittle rocks in the upper crust (e,g. Kenkmann et al., 2007; Contardo et al., 2011; Reiter et al., 2011;Warsitzka et al., 2013; Santimano,et al., 2015; Warsitzka et al., 2015; Ritter et al., 2016; 2018 a,b). The material has been characterized by means of internal friction coefficients µ and cohesions C. According to our analysis the material shows a Mohr-Coulomb behaviour characterized by a linear failure envelope and peak, dynamic and reactivation friction coefficients of µP = 0.73, µD = 0.57 and µR = 0.65, respectively. Cohesions C are in the order of 10 – 120 Pa. The material shows a minor rate-weakening of 〈1% per ten-fold change in shear velocity v.Further information about materical characteristics, measurement procedures, sample preparation, the RST (Ring-shear test) and VST (Velocity stepping test) procedure, as well as the analysed method is proviced in the data description file. The list of files explains the file and folder structure of the data set.
    Keywords: analogue models of geologic processes ; EPOS ; Multi-scale Laboratories ; property data of analogue modelling materials ; software tools ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS ; EARTH SCIENCE SERVICES 〉 DATA ANALYSIS AND VISUALIZATION 〉 CALIBRATION/VALIDATION ; earth interior setting 〉 crust setting 〉 continental-crustal setting 〉 upper continental crustal setting ; deformation 〉 fracturing ; fault ; tectonic and structural features ; Sand 〉 Quartz Sand ; Ring-shear tester ; Matlab (Mathworks) ; Force sensor ; Friction coefficient ; Cohesion
    Type: Dataset
    Format: 3 Files
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  • 32
    Publication Date: 2021-10-05
    Description: Abstract
    Description: These are maps of artificial night sky radiance that were produced by the Light Pollution Science and Technology Institute (ISTIL), and described in the paper "The New World Atlas of Artificial Night Sky Brightness" (Falchi et al. 2016).The data are stored in a 2.9 Gb geotiff file, on a 30 arcsecond grid. The map reports simulated zenith radiance data in [mcd/m^2]. The map is based on data from the VIIRS Day Night Band (DNB, MIller et al. 2013), which has been propagated through the atmosphere using the radiative transfer code reported in (Cinzano and Falchi, 2012). The upward emission function and the radiance calibration were obtained using data from Sky Quality Meters (including data from Duriscoe et al. 2007; Falchi 2010; Kyba et al 2013, 2015 and Zamorano et al. 2016).Note that the maps report artificial light only! The zenith radiance from natural sources such as stars and the Milky Way are not included, and must be added in order to match the data that would be obtained from an actual outdoor measurement.A kmz file for quick view of the data is also provided. Access to the FTP site to download the data can be requested via the data request form on the landing page.Version History:13 November 2019: change of the licence to CC BY NC 4.0 (after end of embargo period).
    Description: Other
    Description: Artificial lights raise the night sky luminance, creating the most visible effect of light pollution, artificial sky glow. Despite the increasing interest among scientists in fields such as ecology, astronomy, healthcare, land use planning, light pollution lacks a current quantification of its magnitude on a global scale. To overcome this, here we present the World atlas of the artificial sky luminance, computed with our light pollution propagation software using new high resolution satellite data and new precision sky brightness measurements. This atlas shows that more than 80% of the World and more than 99% of the U.S.A. and Europe populations live under light polluted skies. The Milky Way is hidden for more than one third of humanity, including 60% of Europeans and nearly 80% of North Americans. Moreover, 23% of World's lands between 75°N and 60°S, 88% of Europe and almost half of U.S.A. experience light polluted nights.
    Keywords: artificial light ; ALAN ; skyglow ; light pollution ; atlas ; night ; radiative transfer ; Suomi NPP ; Sky Quality Meter ; EARTH SCIENCE SERVICES 〉 DATA ANALYSIS AND VISUALIZATION 〉 VISUALIZATION/IMAGE PROCESSING
    Language: English
    Type: Dataset , Dataset
    Format: 26001739 Bytes
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  • 33
    Publication Date: 2021-10-27
    Description: Abstract
    Description: The ColSRBF-DGFI2019 gravimetric geoid model has been computed by the Deutsches Geodätisches Forschungsinstitut (DGFI), Technical University of Munich (TUM). It has been worked out in the frame of the International Association of Geodesy Joint Working Group 2.2.2 "The 1 cm geoid experiment" and the so called "Colorado experiment". The area covered by the model is 251°E ≤ longitude ≤ 257°E, 36°N ≤ latitude ≤ 39°N with a grid spacing of 1' in both latitude and in longitude. Input data include terrestrial and airborne gravity observations, both used with their original observation sites. The computation method is based on spherical radial basis functions (SRBFs), using the Shannon function and the Cubic Polynomial (CuP) function for the terrestrial and airborne data, respectively. The computation is performed in the framework of a remove-compute-restore procedure, taking XGM2016 as global gravity model and Earth2014 / ERTM2160 for the topographic gravity effects. The terrestrial and airborne observations are combined within a parameter estimation procedure, and the relative weight between these two types of observations are determined by the method of variance component estimation (VCE). The classical formula by Heiskanen and Moritz (1967) is used for quasi-geoid to geoid conversion. The accuracy of the geoid model, when compared against GSVS17 GPS/leveling, is equal to 3.0 cm. The geoid model is provided in ISG format 2.0 (ISG Format Specifications), while the file in its original data format is available at the model ISG webpage.
    Description: Other
    Description: The International Service for the Geoid (ISG) was founded in 1992 (as International Geoid Service - IGeS) and it is now an official service of the International Association of Geodesy (IAG), under the umbrella of the International Gravity Field Service (IGFS). The main activities of ISG consist in collecting, analysing and redistributing local and regional geoid models, as well as organizing international schools on the geoid determination (Reguzzoni et al., 2021).
    Keywords: Geodesy ; Geoid model ; ISG ; Spherical radial basis functions ; Colorado experiment ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GEODETICS 〉 GEOID CHARACTERISTICS ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GRAVITY/GRAVITATIONAL FIELD 〉 GRAVITY
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  • 34
    Publication Date: 2021-11-01
    Description: Abstract
    Description: We have installed 20 new Global Positioning System (GPS) markers in the West Pamir and the Tajik Depression and measured 25 markers once a year between 2013 and 2016 in survey mode. The stations are positioned along two dense NW-SE oriented profiles with an average spacing of 5-10 km. The profiles cross the Darvaz and the Vakhsh/Ilyak fault and thus monitor the recent slip of these two profiles, which are expected to accommodate the gravity-driven westward extrusion of the West Pamir into the Tajik Depression. Some of the stations include millimeter to centimeter offsets potentially caused by the 2015 Mw7.2 Sarez, Pamir, earthquake.
    Description: Methods
    Description: The markers are 100 mm long stainless steel rods of 8 mm diameter drilled and glued into the ground. Marker positions were measured for nearly 48 hrs per measurement at a sampling rate of 30 s. The data were always acquired in autumn (September to November) to minimize seasonal signal contributions. We used a Trimble R7 receiver and a Trimble Geodetic Zephyr Model 1 (TRM41249.00) antenna on a leveled spike mount with a fixed height of 12.2 cm. The antenna cable plug was oriented towards North whenever possible.Metadata regarding the measurement conditions were archived on paper log sheets. Trimble's proprietary data was converted to ASCII-files using the Trimble software "runpkr00", and then into exchangeable RINEX data using the software "TEQC" (https://doi.org/10.1007/PL00012778), which can be downloaded from the UNAVCO webpage. Finally, mandatory metadata - e.g. antenna and receiver types, marker names, antenna offsets - were added to the header information of the RINEX files.The resulting data presented herein include daily observations in RINEX format. These are organized in yearly and daily folders ("2019-007_Metzger-et-al_data/daily/YYYY/DDD"). Further documentation is found in the folder "2019-007_Metzger-et-al_documentation" and includes the technical reports ("TechnicalReport20YY.pdf") with additional details regarding the installation and remeasurement of the network, waypoint descriptions ("WaypointDescriptions.pdf"), technical aspects of the GPS antenna ("antenna_TRM41249_00.gif"), logsheets documenting additional data acquisition information ("logsheets") as well as example pictures taken during data acquistion ("photo_examples").
    Keywords: RNX data ; campaign GPS ; GNSS ; Tajikistan ; Tajik basin ; Vakhsh fault ; Darvaz fault ; Pamir ; West Pamir ; surface displacement ; linear rates ; interseismic rates ; deformation rates ; sGPS ; EARTH SCIENCE SERVICES 〉 DATA ANALYSIS AND VISUALIZATION 〉 GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEMS ; Earth Remote Sensing Instruments 〉 Passive Remote Sensing 〉 Positioning/Navigation 〉 GNSS
    Type: Dataset
    Format: 2 Files
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  • 35
    Publication Date: 2021-11-05
    Description: Abstract
    Description: The ColSCA-CASM2019 gravimetric geoid model has been computed by the Chinese Academy of Surveying and Mapping (CASM). It has been worked out in the frame of the International Association of Geodesy Joint Working Group 2.2.2 "The 1 cm geoid experiment" and the so called "Colorado experiment". The area covered by the model is 109.5°W ≤ longitude ≤ 102.5°W, 35.5°N ≤ latitude ≤ 39.5°N with a grid spacing of 1' in both latitude and in longitude. The height anomaly computation from the satellite gravity model GOCO05S, terrestrial and airborne gravity data is based on the spectral combination approach. Spectral weights of each dataset are determined by using the KTH error degree variance estimation method. A remove-compute-restore procedure, based on the EGM2008 global gravity model, is applied to account for the contribution outside local gravity data coverage. A residual terrain correction is computed from the SRTM model to consider the short wavelength components of gravity field generated by the high frequency part of topography. Height anomalies are converted to geoid undulations by using the refined Bouguer anomalies and the gradient of the gravitational potential (Flury and Rummel, 2009). The accuracy of the geoid model, when compared against GSVS17 GPS/leveling, is equal to 3.5 cm. The geoid model is provided in ISG format 2.0 (ISG Format Specifications), while the file in its original data format is available at the model ISG webpage.
    Description: Other
    Description: The International Service for the Geoid (ISG) was founded in 1992 (as International Geoid Service - IGeS) and it is now an official service of the International Association of Geodesy (IAG), under the umbrella of the International Gravity Field Service (IGFS). The main activities of ISG consist in collecting, analysing and redistributing local and regional geoid models, as well as organizing international schools on the geoid determination (Reguzzoni et al., 2021).
    Keywords: Geodesy ; Geoid model ; ISG ; Spectral combination approach ; Colorado experiment ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GEODETICS 〉 GEOID CHARACTERISTICS ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GRAVITY/GRAVITATIONAL FIELD 〉 GRAVITY
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  • 36
    Publication Date: 2021-11-05
    Description: Abstract
    Description: The ColSCA-CASM2019 gravimetric quasi-geoid model has been computed by the Chinese Academy of Surveying and Mapping (CASM). It has been worked out in the frame of the International Association of Geodesy Joint Working Group 2.2.2 "The 1 cm geoid experiment" and the so called "Colorado experiment". The area covered by the model is 109.5°W ≤ longitude ≤ 102.5°W, 35.5°N ≤ latitude ≤ 39.5°N with a grid spacing of 1' in both latitude and in longitude. The height anomaly computation from the satellite gravity model GOCO05S, terrestrial and airborne gravity data is based on the spectral combination approach. Spectral weights of each dataset are determined by using the KTH error degree variance estimation method. A remove-compute-restore procedure, based on the EGM2008 global gravity model, is applied to account for the contribution outside local gravity data coverage. A residual terrain correction is computed from the SRTM model to consider the short wavelength components of gravity field generated by the high frequency part of topography. The accuracy of the quasi-geoid model, when compared against GSVS17 GPS/leveling, is equal to 3.1 cm. The geoid model is provided in ISG format 2.0 (ISG Format Specifications), while the file in its original data format is available at the model ISG webpage.
    Description: Other
    Description: The International Service for the Geoid (ISG) was founded in 1992 (as International Geoid Service - IGeS) and it is now an official service of the International Association of Geodesy (IAG), under the umbrella of the International Gravity Field Service (IGFS). The main activities of ISG consist in collecting, analysing and redistributing local and regional geoid models, as well as organizing international schools on the geoid determination (Reguzzoni et al., 2021).
    Keywords: Geodesy ; Geoid model ; ISG ; Spectral combination approach ; Colorado experiment ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GEODETICS 〉 GEOID CHARACTERISTICS ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GRAVITY/GRAVITATIONAL FIELD 〉 GRAVITY
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  • 37
    Publication Date: 2021-11-09
    Description: Abstract
    Description: We present SCOTER, an open-source Python programming package that is designed to relocate multiple seismic events by using direct P- and S-wave station correction terms. The package implements static and shrinking-box source-specific station terms techniques extended to regional and teleseimic distances and adopted for probabilistic, non-linear, global-search location for large-scale multiple-event location. This program provides robust relocation results for seismic event sequences over a wide range of spatial and temporal scales by applying empirical corrections for the biasing effects of 3-D velocity structure. Written in the Python programming language, SCOTER is run as a stand-alone command-line tool (requiring no knowledge of Python) and also provides a set of sub-commands to develop required input files (e.g. phase files, travel-time grid files, configuration) and export relocation results (such as hypocenter parameters, travel-time residuals) in different formats -- routine but non-trivial tasks that can consume much user time. This package can be used for relocating data sets in local, regional, and teleseimic scales.
    Keywords: relocation of seismic events ; python ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS 〉 EARTHQUAKES 〉 EARTHQUAKE OCCURRENCES ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS 〉 EARTHQUAKES
    Type: Software
    Format: 4 Files
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  • 38
    Publication Date: 2021-11-10
    Description: Abstract
    Description: This data publication contains the data sets of a study aiming to reconstruct environmental conditions during the Holocene in the upper part of the Kali Gandaki valley, Nepal. The data are for samples taken from paleosol sections in the Upper Mustang region (Menges et al. 2019). On these samples we measured the grain size distribution to gain information about the depositional processes, pollen data to reconstruct past vegetation, 14C isotopes in the humin fraction of organic matter for soil formation ages, and hydrogen isotopic composition on n-alkanes to reconstruct past hydrological conditions. This is complemented with optically stimulated luminescence data for additional depositional age information, surface water samples and modern soil samples to constrain modern hydrological conditions, and sediment concentration data to gain insights into erosion processes. The data was generated between 2013-02 and 2018-12. The data files are provided in Excel and tab-delimited text versions.
    Keywords: degradation ; paleosols ; climate ; Nepal ; In Situ/Laboratory Instruments 〉 Spectrometers/Radiometers 〉 IRMS ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 PALEOCLIMATE 〉 LAND RECORDS 〉 ISOTOPES ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 HUMAN DIMENSIONS 〉 HABITAT CONVERSION/FRAGMENTATION 〉 DESERTIFICATION ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 LAND SURFACE 〉 EROSION/SEDIMENTATION 〉 DEGRADATION ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 PALEOCLIMATE 〉 PALEOCLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS 〉 DROUGHT/PRECIPITATION RECONSTRUCTION ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 PALEOCLIMATE 〉 LAND RECORDS 〉 PALEOSOLS
    Type: Dataset
    Format: 2 Files
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  • 39
    Publication Date: 2021-11-19
    Description: Abstract
    Description: Pyrocko is an open source seismology toolbox and library, written in the Python programming language. It can be utilized flexibly for a variety of geophysical tasks, like seismological data processing and analysis, calculation of Green's functions and earthquake models' synthetic waveforms and static displacements (InSAR or GPS). Those can be used to characterize extended earthquake ruptures, point sources (moment tensors) and other seismic sources. This publication includes the Pyrocko core, a library providing building blocks for researchers and students wishing to develop their own applications. The Pyrocko framework also ships with application: (1) Snuffler (interactive seismogram browser and workbench), (2) Cake (1D travel-time and ray-path computations), (3) Fomosto (calculate and manage Green’s function databases) and (4) Jackseis (waveform archive data manipulation). Additional applications, as of Grond, Lassie and Kite are individual software publications. See the project page (www.pyrocko.org) for full documentation, tutorials and installation instructions.
    Keywords: Seismological software ; Seismological toolbox ; Green's functions ; Seismological data processing ; Python framework ; Earthquake source parameters
    Type: Software , Dataset
    Format: 34794 Bytes
    Format: 4 Files
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  • 40
    Publication Date: 2021-11-17
    Description: Abstract
    Description: Multi-resolution exposure model for seismic risk assessment in Tajikistan. The model has been developed according to the methodology outlined in Pittore, Haas and Silva (2020) "Multi-resolution Probabilistic Modelling of Residential Exposure and Vulnerability for Seismic Risk Applications", Earthquake Spectra (submitted). The model is aggregated over a Central Voronoidal Tessellation (CVT) composed of geo-cells covering the territory of Tajikistan (provided as a separate file). The model integrates around 1'000 building observations (see related dataset Pittore et al. 2019a). The following specific modelling parameters have been employed: Prior strength=10, 100 Epsilon=0.001 For each geo-cell the model includes the expected number of buildings , total occupancy and replacement cost for each of the 15 building types defined in the EMCA taxonomy (see Pittore et al, 2019b), plus the buildings that are belonging to other, non specified typologies (described by building type OTH). Each geo-cell also includes the area of the geo-cell itself in squared km. The data package contains three components: 1) exposure models in .csv 2) exposure models in .xml - the file is encoded in NRML 0.5 format and is compatible with the GEM openquake processing engine 3) shapefile of the tessellation that aggregates the exposure model. The field "cell_id" is the linkage with the exposure models
    Keywords: Earthquake Risk ; taxonomy ; RRVS ; GEM ; EMCA ; Central Asia ; geological process 〉 seismic activity ; risk 〉 natural risk ; safety 〉 risk assessment 〉 disaster preparedness ; safety 〉 risk assessment 〉 natural risk analysis ; safety 〉 risk assessment 〉 risk exposure
    Type: Dataset , Dataset
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  • 41
    Publication Date: 2021-11-17
    Description: Abstract
    Description: Multi-resolution exposure model for seismic risk assessment in the Kyrgyz Republic. The model has been developed according to the methodology outlined in Pittore, Haas and Silva (2019) "Multi-resolution Probabilistic Modelling of Residential Exposure and Vulnerability for Seismic Risk Applications", Earthquake Spectra. The model is aggregated over a Central Voronoidal Tessellation (CVT) composed of 1'175 geo-cells covering the territory of the Kyrgyz Republic. The model integrates around 6'000 building observations (see related dataset Pittore et al. 2019). The following specific modelling parameters have been employed: Two exposure models are provided, with prior strength pw 10 and 100. Both models have epsilon=0.001 (see publication indicated in the metadata for details on the modelling process). For each geo-cell the model includes the expected number of buildings , total occupancy and replacement cost for each of the 15 building types defined in the EMCA taxonomy (see Pittore et al, 2019b), plus the buildings that are belonging to other, non specified typologies (described by building type OTH). Each geo-cell also includes the area of the geo-cell itself in squared km. The data package contains three components: 1) exposure models in .csv 2) exposure models in .xml - the file is encoded in NRML 0.5 format and is compatible with the GEM openquake processing engine 3) shapefile of the tessellation that aggregates the exposure model. The field "cell_id" is the linkage with the exposure models
    Keywords: Earthquake Risk ; taxonomy ; RRVS ; GEM ; EMCA ; Central Asia ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 HUMAN DIMENSIONS 〉 NATURAL HAZARDS 〉 EARTHQUAKES ; geological process 〉 seismic activity ; risk 〉 natural risk ; safety 〉 risk assessment 〉 disaster preparedness ; safety 〉 risk assessment 〉 natural risk analysis ; safety 〉 risk assessment 〉 risk exposure
    Type: Dataset , Dataset
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  • 42
    Publication Date: 2021-11-17
    Description: Abstract
    Description: Multi-resolution exposure model for seismic risk assessment in Uzbekistan. The model has been developed according to the methodology outlined in Pittore, Haas and Silva (2019) "Multi-resolution Probabilistic Modelling of Residential Exposure and Vulnerability for Seismic Risk Applications", Earthquake Spectra. The model is aggregated over a Central Voronoidal Tessellation (CVT) composed of geo-cells covering the territory of Uzbekistan (provided as a separate file). The model prior is based on empirical observations in Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan as well as user-elicited knowledge. The following specific modelling parameters have been employed: Two exposure models are provided, with prior strength pw 10 and 100. Both models have epsilon=0.001 (see publication indicated in the metadata for details on the modelling process). For each geo-cell the model includes the expected number of buildings , total occupancy and replacement cost for each of the 15 building types defined in the EMCA taxonomy (see Pittore et al, 2019b), plus the buildings that are belonging to other, non specified typologies (described by building type OTH). Each geo-cell also includes the area of the geo-cell itself in squared km. The data package contains three components: 1) exposure models in .csv 2) exposure models in .xml - the file is encoded in NRML 0.5 format and is compatible with the GEM openquake processing engine 3) shapefile of the tessellation that aggregates the exposure model. The field "cell_id" is the linkage with the exposure models
    Keywords: Earthquake Risk ; taxonomy ; RRVS ; GEM ; EMCA ; Central Asia ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 HUMAN DIMENSIONS 〉 NATURAL HAZARDS 〉 EARTHQUAKES ; geological process 〉 seismic activity ; risk 〉 natural risk ; safety 〉 risk assessment 〉 disaster preparedness ; safety 〉 risk assessment 〉 natural risk analysis ; safety 〉 risk assessment 〉 risk exposure
    Type: Dataset , Dataset
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  • 43
    Publication Date: 2021-11-17
    Description: Abstract
    Description: Multi-resolution exposure model for seismic risk assessment in Kazakhstan. The model has been developed according to the methodology outlined in Pittore, Haas and Silva (2019) "Multi-resolution Probabilistic Modelling of Residential Exposure and Vulnerability for Seismic Risk Applications", Earthquake Spectra. The model is aggregated over a Central Voronoidal Tessellation (CVT) composed of geo-cells covering the territory of Kazakhstan (provided as a separate file). The model prior is based on user-elicited knowledge. The following specific modelling parameters have been employed: Two exposure models are provided, with prior strength pw 10 and 100. Both models have epsilon=0.001 (see publication indicated in the metadata for details on the modelling process). For each geo-cell the model includes the expected number of buildings , total occupancy and replacement cost for each of the 15 building types defined in the EMCA taxonomy (see Pittore et al, 2019b), plus the buildings that are belonging to other, non specified typologies (described by building type OTH). Each geo-cell also includes the area of the geo-cell itself in squared km. The data package contains three components: 1) exposure models in .csv 2) exposure models in .xml - the file is encoded in NRML 0.5 format and is compatible with the GEM openquake processing engine 3) shapefile of the tessellation that aggregates the exposure model. The field "cell_id" is the linkage with the exposure models
    Keywords: Earthquake Risk ; taxonomy ; RRVS ; GEM ; EMCA ; Central Asia ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 HUMAN DIMENSIONS 〉 NATURAL HAZARDS 〉 EARTHQUAKES ; geological process 〉 seismic activity ; risk 〉 natural risk ; safety 〉 risk assessment 〉 disaster preparedness ; safety 〉 risk assessment 〉 natural risk analysis ; safety 〉 risk assessment 〉 risk exposure
    Type: Dataset , Dataset
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  • 44
    Publication Date: 2021-11-17
    Description: Abstract
    Description: Multi-resolution exposure model for seismic risk assessment in Turkmenistan. The model has been developed according to the methodology outlined in Pittore, Haas and Silva (2019) "Multi-resolution Probabilistic Modelling of Residential Exposure and Vulnerability for Seismic Risk Applications", Earthquake Spectra. The model is aggregated over a Central Voronoidal Tessellation (CVT) composed of geo-cells covering the territory of Turkmenistan (provided as a separate file). The model prior is based on user-elicited knowledge. The following specific modelling parameters have been employed: Two exposure models are provided, with prior strength pw 10 and 100. Both models have epsilon=0.001 (see publication indicated in the metadata for details on the modelling process) For each geo-cell the model includes the expected number of buildings , total occupancy and replacement cost for each of the 15 building types defined in the EMCA taxonomy (see Pittore et al, 2019b), plus the buildings that are belonging to other, non specified typologies (described by building type OTH). Each geo-cell also includes the area of the geo-cell itself in squared km. The data package contains three components: 1) exposure models in .csv 2) exposure models in .xml - the file is encoded in NRML 0.5 format and is compatible with the GEM openquake processing engine 3) shapefile of the tessellation that aggregates the exposure model. The field "cell_id" is the linkage with the exposure models
    Keywords: Earthquake Risk ; taxonomy ; RRVS ; GEM ; EMCA ; Central Asia ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 HUMAN DIMENSIONS 〉 NATURAL HAZARDS 〉 EARTHQUAKES
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  • 45
    Publication Date: 2021-11-17
    Description: Abstract
    Description: The datasets in this collection include input and output components of the seismic exposure model developed within the framework of the Earthquake Model Central Asia and used for seismic risk assessment. In particular the collection includes: - A dataset of around 7’000 individual building observations in Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan collected using the Remote Rapid Visual Survey (RRVS) methodology developed at GFZ, along with the class schema used to map the individual taxonomic observations into vulnerability-related building classes. These are used to develop suitable prior distribution and to constrain locally the resulting exposure models - The seismic exposure models for the following central Asian countries: Kazakhstan , Kyrgyz Republic, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan, aggregated over a set of heterogeneous tessellations (geo-cells) The methodology employed for the development of the exposure models is described in Pittore, M., Haas, M., and Silva, V. (2020) “Multi-resolution Probabilistic Modelling of Residential Exposure and Vulnerability for Seismic Risk Applications”, Earthquake Spectra. Two versions of the models obtained with two different parameter settings are included. The models are provided in .csv and in .xml (nrml 0.5) format, for compatiliby with the OpenQuake hazard and risk assessment engine.
    Keywords: Earthquake Risk ; taxonomy ; RRVS ; GEM ; EMCA ; Central Asia ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 HUMAN DIMENSIONS 〉 NATURAL HAZARDS 〉 EARTHQUAKES ; geological process 〉 seismic activity ; risk 〉 natural risk ; safety 〉 risk assessment 〉 disaster preparedness ; safety 〉 risk assessment 〉 natural risk analysis ; safety 〉 risk assessment 〉 risk exposure
    Type: Dataset , Dataset
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  • 46
    Publication Date: 2021-11-17
    Description: Abstract
    Description: The dataset contains a set of structural and non-structural attributes collected using the GFZ RRVS methodology in Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan, within the framework of the projects EMCA (Earthquake Model Central Asia), funded by GEM, and "Assessing Seismic Risk in the Kyrgyz Republic", funded by the World Bank. The survey has been carried out between 2012 and 2016 using a Remote Rapid Visual Screening system developed by GFZ and employing omnidirectional images and footprints from OpenStreetMap. The attributes are encoded according to the GEM taxonomy v2.0 (see https://taxonomy.openquake.org). The following attributes are defined (not all are observable in the RRVS survey): code, description: lon, longitude in fraction of degrees lat, latitude in fraction of degrees object_id, unique id of the building surveyed MAT_TYPE,Material Type MAT_TECH,Material Technology MAT_PROP,Material Property LLRS,Type of Lateral Load-Resisting System LLRS_DUCT,System Ductility HEIGHT,Height YR_BUILT,Date of Construction or Retrofit OCCUPY,Building Occupancy Class - General OCCUPY_DT,Building Occupancy Class - Detail POSITION,Building Position within a Block PLAN_SHAPE,Shape of the Building Plan STR_IRREG,Regular or Irregular STR_IRREG_DT,Plan Irregularity or Vertical Irregularity STR_IRREG_TYPE,Type of Irregularity NONSTRCEXW,Exterior walls ROOF_SHAPE,Roof Shape ROOFCOVMAT,Roof Covering ROOFSYSMAT,Roof System Material ROOFSYSTYP,Roof System Type ROOF_CONN,Roof Connections FLOOR_MAT,Floor Material FLOOR_TYPE,Floor System Type FLOOR_CONN,Floor Connections For each building an EMCA vulnerability class has been assigned following the fuzzy scoring methodology described in Pittore et al., 2018. The related class definition schema (as a .json document) is included in the data package.
    Keywords: Earthquake Risk ; taxonomy ; RRVS ; GEM ; EMCA ; Central Asia ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 HUMAN DIMENSIONS 〉 NATURAL HAZARDS 〉 EARTHQUAKES ; geological process 〉 seismic activity ; risk 〉 natural risk ; safety 〉 risk assessment 〉 disaster preparedness ; safety 〉 risk assessment 〉 natural risk analysis ; safety 〉 risk assessment 〉 risk exposure
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  • 47
    Publication Date: 2021-11-26
    Description: Abstract
    Description: hBG2018 is the hybrid quasi-geoid model for Belgium, including both the Belgian mainland and the Exclusive Economic Zone. The hBG18 quasi-geoid heights are referred to the ETRS89/GRS80 ellipsoid. It is computed using radar altimetry data, terrestrial gravity anomalies, airborne gravity disturbances, and shipboard gravity anomalies. The quasi-geoid computation is based on the remove-compute-restore procedure. The long-wavelength signal content in the data is reduced by removing the contribution of the GOCO05S global gravity field model complete to degree 280. At the very short wavelengths, residual terrain modelling (RTM) is applied to the shipboard, terrestrial and airborne gravity datasets using EuroDEM as input data. The residual disturbing potential is parameterized over the target area using Spherical Radial Basis Functions (SRBF). The SRBF coefficients and bias parameters for the sets of gravity anomalies and disturbances are estimated using weighted least-squares with regularization, assuming white noise. To support the exploitation of the hBG2018 gravimetric quasi-geoid for the conversion of GNSS derived heights to the TAW/DNG height system, several post-processing steps were applied. First, as the TAW/DNG height system is a mean-tide height system (i.e., mean-tide crust = zero crust over mean-tide geoid) the quasi-geoid was transformed from the zero-tide to the mean tide system. Thereafter, a corrector surface (also called 'innovation function') has been estimated from the differences between the geometric quasi-geoid at 3707 GNSS/leveling points and the gravimetric quasi-geoid. This surface also accounts for the difference between the fictitious datum point of the gravimetric hBG18 and the datum point of the TAW/DNG. Finally, the transformation from the tide-free permanent tide system adopted in the GNSS community and the mean-tide system adopted in TAW/DNG, has been applied. hBG18 replaces hBG03 as the official Belgian model since August 1, 2018. The geoid model is provided in ISG format 2.0 (ISG Format Specifications), while the file in its original data format is available at the model ISG webpage.
    Description: Other
    Description: The International Service for the Geoid (ISG) was founded in 1992 (as International Geoid Service - IGeS) and it is now an official service of the International Association of Geodesy (IAG), under the umbrella of the International Gravity Field Service (IGFS). The main activities of ISG consist in collecting, analysing and redistributing local and regional geoid models, as well as organizing international schools on the geoid determination (Reguzzoni et al., 2021).
    Keywords: Geodesy ; Geoid model ; ISG ; Spherical Radial Basis Functions ; Belgium ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GEODETICS 〉 GEOID CHARACTERISTICS ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GRAVITY/GRAVITATIONAL FIELD 〉 GRAVITY
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  • 48
    Publication Date: 2021-11-29
    Description: Abstract
    Description: The ColUNBSH-GSI2019 gravimetric geoid model has been computed by the Geospatial Information Authority of Japan (GSI) in cooperation with the Technical University of Denmark (DTU). It has been worked out in the frame of the International Association of Geodesy Joint Working Group 2.2.2 "The 1 cm geoid experiment" and the so called "Colorado experiment". The area covered by the model is 109°W ≤ longitude ≤ 103°W, 36°N ≤ latitude ≤ 39°N with a grid spacing of 1' in both latitude and in longitude. Terrestrial and airborne gravity data are combined and gridded by least-squares collocation with the planar logarithmic covariance model. The resulting grid of free-air gravity anomalies is converted into Helmert gravity anomalies by applying the spherical topographic reduction and the analytical downward continuation with Helmert's second method of condensation. The computation method is based on the remove-compute-restore technique, using XGM2016 up to degree and order 719 as the reference global gravity model. In particular, the geoid model is computed by Stokes integration of residual Helmert gravity anomalies with the hybrid Meissl-Molodensky modified spheroidal Stokes kernel (UNB Stokes-Helmert scheme). The accuracy of the geoid model, when compared against GSVS17 GPS/leveling, is equal to 2.9 cm. The geoid model is provided in ISG format 2.0 (ISG Format Specifications), while the file in its original data format is available at the model ISG webpage.
    Description: Other
    Description: The International Service for the Geoid (ISG) was founded in 1992 (as International Geoid Service - IGeS) and it is now an official service of the International Association of Geodesy (IAG), under the umbrella of the International Gravity Field Service (IGFS). The main activities of ISG consist in collecting, analysing and redistributing local and regional geoid models, as well as organizing international schools on the geoid determination (Reguzzoni et al., 2021).
    Keywords: Geodesy ; Geoid model ; ISG ; UNB Stokes-Helmert scheme ; Colorado experiment ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GEODETICS 〉 GEOID CHARACTERISTICS ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GRAVITY/GRAVITATIONAL FIELD 〉 GRAVITY
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  • 49
    Publication Date: 2021-11-30
    Description: Abstract
    Description: Concentrations of in-situ-produced cosmogenic 10Be in river sediment are widely used to estimate catchment-average denudation rates. Typically, the 10Be concentrations are measured in the sand fraction of river sediment. However, the grain size of bedload sediment in most bedrock rivers covers a much wider range. Where 10Be concentrations depend on grain size, denudation rate estimates based on the sand fraction alone are potentially biased. To date, knowledge about catchment attributes that may induce grain-size-dependent 10Be concentrations is incomplete or has only been investigated in modelling studies. Here we present an empirical study on the occurrence of grain-size-dependent 10Be concentrations and the potential controls of hillslope angle, precipitation, lithology, and abrasion. We first conducted a study focusing on the sole effect of precipitation in four granitic catchments located on a climate gradient in the Chilean Coastal Cordillera. We found that observed grain size dependencies of 10Be concentrations in the most-arid and most-humid catchments could be explained by the effect of precipitation on both the scouring depth of erosion processes and the depth of the mixed soil layer. Analysis of a global dataset of published 10Be concentrations in different grain sizes (n=73 catchments) – comprising catchments with contrasting hillslope angles, climate, lithology, and catchment size – revealed a similar pattern. Lower 10Be concentrations in coarse grains (defined as “negative grain size dependency”) emerge frequently in catchments which likely have thin soil and where deep-seated erosion processes (e.g. landslides) excavate grains over a larger depth interval. These catchments include steep (〉 25°) and humid catchments (〉 2000mm yr-1). Furthermore, we found that an additional cause of negative grain size dependencies may emerge in large catchments with weak lithologies and long sediment travel distances (〉 2300–7000 m, depending on lithology) where abrasion may lead to a grain size distribution that is not representative for the entire catchment. The results of this study can be used to evaluate whether catchment-average denudation rates are likely to be biased in particular catchments.Samples from the Chilean Coastal Cordillera were processed in the Helmholtz Laboratory for the Geochemistry of the Earth Surface (HELGES). 10Be/9Be ratios were measured at the University of Cologne and normalized to the KN01-6-2 and KN01-5-3 standards. Denudation rates were calculated using a time-independent scaling scheme according to Lal (1991) and Stone (2002) (St scaling scheme) and the SLHL production rate of 4.01 at g-1 yr-1 as reported by Phillips et al. (2016)The global compilation exists of studies that measured 10Be concentrations in different grain sizes from the same sample location. We only included river basins of 〈5000 km2 which measured 10Be concentrations in at least one sand-sized fraction 〈2 mm and at least one coarser fraction 〉2 mm. Catchment parameters have been recalculated using a 90-m SRTM DEM.The data are presented in Excel and csv tables. Table S1 describes the characteristics of the samples catchments, Table S2 includes the grain size dependent 10Be-concentrations measured during this study and Table 3 the global compilation of grain size dependent 10Be-concentrations. All samples of this study (the Chilean Coastal Cordillera) are assigned with International Geo Sample Numbers (IGSN). The IGSN links are included in Table S2 and in the Related References Section on the DOI Landing Page. The data are described in detail in the data description file and in van Dongen et al. (2018) to which they are supplementary material to.
    Keywords: Denudation ; Grain size dependent 10Be-concentrations ; Chile ; Coastal Cordillera ; Global compilation ; Cosmogenic 10Be ; Cosmogenic nuclides ; chemical element 〉 element of group II (alkaline earth metals) 〉 beryllium ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GEOMORPHIC LANDFORMS/PROCESSES 〉 FLUVIAL PROCESSES 〉 ABRASION ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 ROCKS/MINERALS/CRYSTALS 〉 BEDROCK LITHOLOGY ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 LAND SURFACE 〉 EROSION/SEDIMENTATION 〉 LANDSLIDES ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 LAND SURFACE 〉 EROSION/SEDIMENTATION 〉 WEATHERING ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 LAND SURFACE 〉 EROSION/SEDIMENTATION 〉 SEDIMENT TRANSPORT ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 LAND SURFACE 〉 EROSION/SEDIMENTATION 〉 EROSION
    Type: Dataset
    Format: 4 Files
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  • 50
    Publication Date: 2021-12-03
    Description: Abstract
    Description: The data collection presented here is the data inventory of the VARved sediments DAtabase (VARDA) in version 1.3. VARDA is freely accessible and was created to assess outputs from climate models with high-resolution terrestrial palaeoclimatic proxies. All data were collected as raw data from freely available online sources, either from online data repositories (Pangaea, NOAA, and Neotoma) or data archives within the supplementary materials section of online publications. The current data collection consists of meta information and datasets from 95 lake archives. The data is stored in JSON and CSV format. All datasets are stored as individual files (JSON and CSV). Each dataset consists of samples for either i) chronologies; ii) radiocarbon data; iii) tephra layer; or iv) varve thickness data. Meta-information for each dataset is summarized in one csv and seven JSON files. Additional paleoclimate proxy data will be provided in forthcoming updates of VARDA. The data collection of VARDA Version 1.3 is provided as an archive (.tar.gz) with the following files/folders. Overview lists with categories, cores, countries, datasets, lakes and publications included in VARDA. Each item in the lists is cross-referenced with the other files via its $ref property which includes the corresponding list index or the dataset's UUID (from the VARDA database). The data points themselves are provided in the "records" folder and named with each dataset's UUID respectively. For more information on the data structure please read the "index.html" file included in the archive and available on the DOI landing page. VERSION HISTORY: 26 July 2020: release of Version 1.3: 1. Fix issues with chronologies in the export 2. Provide recalculated machine readable error estimates 3. Correct some metadata values (e.g. core labels) 5 March 2020: release of Version 1.1 1. Added fields: "distributor" - Field containing name of data distributor "url" - Field containing DOIs and URLs, which lead to the original data publications 2. Correction of publication DOIs in 9 cases The version 1.0 is available in the "previous-versions" subfolder via the Data Download link. The index file is unchanged.
    Keywords: Varda ; varves ; compound material 〉 sedimentary material ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 PALEOCLIMATE 〉 LAND RECORDS 〉 VOLCANIC DEPOSITS ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 PALEOCLIMATE 〉 OCEAN/LAKE RECORDS 〉 RADIOCARBON ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 PALEOCLIMATE 〉 OCEAN/LAKE RECORDS 〉 SEDIMENTS ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 PALEOCLIMATE 〉 OCEAN/LAKE RECORDS 〉 STRATIGRAPHIC SEQUENCE ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 PALEOCLIMATE 〉 OCEAN/LAKE RECORDS 〉 VARVE DEPOSITS ; environment 〉 natural environment 〉 aquatic environment ; environment 〉 natural environment 〉 terrestrial environment ; In Situ/Laboratory Instruments 〉 Corers 〉 SEDIMENT CORERS ; Phanerozoic 〉 Cenozoic 〉 Quaternary 〉 Holocene ; Phanerozoic 〉 Cenozoic 〉 Quaternary 〉 Pleistocene 〉 Late/Upper Pleistocene ; science 〉 natural science 〉 earth science 〉 geology ; science 〉 natural science 〉 earth science 〉 sedimentology
    Type: Dataset , Dataset
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  • 51
    Publication Date: 2021-12-08
    Description: Abstract
    Description: The ColSRBF-DGFI2019 gravimetric quasi-geoid model has been computed by the Deutsches Geodätisches Forschungsinstitut (DGFI), Technical University of Munich (TUM). It has been worked out in the frame of the International Association of Geodesy Joint Working Group 2.2.2 "The 1 cm geoid experiment" and the so called "Colorado experiment". The area covered by the model is 251°E ≤ longitude ≤ 257°E, 36°N ≤ latitude ≤ 39°N with a grid spacing of 1' in both latitude and in longitude. Input data include terrestrial and airborne gravity observations, both used with their original observation sites. The computation method is based on spherical radial basis functions (SRBFs), using the Shannon function and the Cubic Polynomial (CuP) function for the terrestrial and airborne data, respectively. The computation is performed in the framework of a remove-compute-restore procedure, taking XGM2016 as global gravity model and Earth2014 / ERTM2160 for the topographic gravity effects. The terrestrial and airborne observations are combined within a parameter estimation procedure, and the relative weight between these two types of observations are determined by the method of variance component estimation (VCE). The accuracy of the quasi-geoid model, when compared against GSVS17 GPS/leveling, is equal to 2.9 cm. The geoid model is provided in ISG format 2.0 (ISG Format Specifications), while the file in its original data format is available at the model ISG webpage.
    Description: Other
    Description: The International Service for the Geoid (ISG) was founded in 1992 (as International Geoid Service - IGeS) and it is now an official service of the International Association of Geodesy (IAG), under the umbrella of the International Gravity Field Service (IGFS). The main activities of ISG consist in collecting, analysing and redistributing local and regional geoid models, as well as organizing international schools on the geoid determination (Reguzzoni et al., 2021).
    Keywords: Geodesy ; Geoid model ; ISG ; Spherical radial basis functions ; Colorado experiment ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GEODETICS 〉 GEOID CHARACTERISTICS ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GRAVITY/GRAVITATIONAL FIELD 〉 GRAVITY
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  • 52
    Publication Date: 2021-12-20
    Description: Abstract
    Description: The ColFFTWG-Curtin2019 gravimetric geoid model has been computed by the Curtin University, Perth, Australia. It has been worked out in the frame of the International Association of Geodesy Joint Working Group 2.2.2 "The 1 cm geoid experiment" and the so called "Colorado experiment". The area covered by the model is 250°E ≤ longitude ≤ 258°E, 35°N ≤ latitude ≤ 40°N with a grid spacing of 1' in both latitude and in longitude. Terrestrial and airborne free-air gravity anomalies were reduced by subtraction of gravity anomalies from the GO_CONS_GCF_2_DIR_R6 global gravity model (for pre-processing of the gravity data only) and a topographic correction based on the SRTM 3″ v4.1 model. These reduced data were simultaneously gridded by application of 3D least-squares collocation (LSC) with planar logarithmic covariance function, and then converted to Faye anomalies. The quasi-geoid computation was then computed with a remove-compute-restore technique, for which the xGEOID17RefB global gravity model was used. The 1D-FFT integration with Wong-Gore modified Stokes kernel was applied, where optimal modification parameters were determined from comparison to GPS-levelling data. The classical formula by Heiskanen and Moritz (1967) was used for the geoid/quasi-geoid separation. The accuracy of the geoid model, when compared against GSVS17 GPS/leveling, is equal to 4.1 cm. The geoid model is provided in ISG format 2.0 (ISG Format Specifications), while the file in its original data format is available at the model ISG webpage.
    Description: Other
    Description: The International Service for the Geoid (ISG) was founded in 1992 (as International Geoid Service - IGeS) and it is now an official service of the International Association of Geodesy (IAG), under the umbrella of the International Gravity Field Service (IGFS). The main activities of ISG consist in collecting, analysing and redistributing local and regional geoid models, as well as organizing international schools on the geoid determination (Reguzzoni et al., 2021).
    Keywords: Geodesy ; Geoid model ; ISG ; Fast Fourier Transform ; Wong-Gore Stokes kernel modification ; Colorado experiment ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GEODETICS 〉 GEOID CHARACTERISTICS ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GRAVITY/GRAVITATIONAL FIELD 〉 GRAVITY
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  • 53
    Publication Date: 2021-12-20
    Description: Abstract
    Description: The ColFFTWG-Curtin2019 gravimetric quasi-geoid model has been computed by the Curtin University, Perth, Australia. It has been worked out in the frame of the International Association of Geodesy Joint Working Group 2.2.2 "The 1 cm geoid experiment" and the so called "Colorado experiment". The area covered by the model is 250°E ≤ longitude ≤ 258°E, 35°N ≤ latitude ≤ 40°N with a grid spacing of 1' in both latitude and in longitude. Terrestrial and airborne free-air gravity anomalies were reduced by subtraction of gravity anomalies from the GO_CONS_GCF_2_DIR_R6 global gravity model (for pre-processing of the gravity data only) and a topographic correction based on the SRTM 3″ v4.1 model. These reduced data were simultaneously gridded by application of 3D least-squares collocation (LSC) with planar logarithmic covariance function, and then converted to Faye anomalies. The quasi-geoid computation was then computed with a remove-compute-restore technique, for which the xGEOID17RefB global gravity model was used. The 1D-FFT integration with Wong-Gore modified Stokes kernel was applied, where optimal modification parameters were determined from comparison to GPS-levelling data. The accuracy of the quasi-geoid model, when compared against GSVS17 GPS/leveling, is equal to 3.2 cm. The geoid model is provided in ISG format 2.0 (ISG Format Specifications), while the file in its original data format is available at the model ISG webpage.
    Description: Other
    Description: The International Service for the Geoid (ISG) was founded in 1992 (as International Geoid Service - IGeS) and it is now an official service of the International Association of Geodesy (IAG), under the umbrella of the International Gravity Field Service (IGFS). The main activities of ISG consist in collecting, analysing and redistributing local and regional geoid models, as well as organizing international schools on the geoid determination (Reguzzoni et al., 2021).
    Keywords: Geodesy ; Geoid model ; ISG ; Fast Fourier Transform ; Wong-Gore Stokes kernel modification ; Colorado experiment ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GEODETICS 〉 GEOID CHARACTERISTICS ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GRAVITY/GRAVITATIONAL FIELD 〉 GRAVITY
    Type: Dataset , Dataset
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  • 54
    Publication Date: 2022-01-17
    Description: Abstract
    Description: The data set provides GFZ VER11 orbits of altimetry satellitesERS-1 (August 1, 1991 - July 5, 1996),ERS-2 (May 13, 1995 - February 27, 2006),Envisat (April 12, 2002 - April 8, 2012),Jason-1 (January 13, 2002 - July 5, 2013) andJason-2 (July 5, 2008 - April 5, 2015)TOPEX/Poseidon (September 23, 1992 - October 8, 2005),derived at the time spans given at Helmholtz Centre Potsdam GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences within the Sea Level phase 2 project of the European Space Agency (ESA) Climate Change Initiative using "Earth Parameter and Orbit System - Orbit Computation (EPOS-OC)" software and the Altimeter Database and processing System (ADS, http://adsc.gfz-potsdam.de/ads/) developed at GFZ. The orbits were computed in the same (ITRF2008) terrestrial reference frame for all satellites using common, most precise models and standards available and described below.The ERS-1 orbit is computed using satellite laser ranging (SLR) and altimeter crossover data, while the ERS-2 orbit is derived using additionally Precise Range And Range-rate Equipment (PRARE) measurements. The Envisat, TOPEX/Poseidon, Jason-1 and Jason-2 orbits are based on Doppler Orbitography and Radiopositioning Integrated by Satellite (DORIS) and SLR observations.The orbit files are available in the Extended Standard Product 3 Orbit Format (SP3-c, ftp://igscb.jpl.nasa.gov/igscb/data/format/sp3c.txt) Files are gzip-compressed. File names are given as sate_YYYYMMDD_SP3C.gz, where "sate" is the abbreviation (ENVI, ERS1, ERS2, JAS1, JAS2, TOPX) of the satellite name, YYYY stands for 4-digit year, MM stands for month and DD stands for day of the beginning of the file.More details on these orbits are provided in Rudenko et al. (2017)
    Keywords: Jason-1 ; Jason-2 ; ERS-1 ; ERS-2 ; Envisat ; ESA CCI Sea Level ; Altimetry satellite ; Low Earth Orbit satellites ; sea level ; TOPEX/POSEIDON ; ITRF2008 ; Earth Remote Sensing Instruments 〉 Active Remote Sensing 〉 Altimeters 〉 Radar Altimeters ; equipment 〉 artificial satellite 〉 observation satellite ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GRAVITY/GRAVITATIONAL FIELD 〉 SATELLITE ORBITS/REVOLUTION 〉 ORBITAL POSITION ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 OCEANS 〉 SEA SURFACE TOPOGRAPHY 〉 SEA SURFACE HEIGHT
    Language: English
    Type: Dataset
    Format: 6 Files
    Format: application/octet-stream
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  • 55
    Publication Date: 2022-01-17
    Description: Abstract
    Description: The data set provides GFZ VER13 orbits of altimetry satellites:ERS-1 (August 1, 1991 - July 5, 1996),ERS-2 (May 13, 1995 - February 27, 2006),Envisat (April 12, 2002 - April 8, 2012),TOPEX/Poseidon (September 23, 1992 - October 8, 2005),Jason-1 (January 13, 2002 - July 5, 2013) andJason-2 (July 5, 2008 - April 5, 2015)derived at the time spans given at the GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences (Potsdam, Germany) within the Sea Level phase 2 project of the European Space Agency (ESA) Climate Change Initiative using "Earth Parameter and Orbit System - Orbit Computation (EPOS-OC)" software (Zhu et al., 2004) and the Altimeter Database and processing System (ADS, http://adsc.gfz-potsdam.de/ads/) developed at GFZ. The orbits were computed in the ITRF2014 terrestrial reference frame for all satellites using common, most precise models and standards available and described below.The ERS-1 orbit is computed using satellite laser ranging (SLR) and altimeter crossover data, while the ERS-2 orbit is derived using additionally Precise Range And Range-rate Equipment (PRARE) measurements. The Envisat, TOPEX/Poseidon, Jason-1, and Jason-2 orbits are based on Doppler Orbitography and Radiopositioning Integrated by Satellite (DORIS) and SLR observations. For Envisat, altimeter crossover data were used additionally at 44 of 764 orbital arcs with gaps in SLR and DORIS data.The orbit files are available in the Extended Standard Product 3 Orbit Format (SP3-c). Files are gzip-compressed. File names are given as sate_YYYYMMDD_SP3C.gz, where "sate" is the abbreviation (ENVI, ERS1, ERS2, JAS1, JAS2, TOPX) of the satellite name, YYYY stands for 4-digit year, MM for month and DD for day of the beginning of the file. More details on these orbits are provided in Rudenko et al. (2018) to which these orbits are supplementary material.
    Keywords: Altimetry satellite ; Low Earth Orbit satellites ; ESA CCI Sea Level ; sea level ; ITRF2014 ; ERS-1 ; ERS-2 ; Envisat ; TOPEX/Poseidon ; Jason-1 ; Jason-2 ; Orbit ; Earth Observation Satellites 〉 ENVISAT ; Earth Observation Satellites 〉 OSTM/JASON-2 ; Earth Observation Satellites 〉 TOPEX/POSEIDON ; Earth Observation Satellites 〉 JASON-1 ; Earth Observation Satellites 〉 ERS Earth Resource Satellite 〉 ERS-2 ; Earth Observation Satellites 〉 ERS Earth Resource Satellite 〉 ERS-1 ; Earth Remote Sensing Instruments 〉 Active Remote Sensing 〉 Altimeters 〉 Radar Altimeters ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GRAVITY/GRAVITATIONAL FIELD 〉 SATELLITE ORBITS/REVOLUTION 〉 ORBITAL POSITION ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 OCEANS 〉 SEA SURFACE TOPOGRAPHY 〉 SEA SURFACE HEIGHT
    Language: English
    Type: Dataset
    Format: 1 Files
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  • 56
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    GFZ Data Services
    Publication Date: 2022-02-17
    Description: Abstract
    Description: This code is a python implementation of the p- and s-wave velocity to density conversion approach after Goes et al. (2000). The implementation has been optimised for regular 3D grids using lookup tables instead of Newton iterations.Goes et al. (2000) regard the expansion coefficient as temperature dependent using the relation by Saxena and Shen (1992). In `Conversion.py`, the user can additionally choose between a constant expansion coefficient or a pressure- and temperature dependent coefficient that was derived from Hacker and Abers (2004).For detailed information on the physics behind the approach have a look at the original paper by Goes et al. (2000). Up-to-date contact information are given on the author's github profile https://github.com/cmeessen.
    Keywords: seismology ; geophysics ; geoscience ; conversion ; upper mantle ; temperature ; density ; seismic velocity
    Type: Software
    Format: 2135347 Bytes
    Format: 4 Files
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  • 57
    Publication Date: 2022-03-04
    Description: Abstract
    Description: The Integrated Geophysical Exploration Technologies for Deep Fractured Geothermal Systems project (I-GET) was aimed at developing an innovative strategy for geophysical exploration, particularly to exploit the full potential of seismic and electromagnetic exploration methods in detecting permeable zones and fluid bearing fractures.The proposed geothermal exploration approach was applied in selected European geothermal systems with different geological and thermodynamic reservoir characteristics: in Italy (high enthalpy reservoir in metamorphic rocks), in Iceland (high enthalpy reservoir in volcanic rocks) and in Germany and Poland (low to middle enthalpy reservoir in sedimentary rocks).The Groß Schönebeck in-situ geothermal laboratory, located 40 km north of Berlin in northeastern Germany, is a key site for testing the geothermal potential of deep sedimentary basins. The target reservoir is located in Lower Permian sandstones and volcanic strata, which host deep aquifers throughout the Northeast German Basin (NEGB). The laboratory consists of two 4.3-km-deep boreholes.The electrical conductivity of the subsurface is a very important parameter for characterizing geothermal systems as hot and mineralized (saline) fluids of deep aquifers can be imaged as regions of high electrical conductivity. In the first phase of the I-GET project, carried out in summer 2006, MT data was recorded at 55 stations along a 40-km long profile. In order to reduce the effect of the cultural noise, 4 remote reference stations located at distances of about 100 km from the profile were used. This profile is spatially coincident with a seismic tomography profile (Bauer et al., 2010). The main objective of the geophysical site characterization experiments was to derive combined electrical conductivity and P- and S-velocity tomographic models for a joint interpretation in high resolution.The data are provided in EMERALD format (Ritter et al., 2015). The folder structure and content is described in detail in Ritter et al., 2019. The project specific description is available in the associated data description file including information on the experimental setup and data collection, the instrumentation, recording configuration and data processing. Scientific outcomes of this project were published by Muñoz et al., (2010a, 2010b).
    Keywords: Electrical Properties ; Magnetotellurics ; Geothermal Energy ; Low Enthalpy ; North Eastern German Basin ; GIPP-MT ; Groß Schönebeck ; In Situ/Laboratory Instruments 〉 Probes ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GEOMAGNETISM 〉 MAGNETIC FIELD 〉 GEOMAGNETIC INDUCTION
    Type: Dataset
    Format: 1 Files
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  • 58
    Publication Date: 2022-03-08
    Description: Abstract
    Description: The profile 9N was recorded in 1988 as part of the DEKORP project, the German deep seismic reflection program. The seismic survey of the ca. 92-km long line 9N was conducted to investigate the deep crustal structure of the northern Upper Rhine Graben with high-fold near-vertical incidence vibroseis acquisition. The objectives of the survey were to delineate the geometry of the major faults, which control the graben subsidence, to map the geometry of deep crustal reflection patterns and to reveal variations of the seismic signature of the lower crust in the context of rift formation. The first results were discussed by Wenzel et al. (1991), summarized by Brun et al. (1992) and supplemented by many other researches. Since the Eocene the Upper Rhine Graben has represented an active rift system. It obliquely intersects the Saxothuringian and the Moldanubian domains, which are separated by the NW vergent and dextrally sheared Lalaye‐Lubine‐Baden‐Baden fault. In the northern Vosges and Black Forest massifs the shear zone is characterized by low-grade Devonian metasediments. The profile starts in the crystalline Odenwald in the east, intersects the Tertiary and Quaternary fill of the Rhine Graben and ends in the late Palaeozoic sequences of the Saar-Nahe Basin in the west, where it crosses the Permian rhyolitic Donnersberg intrusion. The profile 1C creates a continuation of the survey to the west. The seismic section of 9N shows different crustal structures on both sides of the graben and some indications of dipping reflections in the mantle on the western side, which could refer to the genesis of the Upper Rhine Graben.
    Description: Other
    Description: The German Continental Seismic Reflection Program DEKORP (DEutsches KOntinentales Reflexionsseismisches Programm) was carried out between 1984 – 1999 as the German national reflection seismic program funded by the Federal Ministry of Research and Technology (BMFT), Bonn [now: the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF)]. DEKORP was administrated by the former Geological Survey of Lower Saxony (NLfB), Hannover [now: the State Authority for Mining, Energy and Geology (LBEG)]. In 1994 the DEKORP management was taken over by the Helmholtz Centre Potsdam GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences. The aim of DEKORP was to investigate the deep crustal structure of Germany with high-resolution near-vertical incidence (mostly vibro)seismic acquisition, supplemented by wide-angle seismic and other target-oriented piggy-back experiments, all complemented by optimized methods of data processing and interpretation. The DEKORP project was closely linked with the KTB (German continental deep-drilling program) and was an equivalent to many other deep-seismic programs world-wide such as COCORP, BIRPS, LITHOPROBE, ECORS, CROP, BELCORP, IBERSEIS and many more. The DEKORP-Atlas (Meissner & Bortfeld, 1990) gives a detailed overview about most of the different campaigns and results. In sum, the resulting DEKORP database includes approximately 40 crustal-scale 2D-seismic reflection lines covering a total of ca. 4 700 km and one 3D-seismic reflection survey covering ca. 400 km². Each DEKORP survey is provided with all datasets that are necessary for either a re-processing (i.e. raw unstacked field records in SEGY) or a re-interpretation (i.e. finally processed sections in SEGY or PNG). The raw data are sorted by records or by CDPs. The final data are available as unmigrated or migrated stacks without or with coherency enhancement. Automatical line-drawings are also included. All data come with additional meta information for each domain (source, receiver, CDP) like coordinates, elevations, locations and static corrections combined in ASCII-tables for geometry assignment. Furthermore, all metadata originating from paper copies are made available as scanned files in PNG or PDF, e.g. field and observer reports, location maps in different scales, near-surface profile headers and others. The DEKORP datasets provide unique and deep insights into the subsurface below Germany covering the earth’s crust from the surface to the upper mantle and are increasingly requested by academic institutions and commercial companies. Fields of applications are geothermal development, hazard analysis, hydrocarbon/shale gas exploration, underground gas storage, tunnel construction and much more.
    Keywords: deep crustal structure ; crustal-scale seismic survey ; near-vertical incidence seismic reflection ; Vibroseis acquisition ; Northern Upper Rhine Graben ; Variscan orogenic belts ; Odenwald ; Saar-Nahe Basin ; rift system ; Mohorovičić discontinuity ; sedimentary graben fill ; geothermal resources ; seismic risks ; DEKORP ; Deutsches Kontinentales Reflexionsseismisches Programm ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS 〉 EARTHQUAKES 〉 SEISMIC PROFILE ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS 〉 PLATE TECTONICS ; In Situ/Laboratory Instruments 〉 Profilers/Sounders 〉 SEISMIC REFLECTION PROFILERS ; lithosphere 〉 earth's crust
    Type: Dataset , Dataset
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  • 59
    Publication Date: 2022-03-11
    Description: Abstract
    Description: This data collection contains airborne hyperspectral data as well as accompanying in-situ data acquired in autumn 2011 in the Neusling test area near Landau a.d. Isar in Southern Germany. The dataset is composed of a) three airborne hyperspectral image strips acquired during an overflight on September 10th, 2011 with the APEX instrument. The airborne data consists of 288 spectral bands, ranging from VIS to SWIR (413 - 2449 nm). A mosaic of the three image strips covering the Neusling test area is also provided; b) spectral reference and control measurements acquired with a portable ASD FieldSpec 3 JR spectroradiometer in 2150 spectral bands (350 - 2500nm) taken parallel to the overflight; c) a spatially comprehensive land use/land cover map generated from in-situ observations during the days next to the overflight; d) Flight-parallel in-situ point-measurements consisting of: i) non-destructively measured leaf area index of sugar beet, maize, grassland and legumes (105 measurements incl. standard deviations), ii) SPAD chlorophyll measurements (106 measurements incl. standard deviations), iii) 106 measurements of canopy height (incl. standard deviations). The dataset was collected with an agricultural focus.
    Description: Other
    Description: The Environmental Mapping and Analysis Program (EnMAP) is a German hyperspectral satellite mission that aims at monitoring and characterizing the Earth’s environment on a global scale. EnMAP serves to measure and model key dynamic processes of the Earth’s ecosystems by extracting geochemical, biochemical and biophysical parameters, which provide information on the status and evolution of various terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. In the frame of the EnMAP preparatory phase, pre-flight campaigns including airborne and in-situ measurements in different environments and for several application fields are being conducted. The main purpose of these campaigns is to support the development of scientific applications for EnMAP. In addition, the acquired data are input in the EnMAP end-to-end simulation tool (EeteS) and are employed to test data pre-processing and calibration-validation methods. The campaign data are made freely available to the scientific community under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. An overview of all available data is provided in in the EnMAP Flight Campaigns Metadata Portal http://www.enmap.org/?q=flights.
    Keywords: Hyperspectral Imagery ; Field Spectroscopy ; Agriculture ; LAI
    Language: English
    Type: Dataset , Dataset
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  • 60
    Publication Date: 2022-03-11
    Description: Abstract
    Description: This data collection contains airborne hyperspectral data as well as accompanying in-situ data acquired in autumn 2009 in the Neusling test area near Landau a.d. Isar in Southern Germany. The dataset is composed of a) two airborne hyperspectral image strips acquired during an overflight on July 27th, 2009 with the HyMap instrument over two areas; “Neusling” and “Steinbeissen”. The airborne data consists of 125 spectral bands, ranging from VIS to SWIR (455 - 2478 nm); b) spectral reference measurements acquired with a portable ASD FieldSpec 3 JR spectroradiometer in 2150 spectral bands (350 - 2500nm) taken parallel to the overflight; c) spatially comprehensive land use/land cover maps for both flight strips generated from in-situ observations during the days next to the overflight; d) Flight-parallel in-situ point-measurements consisting of: i) destructively measured aboveground dry biomass and canopy water content of maize, sugar beet and winter wheat (58 measurements), ii) non-destructive measurements of LAI of sugar beet and maize (52 measurements), iii) TDR soil moisture measurements covering the main land cover types in the area (250 measurements), iv) 249 measurements of canopy height, v) 199 observations of plant phenology. The dataset was intended to be used in an educational context and was collected with an agricultural focus.
    Description: Other
    Description: The Environmental Mapping and Analysis Program (EnMAP) is a German hyperspectral satellite mission that aims at monitoring and characterizing the Earth’s environment on a global scale. EnMAP serves to measure and model key dynamic processes of the Earth’s ecosystems by extracting geochemical, biochemical and biophysical parameters, which provide information on the status and evolution of various terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. In the frame of the EnMAP preparatory phase, pre-flight campaigns including airborne and in-situ measurements in different environments and for several application fields are being conducted. The main purpose of these campaigns is to support the development of scientific applications for EnMAP. In addition, the acquired data are input in the EnMAP end-to-end simulation tool (EeteS) and are employed to test data pre-processing and calibration-validation methods. The campaign data are made freely available to the scientific community under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. An overview of all available data is provided in in the EnMAP Flight Campaigns Metadata Portal http://www.enmap.org/?q=flights.
    Keywords: Hyperspectral Imagery ; Field Spectroscopy ; Agriculture ; Biomass ; Canopy Water Content ; LAI
    Language: English
    Type: Dataset , Dataset
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  • 61
    Publication Date: 2022-03-11
    Description: Abstract
    Description: This data collection contains a multitemporal series of six airborne hyperspectral image mosaics acquired during the growing season of 2012 over the Neusling test area near Landau a.d. Isar in Southern Germany. The airborne hyperspectral data is complemented by accompanying in-situ data acquired parallel to the overflights. The dataset is composed of a) four airborne hyperspectral image mosaics acquired during overflights on April 28th 2012, May 25th 2012, June 16th 2012 and September 8th 2012 with the AVIS-3 imaging spectrometer. The AVIS data consists of 197 spectral bands, ranging from VIS to SWIR (477 - 1704 nm); b) two airborne hyperspectral image mosaics acquired during overflights, which were conducted by the DLR user service OpAiRS (www.dlr.de/opairs) on May 8th 2012 and August 14th 2012 with a HySpex imaging spectrometer. The HySpex data consists of 332 spectral bands, ranging from VIS to SWIR (417 - 2496 nm); c) spatially comprehensive land use/land cover maps generated from in-situ observations for two time-windows during the growing season of 2012 (May and August); d) Flight-parallel in-situ point-measurements consisting of: i) non-destructively measured leaf area index of winter wheat, winter barley, sugar beet, maize and rapeseed (561 measurements incl. standard deviations), ii) SPAD chlorophyll measurements (522 measurements incl. standard deviations), iii) 557 soil moisture measurements incl. standard deviations iv) 539 phenological observations v) 499 measurements of canopy height incl. standard deviations and vi) 38 measurements of plant density. The dataset was collected in order to cover the seasonal dynamics in the development of agricultural crops in Southern Germany.Erratum: Correct Acquisition date of the second HySpex flight was August 14th 2012, not August 12th 2012.
    Description: Other
    Description: The Environmental Mapping and Analysis Program (EnMAP) is a German hyperspectral satellite mission that aims at monitoring and characterizing the Earth’s environment on a global scale. EnMAP serves to measure and model key dynamic processes of the Earth’s ecosystems by extracting geochemical, biochemical and biophysical parameters, which provide information on the status and evolution of various terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. In the frame of the EnMAP preparatory phase, pre-flight campaigns including airborne and in-situ measurements in different environments and for several application fields are being conducted. The main purpose of these campaigns is to support the development of scientific applications for EnMAP. In addition, the acquired data are input in the EnMAP end-to-end simulation tool (EeteS) and are employed to test data pre-processing and calibration-validation methods. The campaign data are made freely available to the scientific community under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. An overview of all available data is provided in in the EnMAP Flight Campaigns Metadata Portal http://www.enmap.org/?q=flights.
    Keywords: Hyperspectral Imagery ; Field Spectroscopy ; Agriculture ; LAI
    Language: English
    Type: Dataset , Dataset
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  • 62
    Publication Date: 2022-03-11
    Description: Abstract
    Description: Time series of processed, cleaned attitude readings in quaternion format of the two boom-mounted 'ASC' star sensors of the 'LEO' satellite 'CHAMP', describing the satellite system attitude in respect to the celestial background. The nominal time resolution of the time series in the 'ASCII'-file listing is 1 Hz.The full product and format descriptions are provided in the associated Scientific Technical Report - Data 19/10 (GFZ Section 2.3, 2019. http://doi.org/10.2312/GFZ.b103-19104).
    Description: Other
    Description: CHAMP (CHAllenging Minisatellite Payload) was a German small satellite mission for geoscientific and atmospheric research and applications, managed by GFZ . With its highly precise, multifunctional and complementary payload elements (Overhauser scalar magnetometer (OVM) and Fluxgate vector magnetometer (FGM), accelerometer, star sensor (ASC), GPS receiver, laser retro reflector, ion drift meter) and its orbit characteristics (near polar, low altitude, long duration) CHAMP generated highly precise gravity and magnetic field measurements simultaneously for the first time and over a 10 years period. CHAMP launched by a Russian COSMOS launch vehicle on July 15, 2000 and an initial altitude of 454 km. The mission ended on September 19, 2010, after ten years, two month and four days, or after 58277 orbits.
    Keywords: CHAMP ; ASC ; star sensor ; Earth Observation Satellites 〉 CHAMP ; Earth Remote Sensing Instruments 〉 Passive Remote Sensing 〉 Positioning/Navigation 〉 ACS ; Earth Remote Sensing Instruments 〉 Passive Remote Sensing 〉 Magnetic Field/Electric Field Instruments 〉 MAGNETOMETERS ; Solar/Space Observing Instruments 〉 Magnetic Field/Electric Field Instruments 〉 FGM ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GEOMAGNETISM 〉 MAGNETIC FIELD
    Type: Dataset
    Format: 1 Files
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  • 63
    Publication Date: 2022-03-11
    Description: Abstract
    Description: The dataset is composed of a) hyperspectral imagery acquired during airplane overflights on August 7th, 2008 and August 20th, 2009 consisting of 126 and 125 spectral bands, respectively, ranging from VIS to SWIR (456 - 2490 nm and 453 - 2480 nm) wavelength regions; b) spectral reference measurements acquired with an portable ASD field spectroradiometer in 2150 spectral bands (350 - 2500nm) in the same phenological periods of July/August/September 2008/09 c) plant species assemblages on 81 moist and 72 dry habitats consisting of the fractional cover of all vascular plants, mosses and lichens. The overall goal of the study was to map plant species shift along environmental gradients relating spectral information to the floristic composition. Reference plots of 1 or 2 m² size were thereby located in typical plant communities as well as in transition zones affected by species shift due to management measures such as grazing or shrub removal. In addition 17 field plots were analyzed with regard to soil horizon parameter (e.g. pH, grain size, carbonate content) in the year 2011. Soil types are further available on 51 auger probes.
    Description: Other
    Description: The Environmental Mapping and Analysis Program (EnMAP) is a German hyperspectral satellite mission that aims at monitoring and characterizing the Earth’s environment on a global scale. EnMAP serves to measure and model key dynamic processes of the Earth’s ecosystems by extracting geochemical, biochemical and biophysical parameters, which provide information on the status and evolution of various terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. In the frame of the EnMAP preparatory phase, pre-flight campaigns including airborne and in-situ measurements in different environments and for several application fields are being conducted. The main purpose of these campaigns is to support the development of scientific applications for EnMAP. In addition, the acquired data are input in the EnMAP end-to-end simulation tool (EeteS) and are employed to test data pre-processing and calibration-validation methods. The campaign data are made freely available to the scientific community under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. An overview of all available data is provided in in the EnMAP Flight Campaigns Metadata Portal http://www.enmap.org/?q=flights.
    Keywords: Imaging Spectroscopy ; Vegetation Ecology ; Environmental Gradients
    Language: English
    Type: Dataset , Dataset
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  • 64
    Publication Date: 2022-03-11
    Description: Abstract
    Description: This data collection contains a multitemporal series of six airborne hyperspectral image mosaics acquired during the growing season of 2012 over the Neusling test area near Landau a.d. Isar in Southern Germany. The airborne hyperspectral data is complemented by accompanying in-situ data acquired parallel to the overflights. The dataset is composed of a) four airborne hyperspectral image mosaics acquired during overflights on April 28th 2012, May 25th 2012, June 16th 2012 and September 8th 2012 with the AVIS-3 imaging spectrometer. The AVIS data consists of 197 spectral bands, ranging from VIS to SWIR (477 - 1704 nm); b) two airborne hyperspectral image mosaics acquired during overflights, which were conducted by the DLR user service OpAiRS (www.dlr.de/opairs) on May 8th 2012 and August 14th 2012 with a HySpex imaging spectrometer. The HySpex data consists of 332 spectral bands, ranging from VIS to SWIR (417 - 2496 nm); c) spatially comprehensive land use/land cover maps generated from in-situ observations for two time-windows during the growing season of 2012 (May and August); d) Flight-parallel in-situ point-measurements consisting of: i) non-destructively measured leaf area index of winter wheat, winter barley, sugar beet, maize and rapeseed (561 measurements incl. standard deviations), ii) SPAD chlorophyll measurements (522 measurements incl. standard deviations), iii) 557 soil moisture measurements incl. standard deviations iv) 539 phenological observations v) 499 measurements of canopy height incl. standard deviations and vi) 38 measurements of plant density. The dataset was collected in order to cover the seasonal dynamics in the development of agricultural crops in Southern Germany.Version History: Correct Acquisition date of the second HySpex flight was August 14th 2012, not August 12th 2012.
    Description: Other
    Description: The Environmental Mapping and Analysis Program (EnMAP) is a German hyperspectral satellite mission that aims at monitoring and characterizing the Earth’s environment on a global scale. EnMAP serves to measure and model key dynamic processes of the Earth’s ecosystems by extracting geochemical, biochemical and biophysical parameters, which provide information on the status and evolution of various terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. In the frame of the EnMAP preparatory phase, pre-flight campaigns including airborne and in-situ measurements in different environments and for several application fields are being conducted. The main purpose of these campaigns is to support the development of scientific applications for EnMAP. In addition, the acquired data are input in the EnMAP end-to-end simulation tool (EeteS) and are employed to test data pre-processing and calibration-validation methods. The campaign data are made freely available to the scientific community under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. An overview of all available data is provided in in the EnMAP Flight Campaigns Metadata Portal http://www.enmap.org/?q=flights.
    Keywords: Hyperspectral Imagery ; Field Spectroscopy ; Agriculture ; LAI
    Language: English
    Type: Dataset , Dataset
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  • 65
    Publication Date: 2022-03-11
    Description: Abstract
    Description: The dataset contains hyperspectral imagery acquired during airplane overflights on 3rd July 2014 consisting of 242 spectral bands, ranging from VIS to SWIR (423 - 2438 nm) wavelength regions. It covers an area of about 78 km² which is dominated by beech and oak forests. The flight campaign was part of several flight campaigns within the EnMAP project and focused on hyperspectral analysis of plant physiology in deciduous forests in the Donnersberg region in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.
    Description: Other
    Description: The Environmental Mapping and Analysis Program (EnMAP) is a German hyperspectral satellite mission that aims at monitoring and characterizing the Earth’s environment on a global scale. EnMAP serves to measure and model key dynamic processes of the Earth’s ecosystems by extracting geochemical, biochemical and biophysical parameters, which provide information on the status and evolution of various terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. In the frame of the EnMAP preparatory phase, pre-flight campaigns including airborne and in-situ measurements in different environments and for several application fields are being conducted. The main purpose of these campaigns is to support the development of scientific applications for EnMAP. In addition, the acquired data are input in the EnMAP end-to-end simulation tool (EeteS) and are employed to test data pre-processing and calibration-validation methods. The campaign data are made freely available to the scientific community under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. An overview of all available data is provided in in the EnMAP Flight Campaigns Metadata Portal http://www.enmap.org/?q=flights
    Keywords: Imaging Spectroscopy ; Vegetation Ecology ; Forest
    Language: English
    Type: Dataset , Dataset
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  • 66
    Publication Date: 2022-03-11
    Description: Abstract
    Description: This is a Level 3 data daily file product from various scientific and utility sensors on board of the `LEO' satellite 'CHAMP' with magnetic field data given by a time resolution of 1 Hz. Thise Level 3 data type is build to hold and merge finally corrected data, focusing on mature data calibration and corrections -- as well as internal consistency. This Level 3 data product is intended to supersede the various Level 2 versions with calibrated magnetic field readings from the CHAMP mission distributed hitherto and should be fitted for scientific use, assembling time series of scalar magnetic field values (but not directly readings from the scalar Overhauser sensor), vector magnetic field data from the boom-mounted Fluxgate 'FGM' sensors and attitude data from the ('ASC') boom-mounted Star Cameras. The vector data are given both in the satellite-bound sensor ('FGM') system and the Earth Centered Earth Fixed local 'NEC' (North-East-Center) system. The attitude time series, processed and cleaned, are represented by quaternions describing the satellite attitude related to the celestial system. The readings of the scalar OVM (Overhauser) absolute magnetometer at the top of the boom are not supplied directly, but were used during calibration of the vector magnetometer readings. The files with daily time coverage are in the (binary and self-describing) 'CDF' file format and accompanied, beside the generic 'CDF'-format timestamp, by the satellite's geocentric positions and utility information like quality flags.The full product and format descriptions are provided in the associated Scientific Technical Report - Data (GFZ Section 2.3, 2019. http://doi.org/10.2312/GFZ.b103-19104).
    Description: Other
    Description: CHAMP (CHAllenging Minisatellite Payload) was a German small satellite mission for geoscientific and atmospheric research and applications, managed by GFZ. With its highly precise, multifunctional and complementary payload elements (Overhauser scalar magnetometer (OVM) and Fluxgate vector magnetometer (FGM), accelerometer, star sensor (ASC), GPS receiver, laser retro reflector, ion drift meter) and its orbit characteristics (near polar, low altitude, long duration) CHAMP generated highly precise gravity and magnetic field measurements simultaneously for the first time and over a 10 years period. CHAMP launched by a Russian COSMOS launch vehicle on July 15, 2000 and an initial altitude of 454 km. The mission ended on September 19 2010 after ten years, two month and four days, or after 58277 orbits.
    Keywords: CHAMP ; magnetic field ; time series ; combined product ; level 3 ; Earth Observation Satellites 〉 CHAMP ; Earth Remote Sensing Instruments 〉 Passive Remote Sensing 〉 Positioning/Navigation 〉 ACS ; Earth Remote Sensing Instruments 〉 Passive Remote Sensing 〉 Magnetic Field/Electric Field Instruments 〉 MAGNETOMETERS ; Solar/Space Observing Instruments 〉 Magnetic Field/Electric Field Instruments 〉 FGM ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GEOMAGNETISM 〉 MAGNETIC FIELD
    Type: Dataset
    Format: 1 Files
    Format: application/octet-stream
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  • 67
    Publication Date: 2022-03-25
    Description: Abstract
    Description: The ColFFTWG-DTU2019 gravimetric quasi-geoid model has been computed by the Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Copenhagen. It has been worked out in the frame of the International Association of Geodesy Joint Working Group 2.2.2 "The 1 cm geoid experiment" and the so called "Colorado experiment". The area covered by the model is 250°E ≤ longitude ≤ 258°E, 35°N ≤ latitude ≤ 40°N with a grid spacing of 1' in both latitude and in longitude. The computation was performed by the GRAVSOFT package in the framework of a remove-compute-restore procedure. XGM2016 was used up to degree and order 360 as global gravity model, and SRTM v4.1 was used for the residual terrain reductions at 3″ resolution for both airborne and terrestrial data, computed from a 9″ mean model. The linear Prey term approximation was applied for the harmonic correction of surface gravity points below the mean elevation surface (Forsberg and Tscherning, 1981). The reduced airborne gravity data were downward continued and gridded, together with surface gravimetry, at the terrain surface using 3D Least-Squares Collocation with planar logarithmic covariance function (Forsberg, 1987). The resulting 1'x1' grid was converted to a residual quasi-geoid by spherical FFT, using a Wong-Gore modified Stokes kernel, with a low-wavelength cut-off transition band at harmonic degrees 180-190, to keep the GOCE information unchanged up to this degree. Residual terrain effects and the XGM2016 contribution were restored to obtain the final gravimetric quasi-geoid. The accuracy of the quasi-geoid model, when compared against GSVS17 GPS/leveling, is equal to 3.1 cm. The geoid model is provided in ISG format 2.0 (ISG Format Specifications), while the file in its original data format is available at the model ISG webpage.
    Description: Other
    Description: The International Service for the Geoid (ISG) was founded in 1992 (as International Geoid Service - IGeS) and it is now an official service of the International Association of Geodesy (IAG), under the umbrella of the International Gravity Field Service (IGFS). The main activities of ISG consist in collecting, analysing and redistributing local and regional geoid models, as well as organizing international schools on the geoid determination (Reguzzoni et al., 2021).
    Keywords: Geodesy ; Geoid model ; ISG ; Fast Fourier Transform ; Wong-Gore Stokes kernel modification ; Colorado experiment ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GEODETICS 〉 GEOID CHARACTERISTICS ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GRAVITY/GRAVITATIONAL FIELD 〉 GRAVITY
    Type: Dataset , Dataset
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  • 68
    Publication Date: 2022-03-25
    Description: Abstract
    Description: The ColFFTWG-DTU2019 gravimetric geoid model has been computed by the Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Copenhagen. It has been worked out in the frame of the International Association of Geodesy Joint Working Group 2.2.2 "The 1 cm geoid experiment" and the so called "Colorado experiment". The area covered by the model is 250°E ≤ longitude ≤ 258°E, 35°N ≤ latitude ≤ 40°N with a grid spacing of 1' in both latitude and in longitude. The computation was performed by the GRAVSOFT package in the framework of a remove-compute-restore procedure. XGM2016 was used up to degree and order 360 as global gravity model, and SRTM v4.1 was used for the residual terrain reductions at 3″ resolution for both airborne and terrestrial data, computed from a 9″ mean model. The linear Prey term approximation was applied for the harmonic correction of surface gravity points below the mean elevation surface (Forsberg and Tscherning, 1981). The reduced airborne gravity data were downward continued and gridded, together with surface gravimetry, at the terrain surface using 3D Least-Squares Collocation with planar logarithmic covariance function (Forsberg, 1987). The resulting 1'x1' grid was converted to a residual quasi-geoid by spherical FFT, using a Wong-Gore modified Stokes kernel, with a low-wavelength cut-off transition band at harmonic degrees 180-190, to keep the GOCE information unchanged up to this degree. Residual terrain effects and the XGM2016 contribution were restored to obtain the final gravimetric quasi-geoid, and the geoid was obtained by adding the classical separation term (Heiskanen and Moritz, 1967). The accuracy of the geoid model, when compared against GSVS17 GPS/leveling, is equal to 2.7 cm. The geoid model is provided in ISG format 2.0 (ISG Format Specifications), while the file in its original data format is available at the model ISG webpage.
    Description: Other
    Description: The International Service for the Geoid (ISG) was founded in 1992 (as International Geoid Service - IGeS) and it is now an official service of the International Association of Geodesy (IAG), under the umbrella of the International Gravity Field Service (IGFS). The main activities of ISG consist in collecting, analysing and redistributing local and regional geoid models, as well as organizing international schools on the geoid determination (Reguzzoni et al., 2021).
    Keywords: Geodesy ; Geoid model ; ISG ; Fast Fourier Transform ; Wong-Gore Stokes kernel modification ; Colorado experiment ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GEODETICS 〉 GEOID CHARACTERISTICS ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GRAVITY/GRAVITATIONAL FIELD 〉 GRAVITY
    Type: Dataset , Dataset
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  • 69
    Publication Date: 2022-03-27
    Description: Abstract
    Description: The ColUNBSH-GSI2019 gravimetric quasi-geoid model has been computed by the Geospatial Information Authority of Japan (GSI) in cooperation with the Technical University of Denmark (DTU). It has been worked out in the frame of the International Association of Geodesy Joint Working Group 2.2.2 "The 1 cm geoid experiment" and the so called "Colorado experiment". The area covered by the model is 109°W ≤ longitude ≤ 103°W, 36°N ≤ latitude ≤ 39°N with a grid spacing of 1' in both latitude and in longitude. Terrestrial and airborne gravity data are combined and gridded by least-squares collocation with the planar logarithmic covariance model. The resulting grid of free-air gravity anomalies is converted into Helmert gravity anomalies by applying the spherical topographic reduction and the analytical downward continuation with Helmert's second method of condensation. The computation method is based on the remove-compute-restore technique, using XGM2016 up to degree and order 719 as the reference global gravity model. In particular, the geoid model is computed by Stokes integration of residual Helmert gravity anomalies with the hybrid Meissl-Molodensky modified spheroidal Stokes kernel (UNB Stokes-Helmert scheme). Finally, the quasi-geoid model is obtained by subtracting the classical geoid/quasi-geoid separation term from the geoid model. The accuracy of the quasi-geoid model, when compared against GSVS17 GPS/leveling, is equal to 2.9 cm. The geoid model is provided in ISG format 2.0 (ISG Format Specifications), while the file in its original data format is available at the model ISG webpage.
    Description: Other
    Description: The International Service for the Geoid (ISG) was founded in 1992 (as International Geoid Service - IGeS) and it is now an official service of the International Association of Geodesy (IAG), under the umbrella of the International Gravity Field Service (IGFS). The main activities of ISG consist in collecting, analysing and redistributing local and regional geoid models, as well as organizing international schools on the geoid determination (Reguzzoni et al., 2021).
    Keywords: Geodesy ; Geoid model ; ISG ; UNB Stokes-Helmert scheme ; Colorado experiment ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GEODETICS 〉 GEOID CHARACTERISTICS ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GRAVITY/GRAVITATIONAL FIELD 〉 GRAVITY
    Type: Dataset , Dataset
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  • 70
    Publication Date: 2022-04-08
    Description: Abstract
    Description: The ColSHAWG-NGS2019 gravimetric geoid model has been computed by the US National Geodetic Survey (NGS). It has been worked out in the frame of the International Association of Geodesy Joint Working Group 2.2.2 "The 1 cm geoid experiment" and the so called "Colorado experiment". The area covered by the model is 251°E ≤ longitude ≤ 257°E, 36°N ≤ latitude ≤ 39°N with a grid spacing of 1' in both latitude and in longitude. The computation method is based on the spherical harmonic analysis scheme. The airborne gravity data are combined with the reference model xGEOID17RefB to produce an enhanced reference spherical harmonic model. This model is then used in a remove-compute-restore procedure, computing residual height anomalies from terrestrial gravity data by using the Wong-Gore modification of the Stokes kernel (truncation degree equal to 980), also including the g1 term because of rugged mountains. Finally, the geoid undulations are obtained by adding the geoid/quasi-geoid separation term (based on the simple Bouguer anomalies) to the computed height anomalies. The accuracy of the geoid model, when compared against GSVS17 GPS/leveling, is equal to 2.3 cm. The geoid model is provided in ISG format 2.0 (ISG Format Specifications), while the file in its original data format is available at the model ISG webpage.
    Description: Other
    Description: The International Service for the Geoid (ISG) was founded in 1992 (as International Geoid Service - IGeS) and it is now an official service of the International Association of Geodesy (IAG), under the umbrella of the International Gravity Field Service (IGFS). The main activities of ISG consist in collecting, analysing and redistributing local and regional geoid models, as well as organizing international schools on the geoid determination (Reguzzoni et al., 2021).
    Keywords: Geodesy ; Geoid model ; ISG ; Spherical harmonic analysis scheme ; Wong-Gore Stokes kernel modification ; Colorado experiment ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GEODETICS 〉 GEOID CHARACTERISTICS ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GRAVITY/GRAVITATIONAL FIELD 〉 GRAVITY
    Type: Dataset , Dataset
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  • 71
    Publication Date: 2022-04-08
    Description: Abstract
    Description: The ColSHAWG-NGS2019 gravimetric quasi-geoid model has been computed by the US National Geodetic Survey (NGS). It has been worked out in the frame of the International Association of Geodesy Joint Working Group 2.2.2 "The 1 cm geoid experiment" and the so called "Colorado experiment". The area covered by the model is 251°E ≤ longitude ≤ 257°E, 36°N ≤ latitude ≤ 39°N with a grid spacing of 1' in both latitude and in longitude. The computation method is based on the spherical harmonic analysis scheme. The airborne gravity data are combined with the reference model xGEOID17RefB to produce an enhanced reference spherical harmonic model. This model is then used in a remove-compute-restore procedure, computing residual height anomalies from terrestrial gravity data by using the Wong-Gore modification of the Stokes kernel (truncation degree equal to 980), also including the g1 term because of rugged mountains. The accuracy of the quasi-geoid model, when compared against GSVS17 GPS/leveling, is equal to 2.3 cm. The geoid model is provided in ISG format 2.0 (ISG Format Specifications), while the file in its original data format is available at the model ISG webpage.
    Description: Other
    Description: The International Service for the Geoid (ISG) was founded in 1992 (as International Geoid Service - IGeS) and it is now an official service of the International Association of Geodesy (IAG), under the umbrella of the International Gravity Field Service (IGFS). The main activities of ISG consist in collecting, analysing and redistributing local and regional geoid models, as well as organizing international schools on the geoid determination (Reguzzoni et al., 2021).
    Keywords: Geodesy ; Geoid model ; ISG ; Spherical harmonic analysis scheme ; Wong-Gore Stokes kernel modification ; Colorado experiment ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GEODETICS 〉 GEOID CHARACTERISTICS ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GRAVITY/GRAVITATIONAL FIELD 〉 GRAVITY
    Type: Dataset , Dataset
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  • 72
    Publication Date: 2022-04-08
    Description: Abstract
    Description: The GEOID-GUAYAQUIL2021 model for the rural area of the Guayaquil Canton in Ecuador was calculated by the Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas ESPE, Sangolquí, Ecuador. It is based on a non-conventional technique, such as Cokriging (Goovaerts, 1997), through the combination of GPS data/differential leveling and a densely sampled auxiliary variable. The GPS satellite positioning was performed using the Static Differential method through dual-frequency receivers in each point; regarding the level heights they were obtained by second-level differential leveling. The geoid undulation from the EGM2008 model with spatial resolutions of 1 arc min was proposed as an auxiliary variable for the interpolation of geodetic undulation in combination with dispersed GPS data (Odera and Fukuda, 2015). Ordinary, Residual and Universal Cokriging and Kriging techniques were used and their results were compared to select the best for achieving accuracy. In particular, a “split-off” validation was performed by excluding a subset of data, repeating the processing, and then comparing the results with the one obtained with the full dataset. This validation yielded that the solution based on Universal Cokriging was the most accurate with an RMSE of 8 cm and RSR of 0.0282, obtained just with 66 samples (20% of the dataset). This model is presented as a practical alternative for obtaining level heights for various geoscience applications. The geoid model is provided in ISG format 2.0 (ISG Format Specifications), while the file in its original data format is available at the model ISG webpage.
    Description: Other
    Description: The International Service for the Geoid (ISG) was founded in 1992 (as International Geoid Service - IGeS) and it is now an official service of the International Association of Geodesy (IAG), under the umbrella of the International Gravity Field Service (IGFS). The main activities of ISG consist in collecting, analysing and redistributing local and regional geoid models, as well as organizing international schools on the geoid determination (Reguzzoni et al., 2021).
    Keywords: Geodesy ; Geoid model ; ISG ; Universal Cokriging ; Guayaquil Canton ; Ecuador ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GEODETICS 〉 GEOID CHARACTERISTICS ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GRAVITY/GRAVITATIONAL FIELD 〉 GRAVITY
    Type: Dataset , Dataset
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  • 73
    Publication Date: 2022-05-09
    Description: Abstract
    Description: The data set contains hourly mean values (HMV) of the horizontal magnetic field component H as measured at the geomagnetic observatory Huancayo for 1935 to 1985. Huancayo (IAGA code HUA) is located close to the magnetic equator and is operated by Instituto Geofisico del Peru. The HMVs were taken from the World Data Centre Kyoto (WDC Kyoto) and existing data gaps (in total some 19 years from the 1960ies, 1970ies and 1980ies) were filled in by typing handwritten records of the HMV at GFZ. These handwritten records were monthly tables that were received as digital images from geomagnetic observatory Huancayo or that were received as microfilms from World Data Centre Boulder, Colorado. We also produced digital images of these microfilms. The values from the WDC Kyoto are definitive values; the monthly tables presumably also contain definitive values. Corrections to HUA HMVs from WDC Kyoto: There is a known error in the time stamping of the HUA HMVs prior to 1948 (before 1948 the data was reported in local time, rather than universal time). This error is corrected in the present dataset. Also, an attempt was made to correct for a jump in the HMV time series at this time. For further corrections, see Matzka et al, 2017. Please note that a dataset based on the data provided here will be submitted to the WDC Kyoto at a later stage and might undergo further modifications. The data file is in ASCII format and contains blank-separated first the year (YYYY), the month (MM), the day (DD) followed by the 24 HMVs of H (format HHHHH) in nanotesla (nT), starting with the HMV for 00 to 01 universal time.Geomagnetic observatories are described in e.g. Jankowski and Sucksdorf (1996).
    Keywords: Geomagnetic Observatory Huancayo ; hourly mean values ; magnetic equator ; equator ; equatorial electrojet ; ionosphere
    Language: English
    Type: Dataset , Dataset
    Format: 3335118 Bytes
    Format: 1 Files
    Format: text/plain
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  • 74
    Publication Date: 2022-05-11
    Description: Abstract
    Description: The Sassen climate station is part of an agrometeorological test site and aims at supplying environmental data for algorithm development in remote sensing and environmental modelling, with a focus on soil moisture and evapotranspiration.The site is intensively used for practical tests of remote sensing data integration in agricultural land management practices. First measurement infrastructure was installed by DLR in 1999 and instrumentation was intensified in 2011 and later as the site became part of the TERENO-NE observatory.The agrometeorological station Sassen was installed in 2011. It is located on a small elevation and next to a tree stand within a field. The station is equipped with sensor for measuring the following variables: AdconTR1_Temperature, AdconTR1_RelativeHumidity, AdconRainGauge_Precipitation, AdconWindspeed_Windspeed, AdconWinddirection_Winddirection, AdconBP1_BarometricPressure, KuZCMP3_PyranometerIncoming, KuZCMP3_PyranometerOutgoing, KuZCGR3_PyrgeometerIncoming, KuZCGR3_PyrgeometerOutgoing, UMSTH3_Soiltemperature005cm, UMSTH3_Soiltemperature010cm, UMSTH3_Soiltemperature020cm, UMSTH3_Soiltemperature030cm, UMSTH3_Soiltemperature050cm, UMSTH3_Soiltemperature100cm, AdconSM1_Soiltemperature025cm, AdconSM1_Soiltemperature015-025cm, AdconSM1_Soiltemperature045-075cm, AdconSM1_Soiltemperature075cm, AdconSM1_Soilmoisture010cm, AdconSM1_Soilmoisture020cm, AdconSM1_Soilmoisture030cm, AdconSM1_Soilmoisture040cm, AdconSM1_Soilmoisture050cm, AdconSM1_Soilmoisture060cm, AdconSM1_Soilmoisture070cm, AdconSM1_Soilmoisture080cm, AdconSM1_Soilmoisture090cm, AdconSM1_Soilmoisture100cm, AdconWET_LeafWetness and KuZCGR3_PyrgeometerIncomingThe current version of this dataset is 2.1. This version includes two additional years of data (from-year to-year)and a revised version of the data flags. A detailed overview on all changes is provided in the station description file. The version 1.0 is available in the 'previous_versions' subfolder via the Data Download link. A first version of this data was provided under http://doi.org/10.5880/TERENO.275 containing the measured data and Version 2.0 contains additionally the quality flags for each measured value and extended metadata.The dataset is also available through the TERENO Data Discovery Portal. The datafile will be extended once per year as more data is acquired at the stations and the metadatafile will be updated. New columns for new variables will be added as necessary. In case of changes in dta processing, which will result in changes of historical data, an new Version of this dataset will be published using a new doi. New data will be added after a delay of several months to allow manual interference with the quality control process.Data processing was done using DMRP version: 0.5.12. Metadataprocessing was done using DMETA version: 0.3.17.
    Description: Other
    Description: The DEMMIN test site is located within the central monitoring sites of the TERENO Northeastern German Lowland Observatory. It covers 900 km² and exhibits mostly glacial formed lowlands with terminal moraines in the southern part, containing the highest elevation of 83m a.s.l.The region between the rivers Tollense and Peene consists of flat ground moraines, whereas undulation ground moraines determine the landscape character north of the river Peene. The lowest elevation is located near the town Loitz with 0.5m a.s.l. The region is characterized by intense agricultural use and the three rivers Tollense and Trebel which confluence into the Peene River at the Hanseatic city Demmin. The present climate is characterized by a long-term (19812010) mean temperature of 8.7 °C and mean precipitation of 584 mm/year, measured at the Teterow weather station by Deutscher Wetterdienst (DWD).The Northeastern German Lowland Observatory is situated in a region shaped by recurring glacial and periglacial processes since at least half a million years. Within this period, three major glaciations covered the entire region, the last time this happened approximately 25 15 k ago (Weichselian glaciation).Since that time, a young morainic landscape developed characterized by many lakes and river systems that are connected to the shallow ground water table.The test site is instrumented with more than 40 environmental measurement stations (DLR, GFZ). Additionally, 63 soil moisture stations were installed by GFZ, a lysimeter-hexagon (DLR, FZJ) near to the village Rustow and is part of the SOILCan project. A crane completes the measurement technique currently available in the test site installed by GFZ/DLR in 2011.Data is automatically collected via a telemetry network by DLR. The quality control of all environmental data transferred via Telemetry network of DLR is carried out by DLR by visual control and, since 2012, by automatic processing by GFZ. The delivered dataset contains the measured data and quality flags indicating the validity of each measured value and detected reasons for exclusion.The TERENO (TERrestrial ENvironmental Observatories) is an initiative of the Helmholtz Centers (Forschungszentrum Jülich FZJ, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research UFZ, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology KIT, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Center for Environmental Health HMGU, German Research Centre for Geosciences - GFZ, and German Aerospace Center DLR) (http://www.tereno.net/overview-de).TERENO Northeastern German Lowland Observatory.TERENO (TERrestrial ENvironmental Observatories) spans an Earth observation network across Germany that extends from the North German lowlands to the Bavarian Alps. This unique large-scale project aims to catalogue the longterm ecological, social and economic impact of global change at regional level.Further specific goals of the TERENO remote sensing research group at GFZ are (1) supplying environmental data for algorithm development in remote sensing and environmental modelling, with a focus on soil moisture and evapotranspiration, and (2) practical tests of remote sensing data integration in agricultural land management practices.
    Keywords: scientific and technical information ; agricultural management ; agroindustry ; in situ ; point ; abiotic environment ; terrestrial environment ; TERENO ; TERENO Northeast ; TERENO Nordost ; DEMMIN ; Durable Environmental Multidisciplinary Monitoring Information Network ; TERrestrial ENvironmental Observatories ; GFZ ; GeoForschungsZentrum
    Language: English
    Type: Dataset , Dataset
    Format: 2 Files
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: text/csv
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  • 75
    Publication Date: 2022-05-11
    Description: Abstract
    Description: The Sanzkow BF2 soil moisture station is part of an agrometeorological test site and aims at supplying environmental data for algorithm development in remote sensing and environmental modelling, with a focus on soil moisture and evapotranspiration.The site is intensively used for practical tests of remote sensing data integration in agricultural land management practices. First measurement infrastructure was installed by DLR in 1999 and instrumentation was intensified in 2011 and later as the site became part of the TERENO-NE observatory.The soil moisture station station Sanzkow BF2 was installed in 2014. It is located on grassland, next to a pylon, with organic soil. The station is equipped with sensor for measuring the following variables: ScemeSpadeSoilMoisture_Spade_1, ScemeSpadeSoilMoisture_Spade_2, ScemeSpadeSoilMoisture_Spade_3, ScemeSpadeSoilMoisture_Spade_4, ScemeSpadeSoilMoisture_Spade_5, ScemeSpadeSoilMoisture_Spade_6 and ScemeSpadeSoilMoisture_Spade_2_TemperatureThe current version of this dataset is 1.1. This version includes two additional years of data (from-year to-year)and a revised version of the data flags. A detailed overview on all changes is provided in the station description file. The version 1.0 is available in the 'previous_versions' subfolder via the Data Download link. A first version of this data was provided under http://doi.org/10.5880/TERENO.GFZ.2018.060 containing the measured data and Version 2.0 contains additionally the quality flags for each measured value and extended metadata.The dataset is also available through the TERENO Data Discovery Portal. The datafile will be extended once per year as more data is acquired at the stations and the metadatafile will be updated. New columns for new variables will be added as necessary. In case of changes in dta processing, which will result in changes of historical data, an new Version of this dataset will be published using a new doi. New data will be added after a delay of several months to allow manual interference with the quality control process.Data processing was done using DMRP version: 0.5.12. Metadataprocessing was done using DMETA version: 0.3.17.
    Description: Other
    Description: The DEMMIN test site is located within the central monitoring sites of the TERENO Northeastern German Lowland Observatory. It covers 900 km² and exhibits mostly glacial formed lowlands with terminal moraines in the southern part, containing the highest elevation of 83m a.s.l.The region between the rivers Tollense and Peene consists of flat ground moraines, whereas undulation ground moraines determine the landscape character north of the river Peene. The lowest elevation is located near the town Loitz with 0.5m a.s.l. The region is characterized by intense agricultural use and the three rivers Tollense and Trebel which confluence into the Peene River at the Hanseatic city Demmin. The present climate is characterized by a long-term (19812010) mean temperature of 8.7 °C and mean precipitation of 584 mm/year, measured at the Teterow weather station by Deutscher Wetterdienst (DWD).The Northeastern German Lowland Observatory is situated in a region shaped by recurring glacial and periglacial processes since at least half a million years. Within this period, three major glaciations covered the entire region, the last time this happened approximately 25 15 k ago (Weichselian glaciation).Since that time, a young morainic landscape developed characterized by many lakes and river systems that are connected to the shallow ground water table.The test site is instrumented with more than 40 environmental measurement stations (DLR, GFZ). Additionally, 63 soil moisture stations were installed by GFZ, a lysimeter-hexagon (DLR, FZJ) near to the village Rustow and is part of the SOILCan project. A crane completes the measurement technique currently available in the test site installed by GFZ/DLR in 2011.Data is automatically collected via a telemetry network by DLR. The quality control of all environmental data transferred via Telemetry network of DLR is carried out by DLR by visual control and, since 2012, by automatic processing by GFZ. The delivered dataset contains the measured data and quality flags indicating the validity of each measured value and detected reasons for exclusion.The TERENO (TERrestrial ENvironmental Observatories) is an initiative of the Helmholtz Centers (Forschungszentrum Jülich FZJ, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research UFZ, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology KIT, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Center for Environmental Health HMGU, German Research Centre for Geosciences - GFZ, and German Aerospace Center DLR) (http://www.tereno.net/overview-de).TERENO Northeastern German Lowland Observatory.TERENO (TERrestrial ENvironmental Observatories) spans an Earth observation network across Germany that extends from the North German lowlands to the Bavarian Alps. This unique large-scale project aims to catalogue the longterm ecological, social and economic impact of global change at regional level.Further specific goals of the TERENO remote sensing research group at GFZ are (1) supplying environmental data for algorithm development in remote sensing and environmental modelling, with a focus on soil moisture and evapotranspiration, and (2) practical tests of remote sensing data integration in agricultural land management practices.
    Keywords: scientific and technical information ; agricultural management ; agroindustry ; in situ ; point ; abiotic environment ; terrestrial environment ; TERENO ; TERENO Northeast ; TERENO Nordost ; DEMMIN ; Durable Environmental Multidisciplinary Monitoring Information Network ; TERrestrial ENvironmental Observatories ; GFZ ; GeoForschungsZentrum
    Language: English
    Type: Dataset , Dataset
    Format: 2 Files
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  • 76
    Publication Date: 2022-05-13
    Description: Abstract
    Description: A seismic network was installed in the Helsinki capital area of Finland to monitor the response to a 6 km deep geothermal stimulation experiment in 2018. The Institute of Seismology, University of Helsinki (ISUH), installed these 100 geophones in addition to five surface broadband sensors and a 13-site borehole network deployed by the operating company. The stations operated for 106 days between 7 May and 20 August 2018 (day 127 to 232). The data set consists of raw CUBE-recorder data and converted MSEED data.
    Keywords: enhanced geothermal system ; induced seismicity ; array of arrays ; monitoring ; In Situ Land-based Platforms 〉 GEOPHYSICAL STATIONS/NETWORKS 〉 SEISMOLOGICAL STATIONS ; geology ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH ; 201802 ; Otaniemi Reservoir stimulation (ORS)
    Language: English
    Type: Dataset , temporary seismological network
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  • 77
    Publication Date: 2022-05-13
    Description: Abstract
    Description: Raw-, SEG-Y and other supplementary data of the landside deployment from the amphibious wide-angle seismic experiment ALPHA are presented. The aim of this project was to reveal the crustal and lithospheric structure of the subducting Adriatic plate and the external accretionary wedge in the southern Dinarides. Airgun shots from the RV Meteor were recorded along two profiles across Montenegro and northern Albania.
    Keywords: Seismology ; Adriatic Plate ; Montenegro ; Albania
    Language: English
    Type: Dataset , controlled source data
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  • 78
    Publication Date: 2022-05-13
    Description: Abstract
    Description: Climatic change is of incredible importance in the polar regions as ice-sheets and glaciers respond strongly to change in average temperature. The analysis of seismic signals (icequakes) emitted by glaciers (i.e., cryo-seismology) is thus gaining importance as a tool for monitoring glacier activity. To understand the scaling relation between regional glacier-related seismicity and actual small-scale local glacier dynamics and to calibrate the identified classes of icequakes to locally observed waveforms, a temporary passive seismic monitoring experiment was conducted in the vicinity of the calving front of Kronebreen, one of the fastest tidewater glaciers on Svalbard (Fig. 1). By combining the local observations with recordings of the nearby GEOFON station GE.KBS, the local experiment provides an ideal link between local observations at the glacier to regional scale monitoring of NW Spitsbergen. During the 4-month operation period from May to September 2013, eight broadband seismometers and three 4-point short-period arrays were operating around the glacier front of Kronebreen.
    Keywords: Icequakes ; Glacier monitoring ; cryo-seismology
    Language: English
    Type: Dataset , temporary seismological network
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  • 79
    Publication Date: 2022-06-07
    Description: Abstract
    Description: Spherical harmonic coefficients that are zero over the continents, and provide the anomalous simulated ocean bottom pressure that includes non-tidal air and water contributions elsewhere during the specified timespan. These coefficients differ from GLO (or GAC) coefficients over the ocean domain by disregarding upper air density anomalies. The anomalous signals are relative to the mean field from 2003-2014.
    Keywords: Gravity Recovery And Climate Experiment Follow-On (GRACE-FO) ; Gravity Recovery And Climate Experiment (GRACE) ; Level-2 ; SHM ; Spherical Harmonic Model ; Gravitational Field ; GSM ; Geopotential ; Gravity Field ; Mass ; Mass Transport ; Total Water Storage ; Time Variable Gravity ; Mass Balance ; Gravity Anomaly ; Satellite Geodesy ; Ocean ; Ocean Bottom Pressure ; AOD ; Atmosphere ; Non-tidal Atmosphere ; Dealiasing Product ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GRAVITY/GRAVITATIONAL FIELD
    Language: English
    Type: Dataset , Dataset
    Format: 2 Files
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  • 80
    Publication Date: 2022-06-07
    Description: Abstract
    Description: Spherical harmonic coefficients representing an estimate of Earth's mean gravity field during the specified timespan derived from GRACE mission measurements. These coefficients represent the full magnitude of land hydrology, ice, and solid Earth processes. Further, they represent atmospheric and oceanic processes not captured in the accompanying GAC product.
    Keywords: Gravity Recovery And Climate Experiment (GRACE) ; Level-2 ; SHM ; Spherical Harmonic Model ; Gravitational Field ; GSM ; Geopotential ; Gravity Field ; Mass ; Mass Transport ; Total Water Storage ; Time Variable Gravity ; Mass Balance ; Gravity Anomaly ; Satellite Geodesy ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GRAVITY/GRAVITATIONAL FIELD 〉 GRAVITY ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GRAVITY/GRAVITATIONAL FIELD 〉 GRAVITATIONAL FIELD ; Earth Observation Satellites 〉 NASA Earth System Science Pathfinder 〉 GRACE ; Earth Remote Sensing Instruments 〉 Passive Remote Sensing 〉 Magnetic/Motion Sensors 〉 Accelerometers 〉 GRACE ACC
    Language: English
    Type: Dataset , Dataset
    Format: 3 Files
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  • 81
    Publication Date: 2022-06-09
    Description: Abstract
    Description: The ColFFTDB-CGS2019 gravimetric geoid model has been computed by the Canadian Geodetic Survey (CGS), Natural Resources Canada. It has been worked out in the frame of the International Association of Geodesy Joint Working Group 2.2.2 "The 1 cm geoid experiment" and the so called "Colorado experiment". The area covered by the model is 110°W ≤ longitude ≤ 102°W, 35°N ≤ latitude ≤ 40°N with a grid spacing of 1' in both latitude and in longitude. The solution is based on the Stokes-Helmert method, which is used with the degree-banded Stokes kernel modification (Huang and Véronneau, 2013). A band-wise spectral scheme is developed to combine the global model, airborne and surface gravity data, contributing to low-, medium- and high-degree bands of the geoid, respectively. In particular, the global gravity model provides entirely the low-degree band up to degree 150 from where it goes into transition with the surface gravity data up to degree 210. The surface gravity data complete the geoid frequencies up to degree 10800 with complement information from SRTM 3″ digital terrain model. As for the GRAV-D airborne gravity data, they provide corrective values directly to the geoid model, contributing between degrees 210 and 790 with smooth transition at each end. The geoid computation is performed by Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) numerical integration. The accuracy of the geoid model, when compared against GSVS17 GPS/leveling, is equal to 2.0 cm. The geoid model is provided in ISG format 2.0 (ISG Format Specifications), while the file in its original data format is available at the model ISG webpage.
    Description: Other
    Description: The International Service for the Geoid (ISG) was founded in 1992 (as International Geoid Service - IGeS) and it is now an official service of the International Association of Geodesy (IAG), under the umbrella of the International Gravity Field Service (IGFS). The main activities of ISG consist in collecting, analysing and redistributing local and regional geoid models, as well as organizing international schools on the geoid determination (Reguzzoni et al., 2021).
    Keywords: Geodesy ; Geoid model ; ISG ; Fast Fourier Transform ; Degree-banded Stokes kernel modification ; Colorado experiment ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GEODETICS 〉 GEOID CHARACTERISTICS ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GRAVITY/GRAVITATIONAL FIELD 〉 GRAVITY
    Type: Dataset , Dataset
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  • 82
    Publication Date: 2022-06-09
    Description: Abstract
    Description: The ColFFTDB-CGS2019 gravimetric quasi-geoid model has been computed by the Canadian Geodetic Survey (CGS), Natural Resources Canada. It has been worked out in the frame of the International Association of Geodesy Joint Working Group 2.2.2 "The 1 cm geoid experiment" and the so called "Colorado experiment". The area covered by the model is 110°W ≤ longitude ≤ 102°W, 35°N ≤ latitude ≤ 40°N with a grid spacing of 1' in both latitude and in longitude. The solution is based on the Stokes-Helmert method, which is used with the degree-banded Stokes kernel modification (Huang and Véronneau, 2013). A band-wise spectral scheme is developed to combine the global model, airborne and surface gravity data, contributing to low-, medium- and high-degree bands of the geoid, respectively. In particular, the global gravity model provides entirely the low-degree band up to degree 150 from where it goes into transition with the surface gravity data up to degree 210. The surface gravity data complete the geoid frequencies up to degree 10800 with complement information from SRTM 3″ digital terrain model. As for the GRAV-D airborne gravity data, they provide corrective values directly to the geoid model, contributing between degrees 210 and 790 with smooth transition at each end. The geoid computation is performed by Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) numerical integration and then the quasi-geoid model is obtained by adding a classic geoid to quasi-geoid correction grid. The accuracy of the quasi-geoid model, when compared against GSVS17 GPS/leveling, is equal to 1.8 cm. The geoid model is provided in ISG format 2.0 (ISG Format Specifications), while the file in its original data format is available at the model ISG webpage.
    Description: Other
    Description: The International Service for the Geoid (ISG) was founded in 1992 (as International Geoid Service - IGeS) and it is now an official service of the International Association of Geodesy (IAG), under the umbrella of the International Gravity Field Service (IGFS). The main activities of ISG consist in collecting, analysing and redistributing local and regional geoid models, as well as organizing international schools on the geoid determination (Reguzzoni et al., 2021).
    Keywords: Geodesy ; Geoid model ; ISG ; Fast Fourier Transform ; Degree-banded Stokes kernel modification ; Colorado experiment ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GEODETICS 〉 GEOID CHARACTERISTICS ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GRAVITY/GRAVITATIONAL FIELD 〉 GRAVITY
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  • 83
    Publication Date: 2022-07-08
    Description: Abstract
    Description: The stress map of Germany shows the orientation of the current maximum horizontal stress (SHmax) in the earth's crust. Assuming that the vertical stress (SV) is a principal stress, SHmax defines the orientation of the 3D stress tensor; the minimum horizontal stress Shmin is than perpendicular to SHmax. In the stress map the SHmax orientations are represented as lines of different lengths. The length of the line is a measure of the quality of data and the symbol shows the stress indicator and the color the stress regime. Data with E-Quality are shown without additional information as dots on the map. The stress data are freely available and part of the World Stress Map (WSM) project. For more information about the data and criteria of data analysis and quality mapping are plotted along the WSM website at http://www.world-stress-map.org.The German version of the World Stress Map Germany is available via http://doi.org/10.5880/WSM.Germany2016.
    Description: Other
    Description: The World Stress Map (WSM) is a global compilation of information on the crustal present-day stress field. It is a collaborative project between academia and industry that aims to characterize the stress pattern and to understand the stress sources. It commenced in 1986 as a project of the International Lithosphere Program under the leadership of Mary-Lou Zoback. From 1995-2008 it was a project of the Heidelberg Academy of Sciences and Humanities headed first by Karl Fuchs and then by Friedemann Wenzel. Since 2009 the WSM is maintained at the GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences and since 2012 the WSM is a member of the ICSU World Data System. All stress information is analysed and compiled in a standardized format and quality-ranked for reliability and comparability on a global scale.
    Keywords: crustal stress ; in situ stress ; tectonic stress ; crustal stress pattern ; World Stress Map
    Type: Dataset
    Format: 9901520 Bytes
    Format: 1 Files
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  • 84
    Publication Date: 2022-07-08
    Description: Abstract
    Description: The stress map of Iceland shows the orientation of the current maximum horizontal stress (SHmax) in the earth's crust. Assuming that the vertical stress (SV) is a principal stress, SHmax defines the orientation of the 3D stress tensor; the minimum horizontal stress Shmin is than perpendicular to SHmax. In the stress map the SHmax orientations are represented as lines of different lengths. The length of the line is a measure of the quality of data and the symbol shows the stress indicator and the color the stress regime. Data with E-Quality are shown without additional information as dots on the map. The stress data are freely available and part of the World Stress Map (WSM) project. For more information about the data and criteria of data analysis and quality mapping are plotted along the WSM website at http://www.world-stress-map.org.
    Description: Other
    Description: The World Stress Map (WSM) is a global compilation of information on the crustal present-day stress field. It is a collaborative project between academia and industry that aims to characterize the stress pattern and to understand the stress sources. It commenced in 1986 as a project of the International Lithosphere Program under the leadership of Mary-Lou Zoback. From 1995-2008 it was a project of the Heidelberg Academy of Sciences and Humanities headed first by Karl Fuchs and then by Friedemann Wenzel. Since 2009 the WSM is maintained at the GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences and since 2012 the WSM is a member of the ICSU World Data System. All stress information is analysed and compiled in a standardized format and quality-ranked for reliability and comparability on a global scale.
    Keywords: crustal stress ; in situ stress ; tectonic stress ; crustal stress pattern ; mid ocean ridge
    Language: English
    Type: Dataset , Dataset
    Format: 11932019 Bytes
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  • 85
    Publication Date: 2022-07-08
    Description: Abstract
    Description: The Stress Map of the Mediterranean and Central Europe 2016 displays 5011 A-C quality stress data records of the upper 40 km of the Earth’s crust from the WSM database release 2016 (Heidbach et al, 2016, http://doi.org/10.5880/WSM.2016.001). Focal mechanism solutions determined as being potentially unreliable (labelled as Possible Plate Boundary Events in the database) are not displayed. Further detailed information on the WSM quality ranking scheme, guidelines for the various stress indicators, and software for stress map generation and the stress pattern analysis is available at www.world-stress-map.org.
    Description: Other
    Description: The World Stress Map (WSM) is a global compilation of information on the crustal present-day stress field. It is a collaborative project between academia and industry that aims to characterize the stress pattern and to understand the stress sources. It commenced in 1986 as a project of the International Lithosphere Program under the leadership of Mary-Lou Zoback. From 1995-2008 it was a project of the Heidelberg Academy of Sciences and Humanities headed first by Karl Fuchs and then by Friedemann Wenzel. Since 2009 the WSM is maintained at the GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences and since 2012 the WSM is a member of the ICSU World Data System. All stress information is analysed and compiled in a standardized format and quality-ranked for reliability and comparability on a global scale.
    Keywords: crustal stress ; in situ stress ; tectonic stress ; crustal stress pattern ; tectonics ; geophysics ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS 〉 PLATE TECTONICS 〉 STRESS ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS 〉 PLATE TECTONICS 〉 LITHOSPHERIC PLATE MOTION 〉 PLATE MOTION DIRECTION ; EARTH SCIENCE SERVICES 〉 DATA MANAGEMENT/DATA HANDLING 〉 DATA SEARCH AND RETRIEVAL
    Type: Dataset
    Format: 13765676 Bytes
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  • 86
    Publication Date: 2022-07-20
    Description: Abstract
    Description: The Ghanaian Gravimetric Geoid 2017 (GGG2017) covers the area between 4°N to 12°N and 4°W to 2°E. It is referred to the WGS84 reference ellipsoid and was computed using Heck and Grüninger’s modification of Stokes’ kernel in the framework of a remove-compute-restore approach. EGM2008 was used up to degree and order 222 to calculate the long-wavelength component of the geoid. A total of 499 surface gravity (from the Ghana Geological Survey Authority) and 29,249 marine gravity (from the Bureau Gravimétrique International) data were used to compute the GGG2017 model. Its validation was based on 11 GPS/trigonometric measurements, leading to the choice of the optimal maximum degree of EGM2008 and resulting in an overall accuracy of 45.7 cm. This means that the GGG2017 model can be used to replace second-order class II levelling, with an expected error of 6.8 mm/km for baselines ranging from 20 to 225 km. The geoid model is provided in ISG format 2.0 (ISG Format Specifications), while the file in its original data format is available at the model ISG webpage.
    Description: Other
    Description: The International Service for the Geoid (ISG) was founded in 1992 (as International Geoid Service - IGeS) and it is now an official service of the International Association of Geodesy (IAG), under the umbrella of the International Gravity Field Service (IGFS). The main activities of ISG consist in collecting, analysing and redistributing local and regional geoid models, as well as organizing international schools on the geoid determination (Reguzzoni et al., 2021).
    Keywords: Geodesy ; Geoid model ; ISG ; Heck and Grüninger’s modification of Stokes’ kernel ; Ghana ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GEODETICS 〉 GEOID CHARACTERISTICS ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GRAVITY/GRAVITATIONAL FIELD 〉 GRAVITY
    Type: Dataset , Dataset
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  • 87
    Publication Date: 2022-08-17
    Description: Abstract
    Description: The dataset is composed of hyperspectral imagery acquired during airplane overflights on May 10th, 2011, June 27th, 2011 and May 24th, 2012 consisting of 367 and 368 spectral bands, respective-ly, ranging from VIS to SWIR (400 - 2500 nm) wavelength regions. The hyperspectral image data was acquired in the framework of the EnMAP preparation project HyLand (Hyperspectral remote sensing for the assessment of crop and soil parameters in precision farming and yield estimation). Within the project, innovative techniques were developed to derive crop and soil parameters from hyper-spectral remote sensing and terrestrial laser scanning data, which served as input parameters for novel yield estimation models.
    Description: Other
    Description: The Environmental Mapping and Analysis Program (EnMAP) is a German hyperspectral satellite mission that aims at monitoring and characterizing the Earth’s environment on a global scale. EnMAP serves to measure and model key dynamic processes of the Earth’s ecosystems by extract-ing geochemical, biochemical and biophysical parameters, which provide information on the status and evolution of various terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. In the frame of the EnMAP preparatory phase, pre-flight campaigns including airborne and in-situ measurements in different environments and for several application fields are being conducted. The main purpose of these campaigns is to support the development of scientific applications for EnMAP. In addition, the acquired data are input in the EnMAP end-to-end simulation tool (EeteS) and are employed to test data pre-processing and calibration-validation methods. The campaign data are made freely available to the scientific community under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. An overview of all available data is provided in in the EnMAP Flight Campaigns Metadata Portal (http://www.enmap.org/?q=flightbeta).
    Keywords: Imaging Spectroscopy ; Precision Farming ; Yield Estimation ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 AGRICULTURE 〉 SOILS 〉 SOIL TEXTURE ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 AGRICULTURE 〉 AGRICULTURAL PLANT SCIENCE 〉 CROP/PLANT YIELDS ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SPECTRAL/ENGINEERING 〉 VISIBLE WAVELENGTHS 〉 VISIBLE IMAGERY ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SPECTRAL/ENGINEERING 〉 INFRARED WAVELENGTHS 〉 INFRARED IMAGERY
    Language: English
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  • 88
    Publication Date: 2022-08-24
    Description: Abstract
    Description: This dataset provides friction data from ring-shear test (RST) on a plastic (polyester) sand material that has been used in flume experiments (Marra et al., 2014; Kleinhans et al., 2017) and is now used in the Tectonic Laboratory (TecLab) at Utrecht University (NL) as an analogue for brittle layers in the crust or lithosphere. Detailed information about the data, methodology and a list of files and formats is given in the data description and list of files that are included in the zip folder and also available via the DOI landing page.The material has been characterized by means of internal friction coefficient and cohesion as a remote service by GFZ Potsdam for TecLab (Utrecht University). According to our analysis the material behaves as a Mohr-Coulomb material characterized by a linear failure envelope and peak, dynamic and reactivation friction coefficients of 0.76, 0.60, and 0.66, respectively. Cohesions are in the order of few tens of Pa. A minor rate-weakening of 3% per ten-fold rate change is evident.
    Keywords: EPOS ; Multi-scale laboratories ; analogue models of geologic processes ; property data of analogue modelling materials ; software tools ; EARTH SCIENCE SERVICES 〉 DATA ANALYSIS AND VISUALIZATION 〉 CALIBRATION/VALIDATION ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS
    Type: Dataset
    Format: 3 Files
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  • 89
    Publication Date: 2022-09-07
    Description: Abstract
    Description: The International Geodynamics and Earth Tide Service (IGETS) was established in 2015 by the International Association of Geodesy. IGETS continues the activities of the Global Geodynamics Project (GGP) between 1997 and 2015 to provide support to geodetic and geophysical research activities using superconducting gravimeter (SG) data within the context of an international network. As part of this network, the Onsala station (code OS, instrument GWR OSG 054) was established in 2009 thanks to the financial support of the Committee for Infrastructure of the Swedish Research Council, until 2021, and of the Swedish geodetic survey Lantmäteriet since 2021. Continuous time-varying gravity and atmospheric pressure data from OS are integrated in the IGETS data base hosted by ISDC (Information System and Data Centre) at GFZ. The OS station (longitude: 11.9266 E; latitude: 57.3858 N and elevation: 7.93 m) is located at the Onsala Space Observatory, south of Gothenbourg, a well instrumented site for geodetic and meteorological studies (https://www.chalmers.se/en/researchinfrastructure/oso/Pages/default.aspx). An air-circulation system controls the humidity and temperature in the gravimeter house and there are 3 pillars available. Absolute gravity measurements are done every year by Lantmäteriet. - The time series of gravity and barometric pressure started in July 2009 and is going on. - The time sampling of the raw gravity and barometric pressure data of IGETS Level 1 is 1 minute. For a detailed description of the IGETS data base and the provided files see Voigt et al. (2016, http://doi.org/10.2312/GFZ.b103-16087). Rainfall data are also provided as auxiliary data to IGETS database. OS data are used in conjunction with projects of the Nordic Geodetic Commission (NKG) - Working Group for Geodynamics (https://www.nordicgeodeticcommission.com/working-group-of-geodynamics/). Interactive graphs are available at https://lab3.oso.chalmers.se/wx/gravimeter_data/
    Keywords: Superconducting gravimetry ; Earth tides ; Geodynamics ; IGETS ; International Geodynamics and Earth Tide Service ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GRAVITY/GRAVITATIONAL FIELD 〉 GRAVITY ; geodesy ; geophysics ; hydrology
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  • 90
    Publication Date: 2022-09-09
    Description: Abstract
    Description: This data publication provides data from 42 experiments from 2018 and 2019 in the Fragmentation Lab at the Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich (Germany). The experiments were taken out to analyse the influence of the water content and the initial temperature of the pre-experimental sample on the produced electrification in rapid decompression, shock-tube experiments. All samples used in this study are 90-300 μm loose ash samples from the lower Laacher See unit.To carry out this study, we have built up on previous studies by Cimarelli et al. (2014) and Gaudin & Cimarelli (2019b, dataset to be found in Gaudin & Cimarelli, 2019a). A sample of loose ash gets placed in an autoclave. In our study, we have added water in some experiments. Also, a furnace was often used to heat the sample to up to 320 °C. After both water addition and heating, the autoclave gets pressurized using argon gas. Once a target pressure of 9 MPa is reached, the experiment gets triggered by rupturing metal diaphragms, which rapid decompresses the sample and ejects it into a collector tank. This collector tank is made out of steel and electrically insulated from its surrounding, thus working as a Faraday cage (FC), which is able to detect the net charge within at any point during the experiment. We detect discharges on that net charge up to 10 ms after the ejection of the particles.This dataset contains:- an overview .xlsx file (ExperimentOverview) containing key information for the 42 experiments used for analysis in this study- raw .csv files for all experiments- .pdf files showing the key elements of the analysed experiments, incl. data from Faraday cage and pressure sensorsFor more information please refer to the data description and the associated publication (Stern et al., 2019).
    Keywords: ash ; electric charge ; Faraday cage ; water ; temperature ; shock-tube ; jet ; rapid decompression ; EPOS ; rock and melt physical properties ; multi-scale laboratories ; EARTH SCIENCE SERVICES 〉 ENVIRONMENTAL ADVISORIES 〉 GEOLOGICAL ADVISORIES 〉 VOLCANIC ACTIVITY ; EARTH SCIENCE SERVICES 〉 ENVIRONMENTAL ADVISORIES 〉 WEATHER/CLIMATE ADVISORIES 〉 DUST/ASH ADVISORIES ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS 〉 VOLCANIC ACTIVITY 〉 ERUPTION DYNAMICS 〉 VOLCANIC EXPLOSIVITY ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS 〉 VOLCANIC ACTIVITY 〉 ERUPTION DYNAMICS 〉 ASH/DUST DISPERSION ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 HUMAN DIMENSIONS 〉 NATURAL HAZARDS 〉 VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 ATMOSPHERE 〉 ATMOSPHERIC ELECTRICITY 〉 LIGHTNING ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 ATMOSPHERE 〉 ATMOSPHERIC PHENOMENA 〉 LIGHTNING ; phonolilte ; ash_and_lapilli
    Type: Dataset
    Format: 2 Files
    Format: application/octet-stream
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  • 91
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    GFZ Data Services
    Publication Date: 2022-11-28
    Description: Abstract
    Description: This data set contains continuous recordings of seismic noise, which have been made on the surface of a shallow volcanic crater in the Phlegrean Fields volcanic complex near Naples, Italy, where a significant level of volcanic-hydrothermal activity is presently concentrated (MED-SUV = Mediterranean Supersite Volcanoes). As part of the Phlegrean Fields, the Solfatara crater is a 0.4 × 0.5 km sub-rectangular structure whose geometry is mainly due to the control exerted by N40–50W and N50E trending normal fault systems, along which geothermal fluids can ascend. These systems crosscut the study area and have been active several times in the past.
    Keywords: volcanic activity ; seismic noise ; arrays
    Language: English
    Type: Dataset , temporary seismological network
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  • 92
    Publication Date: 2022-11-28
    Description: Abstract
    Description: This report describes the passive seismic data acquired by the TOPASE network deployed over Rittershoffen geothermal field (Alsace, France). The monitoring period extends from March 2013 to November 2014, which includes the stimulation of the first well of the doublet, the drilling of the second well and well tests. These data were acquired using 31 Earth Data Loggers PR6-24 and MARK-SERCEL L-4C-3D 1 Hz seismometers of the Geophysical Instrument Pool Potsdam (GIPP), which were provided to the KIT-AGW-Geothermal research division.
    Keywords: geothermics ; enhanced geothermal system ; Rittershoffen ; Upper Rhine Graben ; induced seismicity
    Language: English
    Type: Dataset , temporary seismological network
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  • 93
    Publication Date: 2022-11-29
    Description: Abstract
    Description: This dataset contains supplementary data concerning the SELASOMA project (GIPP-Project: Madagaskar; ID: 201204; FDSN-network code: ZE): (1) For stations with Cube data loggers, the raw data files are included. (2) For stations with EDL data loggers the log and auxiliary files are included. The main purpose of this dataset is to archive raw information on the timing quality, and to allow future use of alternative Cube-to-miniseed converters. Do not use this dataset if you are interested in continuous or event-based waveform data. Instead, refer to related dataset containing continuous waveforms . The dataset contains 1) log files for the stations with EDL data loggers (organized in sub-directories according to time range and station code); 2) separated MSEED-formatted data affected by some problems (organized in sub-directories according to time range and station code) and 3) raw CUBE-formatted data (organized in sub-directories according to time range and station name).
    Keywords: Seismology
    Language: English
    Type: Dataset , Dataset
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  • 94
    Publication Date: 2022-11-29
    Description: Abstract
    Description: LITHOS-CAPP is the German contribution to the international ScanArray experiment. ScanArray is an array of broadband seismometers with which we aim to study the lithosphere and upper mantle beneath the Scandinavian Mountains and the Baltic Shield. LITHOS-CAPP contributed 20 broadband recording stations from September 2014 to October 2016, 10 in Sweden and 10 in Finland, continuously recordings at 100 samples per second. The stations were deployed by the KIT Geophysical Institute and GFZ section 2.4 (seismology). They form part of the temporary network ScanArrayCore (FDSN network code 1G 2012-2017). This data publication contains the original log-files of the recorders.
    Keywords: Broadband seismology ; Scandinavia ; temporary seismic network
    Language: English
    Type: Dataset , temporary seismological network
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  • 95
    Publication Date: 2022-11-29
    Description: Abstract
    Description: A temporary seismic array of short-period seismometers was installed in the 8-story AHEPA hospital, located in the city of Thessaloniki, N. Greece. The scope of the survey was to assess the dynamic characteristics of the RC-building by processing ambient vibration recordings of more than 40 seismic stations installed at different positions in the building. Part of the instruments was used in a soil experiment, outside of the hospital, to study possible Soil Structure Interaction phenomena. In addition to above experiments, a site-specific survey was performed in the Volvi basin, 30km ENE of the city of Thessaloniki. The scope of this experiment was to investigate the soil properties and the geometry of the subsurface geology.
    Keywords: Seismometers ; ambient noise ; building monitoring ; soil properties ; PASSIVE_SEISMIC 〉 STATIONS ; PASSIVE_SEISMIC 〉 STATIONS ; SENSOR 〉 GEOPHONE ; SENSOR 〉 3-C ; LAND ; MINISEED_DATA_FORMAT ; SEISMIC_WAVEFORM_DATA ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS 〉 EARTHQUAKES ; In Situ Land-based Platforms 〉 GEOPHYSICAL STATIONS/NETWORKS
    Type: Dataset , Dataset
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  • 96
    Publication Date: 2022-12-02
    Description: Abstract
    Description: This data pubilcation includes EnMAP-like imaging spectroscopy data files to be used for mineral mapping with the EnMAP BOX software. It is simulated EnMAP satellite data, which is based on hyperspectral flight campaign data with the AVIRIS-NG and HyMap sensors. In preparation of the EnMAP satellite mission, an EnMAP BOX software package provides tools for visualization and scientific analysis of the data. Among many applications, the EnMAP BOX contains geological mapping tools (EnGeoMAP). Here we apply these tools to several representative test cases (Boesche, 2015; Boesche et al. 2016; Mielke et al., 2016). The test data comprise two study sites. The first scene covers the Mountain Pass open pit mine - a carbonatite deposit in California, USA. It contains calcitic rock units and rare earth element (REE) bearing minerals of the bastnaesite group, also called fluorocarbonates (Olson et al., 1954). The REE concentrations at mountain pass are 9.2% on average, among the highest in the world (Brüning and Böhmer, 2011). The high concentration and the open pit activities make Mountain Pass an ideal test site to investigate the rare earth element distribution in the surface layer. The airborne image data were collected in 2014 by Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), USA, with the AVIRIS-NG sensor and form the basis for EnMAP simulations (Segl et al., 2012; Thompson et al., 2015). The second HyMap spectral image data covers part of the Miocene Cabo de Gata Nίjar volcanic field, in southeast Spain. It comprises a subset of (Chabrillat et al., 2016) covering the Rodalquilar and Lomilla Calderas, which host the economically relevant gold-silver, lead-zinc-silver-gold and alunite deposits. It is a hydrothermal alteration complex, representing the silicic alteration, the advanced argillic alteration zone, which grades into the argillic and propylitic zone (Arribas et al., 1995, 1989). The image data are part of the Cabo de Gata Nίjar HyMap imagery which was collected during the DLR HyEurope airborne campaign 2005 in the frame of the GFZ land degradation program (Chabrillat et al., 2016, 2005). We use these datasets to simulate EnMAP-like images for classification and mapping using spectroscopic remote sensing techniques in the EnGeoMAP tools. The EnMAP end-to-end Simulation (EeteS) tool produced simulated EnMAP like data with a spatial sampling distance of 30 x 30 m and 242 spectral bands (Guanter et al., 2015; Segl et al., 2012). File format for both sites: Band Sequential Image Files (*.bsq) and file header (*.hdr). The full description of the datasets is given in the associated data report by Boesche et al. (2016).
    Description: Other
    Description: The Environmental Mapping and Analysis Program (EnMAP) is a German hyperspectral satellite mission that aims at monitoring and characterizing the Earth’s environment on a global scale. EnMAP serves to measure and model key dynamic processes of the Earth’s ecosystems by extracting geochemical, biochemical and biophysical parameters, which provide information on the status and evolution of various terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. In the frame of the EnMAP preparatory phase, pre-flight campaigns including airborne and in-situ measurements in different environments and for several application fields are being conducted. The main purpose of these campaigns is to support the development of scientific applications for EnMAP. In addition, the acquired data are input in the EnMAP end-to-end simulation tool (EeteS) and are employed to test data pre-processing and calibration-validation methods. The campaign data are made freely available to the scientific community under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. An overview of all available data is provided in in the EnMAP Flight Campaigns Metadata Portal http://www.enmap.org/?q=flights.
    Keywords: Imaging spectroscopy ; Mineral Mapping ; Rare Earth Elements ; EnMAP ; EnGeoMAP ; Simulated Data ; Rodalquilar ; Mountain Pass ; Hyperspectral Imagery ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 ROCKS/MINERALS/CRYSTALS 〉 MINERALS 〉 MINERAL PHYSICAL/OPTICAL PROPERTIES 〉 REFLECTION ; mineral resource ; satellite image
    Type: Dataset , Dataset
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  • 97
    Publication Date: 2022-12-02
    Description: Abstract
    Description: The data set contains mineral chemical analyses of 32 rare earth element (REE) -bearing minerals (REMin) and rare-earth oxides (REO) and their corresponding hyperspectral spectra. The hyperspectral data was acquired with the HySpex system in a range of 400 – 2500 nm and is presented in a spectral library. The resulting reflectance data are scaled from 0 - 10000. The two Rare Earth Element (REE) libraries consist of the spectra of 16 rare earth oxides powders (REO) and 14 REE-bearing minerals (REMin). In addition, it contains the spectra of niobium- and tantalum oxide, two elements technically not part of the REEs. The spectral library presented here is part of a bigger collection of spectral libraries including copper-bearing surface samples from Apliki copper-gold-pyrite mine (Koerting et al., 2019a, http://doi.org/10.5880/GFZ.1.4.2019.005) and copper-bearing minerals (Koellner et al., 2019, http://doi.org/10.5880/GFZ.1.4.2019.003). These libraries aim to give a spectral overview of important resources and ore mineralization.
    Description: Other
    Description: Version 2.0 (21 December 2020): completely restructured Technical Report and data files according to the review recommendations of the related article in Earth System Science Data (ESSD). Details: • New title of the data publication • Spectral library "GFZ_HySpex_REMin" -〉 typo correction of the spectral names in the ENVI-standard + .hdr file and the .txt file • addition of spectra names in the table that lists the sample info • reorganisation of the sample certificates table
    Keywords: rare earth minerals ; spectral library ; rare earth oxides ; hyperspectral ; geochemical analyses ; X-Ray Fluorescence ; XRF ; Electron microprobe analyser ; EMPA ; Earth Remote Sensing Instruments 〉 Passive Remote Sensing 〉 Spectrometers/Radiometers 〉 Imaging Spectrometers/Radiometers ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GEOCHEMISTRY 〉 GEOCHEMICAL PROCESSES 〉 CHEMICAL WEATHERING ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 ROCKS/MINERALS/CRYSTALS 〉 METALS 〉 METALS PHYSICAL/OPTICAL PROPERTIES ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 ROCKS/MINERALS/CRYSTALS 〉 MINERALS 〉 MINERAL PHYSICAL/OPTICAL PROPERTIES
    Type: Dataset , Dataset
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  • 98
    Publication Date: 2022-12-06
    Description: Abstract
    Description: The SLO-VRP2016/Koper quasi-geoid model is the latest height reference surface for Slovenia, referred to the GRS80 ellipsoid. The acronym means SLOvenska Višinska Referenčna Ploskev iz leta 2016, datum Koper (translated in English, Slovenian Height Reference Surface from the year 2016, datum Koper). It was computed by the Surveying and Mapping Authority of the Republic of Slovenia, in cooperation with the Norwegian Mapping Authority (Kartverket). The model is based on a set of old terrestrial gravity data (origin from Yugoslavia, from 1956-75), a set of new Slovenian gravity data (along levelling lines and regional gravimetric survey, from 2000 to 2015) and sets from neighboring countries (Italy, Austria, Hungary and Croatia), altogether 16.400 points in the mean-tide system. Stokes/Molodensky equations and the Fast Fourier transform technique have been applied with use of global geopotential model EGM2008. The computed quasi-geoid surface was adapted (fitted) to 66 high quality GNSS/levelling points, which were fairly distributed throughout the territory of Slovenia. Therefore, the resulting quasi geoid model can be used to perform the conversion between ellipsoidal heights (Slovenian realization of ETRS89 - D96, GRS80 ellipsoid) and normal heights (Slovenian Height System 2010 - SVS2010 with Koper tide gauge). The SLO_VRP2016/Koper model is given in the form of a regular grid, with resolution of 30” × 45”, within the limits of 13° 〈 λ 〈 17° (east of Greenwich) and 45° 〈 φ 〈 47° (north of the equator). In this area geoid heights range between 42.157 m and 50.608 m, with an average of 46.162 m. The inner accuracy of the calculated geoid heights is 2.6 cm, the outer accuracy (based on 871 control GNSS/levelling measurements along levelling lines) is up to 10 cm. The geoid model is provided in ISG format 2.0 (ISG Format Specifications), while the file in its original data format is available at the model ISG webpage.
    Description: Other
    Description: The International Service for the Geoid (ISG) was founded in 1992 (as International Geoid Service - IGeS) and it is now an official service of the International Association of Geodesy (IAG), under the umbrella of the International Gravity Field Service (IGFS). The main activities of ISG consist in collecting, analysing and redistributing local and regional geoid models, as well as organizing international schools on the geoid determination (Reguzzoni et al., 2021).
    Keywords: Geodesy ; Geoid model ; ISG ; Fast Fourier Transform ; Slovenia ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GEODETICS 〉 GEOID CHARACTERISTICS ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GRAVITY/GRAVITATIONAL FIELD 〉 GRAVITY
    Type: Dataset , Dataset
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  • 99
    Publication Date: 2022-12-11
    Description: Abstract
    Description: The observation of the present-day deformation of the Earth's surface with high spatial and temporal resolution makes up a major part of the Integrated Plate Boundary Observatory Chile (IPOC, www.ipoc-network.org). For this purpose, continuously recording GPS stations were installed in Northern Chile since end of 2002. Eleven of IPOC stations (PB01 – PB11) are equipped with permanent recording GPS receivers (TOPCON GB-1000). They continuously measure at sampling rates of both, 1 second and 30 second. The GPS data are archived and processed in GFZ Potsdam. Detailed information about data availability, metadata and site descriptions can be found at: https://kg3-dmz.gfz-potsdam.de/gnss/GFZPBOCGPS. More description about the Integrated Plate Boundary Observatory Chile (IPOC) can be found at the IPOC Website (http:/ipoc-network.org/observatory/gps/gps-at-ipoc). The Survey Mode GPS data in the IPOC Region was published by Moreno et al. (2017).
    Keywords: Active deformation ; Monitoring ; Integrated Plate Boundary Observatory Chile ; IPOC ; continuous GPS
    Type: Dataset
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  • 100
    Publication Date: 2023-02-03
    Description: Abstract
    Description: GFZRNX is a software toolbox for Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) data provided in the REceiver Independent EXchange format (RINEX) of the major versions 2 and 3. The following RINEX data types are supported: - Observation data - Navigation data - Meteorological dataThe following global and regional satellite systems are supported:GPS - Global Positioning System (USA) GLONASS - GLObal NAvigation Satellite System (RUS)BEIDOU - Chinese Global and Regional Navigation Satellite System (CHN)GALILEO - European Global Navigation Satellite SystemIRNSS - Indian Regional Naviagation Satellite System (IND)QZSS - Quasi Zenith Satellite System (JAP) The following operations/tasks are supported: - RINEX data check and repair - RINEX data format conversion ( version 3 to 2 and vice versa ) - RINEX data splice - RINEX data split - RINEX data statistics generation - RINEX data manipulations like: (1) data sampling, (2) observation types selection, (3) satellite systems selection, (4) elimination of overall empty or sparse observation types - Automatic version dependent file naming on output data - RINEX data header editing - RINEX data meta data extraction - RINEX data comparisonThe following operating systems are supported: - Microsoft Windows (64) - Microsoft Windows (32) - Apple macOS - ORACLE Solaris (SPARC) - ORACLE Solaris (i86) - Linux (64) - Linux (32) Please find the executables and the Documentation via: http://semisys.gfz-potsdam.de/semisys/scripts/download/index.php (GFZ Software -〉 gfzrnx)
    Keywords: RINEX ; GNSS ; GPS ; GLONASS ; GALILEO ; BEIDOU ; QZSS ; IRNSS
    Type: Software
    Format: 674121 Bytes
    Format: 3 Files
    Format: application/octet-stream
    Format: application/pdf
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