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  • Firenze University Press  (896)
  • Elsevier
  • English  (897)
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  • 1
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    Chapter Linked Data for the Categorization of Failures Mechanisms in Existing Unreinforced Masonry Buildings (2024)
    Firenze University Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Assessing the structural integrity of unreinforced masonry structures is a complex and time-consuming process that necessitates the knowledge of various experts and meticulous cross-referencing of diverse data to achieve a comprehensive understanding of the building. In recent years, the Architecture and Construction Industry has witnessed a digital transformation, largely driven by Building Information Modeling (BIM). BIM has proven immensely valuable in the conservation of historic buildings. However, while it excels in new construction projects, its full potential is not fully realized when dealing with existing structures. A clear example of this limitation can be observed in the Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) format, which lacks instances necessary for accurately representing existing building features. This research contribution aims to advance the process of semantic enrichment of BIM for existing buildings, building upon findings from existing literature. Leveraging the Linked Data Approach and utilizing both existing ontologies and newly proposed domain ontologies, the objective is to facilitate the identification of vulnerabilities and potential local failure mechanisms. The geometric information of the building is represented in the IFC STEP format and enriched semantically by establishing new relationships between classes that are not present in the standard IFC. This approach is applied to a case study in the historical center of Castelnuovo di Porto, Italy. The results of this work demonstrate how the proposed model, enhancing the BIM representation of existing buildings and enabling better identification of potential weaknesses, contributes to improved preservation and seismic resilience of historic structures
    Keywords: BIM ; Linked Data ; Semantic Modeling ; Historic Constructions ; Structural Masonry ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UT Computer networking and communications::UTV Virtualization
    Language: English
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  • 2
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    Chapter «Professors of the Street»: Cognitive Justice in Times of ‘Crisis’ (2024)
    Firenze University Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-03
    Description: Arundati Roy (2020) states that historically pandemics have forced humans to break with the past and imagine their world anew. This chapter, set in the COVID-19 pandemic, centres the importance of cognitive justice which is an essential part of the struggles for justice against domination. Cognitive justice is used as a lens to explore the case story of Cape Town Together (CTT), which was a response to COVID-19. The social movement was built, bottom up, challenging the deep racial and class divides that are a signature of Cape Town. The concept of ‘professors of the street’ emerged as part of CTT. This concept is explored by locating it within the context of the pandemic and within CTT’s learning/teaching/organising practices. It is argued that ‘professors of the street’ are a provocation to challenge the dominant knowledge hierarchies that prevail – it is a metaphor for the critical importance of grassroots, local knowledge in times of ‘crisis’. The teaching/learning /organising ethos within CTT provided fertile soil for «professors of the street» to emerge as an example of the enactment of cognitive justice within a crisis. The case story offers insights for organising for social-ecological justice in various ‘crisis’ situations.
    Keywords: Cognitive Justice ; COVID-19 ; Crisis ; Social Movement Learning ; Socio-ecological Justice ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education
    Language: English
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  • 3
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    Chapter Consistency Verification Between Cost and Geometric Information Based on IFC: Application on Structural Elements (2024)
    Firenze University Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-07
    Description: Cost estimation for tendering is one of the leading causes of legal disputes in the architecture, engineering, construction, and facilities management (AEC/FM) industry. The lack of a standardised support procedure to verify the association of cost data with the objects model causes waste of time and inaccuracy in the cost estimation. This research work, starting from a previous study where the research group integrated a cost domain in the IFC data schema, investigated the possible applications of this IFC based cost domain integrated with an IFC geometrical information model. The current paper investigates a specific case study focused on a structural model to verify current and future applications. Furthermore, rules for BIM information requirements will be defined through the Information Delivery Specification (IDS) to ensure an easy way for humans and computers to understand it. This will allow to specify which data must be present in the geometric model to subsequently ensure validation and verification of uniqueness of the cost data associated with geometric data. The results show the possibility to define a structured cost items in IFC associated through relationships to other entities and then verify their association to geometric data to guarantee its consistency and uniqueness
    Keywords: IFC ; cost ontology ; BIM ; cost item ; Information Delivery Specification (IDS) ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UT Computer networking and communications::UTV Virtualization
    Language: English
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  • 4
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    Chapter Solar Potential and Energy Assessment Data in U-BEM Models: Interoperability Analysis Between Performance Simulation Tools and OpenBIM/GIS Platforms (2024)
    Firenze University Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-03
    Description: To evaluate the energy and solar potential of the building stock and address feasibility studies of building retrofit interventions information standards are required to ensure proper data flow from building and urban models to simulation environments. Energy performance data are gathered from different information containers and therefore the result of simulations needs to be shared in BIM/GIS environments to better address energy policies and decision-making processes. Solar potential and energy retrofit estimation, developed by means of urban models (U-BEM) are too rough to support a decision-making process, even if at a feasibility stage. On the opposite, strategic decisions are defined with reference to large building stocks that require a U-BEM approach. To increase the reliability of this kind of simulations the study proposes to integrate U-BEMS with BIM-based data that are aggregated and published at urban scale as average performance indicators of built systems. The interoperability problem is analyzed both for simulation tools that need to manage this kind of data and openBIM/GIS platforms that need to share performance indicators and simulation results
    Keywords: Energy potential ; Solar potential ; IFC ; BIM ; U-BEM ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UT Computer networking and communications::UTV Virtualization
    Language: English
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  • 5
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    Chapter Improving BIM Authoring Process Reproducibility with Enhanced BIM Logging (2024)
    Firenze University Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-03
    Description: This paper presents an enhanced BIM logger designed to capture both geometry and attribute changes of building element geometries, thereby offering a transparent source of representation of the BIM authoring process. The authors developed the logger and reproduction algorithm using the Revit C# API based on the analysis of information required to define building elements and associated attributes. The enhanced BIM log was evaluated through a case study of Villa Savoye designed by Le Corbusier. Despite negligible discrepancies, the results show that the enhanced BIM log can accurately represent the BIM authoring process capturing and reproducing 92.45% of the building elements from the original BIM model. Future research can focus on expanding the scope of logging and probing the potential of automating the BIM authoring process using these enhanced BIM logs
    Keywords: Building information modeling (BIM) ; BIM log mining ; BIM authoring software ; Custom BIM log ; Authoring process reproducibility ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UT Computer networking and communications::UTV Virtualization
    Language: English
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  • 6
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    Chapter Liberation, Empowerment and Decolonisation through Adult Education in Africa (2024)
    Firenze University Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-08
    Description: Adult Education is an interdisciplinary field that often includes a focus on social justice issues and thus prompts a liberation, empowerment, and decolonisation approach to adult education. The purpose of this chapter is to report findings from informed by the papers of Lalage Bown held by the Bodleian Library at the University of Oxford, and the British Library. The chapter explores the concepts and nexuses of liberation empowerment and decolonisation through Adult Education in Africa. It addresses liberation and empowerment in the life of Lalage Bown in Africa, and her life and family background. It also explores her perceptions on decolonisation and the key reasons why she fought for the oppressed through Adult Education during her stay in Africa. The paper examines Lalage Bown’s work experiences in different universities in Africa – including Nigeria – Britain, and her new ideas, including her approach to colonisation, Colonial Development and Welfare Fund. Finally, it discusses Lalage Bown’s Legacy.
    Keywords: Colonialism ; Decolonisation ; Empowerment ; Lalage Bown ; Liberation ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education
    Language: English
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  • 7
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    Chapter Towards a Framework for Railway Network Assets Management Based on BIM/GIS Integration (2024)
    Firenze University Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Complex infrastructures such as railway networks face increasing challenges related to resource allocation, external events, constraints, and demands. Therefore, it is crucial to optimize the Asset Management (AM) phase to ensure the value and functionality of the assets. The integration of Building Information Modelling (BIM) and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) can support this phase, but it can only yield benefits with a comprehensive approach that considers and addresses the specific needs and resources of the assets and their AM organization. The main benefits include improved data management, manipulation, information visualization and optimized resource allocation. This study describes an intermediate step towards developing a BIM/GIS integration framework for AM that can guide both researchers and practitioners. The framework aims to bridge theory and practice by incorporating insights from literature reviews and case studies. Its main objectives are to provide a comprehensive multi-stakeholder view and methods for effectively integrating BIM and GIS in this context. To develop the framework, the study employed focus groups, interviews, and practical BIM/GIS tests, which provided insights reported in this article. Furthermore, the study provides research directions for effective BIM/GIS integration in infrastructure AM
    Keywords: Building Information Modeling ; BIM ; Geographic Information Systems ; GIS ; BIM/GIS integration ; Asset Management ; Railway ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UT Computer networking and communications::UTV Virtualization
    Language: English
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  • 8
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    Chapter Application of Smart Technologies for Assessing Users’ Well-Being for Immersive Design Strategies: A State-of-the-Art Review (2024)
    Firenze University Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: As never before, during the COVID-19 pandemic, the effectiveness of the digital design strategies on the user’s well-being has been questioned. However, a research branch astride digital design and neuroscience able to overcome net discipline borders to analyse users’ well-being seems to be lacking. Today mainly qualitative data are used in the design field for the investigation of users’ quality experience. Although fundamental, they also have great disadvantages such as unanswered questions, unconscientious responses, and respondents’ biases. As such, a systematic state of art review is presented to find methodologies and tools currently used in medicine to identify the impact of digital design strategies (XR) on users’ well-being through quantitative and objective data. The main technologies used for this purpose have been synthesized in a schematic chart by reporting the principal related biometric data (skin conductivity, heart rate metrics and breathing rates), as well as other technologies such as video/images/audio analysis based on sensors and machine learning to reach out mass numbers. In conclusion, gaps and future applications of this innovative approach within the virtual environment have been identified by the authors
    Keywords: extended reality ; virtual reality ; neuro-design ; digital design ; immersive experience ; user experience ; well-being assessment ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UT Computer networking and communications::UTV Virtualization
    Language: English
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  • 9
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    Chapter The Writing of County Histories in Early Modern England (2024)
    Firenze University Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-06
    Description: The writing of county history in England experienced its first boom from the 1570s to the 1650s, during which time a series of outstanding county histories were written, including William Lambarde’s Perambulation of Kent, William Burton’s Description of Leicestershire and William Dugdale’s Antiquities of Warwickshire. All these works are manifestations of the phenomenon of ‘county history writing by the gentry’. County histories are primarily about local place names and famous persons, but also give accounts related to rivers, mountains, land, architecture, real estate, family clans, regional customs and histories. This essay illustrates the sociocultural phenomenon of ‘county history writing by the gentry’ in the view of the formation of the nation state, and aims to demonstrate the significance and value of the writing of county histories by gentlemen, from the perspective of the ‘community of county gentry’.
    Keywords: Early Modern England ; Gentry ; Historiography ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History
    Language: English
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  • 10
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    Chapter Safety Training for Rigging Using Virtual Reality (2024)
    Firenze University Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-07
    Description: Tower and Mobile Cranes are some of the most commonly used heavy equipment in all construction sites, and any crane failures could lead to significant human and monetary losses. Moreover, rigging configuration determination is a critical task that requires the rigging crew to have significant experience and knowledge of various failure modes that can be encountered when performing lifting operations. However, despite the criticality of training riggers, there has yet to be a comprehensive tool used to train and guide inexperienced riggers, and hence, more practical tools are needed. This paper proposes a framework for using Virtual reality (VR) and simulation to train riggers to identify the optimal rigging configurations based on the lift type and the external conditions. Through 3D modeling, the critical components of the rigging system are modeled to accurately simulate the rigging system and their performance when faced with critical loading scenarios. The developed framework is expected to allow inexperienced riggers to identify critical failure modes and enhance construction operations' overall safety performance and productivity. Furthermore, several scenarios are assessed based on historical evidence for rigging configuration failures, and the efficiency of the training tool is assessed through real-life scenarios and tests
    Keywords: Crane Operations ; Lift Planning ; Rigging ; Safety ; Training ; Virtual Reality ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UT Computer networking and communications::UTV Virtualization
    Language: English
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  • 11
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    Chapter A Systematic Literature Review to Identify a Methodological Approach for Use in the Modelling and Forecasting of Capital Expenditure of Hyperscale Data Centres (2024)
    Firenze University Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-06
    Description: The theme of ‘Managing the digital transformation of the construction industry’ emphasises the importance of considering various dimensions of digitalisation and optimising the built environment. This review aims to present methodological approaches from existing literature that elucidate location-related factors impacting the capital cost of data centres. These findings facilitate adjustments to historical cost data when estimating total costs for new data centres. A systematic literature review method was employed to ensure an objective and comprehensive synthesis. In conjunction with Bayes's theory, this review identifies that a Delphi methodology is the most suitable methodological approach for forecasting and modelling capital expenditure for hyper-scale data centres. The methodology enables collective decision-making and consensus building, recognising the stakeholder's pivotal role in shaping the future of data centres. These findings offer valuable insights for researchers and practitioners in forming a methodological approach for further investigations into the location-related factors impacting the capital cost of data centres. Embracing this knowledge allows us to align research and practice, ensuring that these practices become integral to shaping the future of data centres and the digitalisation and optimisation of the built environment
    Keywords: cost ; decision analysis ; forecasting ; data centres ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology
    Language: English
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  • 12
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    Chapter Integrating Green Roofs into Building Information Modeling (BIM): A Computational Approach for Sustainable Building Design (2024)
    Firenze University Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-03
    Description: The construction industry is currently witnessing a transformative period characterized by the convergence of the green and digital transitions. The green transition seeks to address environmental challenges such as climate change and resource depletion, while the digital transition leverages advanced technologies to enhance construction processes. This paper specifically explores the integration of green roofs, as component of sustainable buildings, into the Building Information Modeling (BIM) framework, a key enabler of the digital transition. Green roofs, known for their environmental benefits, consist of layers that contribute to energy efficiency, stormwater management, and biodiversity enhancement. To optimize their design and performance, this research employs Dynamo Visual Programming Language (VPL) within Autodesk Revit to create parametric models of green roofs. These models facilitate the evaluation of thermal and structural characteristics under varying water content conditions (dry and saturated). Results reveal that the choice of substrate and drainage materials significantly impacts thermal resistance, particularly in dry conditions. However, in saturated conditions, the influence on thermal performance converges, emphasizing the importance of structural considerations in both scenarios. The research also highlights various limitations and outlines avenues for future studies, including expanding the range of materials, exploring additional performance metrics, and incorporating AI and machine learning techniques. By addressing these aspects, this research contributes to a comprehensive understanding of the integration of green roofs and BIM. It provides designers and researchers with a practical tool for optimizing green roof designs, aligning with contemporary sustainable construction practices, and promoting the holistic development of green buildings
    Keywords: Sustainability integration ; Parametric modeling ; Digital Transformation ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology
    Language: English
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  • 13
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    Chapter Virtual Human-Building Interaction Experimentation Ontology (VHBIEO): A VHBIEO-Based Metadata-Driven Exploration (2024)
    Firenze University Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-06
    Description: Virtual reality (VR) offers promise as a tool for building performance simulations, especially when considering human-building interactions in buildings or spaces still under design. However, the absence of standardized data protocols impedes the consistent sharing of VR-related experiments and findings. This makes advancing VR experimentation as a reliable method for studying human-building dynamics challenging. The authors introduced the Virtual Human-Building Interaction Experimentation Ontology (VHBIEO) to address the challenge. VHBIEO seeks to standardize experimentation details as a domain-specific ontology, enhancing their interoperability. It includes essential experimentation concepts and employs semantic web technologies to ensure machine readability. Moreover, it integrates an application view (APV) to tailor details to specific experiments. Using VHBIEO-based metadata, this paper presents a case study aiming to standardize experiments that validate thermal sensations in immersive virtual environments (IVE), encompassing experimental protocol, variables, design, and data gathering. By exploring the main characteristics of VHBIEO-based metadata, the authors discuss its potential to improve the reliability of human-building interaction research
    Keywords: Ontology ; Metadata ; Human-building interaction ; Occupant behavior ; Virtual reality ; Building ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UT Computer networking and communications::UTV Virtualization
    Language: English
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  • 14
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    Chapter Creation and Acceptance of Low-Threshold Mobile Training on Sustainability in Construction (2024)
    Firenze University Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Many recent developments in mixed reality applications are exploited for research on improving training in the construction industry. While immersive technologies offer indisputable advantages over classic paper- or multi-media-based training material, access to this kind of technology is still very limited in the academic world and even less widespread in industry. In this paper, the authors follow the current trend of creating low-threshold micro-learning nuggets, which are easily consumable on mobile devices but can be accessed in every web browser. This is essential to reach the construction trade workforces, which for the most part will own a smart or mobile device, but neither specialized equipment, nor will there be time or patience for a lengthy setup phase before learning content consumption. The learning content aims to give construction workers a clear vision of what some of the fundamental components of a sustainable construction site should look like and what role they play in achieving the said vision. The learning content revolves around the initial idea of DGNB certification (German: German Sustainable Building Council), waste management, certification of construction wood, handling of harmful substances and chemicals and some general health and safety regulations that impact the emission of dust, noise and vibration. The paper describes the general approach of the planning, orchestration of learning material, development of the learning nugget, and deployment, as well as a study for acceptance and user experience
    Keywords: DGNB ; continuous education and training ; micro-learning nuggets ; responsible consumption and production ; smart and mobile devices ; sustainable construction ; ubiquitous learning ; workforce ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education
    Language: English
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  • 15
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    Chapter Bayes Theory as a Methodological Approach to Assess the Impact of Location Variables of Hyperscale Data Centres: Testing a Concept (2024)
    Firenze University Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The theme of ’The Impact of Engineering Practices on a Sustainable Built Environment’ emphasises the importance of considering various dimensions of resilient infrastructure. Selecting the location for a Hyperscale Data Centre is a crucial process that involves assessing the impact of various location variables. To determine the viability of a location, it is essential to identify the potential risks associated with each variable. This paper presents a proprietary methodological approach that includes a Delphi study to identify risks, a Likert scoring system to assess prior probabilities, and a Bayesian theory-based decision tree to assess the impact through risk prediction. The paper's contributions are significant, and the proposed methodology makes it possible to predict the risk level of each location variable by identifying the appropriate contingency percentage. The study's findings indicate that the paper's proposed approach is an effective way to mitigate the risks associated with selecting a location for a Hyperscale Data Centre. Embracing this knowledge allows us to align research and practise with the conference’s call to studying the resilience of buildings and infrastructure to natural disasters and climate change, and developing strategies for adaptation and mitigation, ensuring that these practises become integral to shaping the future of Data Centres
    Keywords: Bayes Theorem ; Delphi ; Data Centre ; Location Variables ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology
    Language: English
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  • 16
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    Chapter Urban Centres Management: A Digital Twin Approach (2024)
    Firenze University Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The management of the built environment is a topic that requires reference to the management of complex systems. In fact, the variety of domains involved means that the management of urban centers is not only complicated, and therefore it is not enough to model a set of rules that are representative of phenomena related to the real environment. Not only that, but what is evident is that emergency management lacks the ability to access real-time information that could be decisive. Having tools that provide real-time data, that reprocess it, and that are able to provide an enriched and slightly predictive view of what is happening offers the possibility of having a real impact in the management of the built environment. In this sense, digital twins are a valuable approach to achieving the desired results. Digital twins through the integration of technologies such as lnternet of Things (IoT), simulators, Artificial Intelligence (AI), and Augmented Reality (AR) technologies make it possible to develop systems capable of exploiting the concept of collective intelligence, in a digital version, through a large number of heterogeneous agents working according to stigmergic mechanisms. This research work aims to propose its own architecture of digital twins for the management of resilient urban centers, with particular reference to the management of post-earthquake reconstruction scenarios
    Keywords: Digital twin ; urban environment management ; urban centers ; smart cities ; emergency management ; BIM ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UT Computer networking and communications::UTV Virtualization
    Language: English
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  • 17
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    Chapter On Some Aspects of the Presence of Translated Ukrainian Literature in Poland after 1989 (2024)
    Firenze University Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-07
    Description: The article is devoted to specific issues relating to the Polish reception of Ukrainian literature after 1989. In particular, the authors address the topic of the translation of Ukrainian literary works into Polish. Firstly, the major agents who choose and promote works that they deem should be translated into Polish are presented. The authors discuss the cases of two translators, Ola Hnatiuk and Bohdan Zadura, who have played crucial roles in this process and have also acted as literary agents. The image of Ukrainian literature conveyed to Polish readers reflects the ideals of the translators, their individual preferences and attitudes, and their conception of their own canon. Another outstanding agent is the publishing house Czarne: the article illustrates its peculiarities and its importance to the dissemination of Ukrainian literature in Poland. Secondly, the article concentrates on the translations from the point of view of the source language and examines the case of Russophone Ukrainian literature in order to explore the extent to which it is represented on the Polish book market. Finally, the authors try to assess whether and how the full-scale invasion of Ukraine on February 24th, 2022 has influenced the dynamics of the translation of Ukrainian literature into Polish.
    Keywords: Translations from Ukrainian into Polish ; Ola Hnatiuk ; Bohdan Zadura ; Czarne publishing house ; Russophone Ukrainian literature ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism
    Language: English
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  • 18
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    Chapter Semi-Automatic Workflow for Air-Conditioning System Zoning and Simulation (2024)
    Firenze University Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Building information modeling (BIM) shows its potential in the performance driven design, where multiple design solutions are generated and selected against certain design goals. This paper proposes a workflow to generate and simulate multiple thermal zoning schemes toward a semi-automatic design process of air-conditioning (AC) system. Thermal zoning plays a pivotal role in the design thinking of engineers by synthesizing load calculation, equipment sizing, and pipe/duct layout. However, it is often done intuitively with influence on performance unknown at the initial stage. To make it quantitative, we decompose the zoning process into three levels (thermal/control/system) of space aggregation, joining both semantic and numeric characteristics. For the semantic part, space functions are considered by space labeling, accessibility, and adjacency. As to the numeric part, spaces are zoned based on their thermal response similarities, revealed by dynamic mode decomposition on simulated free-float temperature. Then, the system zoning is generated by rolling out convenient distribution network layouts, representing typical fan-coil or variable-air-volume systems. Variables at each level contribute to the "generative" zoning. Based on multiple zoning schemes, the configurations are serialized into EnergyPlus and Modelica inputs for co-simulation. Initial cost, energy consumption, and comfort level of conditioning join together for the zoning evaluation. The entire workflow is implemented in Grasshopper with self-developed plugins
    Keywords: BIM ; Thermal zoning ; Generative design ; HVAC system ; Performance simulation ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UT Computer networking and communications::UTV Virtualization
    Language: English
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  • 19
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    Chapter Emotion and Female Authority: A Comparison of Chinese and English Fiction in the Eighteenth Century (2024)
    Firenze University Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-03
    Description: This essay considers how early modern Chinese romance novels conceive of female agency and how this conception was received by prominent cultural elites in eighteenth-century England. In his notes to Hau Kiou Choaan, the first English translation of a full-length Chinese novel, Thomas Percy referred to the novel’s heroine as a “masculine woman”, displaying a peculiar misreading of its trope of female cross-dressing. The essay argues that the increasing association of women with the private sphere in eighteenth-century English culture is a crucial context to consider when we study the initial spread of Chinese fiction in England.
    Keywords: England ; China ; Eighteenth Century ; Fiction ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History
    Language: English
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  • 20
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    Chapter Pragmatic aspects of the vocative-nominative competition in addressative function across Slavic languages (2024)
    Firenze University Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The study tests the hypothesis according to which the Slavic anthroponyms in -e and -o underwent evolution from vocative endings to hypocoristic derivative suffixes and then to anthroponymic formants. According to the Author, such a hypothesis can be considered entirely plausible, albeit only as a mechanism of formation parallel to and intertwined with other processes of morphemic function change. As a phenomenon observable in both diachrony and synchrony, categorial lability between vocative and word formation can thus be considered inherent in the system of Slavic languages. However the anthroponyms in -e and -o have had different diffusion and distribution in the various Slavic languages and today occupy dissimilar places within the system and varieties of each language.
    Keywords: Vocative case ; Pragmatic strategies ; Slavic standard languages ; Inter Slavic contrastive approach ; thema EDItEUR::C Language and Linguistics::CF Linguistics ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism
    Language: English
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  • 21
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    Chapter A Robotic Method to Insert Batt Insulation into Light-Frame Wood Wall for Panel Prefabrications (2024)
    Firenze University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-07
    Description: Currently, industrial robot arms are trending in prefabricated building construction; however, a notable gap exists in established automated processes and related research specifically for the insertion of batt thermal insulation. The current method for accomplishing this task relies on manual insertion, which is labour-intensive for the workers and poses long-term health and safety concerns. This research presents an ongoing research project aimed at developing a feasible robotic process for the automated insertion of batt thermal insulation into prefabricated light-frame wood wall frames. This research focuses on the utilization of a single 6-degree-of-freedom robot arm for the insertion process, complimented by the design of a custom-built end-effector. The proposed robotic insertion process, named GLITPP, comprises of six major steps: (1) Grasp, (2) Lift, (3) Insert, (4) Tilt, (5) Push, and (6) Press. The GLITPP insertion process, along with the custom-built end-effector effectively mitigates the influence of the insulation’s nonlinear mechanical properties, while also taking collision avoidance into consideration. This ensures a tight-fitting insulation within the frame cavity, without visible gaps and deficiencies. The necessary physical operating parameters for the insertion process, such as angles, offset, and force requirements, are identified to ensure the precision, efficiency, and repeatability of insertion. A prototype of the designed end-effector is used to demonstrate and validate the robotic method, achieved a high success rate of 93.3%. The development of this research will further advance the complete automation of light-frame wood wall panel prefabrication, offering the industry a wider range of options for selecting thermal insulation for their processes
    Keywords: Robotic Building Prefabrication ; Robotic Insertion ; Light-frame Wood Construction ; Robotic End-effector ; Automation in Construction ; Thermal Insulation ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology
    Language: English
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    Chapter Reading Stalinism: Stalinist Culture as a Research Feld in the West (2024)
    Firenze University Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: This article analyses the research field of Stalinist culture, which has been rapidly changing since the early 1990s when the study of Stalinism left the sphere of traditional Sovietology and gradually became one of the dominant subjects in the history of the 20th century. Among the main factors that influenced the formation of this research field, one can name the change of generations of scholars, inter-disciplinarity and methodological shifts, democratization, and the opening of archives, as well as changes in the academic economy. However, in general, the analysis of Western historiography reveals numerous gaps in the study of Stalinism and the need for new methodological and institutional changes.
    Keywords: Post-Soviet historiography ; Cultural history ; Sovietology ; Revisionism ; Stalinism ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism
    Language: English
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    Chapter Extracting Information from Construction Safety Requirements Using Large Language Model (2024)
    Firenze University Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-07
    Description: The construction industry has long been recognized for its complex safety regulations, which are essential to ensure the well-being of on-site employees. However, navigating these regulations and ensuring compliance can be challenging due to the volume and complexity of the documents involved. This study proposes a novel approach to extracting information from construction safety documents utilizing Large Language Models (LLM), called CSQA, to provide real-time, precise answers to queries related to safety regulations. The approach comprises three modules: (1) the construction safety investigation module (CSI) collects safety regulations for building the information needed. By leveraging a collection of safety regulation PDFs, the system follows a process of text extraction, preprocessing, and global indexing for efficient search. (2) The safety condition identification module (SCI) retrieves the CSI database; after that, the LLM, with its extensive training, processes user queries, searches the indexed regulations, and retrieves pertinent information. (3) the safety information delivery (SID) would provide the answer to the user and incorporate a feedback mechanism to further refine system accuracy based on user responses. Preliminary evaluations reveal the system's superior performance over traditional search engines, owing to its ability to grasp query context and nuances. The CSQA presents a promising method for accessing safety regulations, with potential benefits including reduced non-compliance incidents, enhanced worker safety, and streamlined regulatory consultations in construction
    Keywords: Construction safety document ; extraction ; LLM ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology
    Language: English
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    Chapter Optimal Number of Cue Objects for Photo-Based Indoor Localization (2024)
    Firenze University Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-03
    Description: Building information modeling (BIM) is widely used to generate indoor images for indoor localization. However, changes in camera angles and indoor conditions mean that photos are much more changeable than BIM images. This makes any attempt at localization based on the similarity between real photos and BIM images challenging. To overcome this limitation, we propose a reasoning-based approach for determining the location of a photo by detecting the cue objects in the photo and the relationships between them. The aim of this preliminary study was to determine the optimal number of cue objects required for an indoor image. If there are too few cue objects in an indoor image, it results in an excessive number of location candidates. Conversely, if there are too many cue objects, the accuracy of object detection in an image decreases. Theoretically, a larger number of cue objects would improve the reasoning process; however, too many cue objects could lead to declining object detection performance. The experimental results demonstrated that of two to five cue objects, three cue objects is most likely to yield optimal performance
    Keywords: indoor location determination ; BIM ; reasoning ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UT Computer networking and communications::UTV Virtualization
    Language: English
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    Chapter Collaborative Site Layout Planning Using Multi-Touch Table and Immersive VR (2024)
    Firenze University Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-06
    Description: Building Information Modeling (BIM) is changing the way architects and engineers produce and deliver design results, and object-oriented 3D models are now starting to replace traditional 2D drawings during the construction phase. This allows for a number of applications to increase efficiency, such as quantity take-off, cost-estimation, and planning, but it also supports better communication and increased understanding at the construction site by means of detailed 3D models together with various visualization techniques. However, even in projects with a fully BIM-based design, there is one remaining part that is still done primarily using 2D drawings and sketches – the construction site layout plan. In addition to not take advantage of the benefits offered by 3D, it also makes it difficult to integrate site layout planning within the openBIM ecosystem. In this paper we present the design and evaluation of a user-friendly, IFC-compatible software system that supports collaborative, multi-user creation of construction site layout plans using both multi-touch table and immersive VR. By allowing temporary structures, machines, and other components to be easily added and updated it is possible to continuously produce and communicate 3D site layout plans that are aligned with the schedule and supports integration with other BIM-tools
    Keywords: BIM ; VIRTUAL REALITY ; VR ; OPENBIM ; IFC ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UT Computer networking and communications::UTV Virtualization
    Language: English
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    International Teaching and Learning Settings in the Academic Professionalisation of Adult Education (2024)
    Firenze University Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-07
    Description: Academic education plays an important role in the development of professionalism of adult educators. Given the interconnectedness of adult education with global and international developments, this international and comparative study illustrates the need for a systematic and comprehensive internationalisation of adult education programmes and the relevance of international teaching and learning settings for the development of professionalism in adult education. Based on focus group and graduate interviews of three master’s programmes with a focus on adult education at the Universities of Würzburg, Belgrade and Florence, similarities and differences in the internationalisation of the programmes are revealed and supporting factors for the development of professionalism are highlighted.
    Keywords: Internationalisation ; Adult Education ; International Mobility ; Academic Professionalisation ; Higher Education ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education::JNA Philosophy and theory of education
    Language: English
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    Chapter Challenges and Opportunities for Lifelong Learning in Universities Resulting from Ukrainian Migration (2024)
    Firenze University Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: The current political conflict in Ukraine has led to a surge in forcibly displaced migrants across Europe. This chapter sets out to look at the meaning of the term ‘forced migrant’ and the challenges faced in integrating migrants into the labour market. The movement of people has included many skilled professionals, including staff and students from Ukrainian universities. This chapter examines some issues in integrating such groups into the workforce. It also looks at some of the schemes set up to enable displaced researchers to continue with their research and the potential benefits which this offers for participants.
    Keywords: Forced Migration ; Integration ; Researches ; Ukraine ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education
    Language: English
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    Errors, False Opinions and Defective Knowledge in Early Modern Europe (2024)
    Firenze University Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-06
    Description: This volume offers a series of insights into the fascinating topic of errors and false opinions in early modern Europe. It explores the semantic richness of the category of ‘error’ in a time when such category becomes crucial to European thought and culture. During decades of increasing normativity in the social and religious sphere as well as in the epistemological status of disciplines, recognizing and correcting error becomes an imperative task whose importance can hardly be overestimated. The efforts at establishing religious, political, and scientific orthodoxy led philosophers, doctors, philologist, scientist, and theologians, to reconsider the very foundations of knowledge in the attempt to dispel errors. Spanning geographically from Italy to France, England, and Germany, the articles here gathered provide stimulating glimpses into one of the most fascinating, multifaceted, and controversial aspects of early modern culture.
    Keywords: Error ; Opinions ; Heresy ; History of Science ; History of Knowledge ; Philology ; Medicine ; Experiment ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDH Philosophical traditions and schools of thought
    Language: English
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    Chapter Lalage Bown: The Enduring Legacy. A Personal Reflection (2024)
    Firenze University Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-08
    Description: This personal reflection of Lalage Bown focuses upon her professional contributions internationally to the field of progressive adult and continuing education, and her remarkable personality and charisma. Although the contexts for her work varied considerably over her many decades of activism and leadership, the values underpinning her approach remained constant. The chapter begins by outlining the nature of these guiding principles, and then considers her intellectual achievements, as exemplified in her 1994 Lecture on Radical Social Purpose Adult Education. Lalage had, by common consent, a memorable ‘presence’ as a public speaker, and this rare talent is discussed and some examples given. The chapter concludes with some personal reminiscences, which try to give a flavour of her unforgettable character; and some suggestions about some (realistic) policy priorities which Lalage might be campaigning for in the 2020s.
    Keywords: Adult Education ; Charisma ; Personality ; Principles ; Social Purpose ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education
    Language: English
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    Chapter A Value Stream Mapping Approach to the Identification of Lean Management Opportunities for Off-Site Construction Production: A Case of Reinforced Concrete Slabs (2024)
    Firenze University Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-06
    Description: Off-site construction (OSC), including prefabrication and Modular-integrated Construction (MiC), is gaining popularity as a school of sustainable construction methods that can improve productivity, quality, and waste reduction. However, OSC projects face challenges related to technical integration, collaboration among stakeholders, and dynamic uncertainties. As a result, high-quality standards throughout the manufacturing process of OSC products are difficult to ensure, leading to costly rework, delays, and safety issues. This paper applies a value stream mapping (VSM) approach based on lean principles to OSC production for identifying lean management opportunities for off-site construction production. The case studied in this paper is reinforced concrete slabs. First, we employed a combination of field investigations and interviews to formalize the flow of materials and information for the case. Then, VSM processed the flow for the current state map, which highlights twelve opportunities to prioritize for slab production, e.g., the adoption of digital technology (VR, BIM) in information flows. The findings in value-added activities improvement of the opportunities demonstrate the potential of lean management in the slab production case. Furthermore, the VSM approach in this paper can identify the ‘wastes’ in lean theory, which are the control points of OSC production, for enhancing quality, efficiency, and resource utilization. The findings contribute to the existing body of knowledge by providing empirical evidence of the VSM approach to the identification of lean management opportunities for OSC production
    Keywords: Off-site construction ; Prefabricated products ; Lean management ; Value stream mapping ; Quality assurance ; Construction industrialization ; Lean construction ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology
    Language: English
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    Chapter Gen AI and Interior Design Representation: Applying Design Styles Using Fine-Tuned Models (2024)
    Firenze University Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-07
    Description: This paper explores the applicability of Image-generation AI in the field of interior architectural design, with a particular focus on automating interior design representation based on design styles. Interior design representation involves a complex process that integrates visual elements with functionality and user experience. Effectively visualizing this process is essential for facilitating communication among the various stakeholders involved in the design process. However, traditional visualization methods are constrained by expert resources, costs, and time limitations. In contrast, image-generation AI has the potential to automate various design elements, including design styles, components, and spatial arrangements, to enhance representation. In this study, we evaluated the performance of a base model using various design styles and, based on the evaluation results, selected styles for fine-tuning. The methodology for fine-tuning these design styles involved the following steps: 1) data preparation and preprocessing, 2) hyperparameter optimization, and 3) model training and construction. Utilizing the fine-tuned model thus constructed, we conducted image generation demonstrations. The research results revealed that design styles not well represented by the base model were effectively captured, and high-quality images were generated by the fine-tuned model. Notably, this fine-tuned model demonstrated the ability to represent images of specific design styles with a high degree of accuracy in capturing the characteristics and keywords associated with each style, compared to the base model. This implies that through fine-tuning image-generation AI, a wide range of applications can be inferred when aiming to create customized designs by considering these aspects. In conclusion, this study explores an efficient approach to interior design representation in the field of interior architecture by employing image-generation AI and proposes a method to effectively generate visualized images by training on design style keywords. Through this approach, our study can contribute to improving the interior design process by facilitating the generation of visualized images that reflect design styles. Furthermore, the study aims to suggest the potential for applying this approach not only to the field of interior architecture but also across various domains to achieve effective visualization
    Keywords: Interior Architecture Design ; Interior Design Representation ; Generative AI ; Model Fine-tuning ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence
    Language: English
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    Chapter The Existential byt’ in the Translations of I.A. Bunin’s The Gentleman from San Francisco into English and Japanese (2024)
    Firenze University Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-06
    Description: This article deals with the translations of a Bunin’s story The Gentleman from San Francisco into Japanese and English. Japanese translations of the phrase with the existential verb byt’ reflect a different understanding of death. A comparison of the original text with the translations also helps us understand the image of the gentleman’s being, bytie, which changes as the story develops.
    Keywords: Ivan Bunin’s The Gentleman from San Francisco ; Japanese translation ; English translation ; the verb byt’ ; existential expressions ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism
    Language: English
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    Chapter A Decolonial Intent. Lalage Bown and the Emergence of an African Voice (2024)
    Firenze University Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-03
    Description: Our chapter provides evidence of Lalage’s decolonial intent through two narratives linked to two conferences. First is the story of her work as Secretary for the two sessions of the International Congress of Africanists actually held in Africa. The second is a close-up look of Lalage’s vision of what a truly transformative African approach to education for liberation looked like. Michael Omolewa, with his historical touch, has drawn on documents from Lalage’s papers in the Oxford University archives and elsewhere. The second story comes from Budd Hall’s personal experience working with Lalage on the organising of the 1971 meeting of the African Association of Adult Education in Dar es Salaam. Taken together these stories provide insights into Lalage’s commitment to providing space for African intellectuals and political leaders to rise from the colonial constraints of the day as well as to her ideas about the practical work needed to break colonial chains politically and institutionally. We close with a poem, a tribute to Lalage written by Budd on the occasion of her 90th birthday.
    Keywords: African Studies ; Decolonisation ; Nigeria ; Nyerere ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHT History: specific events and topics::NHTQ Colonialism and imperialism
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    Chapter Visualization of Weather-Aware Ambient Heat Risks With Global Illumination in Game Engine (2024)
    Firenze University Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-06
    Description: In recent years, the risk of heat stroke has been increasing due to global warming and other factors, and the Ministry of the Environment has been using the heat index to alert people in urban areas. Still, citizens need help knowing the detailed risk information for their neighborhoods. The heat index considers the human body's heat balance and is measured with specialized instruments, so comprehensive and high-density measurement is difficult. In this research, by using global illumination (GI) and primary weather data obtained from the Open Weather Map API for each area, we can realistically render the sunlight condition considering the weather and map and visualize the heat index per pixel based on shaded CG. Furthermore, by reconstructing urban 3D geometry from Google Maps, we have developed a system that visualizes the ever-changing heat index distribution for an arbitrary location in real time. The system has shown the possibility of reducing the number of heat stroke patients by using this system
    Keywords: heat index ; WBGT (wet bulb globe temperature) ; real-time global illumination ; game engine ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology
    Language: English
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    Chapter Leveraging Smart Contracts in Building Information Modeling (BIM) for Unified Project Execution: A Theoretical Framework. (2024)
    Firenze University Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-07
    Description: Over time, several procurement methods have been adopted to facilitate the successful delivery of construction projects with minimal financial losses in order to offer maximum value to clients. In recent years, the Integrated Project Delivery (IPD) procurement model has been introduced for better overall financial performance. In this model, every member of the project team has a stake in overall profit or risk irrespective of the extent of their roles and change orders and correction of errors and omissions are managed effectively with minimal contractual disruptions. This paper aims to address some of the previously cited barriers in earlier scholarly work, and it proposes a conceptual framework that integrates two novel concepts towards tackling technological and financial barriers in adopting IPD namely, BIM and Smart Contracts (SC). A framework is developed for a BIM-blockchain-IPD whereby the BIM model is integrated with blockchain technology, thereby acting as an immutable and transparent information repository and a platform for interdisciplinary collaboration in Architecture, Engineering and Construction (AEC) projects. The smart contract feature of blockchain technology offers an automated equitable distribution of risk and reward amongst project stakeholders based on agreements at project inception. Thus, the research contributes to a more efficient project delivery method by avoiding information asymmetry amongst stakeholders through a tamper-proof, BIM-enabled Common Data Environment (CDE). The proposed framework is validated with qualitative analysis of information obtained based on AEC industry procurement workflows
    Keywords: Integrated Project Delivery ; Smart Contract ; Blockchain ; BIM ; AEC ; Common Data Environment ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UT Computer networking and communications::UTV Virtualization
    Language: English
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    Chapter Blockchain-BPMN Integrated Framework for Construction Management (2024)
    Firenze University Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-03
    Description: Implementing blockchain benefits various construction management processes, such as securing payments, enabling traceable design process, and enhancing information transparency in supply chain. However, blockchain implementation in construction is still in its infancy due to weak functionality of smart contracts, which are self-enforceable programs allowing iteration between external data and blockchain. In the context of construction management that embraces complex and dynamic business processes, smart contracts are currently designed based on specific and isolated functional requirements without considering the connection and execution logic between these functions. It leads to inefficient collaboration and even execution errors, thereby corrupting data quality and even causing business failure. Therefore, this paper proposes a Blockchain-BPMN (Business Process Model and Notation) integrated (BBI) framework for construction management. The framework poses two contributions. First, a BPMN-driven method is developed to design smart contracts supporting executing linked and logically connected business activities. Second, an access control strategy is integrated into smart contracts to safeguard the accessibility of sensitive business data in a blockchain environment. The BBI framework is validated in an actual BIM design collaboration scenario, and results show its feasibility and computational performance are acceptable. Several aspects for improvement and future directions are discussed in the end
    Keywords: Smart contract ; Blockchain ; BPMN ; Construction business process ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology
    Language: English
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    Chapter The Legacy of Lalage Bown: An Inclusive and Post-colonial Vision for Adult Learning and Education (2024)
    Firenze University Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-07
    Description: This chapter introduces the work of Lalage Bown: a highly influential practitioner, researcher and activist who was passionately committed to the role which adult education could play in supporting social justice aims. The four main themes of the book are outlined: adult education and social justice; decolonisation, post-colonialism and indigenous knowledge; from literacy to lifelong learning; and, policy development and supporting future generations of adult educators.
    Keywords: Adult Education and Learning ; Inequality ; Lalage Bown ; Post-colonial ; Social Justice ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education
    Language: English
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    Chapter iSafe Welding System: Computer Vision-Based Monitoring System for Safe Welding Work (2024)
    Firenze University Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-07
    Description: The construction industry faces significant challenges, including a high prevalence of occupational incidents, often involving fires, explosions, and burn-related accidents due to worker non-compliance with safety protocols. Adherence to safety guidelines and proper utilization of safety equipment are critical to preventing such incidents and safeguarding workers in hazardous work environments. Consequently, a monitoring system tailored for construction safety during welding operations becomes imperative to mitigate the risk of fire accidents. This paper conducts a brief analysis of OSHA rules pertaining to welding work and introduces the iSafe Welding system, an advanced real-time safety monitoring and compliance enforcement solution designed specifically for construction site welding operations. Harnessing the real-time object detection algorithm YOLOv7 in conjunction with rule-based scene classification, the system excels in identifying potential safety violations. Rigorous evaluation, encompassing precision, recall, mean Average Precision (mAP), accuracy, and the F1-Score, sheds light on its strengths and areas for improvement. The system showcases robust performance in rule-based scene classification, achieving high accuracy, precision, and recall rates. Notably, the iSafe Welding system demonstrates a formidable potential for enhancing construction site safety and regulatory compliance. Ongoing enhancements, including dataset expansion and model refinement, underscore its commitment to real-world deployment and its strength in ensuring worker safety
    Keywords: Safety monitoring ; scene classification ; welding work ; fire prevention ; construction safety ; OSHA rules compliance ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology
    Language: English
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    Chapter Early Detection and Reconstruction of Abnormal Data Using Hybrid VAE-LSTM Framework (2024)
    Firenze University Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Early failure detection and abnormal data reconstruction in sensor data provided by building ventilation control systems are critical for public health. Early detection of abnormal data can help prevent failures in crucial components of ventilation systems, which can result in a variety of issues, from energy wastage to catastrophic outcomes. However, conventional fault detection models ignore valuable features of dynamic fluctuations in indoor air quality (IAQ) measurements and early warning signals of faulty sensor data. This study introduces a hybrid framework for early failure detection and abnormal data reconstruction applying variance analysis and variational autoencoders (VAE) coupled with the long short-term memory network (VAE-LSTM). The periodicity and stable fluctuation of IAQ data are exploited by variance analysis to detect unusual variations before failure occurs. The IAQ dataset which is corrupted by introducing complete failure, bias failure and precision degradation fault is then used to verify the feasibility of the VAE-LSTM model. The results of variance analysis reveal that unusual behavior of the data can be detected as early as 12 hours before failure occurs. The reconstruction performance of the developed method is shown to be superior to other methods under different abnormal data scenarios
    Keywords: Early failure detection ; Abnormal data reconstruction ; Variational autoencoder (VAE) ; Long short-term memory network (LSTM) ; Sustainable IAQ management ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology
    Language: English
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    Chapter Towards a Digital Era in AEC Higher Education: Combining Theory and Technology to Develop and Deliver Architectural Master Classes (2024)
    Firenze University Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-03
    Description: In recent years, technology has been playing a transformative role in the field of built environment, architecture, and construction education. It can be argued that the emergence of digital technologies has revolutionised the approach to teaching and learning in higher education in these fields. Digital technologies, such as Artificial intelligence (AI), additive manufacturing, robotics, 3D laser scanners, and Immersive Realities (IR), have played a crucial role in enhancing sustainability and efficiency in the industry. However, the opportunities provided by the use of these technologies (as a single tool or combined) in higher education and within the field of Architecture, Engineering, and Construction (AEC) are still relatively unexplored. To address this gap, this work presents a novel pedagogical framework aimed to enhance students’ literacy on emerging technologies, and increase their criticality, and understanding of professional practices along with the related ethical challenges. Furthermore, to assess its effectiveness regarding the integration of immersive VR technologies in the teaching practice, a learner-centred evaluation approach is proposed, based on the collection and correlation of both qualitative and quantitative data. Concerning the former, a dedicated questionnaire is developed to collect students’ subjective feedback. For the latter, a method for tracking their use of space in the virtual environment is discussed. Both the immersive pedagogical framework and evaluation approach presented in this work will be implemented in diverse architecture and civil engineering master classes in Australia and in Italy, and their comparative outcomes and validation will be the object of future joint contributions
    Keywords: Digital and Immersive Pedagogy ; Digital Technology ; Architectural Higher Education ; Immersive Reality ; Evaluation ; Questionnaire ; Spatial tracking ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education
    Language: English
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    The Reception of East Slavic Literatures in the West and the East (2024)
    Firenze University Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-03
    Description: This volume, edited by scholars from diverse backgrounds, stems from the original convergence of various geo-cultural viewpoints on the reception of East Slavic cultures and literatures (Russian, Ukrainian, Belarussian, Soviet): European viewpoints are juxtaposed with those of the Japanese, Chinese, Israeli areas. The volume offers a broad look at the history of the perception of these literatures in Europe, Italy, and East Asia (with special attention to their reception in Japan and China). Contacts, influences, meditations, and difficulties in the perception of literary and cultural phenomena are the subject of original comparative analyses. The vitality with which Slavic-Eastern literatures have found echoes in very distant environments, but also the evolution of the self-perception of Ukrainian literature over time, are among the topics.
    Keywords: East Slavic Literatures ; Reception of Russian literature ; Reception of Ukrainian literature ; Reception of Belarusian literature ; Comparative studies ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism
    Language: English
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    Chapter Towards Construction Safety Management Maturity Model in the Industry 4.0 Era: A State-of-the-Art Review (2024)
    Firenze University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: While the advantages of leveraging advanced technologies and Industry 4.0 for effective safety management have been extensively recognized, the journey towards a more mature integration of Industry 4.0 technologies into safety management practices often lacks a well-defined and systematic guidance map. This research is a step towards providing organizations with a structured approach to navigate and achieve successful safety management transformation, enabling them to fully harness the potential of industry 4.0 technologies in the workplace. Two rounds of systematic literature reviews (SLRs) are conducted to narrow down the number of articles based on the PRISMA method, which are then subjected to further content analysis. The study highlights the integration of Industry 4.0 technologies within the domains of People, Process, and Policy and their significance in advancing safety maturity. This research uncovered key themes, providing valuable insights that will shape the conceptual maturity model structure of safety management based on the innovative nature of Industry 4.0 to enhance their safety culture to align with. The results provide a fertile ground for a Smart Safety Maturity Model, to integrate technologies to elevate safety drivers in construction safety management
    Keywords: Industry 4.0 ; Maturity model ; safety management ; construction industry ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology
    Language: English
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    Chapter A Collaborative Planning Model for Offsite Construction Based on Virtual Reality and Game Engines (2024)
    Firenze University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Accurate process planning is essential for successfully implementing offsite construction projects. New technologies, such as virtual reality (VR), have been proposed as potential proactive solutions that allow users to experience and train on OSC processes to ensure safety and efficiency in an immersive environment. However, current VR applications in OSC projects (VR-OSC) problems are limited to residential projects and target single phases of the OSC implementation. This study proposes a VR framework to train participants on modular bridge construction processes. The developed model comprises several OSC phases, such as fabrication, transportation, and assembly. Furthermore, the study explores the use of collaborative platforms that can be associated with the VR model to ease the model and the developed scenes. The model is tested on a sample of participants that evaluated the performance of the model and provided areas of improvement. The results showed the capabilities of the model in providing an immersive experience for participants and connecting different phases of the OSC projects. Also, the results show that the experiment length and complex controlling buttons are among the areas of improvement. The developed model is expected to facilitate safe and efficient training for complex OSC projects
    Keywords: Offsite Construction ; Building Information Modeling ; Virtual Reality ; Game Engines ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UT Computer networking and communications::UTV Virtualization
    Language: English
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    Chapter BIM-GIS and BI Integration for Facility and Occupancy Management of University Assets: The UNITO Pilot Case (2024)
    Firenze University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-03
    Description: The integration of Building Information Modelling (BIM) and Geographic Information System (GIS) with Business Intelligence (BI) is promising for managing vast and diffused assets. It enables valuable insights into asset performance and resource uses, supporting savings, improved efficiency, and sustainability. The research proposes a web-based Asset Management System application (AMS-app) via BIM-GIS-BI integration, providing an updated digital representation of university assets by combining spatial, performance, and operation data with related analytics. The AMS-app was developed in the context of the University of Turin's strategic plan as a pilot case to improve asset management procedures through a data-driven approach. Indeed, campuses are complex assets managed by multiple actors through still document-based and fragmented databases, often leading to ineffective and untimely decision-making processes. The AMS-app represents a valuable decision support system for facility managers aimed at asset monitoring and user experience improving through better and more sustainable decisions concerning space, occupancy, and indoor environmental quality (IEQ). To demonstrate the effectiveness of the BIM-GIS-BI integration through the AMS-app, several case studies were implemented with the following objectives: (i) the digitalization of university building data, (ii) the optimization of courses timetables according to space availability, (iii) the optimal workstations management, and (iv) the analysis, monitoring and optimizing of IEQ and comfort via IoT networks. The paper illustrates the advantages and applicability of the developed methodology through the case studies, and further developments in university asset management
    Keywords: Asset Management System ; BIM-GIS integration ; Business Intelligence ; Information management ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UT Computer networking and communications::UTV Virtualization
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    Chapter Fast and Secure BIM Design Using Blockchain: An Example of Makeshift Hospital Project for COVID-19 Treatment in Hong Kong (2024)
    Firenze University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-03
    Description: A crucial action of COVID-19 combat is the quick design and building of makeshift hospitals (MHs). Although adopting building information modeling (BIM) promotes the digitalization and communication of design collaboration, data security vulnerabilities (e.g., lacking traceability and transparency) are detected and have inevitably impeded the efficiency and productivity of the MH project. Such problems often lead to rework and unnecessary disputes, wasting valuable time on projects requiring ultra-fast construction speed. The emerging blockchain technology offers an immutable and traceable collaboration environment. However, limited studies have integrated blockchain in the BIM design process, especially design in emergency projects like MH. Therefore, this paper proposes a blockchain-enabled collaboration (BEC) framework for fast and secure BIM design. The framework is illustrated in an actual MH project in Hong Kong, and results show that: (1) it supports secure and automated BIM data exchange and (2) it saves 23 % of the time in a design coordination case
    Keywords: Covid-19 ; BIM ; Blockchain ; Makeshift Hospital ; Smart Contract ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UT Computer networking and communications::UTV Virtualization
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    Chapter Building Inspector XR: Streamlining Scan-to-BIM with Virtual and Mixed Reality (2024)
    Firenze University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-06
    Description: Digitalization in the construction industry is increasingly striving to create digital twins in order to continuously exploit optimization potential in the management and utilization of existing buildings. Building Information Modeling (BIM)-based as-is or as-built documentation represents a promising basis in this context, which requires creating a geometric model for example based on point clouds as well as semantic enrichment in a Scan-to-BIM workflow. Conventionally, this is carried out manually by specialists on 2D screens and often is time-consuming and costly. The project "Building Inspector XR" addresses these issues and presents an intuitive solution for BIM-based as-is/as-built documentation using X-Reality (XR). In Virtual Reality (VR), BIM models are created off-site from point clouds and then are verified in Mixed Reality (MR) on-site. By integrating (partially) automated methods and targeting user-friendliness in our solution, Scan-to-BIM can be realized more efficiently and intuitively. In this paper, the focus lies on the innovative aspects of our XR application which encompass VR and MR environments, automation support, modeling schemes in compliance with BIM standards, and the registration of models in reality for MR. Additionally, the paper shows the interconnected toolchain that facilitates an efficient Scan-to-BIM workflow
    Keywords: Building Information Modeling ; Virtual Reality ; Mixed Reality ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UT Computer networking and communications::UTV Virtualization
    Language: English
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    Chapter Captured Glimpses of Modernity and War in Late Qing China (2024)
    Firenze University Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This chapter evaluates the role of photography in witnessing the modernising process in China during the late Qing period and conflicts which stemmed from it. The camera, introduced in China during the First Opium War (1839–1842), allowed Western eyes to record the establishment of trade routes and associated facilities. The photos examined here were taken immediately before and during the Russo-Japanese War. The photographs appear to have been focusing on technological developments in trade infrastructure, but they also captured the conspicuous Japanese and Russian military presence. Consequently, the photographs reveal the Western role in the “development” of China by its incorporation into global trading networks and violent conflicts fought over control of this infrastructure.
    Keywords: Photography ; China ; Russo-Japanese War ; Infrastructure ; Trade ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History
    Language: English
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    Chapter Implementation of Building Information Modeling (BIM) for Economic Sustainable Construction Minimizing Material Waste in Terms of Value Engineering (2024)
    Firenze University Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-07
    Description: The construction industry consumes a large amount of raw materials and produces large amounts of carbon dioxide emissions. However, studies have shown that philosophies alone are not efficient in solving problems in the construction industry. They must be supported by new tools and methodologies. Therefore, this study aimed to achieve a more sustainable building field by integrating BIM technology and value engineering principles in the management of building materials. to achieve the highest possible consumption of environmental resources and materials through value engineering. The methodology employed in this study was to develop a material waste management system for construction projects. Starting in the early design phase, develop a decision-making process for selecting the optimum floor tile size according to room dimensions. Some materials, such as floor tiles, wooden panels, and marble, can be used more efficiently using BIM and scheduling tools. Floor tiles are essential finishing materials in the AEC industry. The initial findings outline the benefits that can be obtained by using BIM tools to achieve waste minimization through value engineering principles by creating an automation process to choose the best floor tile size according to the space width and length and minimize the percentage of cut tiles to the total number of tiles that are used in the space. This provides a game-changing solution for construction stakeholders
    Keywords: Building Information Modeling ; Value Engineering ; Sustainable Construction ; Material Management ; Construction Site Management ; Architectural Engineering and Construction ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UT Computer networking and communications::UTV Virtualization
    Language: English
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    Chapter Driving Simulator for Road Safety Design: A Comparison Between Virtual Reality Tests and In-Field Tests (2024)
    Firenze University Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-03
    Description: Virtual reality simulations conducted by driving simulators represent a methodology to assess both the quality of road design and road safety in a safe, controlled, and replicable environment. Nowadays, there are numerous studies that use driving simulators to analyze the driver's response when specific road safety treatments are planned before these are implemented. This approach allows the road designer/scientist to estimate the potential safety effectiveness of the countermeasure/design configuration considered. However, although virtual reality simulations are potentially extremely useful in the evaluation of road configuration design and treatments effectiveness, they also have cons. The two most important are the limitations in the reproducibility of the real world environment and the difference in drivers’ behavior due to the awareness that they are conducting a test. In this context, our research compared the data collected during virtual reality experiments with those collected in the field with an instrumented vehicle, after a few years from the implementation of the specific safety measure on a real road. Statistical analyses were conducted to compare the results of the two experiments to demonstrate the reliability of the virtual simulations and to identify the limitations
    Keywords: driving simulator ; road safety ; virtual reality ; road safety treatments ; road safety measures effectiveness ; in-field test ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UT Computer networking and communications::UTV Virtualization
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    Chapter Learning in Later Years: Perspectives from Nigeria (2024)
    Firenze University Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-06
    Description: This chapter explores learning in later life in the Nigerian context, highlighting research findings on the focus of learning among older persons, with special emphasis placed on adult and non-formal education programmes. Discussion includes allied concepts of ageing and learning, lifelong learning/education, policy developments in (older) adult education, patterns of Nigerian seniors’ participation and intergenerational learning in this West African nation.
    Keywords: Adult Education ; Later Life Learning ; Lifelong Learning ; Nigeria ; Non-Formal Education ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education
    Language: English
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    Chapter Evaluation of Computer Vision-Aided Multimedia Learning in Construction Engineering Education (2024)
    Firenze University Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Due to the practice-oriented nature of construction engineering education and barriers associated with physical site visits, videos are invaluable means to expose students to practical curricula content. Prior studies have investigated various design principles of multimedia pedagogical tools to enhance student learning and reduce cognitive load. These design principles and computer vision techniques can afford the design and usage of a multimedia learning environment with annotated content to teach students construction safety practices. Hence, using subjective and objective measures such as self-reported cognitive load, eye tracking metrics and verbal feedback, this study assesses the effectiveness of a computer vision-aided multimedia learning environment as well as examines variations across students’ demographics. Students were exposed to both annotated and unannotated versions of the learning environment. The annotated version of the learning environment was considered more effective in triggering students’ attention to learning content, but higher cognitive load levels were reported by participants. The same demographic groups that dwelled longer and on more annotated areas of interest also reported higher overall cognitive load. Keeping with individual differences principle of multimedia learning, demographic variations in participants' cognitive load and effectiveness of the learning environment were reported. The study provides implications for instructors in construction engineering programs on effective use of computer vision-aided annotated videos as instructional materials. This study could serve as a benchmark for future studies on artificial intelligence techniques for signaling in multimedia learning. This study reveals the affordances of computer vision-aided multimedia learning in construction engineering education and the need for adaptation of multimedia learning tools to students’ demographics
    Keywords: Computer vision ; construction engineering education ; demographic differences ; multimedia learning ; video. ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UT Computer networking and communications::UTV Virtualization
    Language: English
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    Chapter The Impacts of Digital Fabrication on the Construction Industry: A Systematic Review (2024)
    Firenze University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-03
    Description: The building industry is a major consumer of natural resources and a large contributor to environmental degradation, leading to a need to rethink current building practices. Digital fabrication (Dfab) technologies, which transform design and engineering data into physical products, are gaining traction in the Architecture, Engineering and Construction (AEC) industry. This study aimed to evaluate the implications of digital fabrication in the construction industry, by identifying the current Dfab applications and the hindrances that are limiting its implementation. The research questions addressed were why Dfab is essential in the construction sector, the current state-of-the-art of Dfab in the construction industry, and how Dfab is improving the construction industry. Through a systematic literature review, the findings proposed that Dfab can revolutionize the construction sector, enabling freeform architecture, reducing construction costs, cutting material waste, and increasing worker safety. Nevertheless, further research is needed to overcome obstacles such as high costs and the lack of digital skills in the construction industry
    Keywords: Digital fabrication ; Construction industry ; Project management ; Digital technology ; Systematic review. ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology
    Language: English
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    Chapter Localizing and Visualizing the Degree of People Crowding with an Omnidirectional Camera by Different Times (2024)
    Firenze University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-07
    Description: The Corona Disaster increased the demand for information on the degree of human crowding, as it was essential to balance avoiding restricting behavior and reducing the risk of crowding. Although there are many technologies for detecting people using monitoring cameras, the number of cameras installed in a wide area is costly, and coverage is limited. In this study, we propose a method to qualitatively visualize the distribution of people by using images captured by a moving omnidirectional camera from the viewpoint of facility management during regular security patrols. Omnidirectional images are used for both 3D modeling of the target space based on SfM (structure from motion) and person detection/tracking by machine learning. The distribution of people is visualized qualitatively by obtaining the positions of the extracted people on the 3D model of the site and mapping them. The parallel software processing of visitor observation and mapping is expected to be highly cost-effective in terms of implementation and operation. On the other hand, although there are time deviations in the mapping depending on the location, the visualization and the updated time show their usefulness in understanding the distribution of congestion
    Keywords: COVID-19 ; people's congestion ; omnidirectional camera ; SfM (Structure from Motion) ; machine-learning ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology
    Language: English
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    Chapter Integration Between Enterprise Resource Planning and Building Information Modelling (2024)
    Firenze University Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Enterprise resource planning (ERP) is an integrated business management system aimed at monitoring and maximizing resources and efficiency; on the other hand, Building Information Modelling (BIM) represents a broad series of approaches to design, based on the development of virtual models that cover the building’s whole lifecycle. The integration of ERP systems within the Architecture, Engineering and Construction industry, while promising, has yet to reach the same results that its use has achieved in other fields. Although BIM and ERP are traditionally systems employed in different disciplines, they both deal with data integration and customization, and are designed to reconcile varied and scattered information. A mutual incorporation could allow for a more comprehensive understanding of the project starting from the initial phases, while also granting a more streamlined construction process and a reduction in errors and complications later on. The aim of this paper is to identify the possible connections between the two systems examining a case study, starting from an analysis of the current state of the art regarding this implementation, and by evaluating both the existing limits and the future possibilities of this implementation, for both small and medium enterprises (SMEs) and the industry at large
    Keywords: Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) ; Building Information Modelling (BIM) ; Small Medium Enterprises (SMEs) ; AEC ; Construction ; Data integration ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UT Computer networking and communications::UTV Virtualization
    Language: English
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    Chapter Rethinking Tradition, Rejecting the Past: Ukrainian Poetry of the 1910s and 1920s in the Search for Europe (2024)
    Firenze University Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: In my contribution, I analyze texts by Mykola Zerov, Mychajl’ Semenko, and Mykola Chvyl’ovyj, three leading Ukrainian writers of the 1910s and 1920s, that thematize Ukrainian literature of the first years of the twentieth century, criticizing its alleged backwardness and lack of artistic quality. With their rejection of recent tradition, Zerov, Semenko, and Chvyl’ovyj were pursuing an ambitious program of cultural renewal aimed at elevating Ukrainian poetry and prose to the same level as classical and contemporary European literature. A recurrent name in their poems and pieces of criticism is that of Mykola Voronyj, a key figure of early-twentieth-century Ukrainian culture, whose controversial reception sheds light on the extent to which Zerov and Semenko were eager to radically renew Ukrainian literature after its first modernization attempts, which they deemed unsatisfying.
    Keywords: Mykola Zerov ; Mykhail Semenko ; Mykola Khvylovyi ; Mykola Voronyi ; Ukrainian poetry’s reception ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism
    Language: English
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    Chapter Multi-Robot Federated Edge Learning Framework for Efficient Coordination and Information Management in Smart Construction (2024)
    Firenze University Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-07
    Description: Smart construction involves a growing array of devices that generate extensive data, capable of enhancing construction efficiency and productivity. Nonetheless, the handling of this diverse and abundant information, along with the geographical spread of construction sites, poses challenges to effective communication and information processing within the management system. Multi-robot systems, as a new type of Internet of Things device, have the potential ability to coordinate workers to complete their work while serving as an edge node for information storage and processing. This paper presents a multi-robot federated edge learning framework that facilitates construction information management and communication. The work demonstrates the role of distributed databases in processing information during project execution, in contrast to centralized information systems. To address the intricacies of construction sites and the wide array of equipment involved, unmanned aerial vehicles and quadruped robots are employed as edge nodes. The formation of a federated edge learning framework ensures the real-time processing of massive data and data privacy issues. The Federated Multi-Robot (FedMR) framework is a global sharing model focused on preserving differential privacy protection. This framework is distributed to multiple edge robots in each round, enabling local real-time processing of robot tasks. The system can accomplish target detection and tracking of workers based on computer vision. Additionally, we collect MiC energy consumption data during the construction process and predict carbon emissions. Based on the implementation and testing of the system, it has been shown to provide structured and reliable information, fast local transmission, and the ability to process information in real-time. The system's ability to coordinate workers and process information makes it a valuable tool in smart construction
    Keywords: Construction management ; federated learning ; multi-robots ; Information management ; differential privacy ; Modular Integrated Construction(MiC) ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UT Computer networking and communications::UTV Virtualization
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    CONVR 2023 - Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Construction Applications of Virtual Reality (2024)
    Firenze University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-07
    Description: Within the overarching theme of “Managing the Digital Transformation of Construction Industry” the 23rd International Conference on Construction Applications of Virtual Reality (CONVR 2023) presented 123 high-quality contributions on the topics of: Virtual and Augmented Reality (VR/AR), Building Information Modeling (BIM), Simulation and Automation, Computer Vision, Data Science, Artificial Intelligence, Linked Data, Semantic Web, Blockchain, Digital Twins, Health & Safety and Construction site management, Green buildings, Occupant-centric design and operation, Internet of Everything. The editors trust that this publication can stimulate and inspire academics, scholars and industry experts in the field, driving innovation, growth and global collaboration among researchers and stakeholders.
    Keywords: Construction ; Digital transformation ; Innovation ; Immersive reality ; Built environment ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KN Industry and industrial studies::KNJ Construction and heavy industry ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TN Civil engineering, surveying and building::TNK Building construction and materials
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    Chapter Performing the «miasma» of Indian Partition. Terror and romance in Howard Brenton’s Drawing the Line (2024)
    Firenze University Press | USiena Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Originally performed at London Hampstead Theatre on 3 December 2013, Howard Brenton’s Drawing the Line dramatizes the Partition of India in two distinct nation-states after the Independence in a lush production that highlights personal conflicts and deflates the genocidal implications of the event that changed the future of the Subcontinent. The essay situates Drawing the Line in the context of Brenton’s lifelong engagement with historical theatre and reflects upon the aesthetic and political significance of the marginal role assigned to violence in the drama. It argues that the play performs a postcolonial discourse on South-Asian history, in which cosmopolitan notions of Britishness, Anglo-Indian relations, and colonial rule are interrogated through an ambiguous dramatic irony that, while deploring British ineptitude in handling the Partition process, in fact represents Partition as a colossal tangle of public and private complicities which mitigates the Raj’s responsibilities and tacitly subscribes to a consolatory determinism.
    Keywords: Howard Brenton ; Britishness ; historical theatre ; postcolonial discourse ; Partition of India ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History
    Language: English
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    Chapter «Robbe d’Europa»: Global Connections and the Mailing of Letters, Money, and Merchandise in the Eighteenth-Century China Mission (2024)
    Firenze University Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-07
    Description: Manuscript reports and letters written in China by the Propaganda Fide and Jesuit missionaries criss-crossed the oceans and the continents to reach Europe on ships, carts, horses, mules, and palanquins, using both European systems of transportation provided by the various East India Companies and governments, and other local public and private postal arrangements. Missionary agencies also mailed from the West robbe d’Europa («European things»), such as silver coins, foodstuff and drugs (chocolate, wine, cheese, olive oil, tobacco), medicines, galanterie (luxury items), books, devotional objects and prints. Chinese goods (tea, silk, medicines, luxury items, books) were sent in the opposite direction to please patrons in Europe. Without this multi-layered, imperfect, yet workable mailing system, the flow of information and articles fuelling early modern globalisation and, within it, the Chinese missions, would have been impossible.
    Keywords: Global Connections ; China Catholic Mission ; Propaganda Fide: Jesuits ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History
    Language: English
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    Chapter Digital Twins for Smart Decision Making in Asset Management (2024)
    Firenze University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: This study discusses the classification of Digital Twins (DTs) and their use in the Architecture, Engineering, Construction, and Operations (AECO) industry, the differences between building information modeling (BIM) and DT are emphasized and platforms for implementing DTs are compared. DTs are quickly gaining traction in the AECO industry because they create the ability to interact virtually with all physical smart devices in the built environment. The need for replicas goes all the way back to the 1960s, when NASA created physical replicas of spaceships and connected them to simulators to develop workshop solutions on the ground. DTs are simply building blocks of the metaverse that act as a real-time digital copy of a physical object. Based on data from the physical asset or system, the physical twin (PT), a DT unlocks value in supporting smart decision-making by combining artificial intelligence (AI) with the internet of things (IoT)
    Keywords: Digital Twins ; Internet of Things ; Artificial Intelligence ; Asset Management ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence
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    Chapter Integrating Real-Time Object Detection into an AR-Driven Task Assistance Prototype: An Approach Towards Reducing Specific Motions in Therbligs Theory (2024)
    Firenze University Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-07
    Description: Due to challenges in filling vacant positions and the heightened demands posed on existing staff, employers and project managers are progressively considering the recruitment of inexperienced individuals and seeking strategies to swiftly provide them with essential job-specific knowledge. The potential of industrial AR has been widely researched to support workers in overcoming skill-related knowledge and enhancing industrial processes. However, most studies focus on demonstrating technology usability across different processes and overcoming engineering hurdles on a case-by-case basis. There is no direct benefit analysis on how AR assists construction tasks at human motion level, and how to eliminate the ineffective motions and reduce the duration of effective motions. To fill this gap, this paper first establishes an AR-based near real-time object detection system of small tools and components involved in task processes for egocentric perception of workers in the construction industry. Later, the Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) for scaffolding assembly activities is deconstructed from a manual process into Therbligs-based elemental motions. Finally, this research conducted a comparative study of two prototypes across four dimensions of evaluation. As a step forward in this direction, this paper renews the connotations of Therbligs theory under industry 5.0 era, rethinks the AR-assisted construction task processes, and applies appropriate technologies enhancing the adaptability of AR technology for construction workers’ needs
    Keywords: Augmented Reality (AR) ; Microsoft HoloLens 2 ; Object Detection ; Task Assistance ; Therbligs ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UT Computer networking and communications::UTV Virtualization
    Language: English
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    Chapter Visibility Enhancement of Crane Operators Using BIM-Based Diminished Reality (2024)
    Firenze University Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-07
    Description: The limited visibility experienced by crane operators in construction sites poses significant challenges, leading to reduced performance and safety concerns. Obstructive elements, such as existing buildings, construction elements, or vehicles, can block the crane operator's field of view, hindering their ability to execute lifting operations with precision and confidence. To address this issue, this study presents a novel approach using Building Information Modelling (BIM)-based diminished reality (DR) to enhance visibility by dynamically removing obstructive objects from the crane operator's perspective in real-time. The research employs a marker-based registration system that effectively aligns BIM data with the physical environment, ensuring realistic and precise DR visualization. Additionally, a semi-automatic selection method that involves minimal intervention from the user is employed to select desired objects. To generate the background, the system utilizes real-time observation data from occluded areas. A validation through a case study demonstrates the practical applicability of the developed system in real-life construction scenarios
    Keywords: Diminished Reality (DR) ; Augmented Reality (AR) ; Mixed Reality (MR) ; Crane ; Visibility ; Building Information Modelling (BIM) ; HoloLens ; Construction industry ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UT Computer networking and communications::UTV Virtualization
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    Chapter Changing Conceptions of Social Purpose Higher Education: The Legacy of University Adult Education (2024)
    Firenze University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-07
    Description: Lalage Bown was an inspirational adult educator who worked tirelessly to bring university education to people of all ages and sectors of society. For her, this was not a one-way process of ‘knowledge transmission’ but rather a partnership to the mutual benefit of both higher education and society at large. In this chapter I illustrate one university’s engagement with its wider community though a social-historical account of the emergence of Glasgow University’s Department of Adult and Continuing Education – from which Lalage Bown retired as Director in 1992.The chapter then explores different interpretations of ‘university adult education’ in Britain and the wider European context – both conceptually and in practical terms. Finally, the question is posed as to whether the time may have passed for the values and ideals espoused by this tradition? Or whether, alternatively, they are interpreted anew through, for example, universities’ commitments to widening access, social responsibility, the Sustainable Development Goals and other forms of outreach and civic engagement?
    Keywords: Access ; Community Engagement ; Extra-mural ; Social Purpose ; University Adult Education ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education
    Language: English
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    Chapter Application of Diminished Reality for Construction Site Safety Management (2024)
    Firenze University Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-03
    Description: Safety management in construction sites has always been one of the most sensitive aspects of the AECO industry and a problematic that recalls the complexity of such a multifactor domain. The high number of work accidents that occur on construction sites is also caused by the fact that not all the information to work safely is always available. For instance, visibility during some maneuvers is a key aspect of safety in operations, and this is often impeded due to the layout of the construction site and working methods, especially in the use of some equipment. The latest approaches in order to overcome complex situations is represented by the Digital Twin paradigm. This approach has among its main criticisms:1) the way of connecting physical reality and its digital replica and 2) the system for exploiting the combination of real-time data and digital applied intelligence for supporting operations on site. This paper proposes a framework for the development of digital twin of the construction site. An application of augmented reality that exploits the concept of diminished reality and workers location detection will improve visibility during critical operations
    Keywords: Diminished reality ; Augmented Reality ; Health and Safety ; Building Information Modelling ; Digital Twin ; Construction Site Management ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UT Computer networking and communications::UTV Virtualization
    Language: English
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    Chapter Building Information Modelling (BIM) for Construction Supply Chain: A Scientometric Analysis (2024)
    Firenze University Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-07
    Description: The automation and innovation have impacted Architecture, Engineering and Construction Industry, particularly when transitioning from traditional or conventional methods of construction to modular or Industrialized Building System (IBS). Thus, to ameliorate the processes surrounding built environment, researchers have been interested in the BIM’s integration into construction industry. To ensure BIM’s adoption and integration into construction supply chain, supply chain’s management and procurement, we need to have an extensive comprehensive research base regarding global outlook of BIM’s relation with supply chain. The purpose of this study is to identify global scientific research patterns and trends related to BIM’s role in supply chain, by performing scientometric analysis. The scientometric analysis will help us analyze the work being done in this field and whether a significant literature exists that supports or helps in adoption of this idea. Most of the already existing research on BIM is performed on various other aspects of BIM like infrastructure sustainability, green buildings, design, framework, management of facilities and other BIM related managerial aspects. Thus, it is highly imperative to systematize and analyze the existing global scientific literature research to identify the global trends and frontiers on current BIM’s relation with construction supply chain. Not only this would pave the way towards identification of current relevant literature but would also lay down the foundations for digital transformation in construction
    Keywords: Building information modelling (BIM) ; construction ; digitalisation ; procurement ; scientometric ; supply chain management ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UT Computer networking and communications::UTV Virtualization
    Language: English
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    Chapter Integrating ESG Factors into Construction Projects: A Blockchain-Based Data Management Approach (2024)
    Firenze University Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-08
    Description: Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) investing has become increasingly significant in the Architecture, Engineering, and Construction (AEC) industry. However, the AEC industry faces challenges such as non-uniform standards, complex information sources, and data security concerns when collecting and verifying ESG data. At the same time, as one of the key points of carbon emission in AEC projects, the ESG management of construction projects is still lacking. This paper proposed a blockchain-based ESG data management framework, which designed to address these challenges in the AEC industry. The framework and the smart contract and transaction data model applied in it realize data collection and information verification in construction projects. By leveraging blockchain technology's key features of transparency, immutability, and traceability, the framework ensures secure and efficient ESG data management. Additionally, the InterPlanetary File System (IPFS) technology enables access to original files for data verification and comparison, further enhancing authenticity. By integrating blockchain and IPFS technologies, our proposed solution enhances the reliability and traceability of ESG data in the construction projects, paving the way for more sustainable and transparent practices
    Keywords: AEC ; Blockchain ; Construction Project ; ESG ; IPFS ; Smart contract ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology
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    Chapter Image Segmentation Applied to Urban Surface and Aerial Constraints Analysis (2024)
    Firenze University Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: The rapid progress of artificial intelligence (AI) has prompted the exploration of its potential applications in the construction industry, although at a slower rate. Since the starting point of a design is the analysis of the site’s constraints, the purpose of the ongoing research is the application of artificial intelligence in risk assessment for site areas. The primary objective of this research project is to develop an interactive map that employs AI to identify potential surface and aerial interferences. This map aims to support planners, engineers, and architects during the site context analysis phase by providing real-time visualization of obstacles. The interactive map allows users to explore and analyze identified obstacles, enabling cluster markers and filtering of features. The results obtained from applying this approach in Milan, Italy, demonstrate its functionality and usability, highlighting the tool's ability to provide valuable information in both localized and citywide scenarios. Potential improvements such as size assessment and advanced marker generation are also being examined to enhance the management of surface and air interferences. The goal is to enhance the tool's functionality, accuracy, and planning efficiency in construction projects
    Keywords: Image Segmentation ; Risk Assessment ; Construction Site ; Clustering Techniques ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology
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    Chapter New artificial reef in coastal protection reconversion and electric power production (2023)
    Firenze University Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: The proposal is founded to reconversion the existing breakwaters and artificial nourishments with an artificial reef positioned on the “calm belt” for mimics the location of coral reef. This calm is characterized by the conversion of pulsing vertical wave offshore energy into inshore horizontal currents. The soft barrier, far from the storm surges, diminish water velocity with no erosion in excess and electric power generation. Moreover, the turbines have the impeller semi-submerged and close to an indifferent buoyancy, in order to favor the number of revolutions at minimum currents
    Keywords: Soft artificial reef ; Reconversion breakwater ; Erosion control ; Wave Energy Converter ; Beach recovery ; Posidonia nursery ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RN The environment
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    Chapter The Luwian Goddess Darawa (2023)
    Firenze University Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: The PN Kammalia-Tarawa in an Old Assyrian tablet seems to be the earliest reference of the deity Darawa. The Luwian background this deity is also apparent, e.g., from the plural form DDa-ra-ú-wa-an-zi or from those texts mentioned in CTH 457 and the etymological interpretation of the divine name to the Luwian verb tarāwi(ya)-. Since the early Middle Hittite period Darawa also found her way into the Hattian milieu and as a goddess connected with the family life, she is mentioned several times in festivals for a queen (CTH 646), but also in the Hittite Prayer to the Sun-goddess of the Netherworld (CTH 371) which is – in my opinion – the only Hittite texts mentioning Darawa within the “pantheon of the state”. Texts from the Hurrian and Kizzuwatnaean milieu (e.g., CTH 351) also refer several times to Darawa, but this is clearly the result of a secondary and marginal dissemination of the goddess. In conclusion one might say that Darawa from her Luwian background also came into contact with various milieus of the “Hittite pantheon”, functioning as a goddess providing good (and evil) to humans in everyday life.
    Keywords: Darawa ; Kuduili ; Festival of a Queen ; non-state religion ; Luwian-Hittite contacts ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History
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    Chapter Peripheries (2023)
    Firenze University Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Peripheries are processes and places in which conditions and actors constantly shift. The contingent forms of peripheries in this book are assembled around embodied identities and are rooted in specific genealogies: peripheries as urban fringes, periphery countries in the modern world-system theory, and peripheral urbanization. Through these genealogies, the heterogeneous forms of peripheries acquire layered meanings that decenter urban theory. Since no form can exist outside historical relations of power, it is critical to apply methodological approaches that can address the political agency emerging from embodied identities.
    Keywords: peripheries ; urban inequality ; modern world-system ; peripheral urbanization ; urban fringes ; cityness ; worlding ; coloniality ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences
    Language: English
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    Chapter Chinese returnee students and cultural production: the case of ex-students of Opera in Italy (2023)
    Firenze University Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-06
    Description: The aim of this chapter is to point out the connection between mobility and cultural activities of Chinese returnee opera students. Many Chinese students in Italy attend cultural and artistic university courses. They may be considered significant in analyzing Chinese reverse migration from Italy. The examined connection involves several dynamics, including artistic aspects, historical reasons, social and economic changes, public policies and consumerism styles. Mobility and cultural production may be analyzed through both a structural and imaginative dimension. The structural dimension is composed of international agreements, global mobility law conditions, social and economic changes, and private investments in education to accumulate cultural capital that produce (or reproduce) certain social structures and experiences. On the other hand, the imaginative dimension is shaped by the lifestyle adopted by middle class families, including their work activities and cultural consumption. Returnee students are both the subjects who promote this process and the object of this dynamic. Chinese singers of Italian opera, upon graduating university in Italy, join the possibilities of the work field—in Bourdieu’s perspective—which is formed by the two aforementioned dimensions. Finally, perceived differences between Italy and China in terms of musical technique and culture are reworked according to contemporary cultural policies.
    Keywords: mobility ; opera ; Chinese returnee students ; cultural production ; Italy ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies
    Language: English
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    Chapter Citizen science based marine environmental monitoring. The MOANA60 Experience (2023)
    Firenze University Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: Sea water quality monitoring is extremely demanding and expensive. This results in the sea being largely under-sampled. To solve this OGS developed innovative technologies to be used within a citizen science approach. The simultaneous installation of remote sensing devices on boats of opportunity allows to build a monitoring infrastructure able to acquire, process, validate and display in real-time georeferenced data on a web portal. This work reports on a survey done in collaboration with the Moana 60 Lab initiative in the South Thyrrenian Sea.
    Keywords: Sea water quality monitoring ; Citizen science ; Low-cost sensors ; IoT ; South Thyrrenian Sea ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RN The environment
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    Theonyms, Panthea and Syncretisms in Hittite Anatolia and Northern Syria (2023)
    Firenze University Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: The topic of the Anatolian panthea in the Bronze Age deals with Hattian, Hittite, Palaean, Luwian and Hurrian gods who have been worshiped in the Kingdom of Ḫatti. In such a context, along with trying to keep a balanced and methodologically-aware approach in our original research, we realized that a multi-authored work such as the present volume, with papers written by some of the major experts of Anatolian religious history, would represent an invaluable contribution to the advancement of a complex and vast field. This collection of essays is the result of the workshop Theonyms, Panthea and Syncretisms in Hittite Anatolia and Northern Syria, held at the University of Verona on 25th and 26th March 2022. Colleagues with different areas of expertise pertaining to the topic of Anatolian religions contributed to an extremely successful event.
    Keywords: Anatolian panthea ; Hittite religion ; theonyms ; linguistics ; State cult ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History
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    Chapter Fears and hopes: Chinese university students in Italy during the first wave of Covid-19 (2023)
    Firenze University Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-03-24
    Description: In recent years, Chinese students have enjoyed a prominent presence in the Italian higher education system. A recent survey conducted by Uni-Italia shows that Chinese students account for 24% of non-EU students in Italian universities. When the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) erupted in Italy at the beginning of 2020, panic spread quickly through social media; numerous fears, generated by the tide of information available online, permeated the Chinese university student community in Italy. This chapter first analyses the problems encountered by Chinese university students in Italy during the COVID-19 pandemic, and then introduces the artistic and cultural response from within that same community. Such forms of creative response also shine light, more generally, on a growing Anti-Asian sentiment in Italy. Despite the enormous challenges posed by COVID-19, Chinese university students in Italy have developed a mode of communication that builds bridges between different cultures— quite different from “mass media” or “major news outlets”—because it is personal, honest, and intimate.
    Keywords: Covid-19 ; Chinese student ; Italy ; art ; anti-Asian racism ; intercultural communication ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies
    Language: English
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    Chapter In situ rare long term observations of the dogtooth grouper Epinephelus Caninus in artificial reefs recently immersed in the National Park of the Calanques (north-western Mediterranean sea, France) (2023)
    Firenze University Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: On 2017, artificial reefs (ARs) targeting apex rocky species such as groupers were immersed in the National Park of the Calanques as part of an experimental ecological restoration project (REXCOR). The objective of the project is to evaluate the capacity of innovative designs of ARs to restore altered ecological functions impacted by the sewage outflow of the city of Marseilles. In 2018, one specimen of the dogtooth grouper, Epinephelus caninus, was observed during 7 months inside the ARs. Such a long-term site fidelity suggets that this urban area can shelter again high trophic level species.
    Keywords: Ecological restoration ; Epinephelus caninus ; Artificial reef ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RN The environment ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RN The environment
    Language: English
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    Chapter Using diver-operated stereo-video to monitor juvenile fish assemblages in Mediterranean coastal habitats formed by macrophytes (2023)
    Firenze University Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: Littoral systems with macrophytes are nursery areas for fish. We aim to develop a combination of stereo-video and habitat mapping methods for studying fish recruitment at various temporal and spatial scales. Some benefits are: videos are permanent and data can be used for developments of artificial intelligence. There are also disadvantages: cameras have a limited field of view and video processing is time-consuming. Introducing this methodology is of great importance to assess changes in the habitat structure and the ecosystem functions provided for the fish community.
    Keywords: Habitat complexity ; Recruitment ; Stereo-video ; Nursery ; Coastal ecosystems ; Ecosystem services ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RN The environment
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    Chapter The National Monitoring Program of Israel's Mediterranean Waters – scientific perspectives (2023)
    Firenze University Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: The Levantine Basin (LB) is considered an impoverished and sensitive ecosystem in the Mediterranean Sea. Since the beginning of the industrial revolution this sea has been influenced by increasing global, regional and local anthropogenic pressures. The LB is at the eastern most terminus of the Mediterranean Sea with relatively long residence time of water subject to warming, salinization and acidification. The opening of the Suez Canal in 1864 linking the Red Sea with the Mediterranean has facilitated the migration and settling of hundreds of Eritrean species along the Levantine coasts at the expense of native species and irreversibly altering the ecosystem
    Keywords: Monitoring ; Mediterranean Sea ; Levantine basin ; Climate Change ; Marine Pollution ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RN The environment ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RN The environment
    Language: English
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    Chapter Rulership and the Gods: The Role of Cultic Institutions in the Late Bronze to Iron Age Transition in Anatolia and Northern Syria (2023)
    Firenze University Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-06
    Description: This paper aims to demonstrate that cults and cultic institutions are a crucial element for understanding the processes producing different regional outcomes after the fall of the Hittite empire. In this paper, cults are understood as normative cosmic forces defining tempo and worldview of ancient societies. Cultic institutions can be identified as physical spaces defined by purity, charged with real and symbolic value, and led by specialists whose competence is recognised by the community. Instead of being a by-product of political complexity, they are a driving force behind the power dynamics because they are perceived as such in a bottom-up perspective, but also often by main political actors in search of legitimation of their power. This paper examines the interconnections between cultic and political institutions in the territory under the Hittite empire and in the same space after the empire’s demise. We aim to distinguish between processes of resilience, reorganisation, and transformation as they occurred in particular micro-regions previously controlled by the empire, including the Upper Euphrates, South-Central Anatolia, North-Central Anatolia, Cilicia, and the Northern Levant; this will demonstrate both the importance of such a micro-regionally defined study, as well as the shared coincidence of cultic and political institutional change. It will become evident that cultic continuity coincided with the resilience of political institutions, and changes in the cultic landscape corresponded to political reorganisations or transformations in post-Hittite Anatolia and north Syria.
    Keywords: institution ; temple ; kingship ; Syro-Anatolia ; post-Hittite ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History
    Language: English
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    Chapter Storage and Food Control in the ‘Amuq from the Late Bronze to the Iron Age: The Archaeological Evidence (2023)
    Firenze University Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Ongoing study of the pottery assemblage and its surrounding context in Area 4 at the site of Alalakh has again brought to light a phenomenon that is considered typical for the Iron Age I Levant: the construction of pits/silo installations in open areas. This phenomenon has been interpreted as a sign of ruralisation or insecure economic conditions, a possible marker for the political instability in the area during the 13th-12th centuries BCE. This article examines the similarities and differences between the examples from the Iron Age I in the ‘Amuq and contemporary sites in the Levant, and also considers later similar installations from the Iron Age II. Keeping in mind the functions usually ascribed to these structures, this study also analyses the so-called ‘Anatolian’ tradition of grain storage in the Late Bronze Age and Early Iron Age in order to address the role of these installations in understanding possible food control strategies and their possible impact in the Levant.
    Keywords: Storage system ; Late bronze ; Iron age ; 'Amuq ; Grain pits ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History
    Language: English
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    Chapter Hidden music scenes: governmentality and contestation in postcolonial Hong Kong (2023)
    Firenze University Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-07
    Description: Floor 26 of Ho King Commercial Centre in Yau Ma Tei, the elevator stops. At the end of the corridor, the sound of a heavy metal band, detuned screams buffered by the cracked plywood door of a tiny music studio. Outdated factory buildings in Kwun Tong, industrial architecture gradually surrounded by new commercial and residential complexes; their precarious wait for urban renewal has offered an opportunity for young musicians to establish music studios, classrooms, or improvised bedrooms where music and teenage discoveries mingle with the noise of machinery. A rusty anonymous intercom partially hidden by some plastic ivies. Past the door, a narrow metallic staircase, source of random encounters and only access point to a one-off experience; hundreds of people—local and foreigners—gathered in a tiny dark room, a miscellany of sweat, smoke, voices, and distant music. The hidden networks formed by musicians scattered in unexpected venues around Hong Kong provide a sonic collage that reformulates some of the city’s social peripheries from within. Through emergent sub-cultures, young artists deploy a wide range of tactics to counter the commodification and politicization of creativity, and the speculation over space in order to achieve new opportunities in a “bureaucratic society of controlled consumption.” In his work on everyday life, which focuses on the resistance of (extra)ordinary people to structures of power, Michel de Certeau makes reference to the idea of “silent discoverers of their own paths in the jungle of functionalist rationality.” The main actors of this essay, despite feeding on and actively participating in Hong Kong’s consumerism dynamics by taking references from social media, e-commerce, or shopping malls, produce “wandering lines”—or wandering sounds—with their own (syn)tactics through their artistic practices. Notably, in Hong Kong’s reductionist bureaucratic system, with a strong predominance of statistics and evaluation focused on “classifying, calculating and putting into tables,” these artistic rituals and reinterpretations of the city’s culture often remain overlooked or hidden to the system.
    Keywords: cultural studies ; underground music ; post-colonialism ; governmentality ; production of space ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences
    Language: English
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    Chapter Shaping Gods: from Göbekli Tepe to Kaneš, Ḫattuša, and Beyond (2023)
    Firenze University Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: The spectacular finds at Göbekli Tepe and Nevali Çorı: monolithic pillars representing stylized humans decorated with a large variety of animals, are the representation of an animist cosmos, in which animals and plants being may appear as persons, capable of will. Çatal Höyük represents a stage in which gods started to be shaped: the bull represented the Storm-god (a concept which reached the Classical period), the stag the god of the wild fauna, and female figurines symbolized the Mother-goddess. In Egypt, where gods where usually represented by animals, zoomorphism presents a continuity which ended only with the introduction of Christianity. The archaeological finds from Kaneš and the Hittite texts document an extraordinary continuity: each deity was represented by an animal, portraited in the vessel with which the celebrant (the royal couple or also a priest) reached a kind of communion with the god in drinking of the same wine and eating of the same bread.
    Keywords: Animism ; Göbekli Tepe ; Hittite zoomoprhism ; meal ritual ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History
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    Chapter The Torre del Marzocco and the widening of the entry channel to the industrial port of Livorno (2023)
    Firenze University Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: The Torre is an ancient watchtower, (15th century), and is subject to Italian laws for the protection of the historical and cultural heritage. Located in the port of Livorno the Torre del Marzocco symbolizes the past rooted in port activities and its traffic. This contribution presents a project of NTSNA to redevelop and renovate ancient marine landscape of Marzocco Tower. The project aims to widen the entry channel to Livorno port, as a safety measure towards the secure access of the great ships of new generation to the industrial area of Livorno’s port.
    Keywords: Torre del Marzocco ; Restoration ; Water basin ; Heritage ; Sustainable development of ports ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RN The environment
    Language: English
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    Chapter Colonization of transplanted Posidonia Oceanica: understanding the spatial dynamics through high-spatial resolution underwater photomosaics (2023)
    Firenze University Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: Following the restoration of a P. oceanica meadow impacted by the Concordia shipwreck, we investigated the spatial dynamic of the most important and protected Mediterranean endemic seagrass over a two-year period applying three spatial metrics: number of patches, mean patch size and total cover. By means of underwater photomosaics, we noticed a diminution in the number of patches in favour of the mean size and total cover. The outcomes showed that, under suitable environmental conditions, P. oceanica colonizes rapidly the dead matte substrate.
    Keywords: Posidonia Oceanica ; Seagrass restoration ; Restoration ecology ; Spatial dynamic ; Underwater photomosaic ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RN The environment ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RN The environment
    Language: English
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    Chapter Monitoring changes over a 10-year period, through vegetation maps, in a coastal site in Apulia region (southeastern Italy) (2023)
    Firenze University Press
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    Publication Date: 2023-05-02
    Description: This study aims to detect, analyze, and evaluate the habitat changes, between 2010 and 2020, occurred in the Mediterranean wetland system of “Zone Umide della Capitanata e Paludi presso il Golfo di Manfredonia”. We classified habitats in 2020 using Eunis classification and we compared the obtained map with the Eunis map of 2010, obtained using the same approach, in terms of class area, Magnitude of Changes and the corresponding Trend Percentage of Change. It emerged that expansion of agricultural activities and alterations of the hydrological regime are behind most of the observed changes.
    Keywords: Habitat change detection ; Coastal wetlands ; Apulia ; Mediterranean sea ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning::RN The environment
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    Rationalized and Extended Democracy (2023)
    Firenze University Press
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    Publication Date: 2023-11-29
    Description: In this book, Giovanni Molteni Tagliabue asserts that the realization of the values and the implementation of the objectives as indicated in democratic constitutions (political, social rights and the people’s welfare) are hindered by structural defects of the legislative/government architecture and processes. Expertise and science have scarce say in politics and policy. The author suggests an innovative view through the ‘REDemo Project’. 1. Rationalization: the insertion of public scientists into legislative/executive mechanisms, with the creation in each democracy of a National Scientific Assembly – parallel to the extant partypolitical Chamber of Representatives – consisting of academic experts and researchers (legal scholars, political analysts, economists, sociologists, land/urban planners, industry/infrastructure designers, biotechnologists, agronomists, ecologists, educationists, specialists on public health, on cultural heritage, etc.) elected by universal suffrage; 2. Extension: the broadening of the institutions of direct democracy and reinforcement of the electorate as decision-maker of last resort. So the main themes and objectives of the book are an examination of the major flaws in today’s democracies (pars destruens) and a proposal for a renewed institutional framework (pars construens).
    Keywords: Democratic Reform ; Science and Politics ; Science Speaks to Power ; Technocracy ; Expertise and Policy ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences
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    Chapter Epigraphic Stratigraphy: is There Any Trace of the Ostrogoths in Early Medieval “Layers” (6th-9th Century)? (2023)
    Firenze University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: The short but significant experiment of the Ostrogothic Kingdom in Italy left politically ephemeral albeit culturally surprisingly durable traces in the peninsula. Among them, epigraphy takes centre stage when discussing decrees, laws, and public documents, which are a direct expression of the rulers’ will to gain greater visibility and disseminate their voice. However, epigraphy is also crucial to knowing the names, professions, ideas, and other concepts relating to the ordinary people. This contribution aims to examine a number of issues concerning controversial Germanic names datable between the VIth and VIIth century AD, and variably assigned to Ostrogoths, Lombards, and even Carolingians characters; through the lens of these durable materials, which – ironically enough – are monuments both recording contemporary propaganda and everyday life facets, the article will also explore the graphic and epigraphic changes which occurred in Italy between the VIth-IXth centuries.
    Keywords: Early Middle Ages ; Late Antiquity ; Ostrogoths ; Lombards ; Germanic names ; Epigraphy ; Paleography ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History
    Language: English
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    Chapter Moving from the margins: Palestinian mobilities, embodiment, and agency in East Jerusalem (2023)
    Firenze University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: In Jerusalem, intra-urban boundaries are experienced and negotiated in deeply embodied ways, and primarily encountered, undermined, and reinforced through mobility. Palestinians’ movements are regularly restricted in areas at the geographical periphery of Jerusalem—especially those neighborhoods that have been severed from the rest of the city by the Israeli separation barrier. In expending significant energy to navigate the rules and spaces of the mobility regime, Palestinians must think of their movements from the perspective of Israeli power. This conceptual displacement of the self results in a sense of alienation, both from the spaces they cannot access and from their own capacities. Many feel stuck in both space and time and cannot envision a future for themselves in their city. Conversely, movement in spite of restrictions can also expand residents’ appreciation of their own capacity. Leisure mobilities in particular bear a radical potential because they involve the enjoyment of movement through space, rather than being merely a means to an end. As Palestinians in the city assert their claim through embodied movement, they re-appropriate hostile space with light-hearted playfulness. Mobility thus emerges as a useful vehicle for examining not only how Palestinians’ agency is constrained by the broader urban context but how their movements affect urban space: as they redraw the boundaries of spatial exclusion from the bottom up, they call into question who and what is considered peripheral to the city. The chapter traces the restriction of everyday movements, as well as the way marginalized residents navigate and defend contested urban terrain, using a phenomenological lens. By engaging Merleau-Ponty’s view of the relationship between the body-subject and the world, it argues that everyday movements shape the spatial and temporal horizon. The restriction of movement limits what is conceivable, but at the same time, the mobility of marginal urban residents in spite of those restrictions expands the sense of what is deemed possible.
    Keywords: immobility ; mobility ; phenomenology ; Jerusalem ; borders ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences
    Language: English
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    Chapter Effects of petroleum hydrocarbons on Salicornia perennans germination and growth under saline conditions (2023)
    Firenze University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-05-02
    Description: The research studied the effects of petroleum hydrocarbons (PHs) on Salicornia perennans Willd. at different saline concentrations. The study investigated 1) in vitro germination and 2) plants growth in hydroponics conditions. PHs, together with salinity, strongly affected the germination. Under saline conditions, PHs generally stimulated germination in terms of time and final rate. Plant growth and the photosynthetic performance were significantly affected at 0 g/l of salt and with high PHs addition. Hence, the saline conditions seem to be necessary to enable the resistance to the PHs stress.
    Keywords: Phytoremediation ; petroleum contamination ; salinity ; stress tolerance ; seed germination ; plant growth ; photosynthetic performance ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning::RN The environment
    Language: English
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    Chapter The territorial organization of the Amalfi Coast: nature and man's intervention (2023)
    Firenze University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: The Amalfi Coast is characterized by jagged mountain ridges and valleys that include streams and plunges into the sea with steep cliffs, here and there interrupted by short sandy coasts. The coastal and inland towns contribute to the beauty of the landscape, rich in historical and artistic evidence from the Middle Ages. At the same time, urban agglomerations expanded, almost unique examples of adaptation to difficult environmental conditions. The study aims to analyze the natural and anthropogenic components of the whole, today.
    Keywords: Amalfi Coast ; Road ; Valley of the mills ; cave ; Amalfi villages ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History
    Language: English
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    Chapter Use of RPAS to monitor coastal dune systems and beach erosion in Guardamar del Segura, Spain (2023)
    Firenze University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: The complex dune ecosystem and beaches of Guardamar del Segura has proven to be an excellent test site for monitoring coastal processes using a small, lightweight, easily deployable and affordable commercial RPAS. The possibility of quickly obtaining orthophotos and Digital Surface Models of very high resolution, covering large extensions at a low cost, enables us to model and monitor these rapid-changing environments with regularity and accuracy.
    Keywords: RPAS ; Monitor ; Dune ; Changes ; Guardamar del Segura ; Erosion ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RN The environment ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RN The environment
    Language: English
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    Chapter The building materials of “Rocca Vecchia” (Old Fortress) in the Gorgona Island (2023)
    Firenze University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-05-02
    Description: The research examines the building materials of the ancient fortress known as Rocca Vecchia, in the Gorgona Island, built by the Republic of Pisa and commonly dated to the 13th century. Particular attention is paid to the composition of the artificial stone materials (bricks, bedding mortars, plasters and renders) in order to better understand and define the different construction phases. The results will be useful from the historical point of view and for the future conservation intervention which will have to involve a group of prisoners who will also have the task of the subsequent maintenance.
    Keywords: Pisan Fortress ; Tuscany ; Geomaterials ; Building techniques ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning::RN The environment
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    Chapter Metaphors of art in the English translations of Giorgio Vasari’s Le vite: a software-assisted enquiry (2023)
    Firenze University Press | Nuove strategie per la traduzione del lessico artistico
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-23
    Description: This chapter focuses on the conceptual/linguistic metaphorical representations of the notion of ‘art’ in Vasari’s Le Vite. It presents a case study of select concordances for «arte» extracted from the Italian LBC corpus, and a cross-linguistic comparison with the same segments taken from two English translations (de Vere 1912-1915 and Bondanella, Bondanella 1991). Firstly, six main metaphor categories are identified in the concordances from Le Vite. Two small parallel corpora are subsequently built, collecting the ‘metaphorical’ concordances from Le Vite and their corresponding translations, and analysed to assess if and how the original metaphors were transferred to the English texts. While both English translations maintain more than half of the original metaphorical occurrences, results also highlight interesting differences between the translators’ approaches. Patterns from quantitative and qualitative investigation are discussed through select examples, considering both the functions of the original metaphorical categories and the effects of the translators’ choices on their rendition. Finally, remarks are made about the contribution of (parallel) corpus techniques to metaphor translation analysis, as emerging from this case study.
    Keywords: translation ; metaphor ; parallel corpus ; English language ; Vasari ; thema EDItEUR::A The Arts
    Language: English
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    Chapter The Creation of Two Ethnographic Identities: The Cases of the Ostrogoths and the Langobards (2023)
    Firenze University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-03
    Description: The aim of this paper is to analyse two ethnographic identities constructed for two barbarian peoples – the Ostrogoths and the Langobards. As I try to argue, the first identity was constructed to show that the Ostrogoths were a civilized people and a better version of the Romans, and moreover, this identity communicated that the Ostrogoths could not be called a barbaric and savage people. Theoderic the Great’s propagandists tried to present the Ostrogothic warriors as defenders of the Roman World. The second identity – constructed for the Langobards – presented them as a people who embodied the very antithesis of their main enemies c. 660: the Franks and the Romans. The origin of the Langobards and the genesis of their ethnic hallmark, i.e. the long beards, were presented as signs of distinction or limitic structures which communicated non-romanitas of this people.
    Keywords: Early Middle Ages ; Late Antiquity ; Ostrogoths ; Langobards ; Theoderic the Great ; Origo gentis Langobardorum ; Ethnographic Identity ; Barbarians ; Civilization ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History
    Language: English
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    Chapter Kubaba and other Divine Ladies of the Syro-Anatolian Iron Age: Developmental Trajectories, Local Variations, and Interregional Interactions (2023)
    Firenze University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: Already by the Late Bronze Age, culturally distinct cults of Kubaba existed throughout the region controlled by the Hittite Empire. After the fall of the empire and the fragmentation of the political landscape of the Syro-Anatolian region, these cults persisted in local contexts, developing along their own trajectories, and thus producing hypostases of the goddess with unique roles, modes of expression, and perhaps aliases. However, these local variations did not evolve in a vacuum, but in many cases through a process of interregional and intercultural interactions. This paper will examine these processes along with the resultant expressions of local cults of Kubaba, demonstrating specific trajectories for interactions between neighboring groups, along with selective adaptations and rejections of foreign cultic concepts. Preliminary results suggest an interesting convergence between these cults and certain sociolinguistic boundaries within the region, perhaps connected to communities with shared group identities.
    Keywords: Kubaba ; Iron Age ; Religious contacts ; Syro-Anatolian cults ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History
    Language: English
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    Chapter Journey to a foreign land: imagining migration in Sinophone Literature from Thailand (2023)
    Firenze University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-24
    Description: Sima Gong and Zeng Xin are two of the most prominent contemporary Sinophone writers in Thailand. Although they were born in Thailand, they frequently write about migration. In this chapter I want to ask why the motive of migration is so prominent in their works and how they write about it. I argue that their ancestors’ quest from China to Thailand is indeed not the focus of attention but the wandering between these two places. Although they did not physically migrate from China to Thailand, these authors use literature as a means to travel mentally between the two countries, and “re-live” the migratory experience through their texts. Analyzing these selected texts offers a unique insight into the authors’ floating identity, one that is constantly migrating between China and Thailand.
    Keywords: Migration ; Sinophone ; Thailand ; Identity ; Literature ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies
    Language: English
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    Chapter The Centres of Public Power Between the Cities and the Countryside, in the Light of the Recent Archaeology (Italian Peninsula, Late 5th-9th Century) (2023)
    Firenze University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-07
    Description: The paper aims to illustrate, especially through the results of recent archaeological studies, the articulation and forms of the centres of public power between the Gothic and the Carolingian periods, in the dialectic between the city as a seat of the institutions and their protagonists, and the countryside, which contains the production centres and controls their resources. We will consider the Italian territory, with a focus on Tuscany, and propose some comparisons with the rest of Europe. An architectural, artistic and topographical resilience emerges. It is probably the consequence of the continuity of a series of elements: the public ownership of particular urban and suburban areas and palaces, as well as of rural strategic sites; the use of languages and models of the Late Roman aristocracy, and the economic impoverishment of the early medieval rulers.
    Keywords: Early Middle Ages ; Late Antiquity ; 5th-9th Century ; Italy ; Tuscany ; Public Power Centers ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History
    Language: English
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    Chapter Monitoring of the evolution of “barene” borders and the safeguard of the Venice Lagoon morphology: a contribution from the Coastal Change From Space Project results (2023)
    Firenze University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: This research proposes the acquisition of a time series from optical satellites to observe changes in the Venice lagoon, an ecosystem which is very challenging to monitor by means of in situ survey activities, let alone using remote sensing techniques, given the presence of land and sandbars (vegetated intertidal areas). The work describes the specific validation process performed by ISPRA on the results obtained as applied on some target sites of the Venice Lagoon, both natural and partially artificial islands, using fully artificial islands as reference.
    Keywords: Remote sensing ; Shoreline ; Coastal change ; Monitoring ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RN The environment ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RN The environment
    Language: English
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    Chapter Stand structure and natural regeneration in a coastal Stone pine (Pinus pinea L.) forest in Central Italy (2023)
    Firenze University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: This study was carried out in the Regional Park of San Rossore (Italy) where we found natural regeneration of Stone pine (Pinus piena L.) in an even-aged stand of pine. The objectives of our study were to characterize the forest structure of the Stone pine stand and to quantify the natural regeneration of pine. Our results show that natural regeneration of P. pinea in the Park of San Rossore is a reachable target, however an adequate management is needed. The results are discussed with the intention of providing knowledge to support management of Stone pine forests along the Tyrrhenian coast.
    Keywords: Forest management ; Silviculture ; Stand structure ; Pinus pinea L. ; Natural regeneration ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RN The environment ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RN The environment
    Language: English
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    Chapter Grain size, nutrients and heavy metals analysis to evaluate natural vs anthropogenic sources in the sea environment (Naples Bay, Eastern Tyrrhenian Sea) (2023)
    Firenze University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: Naples Bay is affected by metal contamination of geogenic and anthropogenic nature. The grain size, organic matter, nutrients, and metal content of the seafloor sediments were analysed through a statistical approach, and a comparison was made with data ashore. The results identified four zones: one contaminated by volcanic rocks; a second and third zone contaminated by anthropogenic inputs; and a fourth distal zone with a low contamination rate. The results show that the river should be considered as a major source of anthropogenic contamination.
    Keywords: Heavy metals contamination ; Nutrients and grain size ; Submarine delta zone ; Naples Bay ; Tyrrhenian Sea ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RN The environment ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RN The environment
    Language: English
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    Chapter Quality Culture and Innovation in Higher Education (2023)
    Firenze University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-08-05
    Description: The Quality Assurance history and, in general, the building of quality concept have accompanied the humanity history. With the advent of the production systems of the second and third Industrialisations Movement, this meant strengthening the control of products and services. With the end of the last century, more and more quality has affected processes and organisations as a whole. Today, Total Quality Management models cover all sectors of goods and services. Thus, also education systems can have great benefits from the spread of a Quality Culture. The essay aims to trace the history of TQM and shows how it also concerns formal and informal training. It also wants to show how the introduction of Quality Assurance Systems helps to create positive effects at both the micro, meso, macro and mega levels.
    Keywords: Higher Education ; Quality Assurance ; Quality Culture ; Stakeholders ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences
    Language: English
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