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  • Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
  • German  (196)
  • English  (180)
  • Spanish
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  • German  (196)
  • English  (180)
  • Spanish
  • 1
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    Publication Date: 2023-08-15
    Description: Mit dem Journal „System Erde“ berichtet das Deutsche GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ über die unterschiedlichen Facetten seiner Forschungsarbeiten. Die Reihe richtet sich vor allem an Entscheiderinnen und Entscheider in Wissenschaft, Gesellschaft und Politik, an interessierte Wissenschaftlerinnen und Wissenschaftler sowie an die fachinteressierte Öffentlichkeit.
    Language: German
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  • 2
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    In:  System Erde
    Publication Date: 2023-08-16
    Description: Transfer-Erfolgsindikatoren 42 Fokus Ausgründungen 44 Transfer-Steckbriefe 46
    Language: German
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2023-05-24
    Language: German
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2023-05-25
    Language: German
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  • 5
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    In:  System Erde
    Publication Date: 2023-11-06
    Description: Wie wirkt sich Wiederaufforstung auf den Wasserkreislauf aus? 52 Menschen beeinflussen Wachstum von Blaualgen 53 Deutscher Umweltsatellit EnMAP geht in den Regelbetrieb 54 Deutschland: Mehr Wärme im Untergrund als bisher angenommen 55 Kick-off der GeoEnergie Allianz Berlin-Brandenburg GEB² 55 Methan aus Sibirien im Sommer 56 Neues aus der Klimageschichte des Toten Meeres 56 Wie tief schläft der Eifel-Vulkanismus? 57 Schwankungen des Meeresspiegels können Erdbeben auslösen 58 Wasser sickert tiefer in die Erde als erwartet 58 Neue Erkenntnisse zu frühen Ozeanen 58 Überreste einer ausgestorbenen Welt von Lebewesen entdeckt 59 Abholzung der Tropenwälder 60 Europas Sommerdürren in Baumringen 60 Immer weniger Sterne am Nachthimmel 60 Neue Erkenntnisse zum Ringstrom 61 GFZ erfolgreich bei europäischer Forschungsförderung 62 GFZ Friends – Förderverein des GFZ 62 Ausgezeichnet 63 Bücher 67
    Language: German
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2023-11-28
    Description: Das Bürgerwissenschaftsprojekt Nachtlichter ist Teil des Nachtlicht-BüHNE Projekts (2019 – 2022), finanziert von der Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft Deutscher Forschungszentren (HGF). Im Projekt haben wir einen bisher einzigartigen und weiterhin wachsenden Datensatz erstellt. Hierzu entwickelten wir im Rahmen einer fast zweijährigen, transdisziplinären Teamleistung zunächst eine mobile Web Applikation, die Nachtlichter App. Zum Einsatz kam die App vom 31. Aug. bis 14. Nov. 2021. Über zweihundert Mitforschende zählten und dokumentierten fast eine Viertelmillion künstliche Lichtquellen auf öffentlichen Straßen und Plätzen. Nachtlichter-Kampagnen liefen vorwiegend in deutschen Städten. Dieser Projektbericht dokumentiert den bürgerwissenschaftlichen Forschungsprozess basierend auf sozialwissenschaftlichen Datenerhebungsmethoden wie Interviews, teilnehmenden Beobachtungen und einer Nachbefragung der Nachtlichter-Beteiligten, an der 97 Personen freiwillig teilnahmen. Ausgehend von unseren gemeinsamen Erfahrungen, teilen wir mit diesem Bericht unser praktisch erprobtes Verständnis von Bürgerwissenschaft als gemeinsamen Prozess auf Augenhöhe und unsere Begeisterung. Wir schließen mit drei Vorschlägen für nachhaltige partizipative Forschung.
    Language: German
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  • 7
  • 8
    Publication Date: 2023-01-21
    Description: Wie können Satellitendaten, genauer gesagt Sentinel Daten des europäischen Erdbeobachtungprogramms Copernicus, im Bereich Umweltmonitoring unterstützend angewandt werden? Und wie können Umweltbehörden diese Erkenntnisse nutzen? Neben diesen beiden Fragen stehen sowohl die Anwendung unterschiedlicher Bandkombinationen und Indizes, als auch unzählige Beispiele aus der Praxis im Mittelpunkt der Schulungsreihe "Framework Partnership Agreement on Copernicus User Uptake - Copernicus für Umweltbehörden". Das erste Dokument dieser Reihe bietet eine Schritt für Schritt Anleitung zur Analyse der Pflanzenvitalität in Naturschutzgebieten. Mithilfe von Sentinel-2 Daten und dem Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) analysieren wir die (vitalitäts-bezogenen) Auswirkungen eines Dürreereignisses auf unterschiedliche terrestrische Naturschutzgebiete.
    Language: German
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2023-01-21
    Description: Wie können Satellitendaten, genauer gesagt Sentinel Daten des europäischen Erdbeobachtungprogramms Copernicus, im Bereich Umweltmonitoring unterstützend angewandt werden? Und wie können Umweltbehörden diese Erkenntnisse nutzen? Neben diesen beiden Fragen stehen sowohl die Anwendung unterschiedlicher Bandkombinationen und Indizes, als auch unzählige Beispiele aus der Praxis im Mittelpunkt der Schulungsreihe "Framework Partnership Agreement on Copernicus User Uptake - Copernicus für Umweltbehörden". Das zweite Dokument dieser Reihe bietet eine Schritt für Schritt Anleitung für die Analyse eines 5-jährlichen Hochwasserereignisses am Rhein. Mithilfe von Sentinel-2 Daten, dem Normalised Difference Water Index (NDWI) und Landnutzungsinformationen ermitteln wir Überschwemmungsflächen und identifizieren die betroffenen Landnutzungsarten.
    Language: German
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  • 10
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    In:  Inforeihe SAPIENS: Satellitendaten für Planung, Industrie, Energiewirtschaft und Naturschutz
    Publication Date: 2022-08-10
    Description: Satellitendaten in einem GIS zu bearbeiten, ist gar nicht so kompliziert. Das zweite Dokument aus der Reihe SAPIENS: Satellitendaten für Planung, Industrie, Energiewirtschaft und Naturschutz ermöglicht den Einstieg in das kostenlose Geoinformationssystem QGIS und beschreibt grundlegende Arbeitsschritte bei der Verarbeitung optischer Satellitendaten. Schritt für Schritt erklären wir, wie man die Daten mit QGIS in verschiedenen Bandkombinationen darstellen und Indizes berechnen kann und wie man sie symbolisieren, zuschneiden und exportieren kann, mit vielen zusätzlichen Tipps, weiterführenden Weblinks und einem Exkurs zu Vektor- und Offenen Geodaten.
    Language: German
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  • 11
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    In:  Stratigraphische Tabelle von Deutschland
    Publication Date: 2022-08-10
    Language: German
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  • 12
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    In:  Inforeihe SAPIENS: Satellitendaten für Planung, Industrie, Energiewirtschaft und Naturschutz
    Publication Date: 2022-10-28
    Description: Sollen Satellitendaten bearbeitet werden, ist die von der ESA bereitgestellte kostenlose Software SNAP sehr gut geeignet, besonders für Sentineldaten. Aber wie funktioniert das englischsprachige Programm? Das Extra-Handbuch aus der Reihe SAPIENS: Satellitendaten für Planung, Industrie, Energiewirtschaft und Naturschutz erklärt anschaulich die wichtigsten Schritte und Funktionen. Wir zeigen, wie man Satellitenszenen einladen, visualisieren, atmoshärisch korrigieren, mit verschiedensten Werkzeugen bearbeiten und dabei häufige Arbeitsschritte automatisieren kann. Ein ganzes Kapitel ist außerdem der Vielzahl von Indizes gewidmet, die in SNAP zur Verfügung stehen.
    Language: German
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  • 13
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    Publication Date: 2022-01-20
    Description: Mit dem Journal „System Erde“ berichtet das Deutsche GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ über die unterschiedlichen Facetten seiner Forschungsarbeiten. Die Reihe richtet sich vor allem an Entscheidungsträger in Wissenschaft, Gesellschaft und Politik, an interessierte Wissenschaftlerinnen und Wissenschaftler sowie an die fachinteressierte Öffentlichkeit.
    Language: German
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  • 14
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    In:  System Erde
    Publication Date: 2022-01-28
    Description: Netzwerk Worauf die Wissenschaft nach der Hochwasserkatastrophe 2021 Antworten finden muss 51 Wie wird eine Flut zur Katastrophe? 52 Neue Web-Plattform zur Planung der Hochwasservorsorge in Städten 52 Genauere Abschätzung erwartbarer Hochwasserschäden 53 Die seismische Chronik einer Sturzflut 54 GFZ-Taskforce am Vulkanausbruch auf La Palma 55 Wann Erdbeben Vulkanausbrüche auslösen 56 Langsame und reguläre Erdbeben wechselwirken in der Nähe von Istanbul 57 Flussläufe als Kohlenstoffsenken 58 Der Puls des Toten Meeres 58 Quecksilber wird unter grönländischem Eisschild freigesetzt 59 Regenfälle verändern arktischen Kohlenstoffkreislauf 59 Superionisches Eis: Neues zu Magnetfeldern von Uranus und Neptun 60 Wie Wasser auf Eisplaneten den felsigen Untergrund auslaugt 60 Können Astronauten unbeschadet zum Mars fliegen? 60 Chancen und Grenzen von Künstlicher Intelligenz in der Klimamodellierung 61 Mehr Rechenpower für das GFZ 62 Laborneubau GeoBioLab 62 Neue digitale Weiterbildungsformate in der Satelliten-Fernerkundung 63 BMBF prämiert das GFZ als Vorreiter in der internationalen Wissenschaftsdiplomatie 64 GFZ Friends – Förderverein des GFZ 64 Ausgezeichnet 65
    Language: German
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  • 15
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    In:  System Erde
    Publication Date: 2022-01-26
    Language: German
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  • 16
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    Publication Date: 2022-02-09
    Description: Mit dem Journal „System Erde“ berichtet das Deutsche GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ über die unterschiedlichen Facetten seiner Forschungsarbeiten. Die Reihe richtet sich vor allem an Entscheidungsträger in Wissenschaft, Gesellschaft und Politik, an interessierte Wissenschaftlerinnen und Wissenschaftler sowie an die fachinteressierte Öffentlichkeit.
    Language: German
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  • 17
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    In:  System Erde
    Publication Date: 2022-01-28
    Language: German
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  • 18
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    In:  System Erde
    Publication Date: 2022-01-28
    Language: German
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  • 19
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    In:  System Erde
    Publication Date: 2022-01-28
    Language: German
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  • 20
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    In:  System Erde
    Publication Date: 2022-01-28
    Language: German
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  • 21
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    In:  System Erde
    Publication Date: 2022-01-28
    Language: German
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    In:  System Erde
    Publication Date: 2022-01-28
    Language: German
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  • 23
    Publication Date: 2020-06-19
    Language: German
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  • 24
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    In:  Abenteuer Arktis: GFZ-Forschende im Eis
    Publication Date: 2021-01-27
    Language: German
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    Publication Date: 2021-01-27
    Language: German
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    Publication Date: 2021-01-27
    Language: German
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  • 27
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    In:  ESKP-Themenspezial: Vulkanismus
    Publication Date: 2021-04-18
    Description: Was wissen wir über Vulkane im Meer und an Land? Wie kann man sich vor ihnen schützen? Verändern sie das Klima? In unserem großen Themenspezial gehen wir diesen spannenden Forschungsfragen nach.
    Language: German
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  • 28
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    In:  Inforeihe SAPIENS: Satellitendaten für Planung, Industrie, Energiewirtschaft und Naturschutz
    Publication Date: 2022-06-24
    Description: Was ist Fernerkundung? Was sehen Satelliten? Und wie können optische Satellitendaten genutzt werden? Diese Fragen und mehr beantwortet das erste Dokument aus der Reihe SAPIENS: Satellitendaten für Planung, Industrie, Energiewirtschaft und Naturschutz. Wir geben eine kurze Einführung in die Fernerkundung mit vielen weiterführenden Weblinks und Anwendungsbeispielen.
    Language: German
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  • 29
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    Publication Date: 2021-01-27
    Language: German
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  • 30
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    In:  Cahiers du Centre Européen de Géodynamique et de Séismologie
    Publication Date: 2020-02-19
    Description: Die Übersetzung bezieht sich auf den Kernteil der Europäischen Makroseismischen Skala (EMS-98) des englischen Originals (s. externe Referenz). Darin umfasst der Kernteil die Seiten 14-20. Diese Seitennummerierung wird hier beibehalten. Die Europäische Makroseismische Skala (EMS-98) dient der Abschätzung makroseismischer Intensitäten. Die makroseismische Intensität stellt eine Klassifikation der Stärke von Bodenerschütterungen während eines Erdbebens auf der Grundlage der an einem bestimmten Ort beobachteten Auswirkungen dar. Die EMS-98 ist die jüngste allgemein anwendbare Skala. Sie berücksichtigt die unterschiedliche Widerstandsfähigkeit von Gebäuden in Form von sechs Vulnerabilitätsklassen, fünf Schadensklassen sowohl für Mauerwerk als auch für Stahlbetonkonstruktionen und unterscheidet zudem zwischen strukturellen und nicht-strukturellen Schäden. Ein weiteres diagnostisches Element ist die relative Häufigkeit beobachteter Auswirkungen mit quantitativen Definitionen der qualitativen Begriffe "wenige, viele, die meisten". Die EMS-98 ist die einzige Intensitätsskala, die durch umfassende Guidelines und Hintergrundinformationen komplettiert wird. Sie bilden u.a. die Grundlage dafür, dass Anwendungen der EMS-98 dem Gebäudebestand in verschiedensten Teilen der Welt angepasst werden können. Die Europäische Seismologische Kommission hatte 1988 die Entwicklung einer neuen Skala lanciert, die moderne, erdbebengerechte Gebäudetypen und Anforderungen seitens des Bauingenieurwesens berücksichtigen sollte. So wurde zuerst die Testversion EMS-92 und dann die EMS-98 entwickelt. Letztere bildet die Grundlage für Intensitätsabschätzungen in europäischen Ländern. Sie wird zudem in vielen Ländern außerhalb Europas angewandt. Das englische Original der EMS-98 wurde als Vollversion ins Französische, Italienische, Spa-nische und Chinesische übersetzt. Darüber hinaus liegen der Kernteil bzw. die Kurzform in insgesamt 30 Sprachen vor. Diese mehrsprachige Verfügbarkeit ist wichtig, da nicht alle Personen, die als Beobachter und Sensoren in der Makroseismologie fungieren, mit dem Englischen vertraut sind.
    Description: The European Macroseismic Scale (EMS-98) is a tool for intensity assignment. The macroseismic intensity represents a classification of the severity of ground-motion shaking during an earthquake on the basis of observed effects at a given place. The EMS-98 is the most recent scale in general use. It fully considers the varying strength of buildings in the form of six vulnerability classes, five damage grades for both masonry and reinforced concrete structures, and differentiates structural and non-structural damage as well. Another diagnostic element concerns the relative frequency of observed effects with quantitative definitions of the qualitative terms “few, many, most.” EMS-98 is the only intensity scale complemented by comprehensive guidelines and background materials. They provide the basis that the EMS-98 can easily be adapted for use to the building stock anywhere in the world. The European Seismological Commission launched the development of a new scale in 1988 which should consider modern earthquake-resistant building types and engineering requirements. So the test version EMS-92 and then EMS-98 were evolved. The latter should be the basis for intensity evaluation in European countries and is also applied in many countries outside Europe. The English original of the EMS-98 was translated as full scale into French, Italian, Spanish and Chinese. Moreover, the core part or the short form is available in a total of altogether 30 languages. Such multilingual availability is important since persons, not always fluent in English, act as observers and sensors in macroseismology.
    Language: German
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    In:  GFZ Data Services
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: Cliffs line many erosional coastlines. Localized failures can cause land loss and hazard, and impact ecosystems and sediment routing. Links between cliff erosion and forcing mechanisms are poorly constrained, due to limitations of classic approaches. Combining multi-seasonal seismic and drone surveys, wave, precipitation and groundwater data we study drivers and triggers of seismically detected failures along the chalk cliffs on Germany's largest island, Rügen. The network consists of four (later five) seismic stations along the 8.6 km long chalk cliff coast. Waveforms are available from the Geofon data centre, under network code 4K, and are embargoed until Jan 2021.
    Language: English
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    In:  ESKP-Themenspezial: Biodiversität
    Publication Date: 2021-04-18
    Language: German
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  • 33
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: The GeoDataNode project, funded by the Federal Ministry for Research and Education (BMBF) conducted a survey of data management practices at GFZ. The aim was to assess the state of current practices and needs, and their alignment to institutional and national guidelines for data management. The target audience included scientific and technical employees at all levels. A response rate of 24% of the target demographic was achieved. The survey revealed a general need for improvement and structuring of research data handling. This includes provision of adequate storage space, back-up schedules, and the familiarization of young researchers with good scientific practice.
    Language: English
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    Publication Date: 2021-01-28
    Language: German
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: Mit dem Journal „System Erde“ berichtet das Deutsche GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ über die unterschiedlichen Facetten seiner Forschungsarbeiten. Die Reihe richtet sich vor allem an Entscheidungsträger in Wissenschaft, Gesellschaft und Politik, an interessierte Wissenschaftlerinnen und Wissenschaftler sowie an die fachinteressierte Öffentlichkeit.
    Language: German
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    In:  System Erde
    Publication Date: 2022-01-28
    Language: German
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  • 37
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: This document is intended to provide basic guidance to researchers who work with digital data as well as all stakeholders with an interest in this issue and also provides advice on sources of further information. It was prepared by the Research Data Working Group in the Priority Initiative “Digital Information” of the Alliance of German Science Organisations.
    Language: English
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  • 38
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Language: English
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  • 39
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: Das Jahr 2017 war auf dem Potsdamer Telegrafenberg, der langjährigen Heimat von Friedrich Robert Helmert, geprägt durch mehrere Jubiläen: der 125ste Jahrestag der Eröffnung der neuen Forschungsräumlichkeiten des Geodätischen Instituts wurde am 06. April 2017 unter Beteiligung von zahlreichen Gästen mit einem bunten Festprogramm gefeiert. Am darauf folgenden Tag haben mehrere Vortragende in einem gut besuchten Kolloquium an das 100ste Todesjahr von F.R. Helmert erinnert. Dies wurde ergänzt durch zahlreiche Vortragsveranstaltung und weitere Kolloquien zu Helmert, die im Jahr 2017 an mehreren Orten in Deutschland durchgeführt wurden, wie z.B. in Aachen, Dortmund und - an seinem exakten Todestag, dem 15. Juni – in Potsdam. Die faszinierende Ausstellung „Fokus Erde“ hat im Frühjahr 2017 im Haus der Brandenburgisch- Preußischen Geschichte in Potsdam die Entwicklung der Geodäsie als Wissenschaft in den letzten beiden Jahrhunderten mit beeindruckenden Exponaten einer breiten Öffentlichkeit präsentiert. Es war zu sehen, dass die Geschichte der Geodäsie – national wie auch international – im ausgehenden 19. Jahrhundert wesentlich vom Potsdamer Telegrafenberg aus geprägt wurde und es muss nicht erstaunen, dass in der Ausstellung die Leistungen von Helmert, sowohl als Wissenschaftler, Hochschullehrer, geodätischer Beobachter wie auch als Organisator wissenschaftlicher Projekte eine besondere Rolle spielten. Bei den Feiern zum 25-jährigen Bestehen des Helmholtz-Zentrum Potsdam, Deutsches Geoforschungszentrum (GFZ), die ebenfalls im Jahr 2017 stattfanden, wurde immer auf die großartigen wissenschaftlichen Leistungen des langjährigen Institutsdirektors Helmert hingewiesen, die eine unverzichtbare Grundlage der heutigen Arbeiten am GFZ bedeuten und in deren Tradition sich das GFZ auch heute noch sieht. Der vorliegende Band soll insofern die unterschiedlichen Bereiche des Lebens und Wirkens von F.R. Helmert, die zum Teil im Jubiläumsjahr 2017 an verschiedenen Stellen zu Tage befördert wurden, zusammenführen und, ergänzt um weitere neu recherchierte Aspekte, den Bogen bis in die heutige Zeit der Satellitengeodäsie und des Einsatzes von Hochleistungsrechnern für geodätische Aufgaben spannen. Ohne die grundlegenden Arbeiten von Helmert wäre diese Entwicklung nicht möglich gewesen. In diesem Sinne nehmen wir seinen Geburtstag am 31. Juli 1843 zugleich zum Anlass, sein wissenschaftliches Wirken zu seinem 175. Ehrentag mit diesem Buch zu würdigen. Allen Beteiligten an den genannten Veranstaltungen wie auch den Autoren des vorliegenden Bandes sei hiermit ausdrücklich gedankt. Den Beiträgen vorangestellt ist eine Bildauswahl mit Portrait- und Gruppenaufnahmen, die Helmert zu verschiedenen Zeiten und in unterschiedlichen Positionen seines wissenschaftlichen Wirkens präsentieren.
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    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: Mit dem Journal "System Erde" berichtet das Deutsche GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ über die unterschiedlichen Facetten seiner Forschungsarbeiten. Die Reihe richtet sich vor allem an Entscheidungsträger in Wissenschaft, Gesellschaft und Politik, an interessierte Wissenschaftlerinnen und Wissenschaftler sowie an die fachinteressierte Öffentlichkeit.
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  • 41
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Language: German
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  • 42
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: Diese Handreichung soll als Einstieg für Wissenschaftlerinnen und Wissenschaftler, die mit digitalen Daten arbeiten, sowie für alle an dieser Thematik Interessierten dienen und bietet darüber hinaus Hinweise zu weiterführender Information. Sie wurde von der Arbeitsgruppe „Forschungsdaten“ der Schwerpunktinitiative „Digitale Information“ der Allianz der deutschen Wissenschaftsorganisationen1 verfasst.
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  • 43
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    In:  ESKP-Themenspezial: Rohstoffe in der Tiefsee
    Publication Date: 2021-04-18
    Description: Nahezu alle metallischen Rohstoffe, die die Menschheit gegenwärtig benötigt, werden an Land gewonnen. Mit jedem Anstieg der Rohstoffpreise und der zunehmenden Nachfrage einer wachsenden Weltbevölkerung nach neuen Technologien, könnte es attraktiver werden, auch im Meer nach metallischen Rohstoffen zu suchen. Und der Bedarf für den Ausbau der E-Mobilität, die Energiewende und für die zunehmende Digitalisierung aller Lebensbereiche erhöht sich weiter. Die Europäische Union sieht mittlerweile die Versorgung mit 27 strategisch wichtigen Rohstoffen (2017) kritisch. Hierunter fallen beispielsweise Antimon, Germanium oder Kobalt. Die Folgen einer Rohstoffknappheit würden die deutsche Industrie besonders treffen, denn sie ist bei metallischen Rohstoffen nahezu komplett importabhängig. Stellen die Ozeane vor diesem Hintergrund eine attraktive Alternative für die Rohstoffbeschaffung dar? Dieser Frage wollen wir in unserem neuen ESKP-Themenspezial nachgehen. Die Erkundungen nach metallischen Rohstoffen in der Tiefsee sind voll im Gange: im Indischen Ozean, im Pazifik, auf alten Seerücken oder den Flanken submariner Vulkane. Insbesondere Kupfer, Kobalt und Nickel kommen in der Tiefsee in Mengen vor, die mit denen an Land vergleichbar sind. Der Run auf die Erkundungslizenzen hat bereits begonnen und die Unterwasserwelt wird nach und nach aufgeteilt, um den Tiefseebergbau voranzutreiben. So haben sich die Anträge bei der Internationalen Meeresbodenbehörde in den letzten fünf Jahren verdreifacht. Doch ist aus Umweltgesichtspunkten der Abbau metallischer Rohstoffe im Meer überhaupt vertretbar? Welche Auswirkungen auf die marinen Ökosysteme hätten riesige Trübungswolken am Meeresgrund? Wie ausgereift sind die Technologien für den Meeresbodenbergbau? Wie könnte ein zuverlässiges Umweltmonitoring in der Tiefsee aussehen? Wäre es besser nach Einsparmöglichkeiten an Land zu suchen und Alternativen zu erforschen? Viele durchaus strittige Fragen, die wir aus Sicht der Forschung beleuchten wollen.
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    In:  Scientific Technical Report STR
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: A new calibration facility was developed, tested, and installed at the premises of the Geomagnetic observatory in Niemegk to test induction coil magnetometers (search coils) in the frequency range 100Hz to 1 MHz. The new calibration facility is based on a Braunbeck coil, which extends existing installations based on a three-dimensional Helmholtz coil and a cylindrical coil which cover only the frequency range from a few mHz to 100 kHz. The new calibration coil is primarily needed to test magnetic field sensors used by the Geophysical Instrument Pool Potsdam for the so-called Radio Magnetotelluric (RMT) method. The RMT method uses electromagnetic fields transmitted by radio stations to infer the electrical conductivity distribution of the shallow subsurface (~1 m to 50 m). We present theoretical calculations to determine the parameters of the new calibration coil, which could be confirmed with measurements using an OMICRON BODE 100 spectrum analyser. The new coil system was also tested by calibrating two existing magnetic field sensors (METRONIX) MFS07 and SHFT-02e) with known response functions. We infer an overall accuracy of the new system of 〈0.05nT in amplitude and 〈0.5° in phase for frequencies 〈700kHz and ≤0.05nT and ≤3° degrees for frequencies 〉 700kHz. We also developed, tested and calibrated a new magnetic field sensor, using a set of three orthogonal toroidal coils (based on the antenna AN 200). The initial results look promising. The overall noise figures surpass those of the Metronix SHFT-02e sensor. The amplitude characteristic is slightly non-linear though, varying between 5 and 75 mV/nT over the frequency range 10 kHz to 1 MHz.
    Language: German
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    Publication Date: 2021-01-28
    Language: German
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    Publication Date: 2021-01-28
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Language: German
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    In:  System Erde
    Publication Date: 2022-01-28
    Language: German
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Language: German , English
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    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: Mit dem Journal „System Erde“ berichtet das Deutsche GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ über die unterschiedlichen Facetten seiner Forschungsarbeiten. Die Reihe richtet sich vor allem an Entscheidungsträger in Wissenschaft, Gesellschaft und Politik, an interessierte Wissenschaftlerinnen und Wissenschaftler sowie an die fachinteressierte Öffentlichkeit.
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: Mit dem Journal „System Erde“ berichtet das Deutsche GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ über die unterschiedlichen Facetten seiner Forschungsarbeiten. Die Reihe richtet sich vor allem an Entscheidungsträger in Wissenschaft, Gesellschaft und Politik, an interessierte Wissenschaftlerinnen und Wissenschaftler sowie an die fachinteressierte Öffentlichkeit.
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  • 52
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: Länge: 15 Min.
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  • 53
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: Energiewende ist Daseinsvorsorge. Eine erfolgreiche Energiewende benötigt eine Wärmewende! Innovationen, Demonstration und gesellschaftliche Akzeptanz spielen dabei eine Schlüsselrolle. Das „Zwanzig20- Forum Wärmewende“ entwickelt Strategien für den zukünftigen Einsatz von innovativen Technologien zur Realisierung der Wärmewende. Wir sind davon überzeugt, dass eine effiziente Wärmeversorgung urbaner Räume aus heimischen, regenerativen Energiequellen nicht nur möglich, sondern auch umsetzbar ist. Die Wärmewende kan gelingen, wenn die Energieeffizienz und der Anteil erneuerbarer Wärme gesteigert werden und der Sektor Strom geschickt in die Wärmeerzeugng eingebunden wird. Effizienzmaßnahmen haben Vorrang, stoßen aber an Grenzen. Erneuerbare Energien besitzen im Wärmesektor ein hohes Entwicklungspotential. Es gibt kein Patentrezept, die Wärmewende muss technologieoffen gestaltet werden. Im Transformationsprozess spielen Akzeptanz, Demografie und strukturierte Stadtentwicklung eine Schlüsselrolle. Deshalb sind die technologischen Lösungsansätze in eine holistische Sichtweise zu integrieren. Für eine Wärmewende sollten Lösungen ab der Dimension „Quartier“ vorrangig umgesetzt werden. Städte sind stark verdichtete Lebensräume des Menschen. Wärme-, Kälte- und Gasnetze bringen erneuerbare Energien in diese Lebensräume. Daher werden diese Netze in Städten erhalten und ausgebaut. In Großstädten gibt es auch künftig einen substanziellen Bedarf für eine zentrale Fernwärmeversorgung. Hierfür ist zukünftig die Nutzung von Erdwärme unverzichtbar. Die Netze sind die Energieversorgungsinfrastrukturen, die eine Integration der Innovationen von morgen ermöglichen, also von Lösungen, die wir heute noch nicht kennen. Bei vielen technologischen Prozessen fällt Abwärme an, die ungenutzt an die Umwelt abgegeben wird. Die Stadt der Zukunft heizt und kühlt mit dieser Abwärme. Dafür sind Speicher notwendig, auch saisonale Großspeicher. Demonstration ist wichtig für den Erfolg der Wärmewende. Demonstration adressiert die vorhandenen Zielkonflikte, hilft den Veränderungsprozess lösungsorientiert zu gestalten und fördert die Akzeptanz. Benötigt werden mehr Demonstrationsprojekte. Ausgehend von technologischen Lösungen bauen sichtbare und erfolgreiche Demonstrationsprojekte Vorbehalte und Unsicherheiten ab und schaffen Blaupausen für erfolgreiches Handeln und Wirtschaften. Dabei vernetzten sie an einem konkreten Standort die relevanten Akteure und verhelfen Innovationen zum Markteinstieg. Der Entwicklung von regenerativen Demonstrationsvorhaben stehen deutliche Hemmnisse gegenüber, daher ist sie für alle Beteiligten zeit- und ressourcenintensiv. Eine regenerative Wärmeversorgung erfordert zusätzliche Investitionen und muss sich als neuer Teilnehmer in einem etablierten und gedeckten Wärmemarkt behaupten. Kostendruck und Konkurrenzstellung liefern dabei wenig Anreize für Versorger und Verbraucher, regenerative Technologien zu implementieren. Die Anwendung innovativer Technologien stellt vielfach die etablierten Rollen zwischen Erzeuger und Verbraucher sowie dem Produkt der Wertschöpfung in Frage. Neue Geschäftsmodelle haben es schwer sich durchzusetzen, da die etablierten Modelle gut funktionieren. Demonstrationsvorhaben müssen daher durch staatliche Förderprogramme stimuliert werden. Integrierte Verbundprojekte zwischen der Wärmewirtschaft und öffentlichen Forschungsinstitutionen liefern gute Voraussetzungen für eine Förderfähigkeit.
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    In:  Wege zur Kunst
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Language: German , English
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  • 55
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: The 2016 LoNNe (Loss of the Night Network) intercomparison campaign is the fourth of four campaigns planned during EU COST Action ES1204. The first campaign took place in 2013 in Lastovo, Croatia, the second in Madrid, Spain (Bará et al 2015), the third in Torniella and Florence, Italy (Kyba et al 2015a). The 2016 campaign took place at the Parc Astronòmic Montsec (PAM). The campaign was supported by the European Collective Awareness Platform for Social and Sustainable Innovation (CAPPSI) STARS4ALL, in which the activity is planned to become a continuous light pollution initiative (LPI). The financing of this campaign, which is listed as a milestone in the MoU of the COST Action ES1204, was unexpectedly waived by the EU-COST Office due to administrative complications and re-organization of the grant-periods. The campaign continued the strategy of taking measurements at multiple sites, this year with a main fixed site and then excursions to other sites. The goals of the campaigns included: ● Understanding the difference between extinction measurements made by DSLR photometry and classical astronomical (telescope) photometry, and also understanding the relation between extinction and sky brightness at these two sites. ● Examining the difference in radiance measured with the mosaic technique of the US National Parks Service camera compared to all-sky fisheye imagery ● Examining the relationships between all-sky and zenith radiance reported by different instruments ● Quantifying the sky brightness at the sites, including full zenith spectral radiance at selected locations ● Measuring the systematic uncertainty on handheld SQM observations due to unit-to-unit differences This report provides a brief synopsis of the campaign and its preliminary outcomes. Section 2 describes the measurement locations, the detailed activities of the participants, the instruments used, and the environmental conditions. Section 3 describes a meeting with local authorities that took place during the campaign. Section 4 provides some preliminary results, outlines the ongoing analyses, and presents research questions for the next campaign to address. Section 5 provides recommendations for future intercomparison campaigns. The Municipality of Balaguer coordinated with us regarding the time that architectural lamps were turned off, and the village of Àger allowed us to turn all street lighting off at a time of our choice.
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  • 56
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: Der Film dokumentiert den Kurs für Grundschulkinder „Geochemische Schatzsuche“. Ziel des Kurses ist es, Grundschulkinder für Naturwissenschaften zu begeistern. Länge: 6:37 min
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  • 57
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: Der Report des Helmholtz Open Science Workshops „Zugang zu und Nachnutzung von wissenschaftlicher Software“ #hgfos16 behandelt die Themen Standards und Qualitätssicherung; Reproduzierbarkeit; Lizenzierung und weitere rechtliche Aspekte; Zitation und Anerkennung; Sichtbarkeit und Modularität; Geschäftsmodelle; Personal, Ausbildung, Karrierewege. Diese Themen sind eng miteinander verzahnt. Für jeden Themenbereich werden jeweils die Relevanz, Fragestellungen, Herausforderungen, mögliche Lösungsansätze und Handlungsempfehlungen betrachtet.
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    Publication Date: 2021-10-12
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    In:  Scientific Technical Report STR - Data
    Publication Date: 2022-12-07
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    Publication Date: 2021-01-28
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    Publication Date: 2021-01-28
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    In:  System Erde
    Publication Date: 2022-01-28
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    In:  System Erde
    Publication Date: 2022-01-28
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: Die vorliegende Ausgabe des GFZ-Journals „System Erde“ soll einen Einblick in die am GFZ betriebene Forschung zur Seismologie geben.
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    In:  Scientific Technical Report STR
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: The International Continental Scientific Drilling Program (ICDP) performed a dual-phase scientific drilling project to investigate mountain-building processes called Collisional Orogeny in the Scandinavian Caledonides (COSC). The borehole COSC-1 was drilled through the Lower Seve Nappe, as the first of two 2.5 km deep drill holes close to Åre, central Sweden. The recovered rocks comprise a 1650 m thick suite of high grade gneisses and amphibolites with clear Seve Nappe affinities, while the lower 850 m comprise rather homogenous mylonitic gneisses with interfingered K-rich phyllonite bands of cm to several m size and some intercalated amphibolites. The different lithologies all crosscut the core in a subhorizontal direction with foliation of gneisses and phyllonites in the same direction. Albite and garnet porphyroblasts with pressure shadows show syn-deformational growth and the same sub-horizontal alignment. The focus of this thesis is to detect chemical and mineralogical differences in mylonitic and host rocks and to relate these differences to either metasomatism and deformation or inherited source rock variance. Another goal of this work is to compare chemical core scanning instruments. For this purpose two different μ-Energy-Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence (μ-EDXRF), Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) and hyperspectral imaging techniques served to measure seven samples from the lower 850 m of the COSC-1 core. The measurements reveal sharp borders between different rock types without indication of metasomatic changes, pointing to a heterogeneous protolith such as greywacke. Element and mineral maps show strong pervasive ductile deformation with mylonite recrystallization. The comparison of the scanning devices shows that the μ-EDXRF scanner with 50 μm resolution can be used perfectly for microstructural investigations and heavy element analysis. The XRF core scanner from AVAATECH is very useful and sufficiently precise for element profiles of line scans. The LIBS scanner is great to create distribution maps of elements from H to U with a resolution of 200 μm. The hyperspectral cameras are extremely fast in acquiring spectral mineral maps and structural information. However, several rock forming minerals in gneisses can currently not be identified and a calibration for metamorphic rocks is still needed.
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    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: Diese Ausgabe des GFZ-Journals „System Erde“ wurde im Dezember 2016 produziert und erscheint im Januar 2017. Das ist der Monat, in dem das Deutsche GeoForschungsZentrum seinen 25. Geburtstag feiert. Der Schwerpunkt Südamerika ist dabei durchaus passend, denn die Forscherinnen und Forscher des GFZ arbeiten dort seit der Gründung des Zentrums. Die Südpazifikküste mit den großen Subduktionsbeben, die Anden mit ihren Vulkanen und all die geologischen Prozesse, die in der Region sichtbar werden, sind wie die Seiten eines Lehrbuchs der Geologie – wenn man sie denn zu entziffern weiß. Selbst die so genannten passiven Kontinentalränder an den Küsten des Südatlantiks bieten uns tiefe Einblicke in die Erdgeschichte; sie sind Geoarchive erster Ordnung. Hinzu kommt, dass sie Lagerstätten für Rohstoffe bergen.
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    In:  Geologische Speicherung von CO2
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: Film 7: "Die Stilllegung eines CO2-Speichers – Pilotstandort Ketzin" (Länge 10:39) Produktionsjahr: 2015
    Language: German
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    In:  Scientific Technical Report STR
    Publication Date: 2022-12-07
    Description: Very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) is one of the fundamental space geodetic techniques. Important goals for the next generation of VLBI technology are continuous operations as well as automated data processing. For this reason, it is necessary to introduce real time capable parameter estimation algorithms, such as Kalman filters, to VLBI data analysis. In this study, such a filter was implemented in the VLBI software VieVS@GFZ, and several aspects related to VLBI data processing were investigated. Within the corresponding module VIE_KAL it is possible, for example, to estimate all parameters important in VLBI analysis, adapt their stochastic models, flexibly define the datum, integrate external data, as well as extract datum free normal equations. The foci of the investigations were on the effects of the troposphere, the most important error source in VLBI analysis, and on the determination of station positions, which are of great importance in geodesy. For the stochastic model of the tropospheric delays, station- and timedependent differences were considered. In comparisons with tropospheric parameters from GNSS, water vapor radiometers and numerical weather models, the Kalman filter solution yielded 5 to 15% smaller differences than a least squares solution based on the same models and VLBI data. Also in the case of estimated station coordinates, the Kalman filter solution exhibited better baseline length and station coordinate repeatabilities. The application of station-based process noise led to additional improvements. Furthermore, the Kalman filter was used to estimate subdaily station coordinate variations caused by tidal and loading effects. Finally, the findings were used to determine Kalman-filter-based global terrestrial reference frames (TRFs). For the stochastic model of the coordinate variations of particular stations, loading deformation time series were utilized. The non-deterministic approach of the Kalman filter allowed the consideration of non-linear station movement, for example, due to irregular seasonal effects or post-seismic deformations. In comparisons with a VLBI TRF solution from a classical adjustment and ITRF2008, a good agreement in terms of transformation parameters and station velocities was achieved. The findings from testing different options related to the parameterization and to the stochastic model will help to improve future reference frames.
    Language: German
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    Publication Date: 2021-01-28
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    In:  System Erde
    Publication Date: 2022-01-28
    Language: German
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    In:  System Erde
    Publication Date: 2022-01-28
    Language: German
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    Publication Date: 2022-03-28
    Description: A temporary installation has been realized in the Netherlands, in the region of the Groningen gas field. The objective of this installation is to test the usage of a conventional array layout for detection of microseismicity. The region of the Groningen gas field is an excellent test ground, since the operating company NAM (Nederlandse Aardolie Maatschappij) installed a multitude of shallow borehole stations from 2014 to 2017, of which 65 – in addition to the already existing shallow borehole stations installed by KNMI (Koninklijk Nederlands Meteorologisch Instituut) – were already online during the time of measurement, thus ensuring an earthquake catalogue that is complete down to low magnitudes during the time of array installation. The site for the installation was decided together with local parties involved in the seismicity monitoring, i.e. KNMI and NAM, and was located close to the village of Wittewierum. Stations were installed from the 12th of July 2016 to the 29th of August 2016 (49 days). The array was composed of 9 stations. The array was constructed in three concentric rings of 75 m, 150 m and 225 m diameter including a central station, but the geometry had to be adapted to the local conditions. Each station consisted of a broadband sensor (Trillium 120 s), an acquisition system (CUBE datalogger), a battery, and a GPS antenna. The entire system was installed at ~1 m depth (apart from GPS and transmission antennas), requiring only the digging of shallow holes, one for the installation of a thin concrete plate and the sensor, another one for a box containing the remaining instrumentation. The array stations recorded continuously with little outages; only station WAR1 stopped recording on the 22nd of August and station WAR7 stopped recording from 20th to 22nd of August. Waveform data is available from the GEOFON data centre, under network code 1C, and is fully open.
    Language: English
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  • 73
    Publication Date: 2022-11-29
    Description: Abstract
    Description: A temporary seismic array was installed in combination with a meteorological station in the Dead Sea valley, Jordan. Within the scope of the HGF virtual institute DESERVE we operated 15 temporary seismic stations between February 2014 and February 2015 together with a nearby meteorological station close to the east coast of the Dead Sea. The main aim was to acquire data to study the influence of wind on seismic records and retrieve related meteorological parameters. The study area is scarcely populated and has ideal meteorological conditions to study periodically occurring winds.
    Keywords: Seismology ; Array ; Noise ; Wind
    Language: English
    Type: Dataset , controlled source data
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  • 74
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: The 2014 LoNNe (Loss of the Night Network) intercomparison campaign is the third of four campaigns planned during EU COST Action ES1204. This report provides a brief synopsis of the campaign and its preliminary outcomes. Section 2 describes the measurement locations, the activities of the participants, the instruments used, and the environmental conditions. Section 3 describes a public outreach event held during the campaign. Section 4 provides some preliminary results, outlines the ongoing analyses, and presents research questions for the next campaign to address. Section 5 provides recommendations for the final LoNNe intercomparison campaign in 2016. Section 6 concludes the report.
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  • 75
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: The ability of any satellite gravity mission concept to monitor mass transport processes in the Earth system is typically tested well ahead of its implementation by means of various simulation studies. Those studies often extend from the simulation of realistic orbits and instrumental data all the way down to the retrieval of global gravity field solution time-series. Basic requirement for all these simulations are realistic representations of the spatio-temporal mass variability in the different sub-systems of the Earth, as a source model for the orbit computations. For such simulations, a suitable source model is required to represent (i) high-frequency (i.e., sub-daily to weekly) mass variability in the atmosphere and oceans, in order to realistically include the effects of temporal aliasing due to non-tidal high-frequency mass variability into the retrieved gravity fields. In parallel, (ii) low-frequency (i.e., monthly to interannual) variability needs to be modelled with realistic amplitudes, particularly at small spatial scales, in order to assess to what extent a new mission concept might provide further insight into physical processes currently not observable. The new source model documented here attempts to fulfil both requirements: Based on ECMWF’s recent atmospheric reanalysis ERA-Interim and corresponding simulations from numerical models of the other Earth system components, it offers spherical harmonic coefficients of the time-variable global gravity field due to mass variability in atmosphere, oceans, the terrestrial hydrosphere including the ice-sheets and glaciers, as well as the solid Earth. Simulated features range from sub-daily to multiyear periods with a spatial resolution of spherical harmonics degree and order 180 over a period of 12 years. In addition to the source model, a de-aliasing model for atmospheric and oceanic high-frequency variability with augmented systematic and random noise is required for a realistic simulation of the gravity field retrieval process, whose necessary error characteristics are discussed. The documentation is organized as follows: The characteristics of the updated ESM along with some basic validation are presented in Volume 1 of this report (Dobslaw et al., 2014). A detailed comparison to the original ESA ESM (Gruber et al., 2011) is provided in Volume 2 (Bergmann-Wolf et al., 2014), while Volume 3 (Forootan et al., 2014) contains a description of the strategy to derive a realistically noisy de-aliasing model for the high-frequency mass variability in atmosphere and oceans. The files of the updated ESA Earth System Model for gravity mission simulation studies are accessible at DOI:10.5880/GFZ.1.3.2014.001.
    Language: English
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    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
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    In:  Scientific Technical Report - Data | GIPP Experiment- and Data Archive
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: SEGY and supplementary data of the seismic reflection experiment in the Baza Basin (Southern Spain). Presented are unstacked and unmigrated data of three 2D vibroseis profiles which were carried out in October 2013 and all corresponding raw data.
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    In:  Scientific Technical Report
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: This publication is a result of the 13th TRACE conference (Tree Rings in Archaeology, Climatology and Ecology) organized by the Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences at the University of St Andrews on May 6th – 10th, 2014 in Aviemore, Scotland, UK. [...]After review, 18 short papers are published in this volume, giving an overview of the wide spectrum of different fields covered at TRACE.
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    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Language: English
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    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Language: German
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    In:  Scientific Technical Report - Data
    Publication Date: 2022-12-07
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    In:  Scientific Technical Report
    Publication Date: 2022-12-07
    Description: The Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) plays a significant role in the fields of airborne gravimetry. The objective of this thesis is to develop reliable GNSS algorithms and software for kinematic highly precise GNSS data analysis in airborne gravimetry.
    Language: English
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  • 83
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: Raw-, SEG-Y and other supplementary data of the amphibious wide-angle seismic experiment carried out in South Turkey, Cyprus and south of Cyprus are presented. The aim of this project was to reveal the crustal structure of the Anatolian plateau, Cyprus and the Eratosthenes Seamount (ESM), south of Cyprus. Simultaneous data acquisition offshore with ocean bottom seismometers and airguns and onshore with seismic land stations and two land shots in South Turkey lead to a 650 km long amphibian seismic profile.
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    In:  Scientific Technical Report - Data
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: This report as well as the associated data is a supplement to the publication Blöcher et al. (2015) accessible via DOI: 10.1016/j.geothermics.2015.07.008. From 2011-06-01 until 2013-12-31, the measurement and control system at the Groß Schönebeck research platform acquired data from several circulation experiments. Different data values were recorded at a sampling interval of 1 s. Relevant data for understanding and analyzing the hydraulic situation of the system were resampled to a 1 minute interval. From the resampled dataset, additional parameters were derived. Furthermore, if parameters were considered to be essential, but the measurement of these parameters was erroneous, some data were reprocessed. All relevant data and processing steps performed on the data are described within this report. Data described within this report can be accessed via DOI:10.5880/GFZ.b103-15021.1. The presented data was acquired during different research projects by the staff of the International Centre for Geothermal Research as well as Section 4.1 Reservoirtechnologies at the Helmholtz Centre Potsdam GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences.
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  • 85
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: Dieser Leitfaden entstand im dreijährigen Projekt „Konzeption und Erprobung von Modellen für forschungsnahe Transferstrukturen in der außeruniversitären Forschung“ – kurz TMod – auf Initiative von zwei Leibniz-Instituten und drei Helmholtz-Zentren unter Projektkoordination durch das Helmholtz-Zentrum Potsdam - Deutsches Geoforschungszentrum GFZ und unter Förderung durch das BMBF, wobei sich der Kreis der Projektpartner im Projektverlauf auf insgesamt neun Einrichtungen erweiterte. Die Beteiligten waren auf der Suche nach zeitgemäßen Instrumenten, mit denen die Ergebnisse und Leistungen ihrer Wissenschaftler effektiver zu echten Innovationen werden. Die unterschiedlichen Erfahrungen, die es bis dahin mit Ausgründungen zur Professionalisierung des Wissens- und Technologietransfers gab, waren sehr unterschiedlich und vorwiegend quantitativ abstrakt aufgearbeitet. Es gab daher gerade bei mittleren und kleinen außeruniversitären Forschungseinrichtungen einen Bedarf nach fundiertem und strukturiertem Anwendungswissen, um eine entsprechende Umstrukturierung zu erleichtern. Das Projekt TMod kam diesem Bedarf mit einer Analyse von Best Practices, der Klärung offener Fragestellungen und einer darauf aufbauenden individuellen Konzeptentwicklungs- und Umsetzungsunterstützung entgegen. Der so entstandene Leitfaden soll wissenschaftliche Einrichtungen, die Ihren Technologietransfer professionalisieren wollen, praktisch unterstützen und sie vom gewonnenen Wissen im Projekt TMod profitieren lassen.
    Language: English
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    In:  Scientific Technical Report - Data
    Publication Date: 2021-01-28
    Description: The acronym EMERALD was supposed to stand for ElectroMagnetic Equipment, Raw data And Locations Database. What survived over the years was the EMERALD processing, a set of computer programs to analyse MT time series data, and the EMERALD file format for storing MT data. This document describes the EMERALD file format and how to use it with the C++, C and FORTRAN programming languages. Interface functions also exist for Matlab and Powershell but they are not described here. EMERALD data files typically come in pairs of two files with the same name but differing file name extensions, sometimes called RAW and XTR files. XTR (extract) files are plain ASCII files, which can be read and modified with text editors. RAW files or more generally, EMERALD ‐type data files are in most cases binary and used to store all kind of magnetotelluric (MT) data such as time series, cross‐ and auto spectra and calibration data. The EMERALD ‐type data files store any number of channels of data in matrix form, but do not contain any description of the data. This information is stored in the according XTR file. In 2015 the original XTR files were replaced by a modernized version based on the Extensible Markup Language (XML). The new files have the extension .XTRX.
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    Publication Date: 2021-01-28
    Language: German
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    Publication Date: 2021-01-28
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    In:  System Erde
    Publication Date: 2022-01-28
    Language: German
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    In:  Scientific Technical Report - Data | GIPP Experiment- and Data Archive
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: The sources for the magnetotelluric method are naturally occurring electromagnetic field variations. Electromagnetic currents are excited over a wide frequency range in the earth’s ionosphere by solar activity and global lighting discharges. While these source are available everywhere on earth and at all times, their signal strength varies considerably. The so-called remote-reference technique is an effective way to improve magnetotelluric data quality by referencing the electromagnetic fields recorded at a local site to simultaneously recorded, undisturbed fields at a remote site. The remote reference approach has become standard for magnetotelluric field work, particularly in areas with high levels of man-made electromagnetic noise; i.e. almost everywhere in central Europe. Identifying a suitable location for a clean remote site is difficult and time-consuming. Maintaining such a site in addition to normal field operations is expensive and logistically challenging. A permanently installed reference station simplifies MT measurements considerably. The radius for which source fields are coherent depends mostly on the frequency content of the signals and the latitude of observations. According to our own tests, signals are coherent at frequencies of up to 10 kHz over distances of 1000 km. After a reconnaissance operation during which several locations all over Germany were tested, we could eventually identify an urban forest near the town of Wittstock in northern Germany as a suitable location for a reference station. A preliminary installation of the reference station was accomplished by mid-2010. The permanent installation in a wooden hut and operating with a range of sensors and sampling rates is available since November 2010. Meanwhile the data of the Wittstock site have been used very successfully to re-process a number of magnetotelluric stations in Germany. This report describes the installation, the type of sensors and the recorded data sets, which are freely available on request. For updated material, please refer to our webpages (http://www.gfz-potsdam.de/en/section/geophysical-deep-sounding/servicesinfrastructure/geophysical-instrument-pool-potsdam-gipp/archive/mt-reference-site/)
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  • 91
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    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: Die vorliegenden Lecture Notes wurden im Rahmen von Vorlesungen und Praktika zwischen 1999 und 2014 an den Universitäten Frankfurt, Hamburg und Potsdam entwickelt, insbesondere als Zusatzmaterial meines Moduls Einführung in die Geophysik an der Universität Hamburg. Ziel dieser Vorlesung war die breite Einführung in die Grundlagen der Geophysik, von der großskaligen, globalen Geophysik bis zur kleinskaligen oberflächennahen und angewandten Geophysik. Das Manuskript ist vom Niveau her für Anfangssemester in einem Diplom- oder Bachelor-Studiengang in der Geophysik/Ozeanographie, den Geowissenschaften oder der Physik geeignet. Die Theorie-Kapitel sind auf wenige wichtige Formeln und elementare Ableitungen beschränkt. Meßinstrumente, Meßverfahren und Anwendungen werden ausführlich besprochen und durch Beispiele vertieft. Der erste Teil beginnt mit der Entstehung der Erde und der Planeten. Der innere Aufbau der Erde und die Dynamik der Erde folgen im dritten Kapitel. Unterkapitel sind hier bereits die globale Plattentektonik, der Wärmehaushalt der Erde und die Entstehung des Erdmagnetfeldes. Im vierten Kapitel folgt das Schwerefeld der Erde und die Ansätze der angewandten Gravimetrie. Der Sto↵ des fünften Kapitels umfasst die Geomagnetik und den remanenten Gesteinsmagnetismus. In den folgenden Kapiteln wird in weitere Verfahren der angewandten Geophysik eingeführt. Die Gleichstromelektrik wird ebenso behandelt wie Verfahren, die mit elektromagnetischen Wellen arbeiten. Dabei wird auch die Arbeitsweise des Bodenradar und der Magnetotellurik beschrieben. Im vorletzten Kapitel wird in seismische Verfahren eingeführt, die in der angewandten Geophysik eine wichtige Rolle spielen. Hierbei werden nötige Grundlagen der Theorie elastischer Wellen ebenso wie praktische Aspekte der geometrischen Ausbreitung von Raumwellen durch die Erde kurz beschrieben. Das letzte Kapitel ist den Erdbeben und der Seismologie gewidmet. Begleitende Übungsaufgaben sind auf Anfrage erhältlich.
    Language: German
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    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Language: German
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  • 93
    Publication Date: 2022-11-29
    Description: Abstract
    Description: In August and September 2013, 17 shallow ocean bottom seismograph (S-OBS) stations and 8 land stations had been deployed on and around Muostakh Island (Laptev Sea, Russia) for a time period of 24 days. The specifically designed underwater recording equipment consists of a low-power digital recorder, a standard 4.5Hz 3-component geophone, and a battery pack. These components are enclosed in a watertight cylindrical container safe for operation down to 100m water depth. Land stations were also equipped with 4.5 Hz 1C-geophones as well as with batteries. All instruments recorded continuously with 200 samples per second (sps). The stations were deployed along two profiles covering a region of 8km x 8 km. The tilt of the geophone inside the S-OBS influences the sensor characteristics. Since the orientation and tilt at the ocean bottom was unknown, approximately every 24 hours a calibration signal (a sequence of step-functions) was applied to the sensors of the ocean stations. This might be used to recover the actual sensor characteristics (eigenfrequency and damping). The dataset contains 1) a info-folder with a) a README file; b) a file containing the times when calibration signals occurred (format: recorder_ID - date - time); c) the station table (ASCII; recorder_ID - latitude - longitude - (water)depth); d) a map of the region with the locations of the stations; 2) raw CUBE-formatted data; 3) converted mini-seed-formatted data (hourly files).
    Keywords: Seismology ; Laptev Sea (Russia) ; Cryosphere ; Solid Earth ; Permafrost
    Language: English
    Type: Dataset , temporary seismological network
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  • 94
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: The ability of any satellite gravity mission concept to monitor mass transport processes in the Earth system is typically tested well ahead of its implementation by means of various simulation studies. Those studies often extend from the simulation of realistic orbits and instrumental data all the way down to the retrieval of global gravity field solution time-series. Basic requirement for all these simulations are realistic representations of the spatio-temporal mass variability in the different sub-systems of the Earth, as a source model for the orbit computations. For such simulations, a suitable source model is required to represent (i) high-frequency (i.e., subdaily to weekly) mass variability in the atmosphere and oceans, in order to realistically include the effects of temporal aliasing due to non-tidal high-frequency mass variability into the retrieved gravity fields. In parallel, (ii) low-frequency (i.e., monthly to interannual) variability needs to be modelled with realistic amplitudes, particularly at small spatial scales, in order to assess to what extent a new mission concept might provide further insight into physical processes currently not observable. The new source model documented here attempts to fulfil both requirements: Based on ECMWF’s recent atmospheric reanalysis ERA-Interim and corresponding simulations from numerical models of the other Earth system components, it offers spherical harmonic coefficients of the time-variable global gravity field due to mass variability in atmosphere, oceans, the terrestrial hydrosphere including the ice-sheets and glaciers, as well as the solid Earth. Simulated features range from sub-daily to multiyear periods with a spatial resolution of spherical harmonics degree and order 180 over a period of 12 years. In addition to the source model, a de-aliasing model for atmospheric and oceanic high-frequency variability with augmented systematic and random noise is required for a realistic simulation of the gravity field retrieval process, whose necessary error characteristics are discussed. The documentation of the updated ESA Earth System Model (updated ESM) for gravity mission simulation studies is organized as follows: The characteristics of the updated ESM along with some basic validation is presented in Volume 1. A detailed comparison to the original ESA ESM (Gruber et al., 2011) is provided in Volume 2, while Volume 3 contains the description of a strategy to derive realistic errors for the de-aliasing model of high-frequency mass variability in atmosphere and ocean.
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    In:  Scientific Technical Report STR - Data
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: The integrated plate boundary in Chile (IPOC) combines 15 broadband stations with strong-motion sensors, GPS, strain sensors and magneto-telluric stations. The Chilean subduction zone setting provides a high background rate of seismicity (crustal, intermediate depth, and plate interface) in a region with exceptionally low ambient noise, particularly at higher frequencies. We have deployed seismic mini-arrays in the vicinity of IPOC stations PB02 and PB07, and installed a third array to the east of these stations near the village of Quillagua, such that all three arrays form a triangle. Each array has 10 elements and an aperture in the km range. The study area lies just to the north of the northern boundary of the rupture area of the Tocopilla earthquake of 2007 Mw=7.7) and just above or slightly to the east of the downdip limit of plate interface seismicity. Installing the mini-arrays in the area of the existing IPOC has the following advantages: • Independent knowledge of background structure and seismicity from existing and ongoing studies. • Should any transients or other unusual signals be found in the array data, we can look for anomalous signals in geodetic and MT recordings, which will help to narrow down possible underlying mechanisms.
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  • 96
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: Passive continental margins offer the unique opportunity to study the processes involved in continental extension and break up as well as the role of hot-spot related magmatism. We conducted combined on- and offshore seismic experiments in Northern Namibia designed to characterize the Southern African passive margin at the interaction with the Walvis Ridge, to assess the interaction of the presumed plume with continental lithosphere and to determine the deep structure of the transition from the coastal fold belt to the stable craton, where the Walvis Ridge hits the African continent. The seismic project integrated three experiments, (A) an onshore, coast-parallel refraction seismic profile, (B) two onshore-offshore wide-angle seismic transects, and (C) a combined on- and offshore seismic experiment to image the sub-Moho velocity (Pn tomography) at the ocean-continent transition (Fig. 1). The knowledge of the lithospheric structure of the margin together with results from other geoscientific studies (e.g., conducted within the SPPSAMPLE, DFG Priority Program 1375, South Atlantic Margin Processes and Links with onshore Evolution) will help to address fundamental questions such as, how continental crust and plume head interact, what the extent and volumes of magmatic underplating is, and how and which inherited (continental) structures might have been involved and utilized in the break-up process.
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    In:  Scientific Technical Report
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: This publication is a result of the 12th TRACE conference (Tree Rings in Archaeology, Climatology and Ecology) organized by the Department of Agriculture, Forests, Nature and Energy (DAFNE) of the Università della Tuscia (Viterbo, Italy) on May 08th – 11th 2013 in Viterbo, Italy. [...] A total of 20 manuscripts were submitted. After review 19 short papers are published in this volume, giving an overview of the wide spectrum of fields in tree-ring research.
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/report
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  • 98
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    In:  Scientific Technical Report
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/report
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  • 99
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: The ability of any satellite gravity mission concept to monitor mass transport processes in the Earth system is typically tested well ahead of its implementation by means of various simulation studies. Those studies often extend from the simulation of realistic orbits and instrumental data all the way down to the retrieval of global gravity field solution time-series. Basic requirement for all these simulations are realistic representations of the spatio-temporal mass variability in the different sub-systems of the Earth, as a source model for the orbit computations. For such simulations, a suitable source model is required to represent (i) high-frequency (i.e., sub-daily to weekly) mass variability in the atmosphere and oceans, in order to realistically include the effects of temporal aliasing due to non-tidal high-frequency mass variability into the retrieved gravity fields. In parallel, (ii) low-frequency (i.e., monthly to interannual) variability needs to be modelled with realistic amplitudes, particularly at small spatial scales, in order to assess to what extent a new mission concept might provide further insight into physical processes currently not observable. The new source model documented here attempts to fulfil both requirements: Based on ECMWF’s recent atmospheric reanalysis ERA-Interim and corresponding simulations from numerical models of the other Earth system components, it offers spherical harmonic coefficients of the time-variable global gravity field due to mass variability in atmosphere, oceans, the terrestrial hydrosphere including the ice-sheets and glaciers, as well as the solid Earth. Simulated features range from sub-daily to multiyear periods with a spatial resolution of spherical harmonics degree and order 180 over a period of 12 years. In addition to the source model, a de-aliasing model for atmospheric and oceanic high-frequency variability with augmented systematic and random noise is required for a realistic simulation of the gravity field retrieval process, whose necessary error characteristics are discussed. The documentation is organized as follows: The characteristics of the updated ESM along with some basic validation are presented in Volume 1 of this report (Dobslaw et al., 2014). A detailed comparison to the original ESA ESM (Gruber et al., 2011) is provided in Volume 2 (Bergmann-Wolf et al., 2014), while Volume 3 (Forootan et al., 2014) contains a description of the strategy to derive a realistically noisy de-aliasing model for the high-frequency mass variability in atmosphere and oceans. The files of the updated ESA Earth System Model for gravity mission simulation studies are accessible at DOI:10.5880/GFZ.1.3.2014.001.
    Language: English
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  • 100
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    In:  Scientific Technical Report
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/report
    Format: application/pdf
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