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  • 1
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    Reassessing the need for carbon dioxide removal: moral implications of alternative climate target pathways (2024)
    Cambridge University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-05
    Description: Non-technical summary Scenarios compatible with the Paris agreement's temperature goal of 1.5 °C involve carbon dioxide removal measures - measures that actively remove CO2 from the atmosphere - on a massive scale. Such large-scale implementations raise significant ethical problems. Van Vuuren et al. (2018), as well as the current IPCC scenarios, show that reduction in energy and or food demand could reduce the need for such activities. There is some reluctance to discuss such societal changes. However, we argue that policy measures enabling societal changes are not necessarily ethically problematic. Therefore, they should be discussed alongside techno-optimistic approaches in any kind of discussions about how to respond to climate change. Technical summary The 1.5 °C goal has given impetus to carbon dioxide removal (CDR) measures, such as bioenergy combined with carbon capture and storage, or afforestation. However, land-based CDR options compete with food production and biodiversity protection. Van Vuuren et al. (2018) looked at alternative pathways including lifestyle changes, low-population projections, or non-CO2 greenhouse gas mitigation, to reach the 1.5 °C temperature objective. Underlined by the recently published IPCC AR6 WGIII report, they show that demand-side management measures are likely to reduce the need for CDR. Yet, policy measures entailed in these scenarios could be associated with ethical problems themselves. In this paper, we therefore investigate ethical implications of four alternative pathways as proposed by Van Vuuren et al. (2018). We find that emission reduction options such as lifestyle changes and reducing population, which are typically perceived as ethically problematic, might be less so on further inspection. In contrast, options associated with less societal transformation and more techno-optimistic approaches turn out to be in need of further scrutiny. The vast majority of emission reduction options considered are not intrinsically ethically problematic; rather everything rests on the precise implementation. Explicitly addressing ethical considerations when developing, advancing, and using integrated assessment scenarios could reignite debates about previously overlooked topics and thereby support necessary societal discourse. Social media summary Policy measures enabling societal changes are not necessarily as ethically problematic as commonly presumed and reduce the need for large-scale CDR
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  • 2
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    Unveiling the wasp-waist structure of the Falkland shelf ecosystem: the role of Doryteuthis gahi as a keystone species and its trophic influences (2024)
    Cambridge University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-08
    Description: The Falkland Shelf is a highly productive ecosystem in the Southwest Atlantic Ocean. It is characterized by upwelling oceanographic dynamics and displays a wasp-waist structure, with few intermediate trophic-level species and many top predators that migrate on the shelf for feeding. One of these resident intermediate trophic-level species, the Patagonian longfin-squid Doryteuthis gahi, is abundant and plays an important role in the ecosystem. We used two methods to estimate the trophic structure of the Falkland Shelf food web, focusing on the trophic niche of D. gahi and its impacts on other species and functional groups to highlight the importance of D. gahi in the ecosystem. First, stable isotope measurements served to calculate trophic levels based on an established nitrogen baseline. Second, an Ecopath model was built to corroborate trophic levels derived from stable isotopes and inform about trophic interactions of D. gahi with other functional groups. The results of both methods placed D. gahi in the centre of the ecosystem with a trophic level of ∼ 3. The Ecopath model predicted high impacts and therefore a high keystoneness for both seasonal cohorts of D. gahi. Our results show that the Falkland Shelf is not only controlled by species feeding at the top and the bottom of the trophic chain. The importance of species feeding at the third trophic level (e.g. D. gahi and Patagonotothen ramsayi) and observed architecture of energy flows confirm the ecosystem's wasp-waist structure with middle-out control mechanisms at play.
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  • 3
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    Range of 21st century ice mass changes in the Filchner-Ronne region of Antarctica (2023)
    Cambridge University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-06-15
    Description: Increases in ocean temperatures in the Filchner Ronne region of Antarctica are likely to result in increased ice mass loss and sea level rise. We constrain projections of the 21st century sea level contribution of this region using process-based ice-sheet modeling, with model parameters controlling ice dynamics calibrated using observed surface speeds and Markov-chain Monte Carlo sampling. We use climate forcing from Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) scenarios as well as a set of hypothetical scenarios of deep ocean warming to evaluate the sensitivity of this region to ocean temperatures. Projected changes in regional ice mass correspond to a decrease in global mean sea level of 24±7 mm over 2015–2100 under RCP 2.6 and 28±9 mm under RCP 8.5. Increased regional inland surface accumulation related to higher warming levels in RCP 8.5 leads to more ice above flotation, offsetting increased ice shelf basal melt. The tests involving step changes in ocean temperatures with constant surface forcing show that one degree of ocean warming from present results in an additional +11 mm contribution to sea level by 2100 and 1% of the ice-covered area in the domain becomes ungrounded (23 200 km2). The rate of mass loss with temperature increases at higher temperatures.
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  • 4
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    A response to cummunity questions on the Marine20 Radiocarbon age calibration curve: marine reservoir ages and the calibration of 14C samples from the oceans (2023)
    Cambridge University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-08
    Description: Radiocarbon (14C) concentrations in the oceans are different from those in the atmosphere. Understanding these ocean-atmospheric 14C differences is important both to estimate the calendar ages of samples which obtained their 14C in the marine environment, and to investigate the carbon cycle. The Marine20 radiocarbon age calibration curve is created to address these dual aims by providing a global-scale surface ocean record of radiocarbon from 55,000–0 cal yr BP that accounts for the smoothed response of the ocean to variations in atmospheric 14C production rates and factors out the effect of known changes in global-scale palaeoclimatic variables. The curve also serves as a baseline to study regional oceanic 14C variation. Marine20 offers substantial improvements over the previous Marine13 curve. In response to community questions, we provide a short intuitive guide, intended for the lay-reader, on the construction and use of the Marine20 calibration curve. We describe the choices behind the making of Marine20, as well as the similarities and differences compared with the earlier Marine calibration curves. We also describe how to use the Marine20 curve for calibration and how to estimate ΔR—the localized variation in the oceanic 14C levels due to regional factors which are not incorporated in the global-scale Marine20 curve. To aid understanding, illustrative worked examples are provided.
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  • 5
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    Marine radiocarbon calibration in polar regions: a simple approximate approach using Marine20 (2023)
    Cambridge University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-08
    Description: The Marine20 radiocarbon (14C) age calibration curve, and all earlier marine 14C calibration curves from the IntCal group, must be used extremely cautiously for the calibration of marine 14C samples from polar regions (outside ∼ 40ºS–40ºN) during glacial periods. Calibrating polar 14C marine samples from glacial periods against any Marine calibration curve (Marine20 or any earlier product) using an estimate of , the regional 14C depletion adjustment, that has been obtained from samples in the recent (non-glacial) past is likely to lead to bias and overconfidence in the calibrated age. We propose an approach to calibration that aims to address this by accounting for the possibility of additional, localized, glacial 14C depletion in polar oceans. We suggest, for a specific polar location, bounds on the value of during a glacial period. The lower bound may be based on 14C samples from the recent non-glacial (Holocene) past and corresponds to a low-depletion glacial scenario. The upper bound, , representing a high-depletion scenario is found by increasing according to the latitude of the 14C sample to be calibrated. The suggested increases to obtain are based upon simulations of the Hamburg Large Scale Geostrophic Ocean General Circulation Model (LSG OGCM). Calibrating against the Marine20 curve using the upper and lower bounds provide estimates of calibrated ages for glacial 14C samples in high- and low-depletion scenarios which should bracket the true calendar age of the sample. In some circumstances, users may be able to determine which depletion scenario is more appropriate using independent paleoclimatic or proxy evidence.
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  • 6
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    The impact of spatially varying ice sheet basal conditions on sliding at glacial time scales (2023)
    Cambridge University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-24
    Description: Spatially variable basal conditions are thought to govern how ice sheets behave at glacial time scales (〉1000 years) and responsible for changes in dynamics between the core and peripheral regions of the Laurentide and Fennoscandian ice sheets. Basal motion is accomplished via the deformation of unconsolidated sediments, or via sliding of the ice over an undeformable bed. We present an ice sheet sliding module for the Parallel Ice Sheet Model (PISM) that takes into account changes in sediment cover and incorporates surface meltwater. This model routes meltwater, produced at the surface and base of the ice sheet, toward the margin of the ice sheet. Basal sliding is accomplished through the deformation of water saturated sediments, or sliding at the ice-bed interface. In areas with continuous, water saturated sediments, sliding is almost always accomplished through sediment deformation. In areas with incomplete cover, sliding has a stronger dependence on the supply of water. We find that the addition of surface meltwater to the base is a more important factor for ice sheet evolution than the style of sliding. In a glacial cycle simulation, our model causes a more rapid buildup of the Laurentide Ice Sheet.
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  • 7
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    IPPC 2022: Climate Change 2022 : impacts, adaptation and vulnerability : working group II contribution to the sith assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change (2022)
    Cambridge University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-06-29
    Type: Report , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 8
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    Cross-sectoral Perspectives (2022)
    Cambridge University Press
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    Publication Date: 2023-06-29
    Type: Book chapter , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 9
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    Biotic and abiotic drivers affect parasite richness, prevalence and abundance in Mytilus galloprovincialis along the Northern Adriatic Sea (2022)
    Cambridge University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-07
    Description: Although it is generally known that a combination of abiotic and biotic drivers shapes the distribution and abundance of parasites, our understanding of the interplay of these factors remains to be assessed for most marine host species. The present field survey investigated spatial patterns of richness, prevalence and abundance of parasites in Mytilus galloprovincialis along the coast of the northern Adriatic Sea. Herein, the relationships between biotic (host size, density and local parasite richness of mussel population) and abiotic (eutrophication and salinity) drivers and parasite richness of mussel individuals, prevalence and abundance were analysed. Local parasite richness was the most relevant factor driving parasite species richness in mussel individuals. Prevalence was mainly driven by eutrophication levels in 3 out of 4 parasite species analysed. Similarly, abundance was driven mainly by eutrophication in two parasite species. Mussel size, density and salinity had only minor contributions to the best fitting models. This study highlights that the influence of abiotic and biotic drivers on parasite infections in mussels can be differentially conveyed, depending on the infection measure applied, i.e., parasite richness, prevalence or abundance. Furthermore, it stresses the importance of eutrophication as a major factor influencing parasite prevalence and abundance in mussels in the Adriatic Sea
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  • 10
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    IPCC, 2021: Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (2021)
    Cambridge University Press
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    Publication Date: 2023-06-29
    Type: Report , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 11
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    Effects of first intermediate host density, host size and salinity on trematode infections in mussels of the south-western Baltic Sea (2021)
    Cambridge University Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-02-07
    Description: Trematode prevalence and abundance in hosts are known to be affected by biotic drivers as well as by abiotic drivers. In this study, we used the unique salinity gradient found in the south-western Baltic Sea to: (i) investigate patterns of trematode infections in the first intermediate host, the periwinkle Littorina littorea and in the downstream host, the mussel Mytilus edulis, along a regional salinity gradient (from 13 to 22) and (ii) evaluate the effects of first intermediate host (periwinkle) density, host size and salinity on trematode infections in mussels. Two species dominated the trematode community, Renicola roscovita and Himasthla elongata. Salinity, mussel size and density of infected periwinkles were significantly correlated with R. roscovita, and salinity and density correlated with H. elongata abundance. These results suggest that salinity, first intermediate host density and host size play an important role in determining infection levels in mussels, with salinity being the main major driver. Under expected global change scenarios, the predicted freshening of the Baltic Sea might lead to reduced trematode transmission, which may be further enhanced by a potential decrease in periwinkle density and mussel size.
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  • 12
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    Ecological turnover in neotropical freshwater and terrestrial communities during episodes of abrupt climate change (2021)
    Cambridge University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-07
    Description: The last 85,000 years were characterized by high climate and environmental variability on the Yucatán Peninsula. Heinrich stadials are examples of abrupt climate transitions that involved shifts in regional temperatures and moisture availability. Thus, they serve as natural experiments to evaluate the contrasting responses of aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. We used ostracodes and pollen preserved in a 75.9-m-long sediment core (PI-6, ~85 ka) recovered from Lake Petén Itzá, Guatemala, to assess the magnitude and velocity of community responses. Ostracodes are sensitive to changes in water temperature and conductivity. Vegetation responds to shifts in temperature and the ratio of evaporation to precipitation. Ostracodes display larger and more rapid community changes than does vegetation. Heinrich Stadial 5-1 (HS5-1) was cold and dry and is associated with lower ostracode and vegetation species richness and diversity. In contrast, the slightly warmer and dry conditions during HS6 and HS5a are reflected in higher ostracode species richness and diversity. Our paleoecological study revealed the greatest ecological turnover for ostracodes occurred from 62.5 to 51.0 ka; for pollen, it was at the Pleistocene/Holocene transition. Future studies should use various climate and environmental indicators from lake and marine sediment records to further explore late glacial paleoclimate causes and effects in the northern neotropics.
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  • 13
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    THE INTCAL20 NORTHERN HEMISPHERE RADIOCARBON AGE CALIBRATION CURVE (0–55 CAL kBP) (2020)
    Department of Geosciences, University of Arizona | Cambridge University Press
    In:  Radiocarbon, 62 (4). pp. 725-757.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-01-08
    Description: Radiocarbon (14C) ages cannot provide absolutely dated chronologies for archaeological or paleoenvironmental studies directly but must be converted to calendar age equivalents using a calibration curve compensating for fluctuations in atmospheric 14C concentration. Although calibration curves are constructed from independently dated archives, they invariably require revision as new data become available and our understanding of the Earth system improves. In this volume the international 14C calibration curves for both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres, as well as for the ocean surface layer, have been updated to include a wealth of new data and extended to 55,000 cal BP. Based on tree rings, IntCal20 now extends as a fully atmospheric record to ca. 13,900 cal BP. For the older part of the timescale, IntCal20 comprises statistically integrated evidence from floating tree-ring chronologies, lacustrine and marine sediments, speleothems, and corals. We utilized improved evaluation of the timescales and location variable 14C offsets from the atmosphere (reservoir age, dead carbon fraction) for each dataset. New statistical methods have refined the structure of the calibration curves while maintaining a robust treatment of uncertainties in the 14C ages, the calendar ages and other corrections. The inclusion of modeled marine reservoir ages derived from a three-dimensional ocean circulation model has allowed us to apply more appropriate reservoir corrections to the marine 14C data rather than the previous use of constant regional offsets from the atmosphere. Here we provide an overview of the new and revised datasets and the associated methods used for the construction of the IntCal20 curve and explore potential regional offsets for tree-ring data. We discuss the main differences with respect to the previous calibration curve, IntCal13, and some of the implications for archaeology and geosciences ranging from the recent past to the time of the extinction of the Neanderthals.
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  • 14
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    Marine20—The Marine Radiocarbon Age Calibration Curve (0–55,000 cal BP) (2020)
    Department of Geosciences, University of Arizona | Cambridge University Press
    In:  Radiocarbon, 62 (4). pp. 779-820.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-01-08
    Description: The concentration of radiocarbon (14C) differs between ocean and atmosphere. Radiocarbon determinations from samples which obtained their 14C in the marine environment therefore need a marine-specific calibration curve and cannot be calibrated directly against the atmospheric-based IntCal20 curve. This paper presents Marine20, an update to the internationally agreed marine radiocarbon age calibration curve that provides a non-polar global-average marine record of radiocarbon from 0–55 cal kBP and serves as a baseline for regional oceanic variation. Marine20 is intended for calibration of marine radiocarbon samples from non-polar regions; it is not suitable for calibration in polar regions where variability in sea ice extent, ocean upwelling and air-sea gas exchange may have caused larger changes to concentrations of marine radiocarbon. The Marine20 curve is based upon 500 simulations with an ocean/atmosphere/biosphere box-model of the global carbon cycle that has been forced by posterior realizations of our Northern Hemispheric atmospheric IntCal20 14C curve and reconstructed changes in CO2 obtained from ice core data. These forcings enable us to incorporate carbon cycle dynamics and temporal changes in the atmospheric 14C level. The box-model simulations of the global-average marine radiocarbon reservoir age are similar to those of a more complex three-dimensional ocean general circulation model. However, simplicity and speed of the box model allow us to use a Monte Carlo approach to rigorously propagate the uncertainty in both the historic concentration of atmospheric 14C and other key parameters of the carbon cycle through to our final Marine20 calibration curve. This robust propagation of uncertainty is fundamental to providing reliable precision for the radiocarbon age calibration of marine based samples. We make a first step towards deconvolving the contributions of different processes to the total uncertainty; discuss the main differences of Marine20 from the previous age calibration curve Marine13; and identify the limitations of our approach together with key areas for further work. The updated values for ΔR, the regional marine radiocarbon reservoir age corrections required to calibrate against Marine20, can be found at the data base http://calib.org/marine/.
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  • 15
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    Social Sustainability, Past and Future. Undoing Unintended Consequences for the Earth's Survival (2020)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  New Directions in Sustainability and Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-07-18
    Description: In this Open Access book, Sander van der Leeuw examines how the modern world has been caught in a socioeconomic dynamic that has generated the conundrum of sustainability. Combining the methods of social science and complex systems science, he explores how western, developed nations have globalized their world view and how that view has led to the sustainability challenges we are now facing. Its central theme is the coevolution of cognition, demography, social organization, technology, and environmental impact. Beginning with the earliest human societies, van der Leeuw links the distant past with the present in order to demonstrate how the information and communications technology revolution is undermining many of the institutional pillars on which contemporary societies have been constructed. An original view of social evolution as the history of human information-processing, his book shows how the past offers insight into the present and can help us deal with the future.
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/book
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  • 16
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    Finding the VOICE: organic carbon isotope chemostratigraphy of Late Jurassic – Early Cretaceous Arctic Canada (2019)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Geological Magazine, 157 (Spec.Iss. 10). pp. 1643-1657.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-01-08
    Description: A new carbon isotope record for two high-latitude sedimentary successions that span the Jurassic–Cretaceous boundary interval in the Sverdrup Basin of Arctic Canada is presented. This study, combined with other published Arctic data, shows a large negative isotopic excursion of organic carbon (δ13Corg) of 4‰ (V-PDB) and to a minimum of −30.7‰ in the probable middle Volgian Stage. This is followed by a return to less negative values of c. −27‰. A smaller positive excursion in the Valanginian Stage of c. 2‰, reaching maximum values of −24.6‰, is related to the Weissert Event. The Volgian isotopic trends are consistent with other high-latitude records but do not appear in δ13Ccarb records of Tethyan Tithonian strata. In the absence of any obvious definitive cause for the depleted δ13Corg anomaly, we suggest several possible contributing factors. The Sverdrup Basin and other Arctic areas may have experienced compositional evolution away from open-marine δ13C values during the Volgian Age due to low global or large-scale regional sea levels, and later become effectively coupled to global oceans by Valanginian time when sea level rose. A geologically sudden increase in volcanism may have caused the large negative δ13Corg values seen in the Arctic Volgian records but the lack of precise geochronological age control for the Jurassic–Cretaceous boundary precludes direct comparison with potentially coincident events, such as the Shatsky Rise. This study offers improved correlation constraints and a refined C-isotope curve for the Boreal region throughout latest Jurassic and earliest Cretaceous time.
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  • 17
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    Comparison of Raman and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy for the Quantification of Microplastics in the Aquatic Environment (2018)
    American Chemical Society (ACS)
    In:  Environmental Science & Technology, 52 (22). pp. 13279-13288.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-01-02
    Description: Microplastics (MPs, 〈5 mm) have been reported as emerging environmental contaminants, but reliable data are still lacking. We compared the two most promising techniques for MP analysis, namely, Raman and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, by analyzing MPs extracted from North Sea surface waters. Microplastics 〉500 μm were visually sorted and manually analyzed by μ-Raman and attenuated total reflection (ATR)-FTIR spectroscopy. Microplastics ≤500 μm were concentrated on gold-coated filters and analyzed by automated single-particle exploration coupled to μ-Raman (ASPEx-μ-Raman) and FTIR imaging (reflection mode). The number of identified MPs 〉500 μm was slightly higher for μ-Raman (+23%) than ATR-FTIR analysis. Concerning MPs ≤500 μm, ASPEx-μ-Raman quantified two-times higher MP numbers but required a four-times higher analysis time compared to FTIR imaging. Because ASPEx-μ-Raman revealed far higher MP concentrations (38–2621 particles m–3) compared to the results of previous water studies (0–559 particles m–3), the environmental concentration of MPs ≤500 μm may have been underestimated until now. This may be attributed to the exceptional increase in concentration with decreasing MP size found in this work. Our results demonstrate the need for further research to enable time-efficient routine application of ASPEx-μ-Raman for reliable MP counting down to 1 μm.
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  • 18
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    Grand Canonical Monte Carlo Simulations on Phase Equilibria of Methane, Carbon Dioxide, and Their Mixture Hydrates (2018)
    American Chemical Society (ACS)
    In:  The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 122 (42). pp. 9724-9737.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-01-08
    Description: The cage occupancy plays a crucial role in the thermodynamic stability of clathrate hydrates and is an important quantity for understanding the CO2–CH4 replacement phenomenon. In this work, the occupancy isotherms of pure CH4, pure CO2, and their mixture in sI and sII hydrates are studied by GCMC + MD simulations. The adsorption of CH4 and CO2 + CH4 in the sI and sII hydrates can be categorized as the one-site Langmuir type. The calculated occupancy ratio θL/θS and the abundance ratio of CO2 to CH4 vary with the temperature and pressure, which provide the prerequisite information for the prediction of CH4 recovery yield at different conditions in the CO2–CH4 gas exchange process. The phase equilibria of clathrate hydrates of pure gases and mixtures are explored and the corresponding heat of dissociation and hydration numbers are determined. The current investigation provides new perspectives to understand the mechanism behind the gas adsorption behavior of clathrate hydrates.
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  • 19
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    Stärkere Belege für ein schwächeres Golfstromsystem (2018)
    Spektrum der Wissenschaft
    In:  Climate Science Weblog KlimaLounge
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    Publication Date: 2022-03-21
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/other
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  • 20
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    Hitze ohne Ende (2018)
    Spektrum der Wissenschaft
    In:  Climate Science Weblog KlimaLounge
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    Publication Date: 2022-03-21
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/other
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  • 21
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    Tauwetter am Nordpol, Eiszeit bei uns – was ist da los? (2018)
    Spektrum der Wissenschaft
    In:  Climate Science Weblog KlimaLounge
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    Publication Date: 2022-03-21
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/other
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  • 22
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    Verwirrspiel um die absolute globale Mitteltemperatur (2018)
    Spektrum der Wissenschaft
    In:  Climate Science Weblog KlimaLounge
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    Publication Date: 2022-03-21
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/other
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  • 23
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    Wie erkennt man echte Klimaexperten? (2018)
    Spektrum der Wissenschaft
    In:  Wie erkennt man echte Klimaexperten? | Climate Science Weblog KlimaLounge
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    Publication Date: 2022-03-21
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  • 24
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    Constraining the timing of deglaciation of the High Alps and rates of subglacial erosion with cosmogenic nuclides (2017)
    Geozon Science Media
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    Publication Date: 2021-05-06
    Description: THESIS ABSTRACT
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551.7
    Language: English
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  • 25
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    Spatially and temporally variable catchment-wide denudation rates – clues from the Alps (2017)
    Geozon Science Media
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    Publication Date: 2021-05-06
    Description: THESIS ABSTRACT
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551.7
    Language: English
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    Use of Waste-Derived Biochar to Remove Copper from Aqueous Solution in a Continuous-Flow System (2017)
    American Chemical Society (ACS)
    In:  Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 56 (44). pp. 12755-12762.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-06
    Description: The discharges from industrial processes constitute the main source of copper contamination in aqueous ecosystems. In this study we investigated the capacity of different types of biochar (derived from chicken manure, eucalyptus, corncob, olive mill and pine sawdust) to remove copper from aqueous solution in a continuous-flow system. The flow rate of the system strongly influenced the amount of copper retained. The adsorption to the corncob biochar varied from 5.51 to 3.48 mg Cu g-1 as the flux decreased from 13 to 2.5 mL min-1. The physicochemical characteristics of biochar determine the copper retention capacity and the underlying immobilization mechanisms. Biochars with high inorganic contents retain the largest amounts of copper and may be suitable for using in water treatment systems to remove heavy metals. The copper retention capacity of the biochars ranged between ~1.3 and 26 mg g-1 and varied in the following order: chicken manure 〉 olive mill 〉〉 corncob 〉 eucalyptus 〉 sawdust pine.
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    Methane Bubble Size Distributions, Flux, and Dissolution in a Freshwater Lake (2017)
    American Chemical Society (ACS)
    In:  Environmental Science & Technolog, 51 (23). pp. 13733-13739.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-06
    Description: The majority of methane produced in many anoxic sediments is released via ebullition. These bubbles are subject to dissolution as they rise, and dissolution rates are strongly influenced by bubble size. Current understanding of natural methane bubble size distributions is limited by the difficulty in measuring bubble sizes over wide spatial or temporal scales. Our custom optical bubble size sensors recorded bubble sizes and release timing at 8 locations in Upper Mystic Lake, MA continuously for 3 months. Bubble size distributions were spatially heterogeneous even over relatively small areas experiencing similar flux, suggesting that localized sediment conditions are important to controlling bubble size. There was no change in bubble size distributions over the 3 month sampling period, but mean bubble size was positively correlated with daily ebullition flux. Bubble data was used to verify the performance of a widely used bubble dissolution model, and the model was then used to estimate that bubble dissolution accounts for approximately 10% of methane accumulated in the hypolimnion during summer stratification, and at most 15% of the diffusive air–water–methane flux from the epilimnion.
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    Meltwater as a source of potentially bioavailable iron to Antarctica waters (2017)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Antarctic Science, 29 (3). pp. 277-291.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-25
    Description: Recent rapid retreat of glacial front lines and the loss of land ice along the Antarctic margins may play an important role in exporting suspended particulate matter (SPM) potentially rich in bioavailable (defined as ascorbate leachable) iron (FeA) to coastal areas of the Southern Ocean. Sediment ablation is an additional source of iron for this high-nutrient low-chlorophyll region. In Potter Cove, King George Island, meltwater streams discharge up to 18 000 mg l-1 (average 283 mg l-1) of slightly weathered, finely ground bedrock particles into coastal waters during the summer. Approximately 15% of this SPM is exported within a low-salinity surface plume into Bransfield Strait. Based on our data, an estimated 12 mg m-2 yr-1 of FeA is exported from the South Shetland Island land surface (ice-free and subglacial areas) to the surrounding coastal waters. Extrapolated to an area of 2.5x104 km2, this FeA input is comparable to the contribution from icebergs and c. 240-fold higher than aeolian input via dust. An observed rise in local sediment accumulation rates suggests that glacial erosion has been increasing over recent decades and that (sub-)glacially derived SPM is becoming more important as a source of iron to the Southern Ocean.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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    Uralte Exxon-Propaganda neu aufgelegt im deutschen Wahlkampf (2017)
    Spektrum der Wissenschaft
    In:  Uralte Exxon-Propaganda neu aufgelegt im deutschen Wahlkampf | Climate Science Weblog KlimaLounge
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-03-21
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/other
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    Von Inseln, Stürmen, steigendem Meeresspiegel und Klimaleugnern (2017)
    Spektrum der Wissenschaft
    In:  Von Inseln, Stürmen, steigendem Meeresspiegel und Klimaleugnern | Climate Science Weblog KlimaLounge
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-03-21
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/other
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    Rekordjahr 2016: die wichtigsten Daten und Grafiken, die jeder kennen sollte (2017)
    Spektrum der Wissenschaft
    In:  Rekordjahr 2016: die wichtigsten Daten und Grafiken, die jeder kennen sollte | Climate Science Weblog KlimaLounge
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-03-21
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  • 32
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    Die Koalitionsgespräche und das deutsche Emissionsbudget (2017)
    Spektrum der Wissenschaft
    In:  Die Koalitionsgespräche und das deutsche Emissionsbudget | Climate Science Weblog KlimaLounge
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-03-21
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/other
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  • 33
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    Wo Kachelmann irrt (2017)
    Spektrum der Wissenschaft
    In:  Wo Kachelmann irrt | Climate Science Weblog KlimaLounge
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-03-21
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  • 34
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    Können wir die globale Erwärmung rechtzeitig stoppen? (2017)
    Spektrum der Wissenschaft
    In:  Können wir die globale Erwärmung rechtzeitig stoppen? | Climate Science Weblog KlimaLounge
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-03-21
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  • 35
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    Das Klima hat sich schon immer geändert. Was folgern Sie? (2017)
    Spektrum der Wissenschaft
    In:  Das Klima hat sich schon immer geändert. Was folgern Sie? | Climate Science Weblog KlimaLounge
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-03-21
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  • 36
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    Der globale CO2-Anstieg: die Fakten und die Bauernfängertricks (2017)
    Spektrum der Wissenschaft
    In:  Der globale CO2-Anstieg: die Fakten und die Bauernfängertricks | Climate Science Weblog KlimaLounge
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-03-21
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/other
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  • 37
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    Die unterschätzte Gefahr eines Versiegens des Golfstromsystems (2017)
    Spektrum der Wissenschaft
    In:  Die unterschätzte Gefahr eines Versiegens des Golfstromsystems | Climate Science Weblog KlimaLounge
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-03-21
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  • 38
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    Complex Network Techniques for Climatological Data Analysis (2017)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Nonlinear and Stochastic Climate Dynamics
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    Publication Date: 2022-03-21
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/bookPart
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  • 39
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    Bewertung der Grundwassergeschütztheit anhand der Verweilzeit in der Grundwasserüberdeckung (2016)
    Geozon Science Media
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Die Verweilzeitberechnung ist eine sehr anschauliche Methode zur Bewertung der Geschütztheit einer Wasserfassung oder eines Grundwasserleiters. Sie berücksichtigt alle relevanten Einflussfaktoren und ist aus Sicht der Autoren anderen Verfahren zur Geschütztheitsbewertung vorzuziehen. Es wird eine Methode vorgestellt, mit der die Geschütztheit der Wasserfassungen im Raum Pasewalk bewertet wurde und die auch landesweit anwendbar ist. Die methodischen Grundlagen von Verweilzeitberechnungen werden untersucht und spezifiziert und es erfolgt eine Diskussion der Interpolationsmöglichkeiten.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551 ; 554.3 ; Sickerwasser ; Verweilzeit ; Sickerstrecke ; Grundwasserflurabstand ; DIN 19732 ; Grundwasserneubildung ; Grundwasserüberdeckung ; Grundwassergeschütztheit ; Verweilzeitberechnung
    Language: German
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  • 40
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    Geologische Landesaufnahme in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern seit 1990 (2016)
    Geozon Science Media
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    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Der Geologische Dienst M-V sammelt und dokumentiert im Rahmen der Landesaufnahme Daten zur Geologie der Oberfläche und des Tieferen Untergrundes, zur Hydrogeologie, zur Bodenkunde sowie zur Rohstoffgeologie und wertet diese Daten unter vielfältigen Aspekten der Daseinsvorsorge aus. Als Ergebnis entstanden seit 1990 mehrere moderne Informationssysteme, Kartenwerke und andere Produkte. Neben der Publikation von analogen Karten erfolgt in den letzten Jahren verstärkt eine digitale Informationsbereitstellung in Form von digitalen Produkten; verstärkt werden auch Informationen über das Kartenportal Umwelt in der Internetpräsentation des Landesamtes veröffentlicht (www.umweltkarten.mv-regierung.de).
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551 ; 554.3 ; Geologie ; Mecklenburg-Vorpommern ; Landesaufnahme ; Geologische Karte ; Kartenportal Umwelt ; Bohrdatenspeicher
    Language: German
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  • 41
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    Multiproxy-Untersuchungen zur Paläoökologie und -hydrologie eines spätglazial- bis frühholozänen Flachsees im nordostdeutschen Küstengebiet (Glowe-Paläosee/Insel Rügen) (2016)
    Geozon Science Media
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-06
    Description: The paper presents results of multiproxy-investigations of a 3 m long sediment section from the Glowe Palaeolake, covering the period Pre-Bølling to the middle of the Preboreal. The Lateglacial and early Holocene landscape development comprising climate fluctuations, lake evolution, lake-level variations and vegetation history is reconstructed using pollen, diatom, macrofossil, molluscs as well as sedimentological and geochemical data based on 14C-dating. The palaeolake appeared due to the decay of the permafrost during the Bølling and developed in the Allerød into a 3–4 m deep, species-poor and macrophyte-rich stillwater. The submerse vegetation and fauna decreased during the Younger Dryas, but returned fast and with higher density in the Preboreal. Phases of cooler climate can be parallelized with the Gerzensee oscillation, the Younger Dryas and the Rammelbeek oscillation, which each are palynologically bipartite. In contrast, indications for the Older Dryas were only scarce. The cooler phases were characterized by intensified allochthonous clastic input into the lake. During the Younger Dryas the input was dominated by solifluction processes, while during the Allerød and the Preboreal predominantly fluvial processes occurred. The most significant changes in the palaeoecology of the lake were caused by the rapid warming at the onset of the Preboreal. During the phases of warmer climate the vegetation development was influenced by the vicinity to the Baltic Ice Lake, which caused – compared to more southerly regions – a delayed spread of Pinus. Also, the long term climate changes determined the alterations in the chemical sediment composition, the diatom flora and the macrophyte vegetation. Short term variations, which caused the closely spaced sediment layering mainly in the older part of the sediment section cannot be explained so far. The course of the outcropping stratigraphic units was used to construct a lake-level curve. It shows a rapid rise in the early Allerød and a subsequent slower rise until the highstand in the Younger Dryas. In the early Preboreal, a fast lake-level fall occurred, the palaeolake silted up and dried out in the middle of the Preboreal.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551.7 ; geochemistry ; radiocarbon dating ; vegetation history ; late glacial ; pollen ; molluscs ; early holocene ; diatoms ; macrofossils ; lake sediments ; northern Central Europe ; palaeolake ; climate fluctuation ; lake-level variation
    Language: German
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    Editorial Vol. 65, No.1 (2016)
    Geozon Science Media
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    Publication Date: 2021-05-06
    Description: editorial
    Keywords: 551.7
    Language: English
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  • 43
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    Sanierung der Altlast am ehemaligen Gaswerk Neubrandenburg (2016)
    Geozon Science Media
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Das ehemalige Gaswerk liegt innerhalb der Stadt Neubrandenburg „Am Güterbahnhof“, umgeben von Altbausubstanz mit gewerblicher Nutzung und Wohnbebauung. Die Produktion von Stadtgas aus Steinkohle begann hier 1867. Eine Erweiterung erfolgte im Ersten Weltkrieg durch die Inbetriebnahme einer Wassergasanlage zur Streckung des Steinkohlengases, einer Benzolgewinnungsanlage und einer Sulfatfabrik. Im Zweiten Weltkrieg kam es zur Zerstörung der drei Gasbehälter und von Teilen der Bebauung. Nach 1945 wurde das Gaswerk mit einem Gasbehälter wieder aufgebaut. In den letzten Nutzungsjahren traten zahlreiche Havarien durch übergelaufene Teer- und Ammoniakgruben sowie durch verstopfte Leitungen auf. 1971 erfolgten die Stilllegung des Gaswerkes und ein teilweiser Rückbau der oberirdischen Anlagen.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551 ; 554.3 ; Neubrandenburg ; Grundwasser ; Gaswerk ; Sanierung ; Altlast ; Kontamination ; Historie
    Language: German
    Type: article , Verlagsversion
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    Die Findlinge im Revier Waldsee, Mecklenburg (2016)
    Geozon Science Media
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Im Revier Waldsee, zwischen Neustrelitz und Feldberg in der Mecklenburgischen Seenplatte, sind überwiegend Bildungen des Sanders vor der Pommerschen Haupteisrandlage verbreitet. In den Sanderflächen treten vereinzelt sehr große Findlinge auf. Die zwei größten aufgefundenen Findlinge werden petrographisch beschrieben und als schützenswerte Geotope empfohlen.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551 ; 554.3 ; Geologie ; Mecklenburg-Vorpommern ; Findlinge ; Feldberger Seenlandschaft
    Language: German
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  • 45
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    Der Findling an der Eugen-Geinitz-Sicht in Usadel (2016)
    Geozon Science Media
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    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Bei dem für die Eugen-Geinitz-Sicht in Usadel ausgewählten Findling (Fundort: vermutlich Kiesgrube Siedenbüssow) handelt es sich um ein seltenes monomiktes Konglomerat, dessen Herkunft – und damit auch sein Bildungsalter – bisher nicht genau bestimmt werden kann. In einer sandigen bis feinkiesigen, rötlich-violetten Matrix befinden sich zahlreiche helle, mäßig gerundete Gesteinsbruchstücke bis 12 cm Größe aus kristallinem Quarz (Gangquarz). Konglomerate mit einer ähnlichen Zusammensetzung sind als lokale Einschaltungen in mesoproterozoischen Sandsteinen und Grauwacken an der Hohen Küste in Nordschweden bekannt und möglicherweise als isolierte Vorkommen im gesamten Verbreitungsgebiet jotnischer Rotsedimente zu finden. Aufgrund der Zusammensetzung und des relativ geringen Verfestigungsgrades kann aber auch eine Zuordnung zur klastischen Abfolge der jüngstproterozoisch-unterkambrischen Nexö-Formation Bornholms nicht völlig ausgeschlossen werden, deren basale Schichten ebenfalls unter terrestrischen, oxidativen Bedingungen abgelagert wurden.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551 ; 554.3 ; Mecklenburg-Vorpommern ; geschiebe ; monomiktes Konglomerat ; Nexö-Formation ; Eugen-Geinitz-Sicht ; Jotnischer Sandstein
    Language: German
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    Reconsidering the current stratigraphy of the Alpine Lateglacial (2016)
    Geozon Science Media
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    Publication Date: 2021-05-06
    Description: The sedimentary and morphological evidence for Lateglacial glacier fluctuations in the Lienz area provides a strong case against the currently used pentapartite stratigraphic subdivision of the Alpine Lateglacial (ALG; c. 19–11.7 ka) i.e. the timespan between the Würmian Pleniglacial (= Alpine Last Glacial Maximum; AlpLGM) and the beginning of the Holocene. The results of comprehensive geological mapping (including the detection of mass movements) supported by geochronological data and pollen analysis revealed that the ALG- record of the Schobergruppe mountains and the Lienz Dolomites can be subdivided into four unconformity-bounded (allostratgraphic) units which are linked to three climatostratigraphically-defined phases of glacier activity. Delta deposits and till of local glaciers document the phase of ice-decay after the AlpLGM. Between this period and the Bølling/Allerød (B/A) interstadial only one glacier stabilisation with massive end moraines, correlated with the Gschnitz stadial, is evident. Multiple end moraines prove the presence of very active glacier tongues during the Younger Dryas aged Egesen stadial. The 10Be exposure dating of an end moraine, previously attributed to the Daun stadial (pre-B/A interstadial) based on ΔELA values, provided an age of 12.8 ± 0.6 ka indicating it is of Younger Dryas age. This case highlights the pitfalls of the commonly used ΔELA-based stratigraphic ALG subdivision and the subsequent derivation of palaeoclimatic implications. ΔELAs are still considered as a useful tool for correlation on the local scale e.g. in one mountain group with a quite comparable topography and lithology and taking into account the limitations, especially the impact of debris cover. However, our results show that a stratigraphic correlation across the whole Alpine chain via ΔELAs is not a successful approach potentially leading to bias and, eventually, to circular arguments.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551.7 ; palynology ; alps ; late pleistocene ; lateglacial ; younger dryas ; geological mapping ; allostratigraphy ; climatostratigraphy ; exposure dating ; deformable bed
    Language: English
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  • 47
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    Faunistisch bemerkenswerte und für Mecklenburg-Vorpommern neue Arten der Kurzflügelkäfer (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) – Teil 5 (2016)
    Geozon Science Media
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    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Nachweise von 106 Arten der Kurzflügelkäfer in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern (MV) zwischen 1989 und 2016 werden dokumentiert und diskutiert. Anhand aktueller Nachweise mit dem Autokescher wird die Verbreitung und Häufigkeit einiger Arten in MV neu bewertet. Zwei Arten sind neu für die Fauna des Bundeslandes: 〈i〉Cousya longitarsis〈/i〉 (Thomson, 1867) and 〈i〉Philonthus ebeninus〈/i〉 (Gravenhorst, 1802). Xerotherme Standorte, sandige Ufer von Fließgewässern und Salzwiesen sind in MV selten bzw. werden oftmals massiv beeinträchtigt. Diese Habitate beherbergen jedoch eine Vielzahl ökologisch anspruchsvoller Arten und sollten deshalb besonders geschützt werden.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 910 ; fauna ; rare species ; riparian species
    Language: German
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    Weitere Blattwespen (Hymenoptera: Symphyta) des Zoologischen Institutes der Universität Rostock, insbesondere aus den Sammlungen Jahn und Haupt (2016)
    Geozon Science Media
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    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Blattwespen des Zoologischen Institutes der Universität Rostock, insbesondere die Sammlungen Jahn und Haupt, wurden revidiert. Das Material aus den Familien Argidae, Cephidae, Cimbicidae, Diprionidae, Orussidae, Pamphiliidae, Siricidae, Tenthredinidae und Xiphydriidae stammt aus zehn deutschen Bundesländern, hauptsächlich aus Brandenburg und Hessen. Für folgende Taxa fehlen Hinweise in den Checklisten für die jeweiligen Bundesländer in der Entomofauna Germanica (Blank et al. 2001): Für Brandenburg 〈i〉Tenthredo arcuata〈/i〉 Forster, 1771 und 〈i〉Cimbex connatus〈/i〉 (Schrank, 1776), für Hessen 〈i〉Sterictiphora angelicae〈/i〉 (Panzer, 1799) und 〈i〉Tenthredopsis tarsata〈/i〉 (Fabricius, 1804), für Mecklenburg-Vorpommern 〈i〉Orussus abietinus〈/i〉 (Scopoli, 1763), für Sachsen 〈i〉Macrodiprion nemoralis〈/i〉 (Enslin, 1917), für Nordrhein-Westfalen 〈i〉Pamphilius betulae〈/i〉 Linnaeus, 1758, für Rheinland-Pfalz 〈i〉Urocerus gigas〈/i〉 Linnaeus, 1758. Daneben finden sich Einzelfunde aus Frankreich, Liechtenstein, Polen, Slowakei, Spanien und der Schweiz.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 910 ; fauna ; deutschland ; europa ; Blattwespen ; Symphyta ; Verbreitung
    Language: German
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    Unterkambrischer Sandstein mit kegelförmigen organischen Strukturen des Conichnus-Typs – ein Fundbericht (2016)
    Geozon Science Media
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    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Es wird ein unterkambrisches Sandsteingeschiebe von Rügen mit 14 kegelförmigen Strukturen vom Conichnus-Typ in Vergesellschaftung mit dem Spurenfossil Monocraterion vorgestellt.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551 ; 554.3 ; geschiebe ; Sandstein ; Bornholm ; Conichnus
    Language: German
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  • 50
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    Eiszerfallsformen, Esker sowie subglaziale und subaerische Talbildungen am Lütjensee / Forst Seebergen (Stormarn, Schleswig-Holstein) (2016)
    Geozon Science Media
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    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: This article presents investigations of a diverse landscape in the young moraine area of southeastern Schleswig-Holstein (Stormarn county). The northern part of the study area represents a large basin, possibly a glacier basin influenced by glaciofluvial meltwaters or by dead ice. Organic sedimentation occurred in this basin from the Late-glacial (Bölling/Alleröd interstadial complex), followed by a longer lake phase and the growth of a fen after c. 5.000 14C a B.P. The central area of the basin was formed as ice-disintegration landscape – including kames, eskers and esker-like features. Ring-like glaciofluvial landform structures are interpreted as subcircular eskers. Kettle bogs developed in the centres of these landforms from c. 5.000 14C a BP (Atlantic/Subboreal) onwards. The southern and south-eastern part of the study area represents a smoothed moraine zone, that includes a glaciotectonically influenced Saalian core of till, sand and glacilacustrine sediment. Parallel aligned gullies were predominantly formed as tunnel valleys. Some parts of the channels are infilled with glaciolacustrine clays. Several channels, asymmetric in cross-profile, were shaped by periglacial slope denudation.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551 ; weichselian late glacial ; valley formation ; subcircular esker ; kame ; ice decay landforms
    Language: German
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    Late Holocene glacier fluctuations in the eastern Nyainqêntanglha Range, southeastern Tibet (2016)
    Geozon Science Media
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    Publication Date: 2021-05-06
    Description: THESIS ABSTRACT
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551.7 ; tibet ; late holocene ; glacier fluctuation
    Language: English
    Type: article , Verlagsversion
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    The aeolian sedimentary system along the transition between the Qilian Shan and northern Chinese drylands during the late Quaternary (2016)
    Geozon Science Media
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-06
    Description: THESIS ABSTRACT
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551.7 ; china ; late quaternary ; drylands ; aeolian sedimentary system
    Language: English
    Type: article , Verlagsversion
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    The tablelands in the Puli Basin (central Taiwan) – a geochronological and geomorphological approach to Late Quaternary fluvial sedimentary and erosional processes (2016)
    Geozon Science Media
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-06
    Description: THESIS ABSTRACT
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551.7 ; late quaternary ; tablelands ; Taiwan ; sedimentary process ; erosional process
    Language: English
    Type: article , Verlagsversion
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  • 54
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    Subaqueous conglomerates above pre-LGM basal till: Another element of the ‘classic’ interglacial mountain-flank succession (Hötting Breccia Auct.) north of Innsbruck, Austria (2016)
    Geozon Science Media
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: The “Hötting Breccia” near Innsbruck is a classic interglacial mountain-flank succession mainly comprising lithified alluvial fans and scree slopes. Directly NW of Innsbruck, a pre-LGM (Riss?) basal till 〉20 m in thickness overlies a plucked rock surface that records eastward ice flow. The till is dominated by clasts of carbonate rocks from the Northern Calcareous Alps; index clasts of the LGM ice stream are absent. The basal till is overlain by a package of conglomerate nearly 1 km in preserved lateral extent that dip at 20–30° South and show the same clast spectrum as the underlying till. The conglomerate – hitherto assigned to the Hötting Breccia – accumulated from fan deltas and/or scree slopes shed into a standing water body; it is overlain by younger, unlithified LGM to Holocene deposits. We suggest the following scenario: During decay of the ice stream that formed the basal till, the conglomerate package was deposited by paraglacial reworking of till into a lake or ice-marginal lake. The alluvial fans of the Hötting Breccia accumulated independently from the conglomerate package, and from a distinct alluvial-fan system. The age relation of the till/conglomerate package to the main part of the Hötting Breccia is unclear. Our results demonstrate that the rocks hitherto summarized as Hötting Breccia represent a compound of lithosomes of different origins and ages.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551 ; quaternary ; interglacial ; alps ; till ; conglomerate ; Hötting Breccia ; index clasts
    Language: English
    Type: article , Verlagsversion
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    Discussing surface crack structures in the Schorfheide region, NE Germany (2016)
    Geozon Science Media
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-06
    Description: Express Report
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551.7 ; geomorphology ; late glacial ; airborne LiDAR ; northern Brandenburg ; digital elevation modelling ; Salt Tectonic ; Laacher Tephra
    Language: English
    Type: article , Verlagsversion
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  • 56
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    Moränen versus Till: Empfehlungen für die Beschreibung, Interpretation und Klassifikation glazialer Landformen und Sedimente (2016)
    Geozon Science Media
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-06
    Description: Internationally, the description and interpretation of glacial sediments and landforms largely follow a set of uniform guidelines and terminology. Sediments are normally described according to their lithofacies characteristics (e.g. diamicton, sorted sands), and only after closer inspection and investigation are genetic terms applied (e.g. till, glaciofluvial outwash). Mixing of sedimentological and geomorphological terminology does not occur. In German-speaking countries, however, the term moraine is used for glaciogenic sediments and landforms such as end moraines and also adopted for till plains (“ground moraine landscapes”, “old/young morainic landscapes” etc.). Similar traditions of the latter kind are sometimes found as a relict in Scandinavian texts, and an equally profound mixing of terms is found in much of the French literature. The authors argue here that this mixture not only leads to unnecessary confusion for students but also makes international communication more difficult, especially when the terminological inconsistencies are as extensive and non-systematic as in the German community at present. The present paper presents a systematic overview of the state-of-the-art of till terminology, thereby providing the necessary background information for a useful description and interpretation of field evidence for communicating results in German and hopefully aiding more efficient communication of German Quaternary geologists and geomorphologists internationally. The aim is to provide a sedimentological terminology that is in agreement with international standards and can readily be distinguished from geomorphological vocabulary. The authors recommend that usage of the term ground moraine, for example, is restricted to certain landform associations encountered in NW Central Europe, and excluded from use when discussing sediments. For primary glaciogenic sediments sensu stricto the term till should be used only where appropriate sedimentological evidence exists. A process-based subdivision of till types (e.g. deformation, lodgement till) is not useful in most cases, because as a community we do not have the tools to reliably distinguish such processes at a macro-scale. This recognition has led to the creation of the highly useful umbrella term subglacial traction till and its distinction from overridden primary sediments that are termed glaciotectonite. The present contribution translates the older terminology to the internationally-accepted terminology that follows the scientifically-robust approach of splitting descriptive terminology – based on a lithofacies approach (e.g. diamicton) – from the latter interpretative stage (e.g. subglacial traction till, debris flow deposit). The authors present translations of the different till schemes that have existed through time and link these to the current state of the art, citing several examples and clear diagnostic criteria to distinguish various types of diamictic sediments. This contribution stresses that the majority of diamictons encountered in glacial environments, especially in ice-marginal settings, are not usually and certainly not automatically subglacial traction tills.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551.7 ; grundmoräne ; quartärgeologie ; moräne ; sedimentologie ; terminologie ; sedimentology ; till ; moraines ; diamicton ; glacial sediments ; Quaternary Geology ; subglazialer Traktionstill ; glaziale Sedimente ; Diamikton ; Lithofaziesaufnahme ; subglacial traction till ; debris flow ; lithofacies approach
    Language: German
    Type: article , Verlagsversion
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  • 57
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    Submarine landforms related to glacier retreat in a shallow Antarctic fjord (2016)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Antarctic Science, 28 (6). pp. 475-486.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-11
    Description: Since the Last Glacial Maximum, ice has retreated through the fjords of the South Shetland Islands leaving a valuable record of submarine landforms behind. In this study, glacial landforms and sub-bottom characteristics have been mapped to investigate the late Holocene retreat behaviour of the Fourcade Glacier and to delineate past environmental processes in Potter Cove, King George Island. The comprehensive datasets include high-resolution swath bathymetry, shallow seismic profiling and one sediment core. Moraines, moraine incisions and glacial lineations were mapped on the sea floor in the inner part of the cove, whereas pockmarks, ice scour marks and channel structures were identified in the outer part. Sub-bottom characteristics have been assigned to different acoustic facies types indicating different depositional settings. The results reveal glacial recessions as well as stillstands and potential readvances during the late Holocene. Furthermore, the sediment record indicates that the Fourcade Glacier was situated inside the inner cove during the Little Ice Age (500–100 cal yr bp).
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  • 58
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    Fake News, gehackte Mails & Co – das kennen Klimaforscher längst (2016)
    Spektrum der Wissenschaft
    In:  Fake News, gehackte Mails & Co – das kennen Klimaforscher längst | Climate Science Weblog KlimaLounge
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    Publication Date: 2022-03-21
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  • 59
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    Wie die BGR einmal versuchte, die wärmende Treibhauswirkung von CO2 zu widerlegen (2016)
    Spektrum der Wissenschaft
    In:  Wie die BGR einmal versuchte, die wärmende Treibhauswirkung von CO2 zu widerlegen | Climate Science Weblog KlimaLounge
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    Publication Date: 2022-03-21
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  • 60
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    Q&A zum Golfstromsystem und dem 'cold blob' im Atlantik (2016)
    Spektrum der Wissenschaft
    In:  Q&A zum Golfstromsystem und dem 'cold blob' im Atlantik | Climate Science Weblog KlimaLounge
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-03-21
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  • 61
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    Cartoons für die Wissenschaft: The Madhouse Effect (2016)
    Spektrum der Wissenschaft
    In:  Cartoons für die Wissenschaft: The Madhouse Effect | Climate Science Weblog KlimaLounge
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-03-21
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  • 62
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    Kann eine Bettdecke den zweiten Hauptsatz der Thermodynamik verletzen? (2016)
    Spektrum der Wissenschaft
    In:  Kann eine Bettdecke den zweiten Hauptsatz der Thermodynamik verletzen? | Climate Science Weblog KlimaLounge
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    Publication Date: 2022-03-21
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    Warum die globale Erwärmung mehr Extremregen bringt (2016)
    Spektrum der Wissenschaft
    In:  Warum die globale Erwärmung mehr Extremregen bringt | Climate Science Weblog KlimaLounge
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    Publication Date: 2022-03-21
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  • 64
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    Meeresspiegel über die Jahrtausende (2016)
    Spektrum der Wissenschaft
    In:  Meeresspiegel über die Jahrtausende | Climate Science Weblog KlimaLounge
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-03-21
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/other
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  • 65
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    COP 22 in Marrakesch - Kleine Schritte zur Realisierung der Pariser Klimaziele (2016)
    Spektrum der Wissenschaft
    In:  COP 22 in Marrakesch - Kleine Schritte zur Realisierung der Pariser Klimaziele | Climate Science Weblog KlimaLounge
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-03-21
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/other
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  • 66
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    Fritz Vahrenholt und Sebastian Lüning beharren auf Abkühlung (2016)
    Spektrum der Wissenschaft
    In:  Fritz Vahrenholt und Sebastian Lüning beharren auf Abkühlung | Climate Science Weblog KlimaLounge
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    Publication Date: 2022-03-21
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  • 67
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    Rekordwärme auf der Erde trotz kalter Sonne (2016)
    Spektrum der Wissenschaft
    In:  Rekordwärme auf der Erde trotz kalter Sonne | Climate Science Weblog KlimaLounge
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    Publication Date: 2022-03-21
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  • 68
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    Der Dämmskeptiker Konrad Fischer - oder: Wie erkennt man unseriöse Thesen? (2016)
    Spektrum der Wissenschaft
    In:  Der Dämmskeptiker Konrad Fischer - oder: Wie erkennt man unseriöse Thesen? | Climate Science Weblog KlimaLounge
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    Publication Date: 2022-03-21
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  • 69
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    Die AfD und die Klimakrise (2016)
    Spektrum der Wissenschaft
    In:  Die AfD und die Klimakrise | Climate Science Weblog KlimaLounge
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    Publication Date: 2022-03-21
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  • 70
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    5 Jahre Nature Climate Change (2016)
    Spektrum der Wissenschaft
    In:  5 Jahre Nature Climate Change | Climate Science Weblog KlimaLounge
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    Publication Date: 2022-03-21
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  • 71
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    Environmental development and local human impact in the Jeetzel valley (N Germany) since 10 ka BP as detected by geoarchaeological analyses in a coupled aeolian and lacustrine sediment archive at Soven (2015)
    Geozon Science Media
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-06
    Description: While archaeological records indicate an intensive Mesolithic occupation of dune areas situated along river valleys, relatively little knowledge exists about environmental interactions in the form of land-use strategies and their possible local impacts. The combination of geoarchaeological, chronological, geochemical and palaeoecological research methods and their application both on a Mesoltihic site situated on top of a dune and the adjacent palaeochannel sediments allows for a detailed reconstruction of the local environmental development around the Soven site in the Jeetzel valley (Northern Germany) since ~10.5 ka cal BP. Based on the results, we identified four phases that may be related to local human impact twice during the Mesolithic, the Neolithic and the Iron Ages and are discussed on the backdrop of the regional settlement history. Although nearby Mesolithic occupation is evident on archaeological grounds, the identification of synchronous impacts on the vegetation in the local environmental records remains tentative even in respect of the broad methodical spectrum applied. Vice versa, human impact is strongly indicated by palaeoecological and geochemical proxies during the Neolithic period, but cannot be connected to archaeological records in the area so far. A younger phase of human impact – probably consisting of seasonal livestock farming in the wetlands – is ascribed to the Iron Age economy and comprises local soil erosion, raised concentrations of phosphates and urease, and the facilitation of grazing related taxa.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551.7 ; aeolian sand ; pollen ; mesolithic ; iron age ; charcoal ; human impact ; OSL ; Neolithisation
    Language: English
    Type: article , Verlagsversion
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  • 72
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    Periglaziäre, polygonal-verzweigte rinnenförmige Bildungen und glazitektonische Strukturen in Saale-Till am Elbe-Urstomtalrand bei Wedel (Schleswig-Holstein) (2015)
    Geozon Science Media
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-06
    Description: Remarkable polygenetical structures were observed at a refinery rehabilitation site in Wedel/Holstein. The polygonal shaped, channel-like structures are incised in mid-Saalian clayey, chalk-rich till. They are symmetrically semicircular shaped and filled with calcareous, silty sands that can be interpreted as sandy reworked till with aeolian components. The width reaches from approx. 0.3 to 1.5 metres, the depth up to approx. 0.8 metres. Horizontal cracks up to more than 10 meters in lengths, occurring as narrow belts of sand with reddish colour, are often centrally aligned in the channel-like structures. The present-day red colour is not natural but related to pollution. These belts reach down to the bottom of the channel like structures. At the lower site of the channel-like structures glacitectonic fissures with a width up to a few centimetres were to be traced into a depth of several metres to the basis of the excavat ion. The genesis of the channel-like structures is discussed. e. g. a possible relation with the pre-existing glacitectonic joints resp. the expected periglacial paleohydrogeological setting.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551.7 ; periglacial channels ; Weichselian periglacial ; frost wedges ; glacitectonism ; paleohydrogeology ; talik ; Elbe spillway
    Language: German
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    Chronostratigraphy of the Hochterrassen in the lower Lech valley (Northern Alpine Foreland) (2015)
    Geozon Science Media
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-06
    Description: Hochterrassen (High or Higher Terraces) are a prominent geomorphological feature of the Northern Alpine Foreland and have traditionally been attributed to the Rissian glaciation. However, distinct morphological sublevels observed for this feature have often raised the question of their age. This issue is exemplarily investigated here on the Langweider and Rainer Hochterrassen in the lower Lech valley using different relative and numerical dating techniques. The lowest sublevel, the Übergangsterrasse is only preserved in small patches at the western rim of the Rainer Hochterrasse and is most probably of early Würmian age. The sublevel of the Jüngere Hochterrasse is older than the Last Interglacial, as indicated by luminescence ages of overlying loess/palaeosol sequence and the development of a luvisol on top of the terrace gravel. This terrace is composed of stacked gravel units that represent at least two accumulation phases correlating with Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 6 for the top gravel and MIS 7 to MIS 10 (or older) for the basal gravel. It is not yet clear, if the deposition of the basal gravel unit corresponds to one or more aggradation phases during the Middle Pleistocene. The highest sublevel, the Ältere Hochterrasse also shows a compositon of two stacked gravel units but so far, no numerical ages have been achieved for these units.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551.7 ; northern alpine foreland ; middle pleistocene ; luminescence dating ; Hochterrassen ; fluvial terraces
    Language: English
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  • 74
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    Late Pleistocene spotted hyena den sites and specialized rhinoceros scavengers in the karstified Zechstein areas of the Thuringian Mountains (Central Germany) (2015)
    Geozon Science Media
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-06
    Description: Crocuta crocuta spelaea (Goldfuss 1823) cranial and postcranial remains of the Pößneck region in the Zechstein Karst region of the Thuringian Mountains (Central Germany) were excavated historically in the Wüste Scheuer Cavity at Döbritz. Nearby, at the Krölpa gypsum karst open air site, additionally a woolly rhinoceros, partially scavenged by Ice Age spotted hyenas, was found. The amount at Wüste Scheuer Cavity includes chew damaged Coelodonta antiquitatis remains and is classified herein as communal den type. At both den/scavenging sites, only a small amount of prey material of Late Pleistocene megafauna of rare M. primigenius, mainly C. antiquitatis, E. c. przewalskii, and fewer B. priscus and R. tarandus was accumulated. The dominance of woolly rhinoceros, bison and Przewalski horse bones are typical for hyena bone assemblages in European low mountain regions, where mammoth was nearly absent as a result of topography. In the Thuringian Karst Mountains nine Late Pleistocene Ice Age spotted hyena den sites are identified. Solely hyena dens are present in Zechstein open air gypsum and limestone karstic regions of Bad Köstritz, Krölpa and Fuchsluken Cavities near Saalfeld. In the Wüste Scheuer their remains overlap with Middle Palaeolithic Neanderthal human camp sites, similar as in the Ilsen Cave at Ranis and Lindenthal Cave in Gera, which demonstrates competition for prey and shelter cavities. At such cave sites, bone remains were historically misinterpreted as „solely of Neanderthal human kitchen rubbish” or even as “bone tools” (e.g. “bone scrapers” = woolly rhinoceros tibia bones chewed by hyenas).
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551.7 ; late pleistocene ; Ice Age spotted hyenas ; den types ; Thuringian Mountains ; Central Germany
    Language: English
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    Ein Uferprofil am Priesterbäker See: Slawenzeitlich-mittelalterliche Seespiegelschwankungen im Bereich der „Specker Seen“ (Mecklenburg) (2015)
    Geozon Science Media
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Eine durch einen Bodenschurf aufgeschlossene Boden-Sediment-Folge einer alten Seeterrasse im Einzugsgebiet des Priesterbäker Sees zeigt deutliche Fazieswechsel im Uferbereich des Gewässers. Die Abfolge von liegenden humosen Sanden, welche einen ehemaligen Verlandungssaum nachzeichnen, limnischen Sanden mit Bodenbildung und hangenden Flugsanden belegt Änderungen in der Sedimentation, welche mit säkularen Grundwasser- bzw. Seespiegelschwankungen zu erklären sind. Mit Hilfe von geophysikalischen Datierungen lassen sich gegenüber dem heutigen Niveau höhere Wasserstände für den Priesterbäker See bzw. die so genannten „Specker Seen“ östlich der Müritz während des 7.–9. und 12.–14. Jahrhunderts ableiten.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551 ; 554.3 ; seespiegelschwankungen ; mecklenburg ; Seeterrasse ; Priesterbäker See ; Slawenzeit
    Language: German
    Type: article , Verlagsversion
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    Weichselzeitliche Kryocalcite als Hinweise für Eisseen in der Hüttenbläserschachthöhle (Iserlohn/NRW) (2015)
    Geozon Science Media
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    Publication Date: 2021-05-06
    Description: C/O-stable isotope composition (VPDB) of speleothems from the Makkaronihalle of the Hüttenbläserschacht Cave in Iserlohn shows a clear separation between glacial and interglacial calcites. In contrast to normal speleothems (stalagmites, excentriques, crystals in cave ponds, draperies; δ18O: –4.0 to –6.1 ‰, δ13C: –4.9 to –10.9 ‰), rhombohedral crystal sinter and spherulitic speleoparticles are characterised by lower δ18O (–8.9 to –17.9 ‰) and higher δ13C values (+0.7 to –6.1 ‰). This suggests that these speleogenetic particles were formed in slowly freezing waterpools on ice during the transition from a stadial to an interstadial phase. Precise 230Th/U-dating shows younger Weichselian ages of 28.6 to 33.0 ka for these speleogenetic particles from north-west Germany. These formation periods indicate freezing conditions overlain by 34 m of hostrock and provide the minimum depth of permafrost penetration for the younger Weichselian in the area of the northern Sauerland (north-west Germany).
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551.7 ; permafrost ; Cryogenic calcites ; C/O isotopes ; Upper Weichselian ; ice caves ; north-western Germany
    Language: German
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    Spätsaalezeitliche und eemzeitliche Makrofaunen aus dem Kliffaufschluss Klein Klütz Höved (NW-Mecklenburg) (2015)
    Geozon Science Media
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    Publication Date: 2021-05-06
    Description: On the basis of the work done by Strahl et al. (1994), the mollusc specimens in the Late Saalian glacial and Eemian interglacial sediments from the cliff outcrop of Klein Klütz Höved (NW Mecklenburg) were re-examined and, in the process, a few vertebrates (fishes, micromammals) were also found. The mollusc specimens from the Late Saalian sand and mud alone comprise approximately 40 species among which terrestrial varieties, e.g. Succinella oblonga, Pupilla loessica, P. pratensis, Vallonia tenuilabris or Vertigo genesii, are clearly predominant as far as the number of individual specimens is concerned. Among the limnic varieties were also found the glacial index species Pisidium obtusale f. lapponicum and P. stewarti. It was also possible to prove the northern-most presence for Germany of the steppe lemming Lagurus lagurus in the Late Saalian. In the Eemian mud, the molluscs found were almost exclusively limnic. This about 20 species comprising fauna is characte-ristic of a river system with calmer areas, oxbow lakes and in-coming springs. These fluvial conditions were confirmed by the freshwater bivalves Pisidium amnicum, P. supinum, P. moitessierianum, P. ponderosum and Unio tumidus. For the first time in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, evidence was found of the spring snail Belgrandia germanica as an interglacial index species. The limnic-fluvial section of the Eemian is topped by a cryoturbate structures. Its sandy, gravelly pockets contain marine molluscs. The index species for the marine Eemian found in the southern Baltic region are Polititapes senescens and Bittium reticulatum.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551.7 ; molluscs ; Saalian deposits ; limnic and marine Eemian facies ; Belgrandia germanica ; micromammals ; Lagurus lagurus ; Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania
    Language: German
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    Klima, Grundwassernutzung oder Waldbewirtschaftung? Ursachen tendenziell fallender Grundwasserstände am Beispiel Südwest-Usedoms (2015)
    Geozon Science Media
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    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Tendenziell fallende Grundwasserstände können vielfältige Ursachen haben, z.B. die Änderung der klimatischen Bedingungen, Modifikationen der Landnutzung oder die Entnahme von Grundwasser. Am Beispiel Südwest-Usedoms wird dargestellt, wie mögliche Einflussfaktoren analysiert und quantifiziert werden können. Für das Untersuchungsgebiet zeigte sich, dass die über Jahrzehnte gesunkenen Grundwasserstände überwiegend aus der Kahlschlagbewirtschaftung des Waldes resultieren und damit weniger einen Trend als eine überjährliche Schwankung ausweisen.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551 ; 554.3 ; forest ; Sickerwasser ; Grundwasser ; Grundwasserneubildung ; Wald ; Landschaftswasserhaushalt ; Trend ; Grundwasserentnahme ; geohydraulisches Modell ; Landscape water regime ; Groundwater ; Groundwater recharge ; percolate water ; Groundwater extraction ; Groundwater modelling ; Geohydraulic model ; Grundwasserströmung ; Modellierung
    Language: German
    Type: article , Verlagsversion
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  • 79
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    Bw horizon in Holocene slope deposits (Kratzeburg, NE Germany) – dating and pedological characteristics (2015)
    Geozon Science Media
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-06
    Description: A soil-sediment sequence in NE Germany has provided information about the duration and intensity of formation of a Bw horizon in Holocene slope deposits. With a combination of optically stimulated luminescence (OSL), 14C- and archaeological dating methods, colluvial layers taken from a former castle wall trench constructed during the Bronze Age were dated. With this chronology, the relative age of the postsedimentary Bw horizon formation within the colluvial sediments was derived, resulting in the first valid pedochronological data (maximum and minimum age) for a Holocene Bw horizon in NE Germany. The horizon was formed within 2400 years. Weathering and brunification have altered the Holocene parent material. However, the geochemical characteristics of the Holocene soil formation are weak compared to Bw horizons from the Late Glacial and the Late Glacial to Holocene. The results presented here enhance our understanding of soil formation processes in northern Germany, while highlighting the role of colluvial layers as sedimentological tracers of Holocene soil formation processes.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551.7 ; holocene ; ne germany ; dating ; Bw horizon ; Slope deposits ; soil formation
    Language: English
    Type: article , Verlagsversion
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  • 80
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    Holocene Vegetation and Land Use History in the Northern Vosges (France) (2015)
    Geozon Science Media
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-06
    Description: A radiocarbon-dated peat profile from Rond Pertuis supérieure mire in the uplands of the Northern Vosges is studied using palynological methods. The profile dates from the middle Atlantic period (4500–3100 B.C.) to recent times. During the middle of the Atlantic period an oak forest rich in pine covered the Northern Vosges. Fir and beech immigrated at the end of the Atlantic leading to the decline of oak and pine in the forest. This also marked the onset of decisive human influence on the development of the terrestrial vegetation. Five land use phases were detected, the first one at the end of the Neolithic period (~4000–2200 B.C.). Subsequently, continuous land use is evident from the Bronze Age (2200–800 B.C.) up to now. In the late Middle Ages (A.D. 900–1500) and the early Modern Era (since A.D. 1500), the woodlands were completely altered by human activities. During the 19th century modern forestry introduced spruce into the investigated area in the Northern Vosges. Spruce afforestation then accelerated in the middle of the 20th century.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551.7 ; holocene ; pollen analysis ; france ; human impact ; Northern Vosges
    Language: English
    Type: article , Verlagsversion
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  • 81
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    Ocean iron fertilization: time to lift the research taboo (2015)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  In: Climate Change Geoengineering Philosophical Perspectives, Legal Issues. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, pp. 242-262. ISBN 9781107502635
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-09-23
    Description: Introduction. Today, most countries have accepted a 2 degrees Celsius temperature increase above preindustrial levels as the maximum tolerable limit for global warming. An exceedance probability of below 20 percent for this limit implies an emission budget of less than 250 GtC from 2000 until 2049, however, extrapolating from current global CO2 emissions, this budget will only last until 2024. This sobering math should wake us up to the reality that all options, including climate engineering, need to be considered to address climate change. Climate engineering options can be classified broadly into two categories: solar radiation management and carbon dioxide removal measures. Solar radiation management schemes seek to decrease the incoming solar radiation or to increase the reflection of incoming solar radiation. These approaches can generate fast climate responses, but do not immediately address the cause of the problem. Carbon dioxide removal measures seek to decrease atmospheric carbon concentrations by enhancing or substituting natural carbon sinks. The terrestrial carbon sink can be enhanced by means of forestation; the oceanic sink may, in some regions, be enhanced by means of fertilization, for example by artificially enhanced upwelling of macronutrients or by purposeful addition of the micronutrient iron; the mineral carbon sink can be enhanced by means of chemically accelerated weathering. Some analysts have expressed doubts about the potential of mitigating climate change by sink enhancement, because of concerns about whether carbon can be stored permanently. Nevertheless, terrestrial vegetation sinks have entered the Kyoto Protocol (KP) as offsets for anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions, but ocean sinks have not.
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  • 82
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    Abundance distribution patterns of intertidal bivalves Macoma balthica and Cerastoderma edule at the Murman coast tidal flats (the Barents Sea) (2015)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Journal of The Marine Biological Association of The United Kingdom, 95 (08). pp. 1613-1620.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-17
    Description: Density distribution of the common infaunal bivalves, Macoma balthica and Cerastoderma edule, was studied along the Murman Coast of the Barents Sea during 2002–2010. In both species, abundance was generally higher in West Murman in contrast to East Murman. Highest density of Macoma balthica reaching 1535 ind. m−2 was observed in the Kola Inlet. Cerastoderma edule was less abundant; its density rarely exceeded 10 ind. m−2 in all but one site, where 282 ind. m−2 was registered. Reconstruction of abundance distribution across the European geographic range of Macoma balthica revealed that it does not match an ‘abundant-centre’ pattern, having features of ramped north. On the other hand, distribution of Cerastoderma edule abundance across the range generally follows an ‘abundant-centre’ pattern but southern edge populations show relatively higher abundances as compared with those at the north edge (the Barents Sea).
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 83
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    Continuous Seasonal River Ebullition Measurements Linked to Sediment Methane Formation (2015)
    American Chemical Society (ACS)
    In:  Environmental Science & Technology, 49 (22). pp. 13121-13129.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-10-24
    Description: Laboratory sediment incubations and continuous ebullition monitoring over an annual cycle in the temperate Saar River, Germany confirm that impounded river zones can produce and emit methane at high rates (7 to 30 (g CH4 m–3 d–1) at 25 °C and 270 to 700 (g CH4 m–2 yr–1), respectively). Summer methane ebullition (ME) peaks were a factor of 4 to 10 times the winter minima, and sediment methane formation was dominated by the upper sediment (depths of 0.14 to 0.2 m). The key driver of the seasonal ME dynamics was temperature. An empirical model relating methane formation to temperature and sediment depth, derived from the laboratory incubations, reproduced the measured daily ebullition from winter to midsummer, although late summer and autumn simulated ME exceeded the observed ME. A possible explanation for this was substrate limitation. We recommend measurements of methanogenically available carbon sources to identify substrate limitation and help characterize variation in methane formation with depth and from site to site.
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  • 84
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    Debatte im Datenrauschen (2015)
    Spektrum der Wissenschaft
    In:  Debatte im Datenrauschen | Climate Science Weblog KlimaLounge
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-03-21
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/other
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  • 85
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    Obamas “State of the Union” zum Klima (2015)
    Spektrum der Wissenschaft
    In:  Obamas “State of the Union” zum Klima | Climate Science Weblog KlimaLounge
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-03-21
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/other
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  • 86
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    Was ist los im Nordatlantik? (2015)
    Spektrum der Wissenschaft
    In:  Was ist los im Nordatlantik? | Climate Science Weblog KlimaLounge
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-03-21
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/other
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  • 87
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    Keine Pause, nirgends (2015)
    Spektrum der Wissenschaft
    In:  Keine Pause, nirgends | Climate Science Weblog KlimaLounge
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-03-21
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/other
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  • 88
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    Eine neue Meeresspiegelkurve (2015)
    Spektrum der Wissenschaft
    In:  Eine neue Meeresspiegelkurve | Climate Science Weblog KlimaLounge
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-03-21
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/other
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  • 89
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    Klimaforschung: Auf Herz und Nieren geprüft (2015)
    Spektrum der Wissenschaft
    In:  Klimaforschung: Auf Herz und Nieren geprüft | Climate Science Weblog KlimaLounge
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-03-21
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/other
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  • 90
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    Eine fragwürdige Blogwahl + Update (2015)
    Spektrum der Wissenschaft
    In:  Eine fragwürdige Blogwahl + Update | Climate Science Weblog KlimaLounge
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-03-21
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/other
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  • 91
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    Climato-stratigraphic subdivision of the Pleistocene in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany and adjoining areas (2014)
    Geozon Science Media
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: In Schleswig-Holstein wurden in den zurückliegenden vier Jahrzehnten detaillierte Untersuchungen an Probenmaterial aus Aufschlüssen und Kernbohrungen durchgeführt. Analysen der Kiesfraktion und von ‚Leitgeschieben‘ aus glazialen Ablagerungen wurden für die Interpretation und Korrelation genutzt. Glazifluviatile Sedimente wurden TL- und OSL-datiert. Zusammen mit der stratigraphischen Information aus organischen Ablagerungen konnte eine neue klimatostratigraphische Tabelle des Pleistozäns für Schleswig-Holstein mit revidierter Gliederung des Mittel- und Oberpleistozäns erstellt werden. Die Pollensequenz der ältesten pleistozänen Warmzeit (Warmhörn-Thermomer) wird erstmals veröffentlicht. Das Unterpleistozän (Altpleistozän) und das untere Mittelpleistozän sind bei Lieth und bei Gorleben (Niedersachsen) in zwei kontinuierlichen Schichtfolgen vollständig dokumentiert, abgelagert in einem Wechsel von warmen und kalten Klimaphasen. Der oberste Abschnitt der Abfolge von Lieth und der unterste der Abfolge von Gorleben überlappen. Die kombinierte Abfolge bietet ein einzigartiges Referenzprofil für Korrelationen innerhalb Europas. Bisher wurden in Schleswig-Holstein nur drei Kaltzeiten mit Vergletscherungen nachgewiesen, Elster- und Saale-Kaltzeit im oberen Mittelpleistozän und die Weichsel-Kaltzeit im Oberpleistozän. Eine mögliche prä-elsterzeitliche Vergletscherung wird diskutiert. Die Holstein-Warmzeit wird mit MIS 9e korreliert. Das Saale umfasst einen unteren Abschnitt mit nicht-glaziären Kaltzeiten und mit Warmzeiten, der ‚Wacken-Warmzeit‘ (=Dömnitz) und der ‚Leck-Warmzeit‘, korreliert mit MIS 7e und MIS 7c, und einen glaziären oberen Abschnitt. Während des Weichsel gab es wahrscheinlich zwei Phasen mit Vergletscherung, die erste im frühen Mittelweichsel (‚Ellund-Phase‘, spätes MIS 4 oder/und frühes MIS 3), die zweite im oberen Weichsel (MIS 2). Die weichselzeitliche Vergletscherung Schleswig-Holsteins endet um 15 ka BP, als großflächige stagnierende Eisflächen und Toteismassen des Jungbaltischen Gletschervorstoßes (‘Mecklenburg-Phase’) schmolzen.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551 ; pleistocene ; schleswig-holstein ; pléistocène ; correlations ; climato-stratigraphic table
    Language: English
    Type: article , Verlagsversion
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  • 92
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    Driving mechanisms of Holocene lagoon development and barrier accretion in Northern Elis, Peloponnese, inferred from the sedimentary record of the Kotychi Lagoon (2014)
    Geozon Science Media
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-06
    Description: As part of the lagoon barrier accretions plain characterizing the NW coast of the Peloponnese, the Kotychi Lagoon is believed to have formed in the prograding delta of the Palaeo-Peneus River over 7000 years ago. Geochemical/sedimentological proxies-data (XRF, grain size, OC-, IC-, C/N-analysis) combined with Bayesian age-depth-modeling revealed that from 8500 to 8000 cal BP marine conditions were prevailing. Around 8000 cal BP, a short-lived sequence of coastline progradation and barrier accretion created lagoonal conditions. Thus, the first chronological control for the onset of lagoon formation in coastal Elis is presented. Pronounced lagoonal conditions developed approximately 6300 cal BP, simultaneously to the period of circum-Mediterranean lagoon formation. A rapidly varying sedimentary record indicates a phase of geomorphological instability between 5200 and 3500 cal BP terminating with the erosional unconformity of a river channel. This evolution reflects a two-phase development: (1) Early Holocene morphology was controlled by the postglacial sea level rise; (2) with receding of the ice sheets by mid-Holocene, the preeminent role of the eustatic signal was overwhelmed giving local and regional processes, such as human-induced soil erosion and climatic forcing an accentuated role. Thus, the evolution of the Elean coastline shows analogies to circum-Mediterranean lagoon formation.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551.7 ; geochemistry ; lagoon ; sea level change ; Greece ; Holocene coastal evolution ; XRF
    Language: English
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  • 93
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    Climato-stratigraphic subdivision of the Pleistocene in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany and adjoining areas (2014)
    Geozon Science Media
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: In Schleswig-Holstein detailed petrographical and palynological studies were undertaken with samples from exposures and core drillings examined over the last four decades. Analyses of the gravel fraction and ‘indicator rocks’ of glacial deposits were used for stratigraphical interpretations and correlation. Glaciofluvial sediments were dated by TL and OSL. Combined with the stratigraphical information from organic deposits, a new climato-stratigraphic table of the Pleistocene for Schleswig-Holstein with a revised subdivision of the Middle and Late Pleistocene could be established. The pollen sequence of the oldest Pleistocene warm phase (Warmhörn-Thermomer) is published for the first time. The complete Early Pleistocene and lower Middle Pleistocene stratigraphical sequence is documented at Lieth and at Gorleben (Lower Saxony) in two continuous successions of organic beds developed during warm phases alternating with cold phase deposits. The uppermost part of the Lieth succession and the lowermost part of Gorleben overlap. The combined succession provides a unique reference for correlations through Europe. No more than three cold stages involving glaciation are demonstrated to exist currently in Schleswig-Holstein, the Elsterian and the Saalian in the upper Middle Pleistocene, and the Weichselian in the Late Pleistocene. A possible pre-Elsterian glaciation is discussed. The Holsteinian is correlated with MIS 9e. The Saalian includes a lower part with non-glacial cold phases and warm phases, the ‘Wacken-Warmzeit’ (=Dömnitz) and the ‘Leck-Warmzeit’ correlated with MIS 7e and MIS 7c respectively, and a glacial upper part. During the Weichselian probably two phases of glaciation existed, the first in the early Middle Weichselian (‘Ellund-Phase’; late MIS 4 or/and the early MIS 3), the second in the Upper Weichselian (MIS 2). The Weichselian glaciation of Schleswig-Holstein ends around 15 ka BP when huge stagnant and dead ice masses of the Young Baltic glacier advance (‘Mecklenburg-Phase’) melted.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551 ; pleistocene ; schleswig-holstein ; pléistocène ; correlations ; climato-stratigraphic table
    Language: English
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  • 94
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    Ice Age geomorphological Ahorn Valley and Ailsbach River terrace evolution – and its importance for the cave use possibilities by cave bears, top predators (hyenas, wolves and lions) and humans (Neanderthals, Late Palaeolithics) in the Frankonian Karst (2014)
    Geozon Science Media
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: The Sophie’s Cave in Upper Franconia, Bavaria (South Germany) eroded into Upper Jurassic reef dolomite and is a perfect model including all three stages of cave development ranging from a 1. ponor cave, to 2. intermediate periodically flooded cave to 3. dry cave. The key position of the cave along the Ahorn Valley, a side valley of the larger Wiesent River Valley, allow a cave genesis and evolution reconstruction which started in the Pliocene. The main refill took place in the Quaternary with Middle to Late Pleistocene river terrace sediments, present as relict sediments. Seven valley genesis stages between Pliocene to final Late Pleistocene can be separated in elevations of 440 to 375 meters a.s.l. The lowering of the Ailsbach River in the Ahorn Valley is important to understand the accessibility of caves for Pleistocene animals and Palaeolithic humans in different valley positions and elevations during different times in Upper Franconia, and the natural erosive opening/closing of cave entrances towards drainage valleys.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551 ; bavaria ; cave ; ice age ; Ahorn Valley ; Alsbach River ; terrace evolution ; bears ; humans ; Neanderthals ; Late Palaeolithics
    Language: English
    Type: article , Verlagsversion
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  • 95
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    Erwägungen zur Korrelation mittelpleistozäner Relikte des Rheingletschers mit der Nordschweizer Stratigraphie (2014)
    Geozon Science Media
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-06
    Description: In the glaciation history of Switzerland (Preusser, Graf, Keller, Krayss & Schlüchter 2011) is shown that two (possibly three) older glacials had happened before the well known glacials Würm = Birrfeld and Riss = Beringen. These are the Habsburg- and the Möhlin-Glacials. In this paper selected key regions in Southern Germany are analysed litho- and morphostratigraphically. This analysis enables us to find the two older glacials proved also at the Rhine Glacier. The period of the „Deckenschotter“-glaciations is followed by a time of striking fluvial erosion (MPR = Middle Pleistocene Reorganisation) in the region of Lake Constance. It is demonstrated that the glaciers of the subsequent Middle Pleistocene glacials exarated the overdeepened Lake Constance basin. The oldest of these „Becken-Glacials“ is named „Größtes Rheinisches Glazial“ (GRG) = Möhlin in the northern part of Switzerland. It corresponds to the Hosskirch introduced by Ellwanger (2003). In the northern Rhine Glacier region the most external glacial deposits belong to this glaciation. Earlier in the northwestern part these deposits are interpreted as Riss-Glacial, but in the northeast as Mindel-Glacial. The GRG evidently must be older than Riss, but younger than the „Younger Deckenschotter“. Therefore Mindel in the northeastern region would be a Becken-Glacial. In the northern part of Switzerland the Habsburg-Glacial nearly reached the extension of the Würm-Glacial. In the region of the Rhine Glacier references and/or indications of the Habsburg-Glacial could be found in a band width corresponding to the Würm, but outside it as well. In the northern region of the Rhine Glacier this vast glaciation has not been discovered up to now because the subsequent glacials Riss and Würm mainly destroyed its relics. To classify the „Greatest Rhine Glacial“ GRG as well as the Habsburg-Glacial chronologically interpolated interglacials with time marks can be applied: IG Unterpfauzenwald – GRG – IG Holstein – Habsburg – IG Meikirch – Riss – IG Eem. Accordingly a temporal classification for the glacials results as follows: (GRG) +350 ka BP (MIS 10), Habsburg +250 ka BP (MIS 8), Riss +150 ka BP (MIS 6).
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551.7 ; glacial deposits ; chronostratigraphy ; alpine foreland ; glacial drainage ; Rhine Glacier
    Language: German
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  • 96
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    Holotype skulls, stratigraphy, bone taphonomy and excavation history in the Zoolithen Cave and new theory about Esper’s “great deluge” (2014)
    Geozon Science Media
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-06
    Description: The Zoolithen Cave, in the Wiesent River Valley of Upper Franconia, Bavaria, South Germany, has a very long excavation history. The site is of international paleobiological importance as the Type site for five Pleistocene top predators (cave bear, Ice Age hyena, lion, wolf, dhole). This large cave system has developed in three elevations and preserves three fluvial sedimentary sequences including two speleothem genesis phases representing changing ponor, dry and wet stages from the Oligocene/Miocene (Neogene), over the Pliocene/Early Pleistocene to Late Pleistocene. The cave bear Ursus deningeri used the cave as den during the MIS 6–9 (Holsteinian interglacial-Saalian glacial). Single P4 tooth and skull shape analyses (“= cave bear clock”) date different cave bear species (U. spelaeus eremus/spelaeus, U. ingressus) within the Late Pleistocene (MIS 3–5d). Finally the bones of other Pleistocene megamammals were washed from two former cave entrances at elevations of about 455 m a.s.l. up to 30 meters deep into lower elevation cave parts, during the Last Glacial Maximum (Post-U. deningeri times or Postglacial), -historically believed to be the result of the “great deluge”. The young “river terrace dolomite gravels” which occur as relic sediments at elevations of about 455 a.s.l in several caves around Muggendorf cannot be explained by natural erosion/river terrace stratigraphy, and must relate to an uncertain glacial context. Finally Iron Age (La Tène) humans left secondary burials (human skulls and long bones with pottery and after-life food animal donations) only in the first deep vertical shaft (Aufzugsschacht) similar to the situation in the nearby Esper’s Cave.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551.7 ; stratigraphy ; Holotype skulls ; bone taphonomy ; excavation history of the Zoolithen Cave ; new theory about Esper's "great deluge"
    Language: English
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  • 97
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    Ice-Rafted Erratics and Bergmounds from Pleistocene Outburst Floods, Rattlesnake Mountain, Washington, USA (2014)
    Geozon Science Media
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-06
    Description: Exotic ice-rafted debris from the breakup of ice-dammed glacial lakes Missoula and Columbia is common in slackwater areas along the 1,100-km route for outburst floods in the northwestern US. A detailed analysis was performed at Rattlesnake Mountain, which lay beyond the limit of the former ice sheet, where an exceptionally high concentration of ice-rafted debris exists midway along the floods’ path. Here floodwaters temporarily rose to 380 m elevation (forming short-lived Lake Lewis) behind the first substantial hydraulic constriction for the outburst floods near Wallula Gap. Within the 60 km2 study area more than 2,100 erratic isolates and clusters, as well as bergmounds were recorded. Three quarters of erratic boulders are of an exotic granitic composition, which stand in stark contrast to dark Columbia River basalt, the sole bedrock in the region. Other exotics include Proterozoic quartzite and argillite as well as gneiss, diorite, schist and gabbro, all once in direct contact with the Cordilleran Ice Sheet to the north. Most ice-rafted debris is concentrated between 200 and 300 m elevation. Far fewer erratics and bergmounds lie above 300 m elevation because of the preponderance of less-than-maximum floods. Plus, larger deep-rooted icebergs were forced to ground farther away from the ancient shorelines of transient Lake Lewis. As floodwaters moved across the uneven surface of Rattlesnake Mountain, many erratic-bearing icebergs congregated into pre-existing gullies that trend crosswise to flood flow.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551.7 ; ice-rafted debris ; erratic ; bergmound ; Missoula floods ; Wallula Gap ; Lake Lewis ; glacial Lake Missoula ; Wisconsin Glaciation ; Columbia River basalt
    Language: English
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  • 98
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    High Pressure Rheology of Hydrate Slurries Formed from Water-in-Mineral Oil Emulsions (2014)
    American Chemical Society (ACS)
    In:  Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 53 (17). pp. 6998-7007.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-01-03
    Description: Structure I methane hydrates are formed in situ from water-in-mineral oil emulsions in a high pressure rheometer cell. Viscosity is measured as hydrates form, grow, change under flow, and dissociate. Experiments are performed at varying water volume fraction in the original emulsion (0–0.40), temperature (0–6 °C), and initial pressure of methane (750–1500 psig). Hydrate slurries exhibit a sharp increase in viscosity upon hydrate formation, followed by complex behavior dictated by factors including continued hydrate formation, shear alignment, methane depletion/dissolution, aggregate formation, and capillary bridging. Hydrate slurries possess a yield stress and are shear-thinning fluids, which are described by the Cross model. Hydrate slurry viscosity and yield stress increased with increasing water volume fraction. As driving force for hydrate formation decreases (increasing temperature, decreasing pressure), hydrate slurry viscosity increases, suggesting that slower hydrate formation leads to larger and more porous aggregates. In total, addition of water to a methane saturated oil can cause more than a fifty-fold increase in viscosity if hydrates form.
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  • 99
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    Foraging ecology and choice of feeding habitat in the New Zealand Fairy Tern Sternula nereis davisae (2014)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Bird Conservation International, 24 . pp. 72-87.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-01-21
    Description: No published information is available on the foraging ecology and choice of feeding habitat of New Zealand’s rarest breeding bird: the New Zealand Fairy Tern (NZFT) Sternula nereis davisae. To address this gap, we conducted an assessment of the largest remaining breeding population at Mangawhai Harbour, Northland, New Zealand, during the chick-rearing period of the 2010/2011 breeding season. We combined visual tracking of birds with prey surveys and stable isotope analyses, and we present the first quantitative assessment of NZFT foraging. We recorded 405 foraging dives that show NZFT foraging habitat includes the water edges, shallow channels, and pools on the tidal flats of mangrove-lined (Avicennia marina var. resinifera) parts of the estuary; tidal pools on mud- and sandflats in the mid-estuary and lower harbour; the shallow margins of the dredged main channel in the lower harbour; the oxbow lagoons on the sand spit; and coastal shallows. Our study identifies the mangrove-lined highly tidal and shallow mid-estuary and the lagoon on the sand spit as foraging hotspots for the Mangawhai breeding population of the NZFT. The prey survey employed a seine-net sampling method at identified NZFT foraging sites and yielded 4,367 prey-sized fish of 11 species, two of which had not previously been reported in Mangawhai Harbour, as well as numerous shrimps. The most abundant fish were gobies of the genus Favonigobius. Our stable isotope results highlight gobies as the most important prey for NZFT chick rearing, also indicating that flounder Rhombosolea sp. contribute to NZFT diet. We raise the possibility that shrimps may also constitute a substantial diet component for NZFT, potentially providing up to 21% of diet mass for adult birds. While our results provide a first basis to understanding the feeding ecology of NZFT during their breeding season in order to facilitate conservation planning, further research is required to address inter-annual variation and to identify key foraging grounds for this Critically Endangered bird at other breeding sites.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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    Der Anti-Treibhauseffekt des Herrn Ermecke (2014)
    Spektrum der Wissenschaft
    In:  Der Anti-Treibhauseffekt des Herrn Ermecke | Climate science weblog KlimaLounge
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-03-21
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/other
    Format: application/pdf
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