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  • Elsevier  (79,452)
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd  (9,321)
  • Cambridge University Press  (5,342)
  • 1965-1969  (94,115)
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Year
  • 1
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    Elsevier
    In:  EPIC3Amsterdam, Elsevier
    Publication Date: 2016-08-25
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @photogrammetric record 5 (1967), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1477-9730
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
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    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @photogrammetric record 5 (1966), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1477-9730
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
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    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @photogrammetric record 5 (1966), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1477-9730
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
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    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @photogrammetric record 5 (1966), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1477-9730
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
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    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @photogrammetric record 5 (1966), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1477-9730
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: The paper traces the history of the Wild series of rectifiers, paying particular attention to the mechanical solutions of the Newton and Scheimpflug conditions.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
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    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @photogrammetric record 5 (1966), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1477-9730
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
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  • 8
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    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @photogrammetric record 5 (1965), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1477-9730
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: This paper gives a summary of the methods that have been used for independent model aerial triangulation. A modification of one of the methods is proposed and the paper concludes with a comparison of the independent model with the classical method of triangulation.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
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    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @photogrammetric record 5 (1965), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1477-9730
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
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    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @photogrammetric record 5 (1965), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1477-9730
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
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    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @photogrammetric record 5 (1965), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1477-9730
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  • 12
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    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @photogrammetric record 5 (1965), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1477-9730
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: The camera is a further development of an existing type with greatly improved photogrammetric performance so that the photography can be used with first-order plotting machines. A new lens provides minimal distortion, high resolution and greatly improved marginal illumination. An entirely new shutter provides high speeds and efficiency. Laboratory results and preliminary survey trials indicate image quality and location standards of the same order as established existing cameras.
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  • 13
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    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @photogrammetric record 5 (1965), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1477-9730
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Book reviews in this article:INTERNATIONAL YEAR BOOK OF CARTOGRAPHY (Vol. IV, 1964). Editor, Eduard Imhof.JUBILEE VOLUME DEDICATED TO WILLEM SCHERMERHORN ON HIS SEVENTIETH ANNIVERSARY: ESSAYS ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF PHOTOGRAMMETRY. Published by I.T.C., Delft.
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  • 14
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    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @photogrammetric record 6 (1969), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1477-9730
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
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  • 15
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    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @photogrammetric record 6 (1969), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1477-9730
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    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
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  • 16
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    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @photogrammetric record 6 (1968), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1477-9730
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: The geologist's use of air photographs and the characteristics studied by photogeologists are briefly described. The influence of photographic factors such as scale, season, time of day, film type, processing, overlap and dimensional accuracy are considered from the geologist's viewpoint.
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  • 17
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    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @photogrammetric record 6 (1968), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1477-9730
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: This paper modifies the well-known formula that corrects x-parallaxes for tilt. It shows how we can make significant improvements in accuracy with a no more complicated formula, in which the effects of ground relief are completely removed; and how we can reduce the second-order errors due to lateral (w) tilts by very large factors in favourable cases.
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
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    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @photogrammetric record 6 (1968), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1477-9730
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    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
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  • 19
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    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @photogrammetric record 6 (1968), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1477-9730
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    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
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  • 20
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    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @photogrammetric record 5 (1967), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1477-9730
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Land systems are patterns of landscape recognised on aerial photographs and mapped to define areas of similar terrain with a similar environment. Breaks of slope often form the major boundaries both between and within land systems. They can be usefully mapped from aerial photographs even if their significance can only be deduced after ground investigation. Many of the characteristics of land systems can be appreciated from aerial photographs and measurements made on the photographs can improve their quantitative description.
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  • 21
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    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @photogrammetric record 5 (1967), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1477-9730
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: A method of slotted templet triangulation is described in which the authors have used photographs printed on a stable base as the templets. The advantages, disadvantages and possibilities of the method are discussed.
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  • 22
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    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @photogrammetric record 6 (1969), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1477-9730
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: The paper gives, for a large number of cases, numerical errors due to using approximate, first-order, formulae for correcting x-parallaxes for tilt. The figures show that the errors are considerably smaller than might be expected. It is also shown that the root mean square of the four tilts of a pair of pictures is a reliable measure from which the effect of tilt on heights can be estimated with some confidence.
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  • 23
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    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @photogrammetric record 6 (1969), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1477-9730
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  • 24
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    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @photogrammetric record 6 (1969), S. 0 
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  • 25
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    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @photogrammetric record 6 (1969), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1477-9730
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  • 26
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    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @photogrammetric record 6 (1969), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1477-9730
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Research work is being undertaken by the Department of Orthodontics at Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, which involves studying the growth of children's faces in three dimensions. In evaluating the morphology of soft tissues, the advantages offered by photogrammetry have been recognised and this paper describes how the technique has been put into practice at the hospital where a stereometric instrument, equally suitable for use as a camera or as a projection plotter, has been constructed.
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  • 27
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    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @photogrammetric record 6 (1969), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1477-9730
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  • 28
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    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @photogrammetric record 6 (1969), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1477-9730
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    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
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  • 29
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    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @photogrammetric record 6 (1968), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1477-9730
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: The history of the Argentine-Chile frontier is briefly reviewed. The paper then describes the photogrammetric and land-surveying work that formed part of the recent settlement of a section of the frontier, that was referred to the British Government for arbitration.
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  • 30
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    The @photogrammetric record 6 (1968), S. 0 
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  • 31
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    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @photogrammetric record 6 (1968), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1477-9730
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Topics of immediate practical interest formed the basis of the Address. Particular emphasis was placed upon problems of point transfer, pre-marking of ground control points, aerial triangulation by observation of independent models, and the status of photogrammetric operators.
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  • 32
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    The @photogrammetric record 6 (1968), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1477-9730
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: The article describes a method of strip aerial triangulation using the Wild B8 plotter. The principal feature of the method is the transfer of exterior orientation of a camera by measurement of outer orientation parallel to successive airbases.
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  • 33
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    The @photogrammetric record 6 (1968), S. 0 
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  • 34
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    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @photogrammetric record 6 (1968), S. 0 
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  • 35
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    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @photogrammetric record 5 (1967), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1477-9730
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: After a brief review of the history of the orthophoto mapping process and its methods, the paper describes the automatic production of orthophotographs in the BS-Stereomat. Technical details, especially of the electronics of the instrument, are given. The range of applications of an orthophoto is discussed, as well as the method's limitations.
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  • 36
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    The @photogrammetric record 6 (1969), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Equipment manufactured in connexion with the special applications of photogrammetry has developed from very early designs, often with remarkably few changes. The first section of the paper traces this evolution up to the present time.Architectural photogrammetry has been, since Meydenbauer, one of the most important of these special applications and the second part describes some recent work of this type in England and Jordan.
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  • 37
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    The @photogrammetric record 6 (1969), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: The problem of incorporating airborne auxiliary data into an aerial triangulation block adjustment is considered. The conclusion is reached that this problem can be most readily solved by the use of a fully rigorous adjustment method. The first order adjustment equations for all types of airborne auxiliary control are developed and the method of incorporating these equations into the block solution is demonstrated. The general computing problems of the aerial triangulation block adjustment are briefly discussed and a method outlined for the incorporation of tie strips, at any angle across the block, into the adjustment without unduly increasing the storage requirements for the solution. The problem of correctly weighting the different types of available data is discussed. The paper concludes with a demonstration of the improved accuracy possible if precise aerial triangulation data are combined with apparently crude absolute airborne data.
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  • 38
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    The @photogrammetric record 5 (1966), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1477-9730
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: The author explains one of the chief problems, the composition of a survey aircraft navigation system, facing Commission I of the International Society for Photogrammetry. The tasks to be accomplished by such a system are outlined, and some of the alternative equipment available to carry out the various aspects of this work are discussed.
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  • 39
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    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @photogrammetric record 5 (1966), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: It is well known that there exists a “danger cylinder” for space resection, analogous to the “danger circle” in the plane, on which the resection is unstable. This paper shows how the existence of this surface may be detected and draws attention to the way in which the instability differs from that in the plane.
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  • 40
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    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @photogrammetric record 5 (1965), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: A successful attempt has been made to produce design plans of large chemical plant using photogrammetric techniques, and involving the development and modification of cameras and plotting equipment. Photogrammetry has provided a solution to a problem which could not easily be solved by direct methods.
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  • 41
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    The @photogrammetric record 5 (1965), S. 0 
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    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Book reviews in this article:PROCEEDINGS OF THE SECOND NATIONAL CONFERENCE OF SOUTH AFRICAN SURVEYORS, FEBRUARY 1964. Edited by G. H. Menzies et al.
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  • 42
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    The @photogrammetric record 5 (1965), S. 0 
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    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Four authors review the activities of the seven Commissions of the I.S.P. at the Xth International Congress, Lisbon, 1964.
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  • 43
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  • 44
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  • 45
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  • 46
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    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: This paper discusses a simple method of computing independent strips under certain reasonable approximations. It is shown that, if the method is regarded as if it were computation by polynomials, the order of the polynomial is decided by the nature of the control provided and not by the number of controlled models. This conclusion should throw some light on the vexed (and perennial) problem of the choice of orders for polynomials.
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  • 47
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    The @photogrammetric record 5 (1966), S. 0 
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    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: An attempt is made to review the factors affecting the use of colour photography in photogrammetry and photo-interpretation. Examples of current practice and results of comparative tests are quoted, as well as the advantages and deficiencies of the various materials available.
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  • 48
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    The @photogrammetric record 5 (1966), S. 0 
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    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: During the summer of 1965, colour, false colour, infra-red and panchromatic photography was flown of the Breidamerkur Glacier area in south-east Iceland. Subsequent comparative interpretation studies of the film types have indicated that colour photography is superior for the interpretation of glacierized† areas. This is attributed to brightness qualities and a continuous colour tone range, which, in this instance, closely matched visual representation of ground objects.The false colour film, due to the striking tonal qualities of vegetation and moisture, is considered best for studies involving the delimitation of these features. Panchromatic film appears to be satisfactory for general interpretation work, particularly where the utmost in definition is called for. The infra-red film, because of the dark tones produced by gravels and the subsequent high contrasts between ice and gravel debris on the ice surface, is considered a poor choice for the interpretation of glacierized areas.
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  • 49
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    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
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  • 50
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    The @photogrammetric record 5 (1966), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: This paper gives convenient formulae for numerical relative orientation for use with instruments in which the Y-parallax may be accurately measured.
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  • 51
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  • 52
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    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Rather than rely on laboratory calibration, test fields have been established in Sweden to enable photography from a tower or aircraft, and so simulate as nearly as possible actual operational conditions. Repeated experiments, followed by analysis of photography, and the application of statistical tests, have allowed the geometrical quality of the aerial photograph to be assessed, and systematic and irregular errors to be distinguished.
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: It does not seem to be widely recognised that the solution of the space resection problem from measurements made on a single photograph of three ground control points is not unique. There are, in general, four solutions, so that either the camera orientation must be approximately known (as is the case for near vertical photography) or extra control must be used to discriminate between these solutions. The iterative solution commonly used will only yield one solution, which will be correct if the photography is nearly vertical, but which is liable to be wrong in the general case. An explicit solution is therefore preferred since all solutions may be examined in the light of such extra control as is available. This paper gives a method for such a solution and shows how the discrimination should be used. The paper goes on to derive a method of adjusting the result to redundant control by least squares.
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    ISSN: 1477-9730
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    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
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  • 55
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    ISSN: 1477-9730
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    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
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  • 56
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    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 13 (1966), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1550-7408
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    Topics: Biology
    Notes: SYNOPSIS. In cultures of Trypanosoma conorhini the authors have detected “cyst-like bodies” (CLBs) that, in the initial phase, have the appearance of 2 or more overgrown crithidiae fused together; after disorganization of the internal structure of the parent flagellates and division of their organelles, new crithidiae are formed within the CLB. The wall of the CLB consists of an irregularly thick layer of cytoplasm surrounded by the periplast of the parent flagellates and a true cystic membrane is not evident. The daughter crithidiae eventually escape from the CLB leaving the periplast and other residues of the parent flagellates. It is suggested that this represents a method of reproduction entirely different from binary or multiple fission, that is probably common to other trypanosomes of the Section STERCORARIA, and that it may provide for genetic exchange even if it is not a true sexual process.
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  • 57
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    Topics: Biology
    Notes: SYNOPSIS. During conjugation of Kahlia the micronuclei divide 3 times before synkaryon formation and 2 times thereafter. The 1st division is heterotypic, as in other ciliates, in that it is characterized by the parachute stage. Following this stage, 24 to 26 bivalents and 4 to 8 univalents appear in the micronuclear area. When the bivalents move to organize the metaphase plate, the univalents lag behind and fail to reach the equatorial region at the same time. Due to this irregular behavior of the univalents there is no distinct metaphase in the first meiotic division. A few meiotic irregularities including the breakdown of the spindle apparatus have been observed. During the breakdown of the spindle apparatus the chromosomes fuse into irregular bodies which resemble the chromosome aggregates observed during the somatic divisions. Generally 1, and rarely more, of the products of the 1st division enter the 2nd division. The spindles of this division are oriented parallel to the long axis of the cell, and 1 of the daughter nuclei reaches the partition membrane separating the conjugants. This nucleus alone undergoes the 3rd division, resulting in the formation of gametic nuclei. Reciprocal exchange and fusion of the gametic nuclei result in the synkaryon formation. The synkaryon divides twice in rapid succession resulting in 4 daughter nuclei; 1 of them degenerates and 2 condense and become functional micronuclei. The chromosomes of the remaining daughter nucleus resemble in size and number the bivalents of the 1st meiotic division. They become polytenic and then reproduce to give rise to the polyploid macronucleus. The development of the macronucleus has been traced from a single diploid set of chromosomes and no evidence has been found for the formation of genetic “subnuclei.” During the early stages of the development of the macronuclear anlage, somatic pairing forces keep the homologs together, while in the later stages these forces cease to exert influence. While these changes are in progress the old macronucleus; breaks up into small irregular polymorphic bodies which are scattered throughout in the cytoplasm. The exconjugants usually encyst and the cysts are not favorable for detailed cytologic study.
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  • 58
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    Topics: Biology
    Notes: SYNOPSIS. In young first generation schizonts of E. bovis, the nuclei appeared to have a random distribution. In calves killed 8 days after inoculation some of the schizonts had the nuclei arranged in a single layer at the periphery, with a few infoldings of this layer into the interior. In further development, such ingrowths of the nuclear layer resulted in the formation of compartments of varying size. In schizonts of calves killed 12 days after inoculation spherical or ellipsoidal bodies (blastophores), about 5–20 μ in diameter with a single peripheral layer of nuclei were formed. Merozoites developed as radial outgrowths from the blastophores, leaving residual bodies of variable size, which later disappeared. The response of the host cell to the presence of the schizont was characterized by marked growth of both the nucleus and cytoplasm. The nucleolus became greatly enlarged, and the chromatin was distributed in relatively fine granules. In the host cell cytoplasm, 2 concentric layers were observed; the inner was more dense than the outer. After growth of the schizont was completed its host cell was stretched into a thin covering layer about 1 μ thick. In some schizonts, the host cell disintegrated, and the schizont was then invaded by eosinophils, macrophages and other cells, which eventually destroyed the merozoites.
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  • 59
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    Topics: Biology
    Notes: SYNOPSIS. Blood smears from 133 Rio Grande wild turkeys Meleagridis gallopavo intermedia live-trapped in the Welder Wildlife Refuge in south Texas, were examined for blood parasites. All of the 63 immature turkeys and 63% of the 70 adult turkeys were infected with Haemoproteus meleagridis. The infections were light, half the cases having less than 5 infected cells per 10,000 red blood cells. Infection with H. meleagridis caused significant enlargement of the host RBC. Other parasites specifically searched for but not found were Leucocytozoon, Trypanosoma, Plasmodium and microfilariae.
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  • 60
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    Topics: Biology
    Notes: SYNOPSIS. The fine structure of the tomite stage of Hyalophysa chattoni was examined with particular attention to its kinetal apparatus.The pellicle, thick and dense compared with that of other ciliates, is formed of three layers. The inner layer is composed of short fibrils oriented perpendicular to the surface.The cytoplasm around the oral passage and beneath falciform field 8 is crowded with dense inclusion bodies of unknown function. Dorsal to the oral passage is the rosette, a disc-shaped organelle subdivided by septa in the form of incomplete radii about a central chamber containing a tuft of cilia. The septa are composed of 3 membranes enclosing a fine layer of cytoplasm. At their inner ends 20 mμ fibers run dorsally and ventrally. Dense clumps of fibrous material line the luminal surface of the septa.Rows of fusiform trichocysts parallel the kineties. The trichocysts are composed of a finely periodic, moderately electron-dense material surrounded by 20 mμ fibrils oriented along the long axis of the trichocyst. Between and below the kinetosomes and the rows of trichocysts are electron-dense vesicles 300 mμ in diameter and bounded by a loose membrane. The large “trichocysts,” the “gros trichocystes” of Chatton and Lwoff, whose appearance heralds the beginnings of trichocystogenesis, prove to be canaliculi opening to the surface.Four separate ciliary membrane systems—the oral ciliature (XYZ), falciform field 8, falciform field 9, and the ogival field—are located on the ventral surface of the tomite. Each differs from the others and from the somatic kineties in the fibrillar organization around its kinetosomes.In the somatic kineties the kinetodesmos is a dense, periodic fiber which is formed of stacks of up to 18 subfibers, each arising from the base of a kinetosome. The kinetosomes are short (300 mμ) and contain dense central granules. In some kineties, alternating between the kinetosomes, are elliptical kinetosome-like structures which do not bear cilia and perhaps provide a reservoir of kinetosomes for future growth of the kinety.
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  • 61
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    Topics: Biology
    Notes: SYNOPSIS. The life cycle of the true slime mold Physarum polycephalum includes 2 vegetative stages: the multinucleate coenocytic plasmodium and the uninucleate amoeba. A clone of amoebae established from a single spore does not normally yield plasmodia. Plasmodia are formed when amoebae from particular clones are mixed; thus plasmodium formation is said to be controlled by a ‘mating-type’ system.Previous work by the author with a sample of P. polycephalum derived from a single source revealed that 2 mating types were present and were determined by a pair of alleles at 1 locus. The present paper reveals the presence of 2 more mating types in a sample of P. polycephalum derived from a different source and provides evidence that these are determined by 2 alleles at the same locus as the other 2.Evidence for the presence of other inherited factors affecting plasmodium formation, the mode of action of these factors and possible explanations for the occurrence of plasmodia in single-spore cultures are also discussed.
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  • 62
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    Topics: Biology
    Notes: SYNOPSIS. Transection and regeneration of Blepharisma intermedium initiate complex macronuclear activity and micronuclear division. Reversible condensation of the macronucleus is achieved by contraction which involves primary and secondary coiling. Primary coiling, evident in vegetative cells, is enhanced by pronounced constriction of the macronuclear extremities during regeneration. Secondary coiling is restricted to the period of contraction and is initiated at the ends of the mauonucleus. Condensation terminates the coiling processes and gives rise to an amorphous structure. Re-elongation of the macronucleus is not followed immediately by coiling. Micronuclear division begins early in regeneration, but the peak of visible activity is not reached until the 3rd through 5th hours.
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    Topics: Biology
    Notes: SYNOPSIS. Lipids in aging cultures of Tetrakymena pyriformis were extracted at various times after inoculation, purified, and weighed or chromatographed on thin layers of silica gel. The total cellular lipid increased throughout logarithmic and early stationary phases but decreased sharply after 72 hr. The amount of one lipid class, probably the triglycerides, followed the same trends. It may be a cellular reserve.
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  • 64
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    Topics: Biology
    Notes: SYNOPSIS. Rearing of cockroaches without sporozoan parasites of the Malpighian tubules permitted the 1st experimental infections reported for these organisms as well as study of the intracellular early stages of infection. Infectivity tests show that the route of invasion is peroral rather than transovarian; that fresh spores obtained from either the Malpighian tubules or the hindgut are infective; that fresh spores held in aqueous suspension for 36 hr are not infective; that all ages and both sexes of cockroaches are susceptible, although older cockroaches are more readily infected experimentally; that a single peroral dose of a few hundred spores is sufficient to produce infection; that the earliest signs of progressive infection in the Malpighian tubules appear 15 days after ingestion of spores; and that the infection, spread mainly by schizogony, is well established by 23 days. Spores are acid-fast. The PAS-positive spore membrane is not dissolved by 20-min treatment with hot KOH, but tests for chitin were inconclusive. The life history of the parasite is described. “Encapsulation” of the parasite has been observed. Electron microscope studies, the first reported for the class Haplosporea, show similarities of the cytoplasmic structure of this haplosporidian with that of some members of the sporozoan class Telosporea, though no specialized structures were seen. Finding of intracellular stages together with failure of interspecific infection attempts suggest that the microorganism should be placed in the genus Nephridiophaga Ivanic, 1937 with the specific name blattellae Crawley, 1905.
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    Notes: SYNOPSIS. A centrifugation procedure for removing Tetrahymena from mass cultures is described. This method offers the following advantages: (a) inexpensive apparatus, (b) the short period of time required for harvesting large numbers of cells, (c) lack of cellular damage, (d) the ability to obtain proven dilution with regard to the culture fluid, (e) nearly quantitative recovery of the cells, and (f) the ease of assembling and disassembling the apparatus for cleaning.
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  • 66
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    Topics: Biology
    Notes: SYNOPSIS. Monocercomonas molae from the hindgut of the sunfish Mola mola is described. The host was taken from southern California coastal waters in October, 1964. The body of the flagellate is 8.0 × 10.7 microns. A single basal granule complex gives rise to 4 flagella, one of which is recurrent. The axostyle is relatively stout, with argentophilic granules, and possesses a periaxostylar ring. The capitulum of the axostyle continues into the sickle-shaped pelta, and the parabasal body is rod-shaped or lobed and roughly triangular in cross-section.
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  • 67
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    Topics: Biology
    Notes: SYNOPSIS. The complete life history of a homothallic, dioecious strain of Volvox aureus was studied in axenic culture. Asexual reproduction occurs by repeated division of specialized reproductive cells (gonidia), inversion of the resultant mass of cells to form daughter colonies, and subsequent morphologic differentiation of new gonidia in these daughters. Male colonies lack gonidia; however, the posterior 2/3 of the cells in a colony function as male initials each of which enlarges, divides, and undergoes rudimentary inversion to form a packet of 32 biflagellate sperm. Evidence was presented for the homology of eggs and undivided gonidia. The penetration of young vegetative colonies by sperm and the subsequent formation of apparent zygotes in these colonies was described and figured. Zygote germination, including division and inversion of the germling, was described; the cytological nature of the zygote divisions was not determined.A substance, MIS, in filtrates of sexual cultures induced differentiation of male colonies; a bioassay for it was perfected. Bioassay colonies show a differential susceptibility to male induction by MIS which is a function of the particular stage of development; colonies 48 hr after release from parentals are optimally susceptible. MIS was reasonably stable to heat, non-dialyzable, and Sephadex gel filtration indicated a molecular weight 〉 200,000. MIS activity is destroyed by trypsin and pronase but is unaffected by chymotrypsin. MIS was successfully concentrated ∼37-fold by the Carbowax method. The patterns of differentiation in other species of Volvox are described and possibilities discussed for studies of cellular differentiation in the genus as a whole.
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    Notes: SYNOPSIS. Haemogregarina faiyumensis n. sp., a parasite of toads, Bufo regularis, in Faiyuni Province, Egypt, U.A.R., is described. In a survey of 689 toads from various localities in Cairo, Giza and Faiyurn provinces, only 3 out of 13 toads from Kom O Shim near Faiyum were infected. This species, known only by blood forms (most probably gametocytes) of two different staining reactions, is 13-17 μ long and 4-5 μ wide, with an average of 15.5 × 4.5 μ. The nucleus is typically subcircular and 3-5 × 3–5 μ, with an average of 4.5 × 3.9 μ.
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  • 69
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    Notes: SYNOPSIS. Haemogregarina boueti França, 1910, was found to be the commonest blood parasite in the common toad, Bufo regularis Reuss, in Egypt. The rate of infection was about 30% (of 689 toads examined).In properly fixed blood films, the parasites were almost exclusively intraerythrocytic. Most characteristic was the encapsulated “elongate” form averaging 22.3 by 6 μ with a more-or-less central nucleus and a pointed, slightly bent, posterior end. Infected red cells were conspicuously hypertrophied and their nuclei were markedly displaced and frequently broken into 2-4 parts.Young and growing blood forms as well as two types of hepatic schizonts are described for the first time.Schizonts of the first type develop in hepatic cells, are 28–30 μ in diameter and produce numerous elongate oval merozoites about 8 × 2.2 μ radially arranged around a residual body about 10 μ in diameter.Schizonts of the second type start their growth in erythrocytes but later complete their development as free bodies in the liver sinusoids. When mature, they are 32–35 μ in diameter and produce a larger number of thin merozoites about 8 × 1.5 μ, surrounding a larger residual body about 19 μ in diameter.
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  • 70
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    Notes: SYNOPSIS. Haemogregarina pestanae França, 1910, is apparently rare in Egypt, having been found in 1 toad Bufo regularis Reuss out of 689 examined. Capsulated capped, young thin, and young and advanced broad forms were present in the peripheral blood. Schizogony occurred in the liver. Two types of schizonts were present—macroschizonts producing 150 or more elongate oval merozoites surrounding a large residual body, and microschizonts producing 60 or less banana-shaped merozoites often radiating from a small, eccentric residual body.Merozoites of the first type developed into a large broad form representing early schizonts of the second type. The latter developed into thin young intraerythrocytic forms and apparently later into encapsulated capped gametocytes. H. pestanae, H. aegyptia and H. tunisiensis all occur in toads (Bufo regularis for the first two, and B. mauritanicus for the third), and produce characteristic encapsulated looped gametocytes in peripheral blood. The capsules contain dark-staining material condensed into a single well-developed cap in H. aegyptia and 1 or 2 much smaller caps in H. pestanae; this material is scattered regularly around the parasite in H. tunisiensis. The capsule of H. pestanae is more or less cylindrical along most of its length, more slender and slightly shorter than the regularly oval capsule of H. tunisiensis or the spindle- or egg-shaped capsule of H. aegyptia.
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    Notes: SYNOPSIS. Spathidium spathula irradiated with 0 to 55 kr of × rays showed one or more of the following kinds of behavior: (1) Death of an undivided cell (primary death); (2) death of a descendant of an irradiated cell (secondary death); (3) permanent injury including one or more of the following: low daily division rate, excessive macronuclear enlargement, total loss of micronuclei, cytostome replication, heavy pigmentation, and decreased motility; (4) temporary division retardation for 1 to 2 days followed by apparent complete recovery; and (5) no apparent injury. The first 3 kinds of behavior increased with increasing dosage from 15 to 25 to 55 kr. At 6 kr only the last 2 categories were observed. The LD50 for 8 days was 46 kr for both primary and secondary death, or 60 kr for primary death alone.Micronuclear number varied greatly following irradiation in lines showing either permanent or temporary injury. Two different responses occurred: (1) The micronuclear number averaged about twice the normal number of 20 with a large range (0 to 360) 1 day after exposure. The number gradually decreased during the next 2 days; (2) some cells lost all micronuclei following irradiation, the incidence increasing with dose. At 55 kr complete loss of micronuclei occurred in 96% of the surviving lines.
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    Notes: SYNOPSIS. Exchange of cytoplasm in Tetrahymena pyriformis, syngen 1, has been demonstrated by growing cells of 1 mating type in medium supplemented with H3-uridine or H3-histidine, washing, mixing with cells of an unlabeled, starved mating type, sampling conjugants at different times, and preparing autoradiographs. It was found that cytoplasmic interchange begins soon after the mates unite, and has become extensive before the end of the 1st prezygotic prophase (micronuclear crescent stage). When the RNA in one mating type had been labeled with H3-uridine, the activity was distributed almost evenly between the mates by late stages of conjugation. These results are consistent with electron micrographs of this syngen showing small pores in the attachment region of the mates, and many free ribosomes in the cytoplasm (8,11). By contrast, when protein in one mating type had been labeled with H3-histidine, these cells at late conjugation remained about twice as active as their originally unlabeled mates, presumably because of the physical characteristics of some structures which incorporated the amino acid (for example, cilia and membranes of the cell surface; cytoplasmic bodies, such as mitochondria, larger than the pores). That the radioactivity in the originally unlabeled cells came from their mates and not from the environment is indicated by the continued presence of inactive non-conjugants after 1 and 2 days in the mating type mixtures. Other cells which did acquire small amounts of active cytoplasm probably had engaged in abortive conjugation, separating from labeled mates before forming and exchanging pronuclei.
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    Notes: SYNOPSIS. A major difference in heme content was found between leishmanias and leptomonads of Leishmania donovani. When tested with a fluorescence method for heme, leishmanias gave a negative response whereas leptomonads fluoresced brightly. Studies on the terminal respiration of L. tarentolae leptomonads by absorption spectra assay and respiratory inhibitors indicated the presence of cytochromes. Lactic dehydrogenase could not be detected in the leptomonad stage nor could it be found in any other hemoflagellate culture form tested.
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    Notes: SYNOPSIS. The fine structure of various stages in the life cycle of Theileria parva is described. The appearance of the parasites suggests that there may be a double macroschizogony cycle. Micromerozoites are produced by a process of budding off from the body, known in light microscopy preparations as the residual body.
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    Notes: SYNOPSIS. A pure strain of Eimeria debliecki (University of Illinois strain A) established from a single oocyst was used to determine the endogenous cycle. Young parasite-free pigs 2 weeks to 3 months old were used throughout the study.The endogenous cycle was found to take place in the small intestine where the parasites were located in the distal portion of the striated simple columnar epithelial cells of the villi. The first generation schizonts were found in only the jejunum (15% of small intestine). The second generation schizonts and gametes occurred in the jejunum and ileum (70% of small intestine), a slight posterior progression occurring with each stage. The entire cycle required 6.5 days.The schizogonous cycle comprised 2 generations. The first generation schizonts required 2.5 days to reach maturity, measured 8-12 μ, contained 16 merozoites measuring 12-15 μ and had a polar residual mass. The second generation schizonts required 2 days to reach maturity, measured 13-16 μ, contained 32 rotund merozoites measuring 6–8 μ, and had only a few granules of residual material.Gametogony took place in 1.5 days. The macrogametes measured 12-16 μ, and the microgametocytes measured 9-14 μ with microgametes measuring 5–6 μ.
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    Notes: SYNOPSIS. Trypanosomatid-free plants of the family Asclepiadaceae identified as Asclepias syriaca, A. curassavica, A. incarnata, Stephanotis floribunda, Seutera maritima, Amphistelma scoparia and plants of the family Euphorbiaceae identified as Euphorbia tirucalli, E. trigona, and Pedilanthus tithymaloides were exposed to the bite of the bug, Oncopeltus fasciatus, infected with Phytomonas elmassiani, a flagellate which occurs naturally in A. syriaca and O. fasciatus. Two weeks subsequent to exposure to laboratory-infected oncopeltids all the experimental Asclepiadaceae were infected. The mean length of the protozoa varied depending on the host plant. The flagellates in A. syriaca, A. curassavica, and A. incarnata were shorter than those in S. floribunda, S. maritima, and A. scoparia.None of the Euphorbiaceae became infected.
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    Notes: SYNOPSIS. The mechanism of Prymnesium parvum ichthyotoxicity was studied in immersed minnows (Gambusia affinis) in the presence of various synergists (especially polyamines and invert soaps) and under varying conditions of pH and salinity. The effect of immersion in toxin-synergist solution on permeability of gill tissues to trypan blue and to radioactive substances, e.g., I125 and radio-iodinated albumin, was established. Fish sensitivity to various toxic substances was increased after immersion for short periods in suitable toxinsynergist solutions. This sensitivity, as well as the increased permeability of gill tissue, was transient and disappeared when fish were stored in tap water for several hours after the toxin-synergist treatment. Good correlation was found between the conditions (synergist quality and concentration, pH, salinity) leading to P. parvum ichthyotoxicity and conditions instrumental in increased gill permeability and toxin sensitivity. The primary site of damage is concluded to be the gill membrane.
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  • 78
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    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 13 (1966), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1550-7408
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: SYNOPSIS. Tetratrichomonas gallinarum was found in the blood of 3 chickens experimentally infected with Borrelia anserina. The blood infection was successfully reproduced in healthy chickens and was accompanied by evidence that the trichomonads multiplied in the blood, ingested red blood cells, and were themselves phagocytized by leucocytes. T. gallinarum was maintained in serial passage in chicken embryos as well as in the usual trichomonad culture media.
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  • 79
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    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 13 (1966), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: SYNOPSIS. Schwartz identified a protozoan, parasite of the marine fish Leiostomus xanthurus as a haplosporidian belonging to genus Ichthyosporidium Caullery and Mesnil, 1905. Now, a coiled polar filament in the spore of that organism has been clearly recognized in certain PAS preparations which were used in the original study. The parasite is, therefore, a microsporidian rather than a haplosporidian. The generic characters of this and other protozoans still in genus Ichthyosporidium need further study.
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  • 80
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    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 13 (1966), S. 0 
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    Topics: Biology
    Notes: SYNOPSIS. Suspensions of whole, killed ciliates were diffused against rabbit antisera for the respective strains to observe cross precipitation. The strains fell into the following groups: I. GL, H, ChS, GP, Aq, L-I, L-II, L-2, and V1; II. W, L-3, Gl-R, and V2; III. PR and F; and IV. BF and Lava. T. vorax strains V1 and V2 each resembled certain T. pyriformis strains more closely than they resembled each other. The same grouping of strains emerged in comparing antigenic suspensions and in comparing antisera and was confirmed by comparing absorption properties of antigens from the different strains.
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  • 81
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    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 13 (1966), S. 0 
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  • 82
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    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 13 (1966), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: SYNOPSIS. Two hundred and fifty-nine specimens of the sea urchins Echinometra lucunter (201), Diadema antillarum (52), Tripneustes ventricosus (5) and Eucidaris tribuloides (1), collected on the littoral of the Federal District of Venezuela, were examined for intestinal ciliates.Iron hematoxylin and silver-impregnation staining technics permitted determination of eight of the nine ciliates found: Anophrys aglycus, A. elongata, Cohnilembus caeci, Biggaria bermudensis, B. echinometris, Cyclidium rhabdotectum, Metopus circumlabens and M. rotundus. An unidentified species of Euplotes was also found.
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  • 83
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    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 13 (1966), S. 0 
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    Topics: Biology
    Notes: SYNOPSIS. The firm union of the shells of adult Gromia oviformis in plastogamous pairs is followed by gametogenesis and fertilization with the production of distinctive fusiform zygotes that undergo further transformation into amoebulae initially having hyaline radiate pseudopodia. The amoebulae emerge from the parental shells and probably initiate the asexual phase of the life cycle.
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  • 84
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    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 13 (1966), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: SYNOPSIS. The establishment of Eimeria acervulina sporozoites in the duodenal glands of Lieberkühn of the chicken is described. Sporozoites were found to enter the tips of the villi and pass into the lamina propria, or core, of the villus. Within the lamina propria, sporozoites were engulfed by macrophages and taken to the glandular epithelium.Data are presented which indicate that macrophages serve as a defense against infection as well as a mode of transportation.
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  • 85
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    Topics: Biology
    Notes: SYNOPSIS. Electron microscope observations of a strain of Labyrinthula indicate that the spindle cells glide within a collapsible slime tube rather than on top of it. These slimeways are clearly extracellular, partly covered with membranes, and consist of an amorphous matrix encrusted with many small vesicular elements.
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  • 86
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    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 13 (1966), S. 0 
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    Topics: Biology
    Notes: SYNOPSIS. Thirty-one stocks of a marine ciliate, Euplotes minuta Yocom, collected from different localities, can be grouped in seven mating types. True pairs are formed only in mixtures of stocks belonging to different mating types. No selfing pairs or intraclonal conjugation have ever been observed. Synclonal inheritance of mating types is the rule, although about 10% of pairs show clonal inheritance. The latter can be explained by assuming syncaryon formation through cytogamy or through caryogamy of pronuclei derived from different products of meiosis. Mating type determination is due to 7 alleles at the single locus mt. There is complete dominance among the 7 alleles which can be orderly seriated, as shown in Table 3, according to their dominance relationship. The 5 stocks, and only these 5, of mating type VII have the autogamy trait. The mortality rate in F1 and F2 is very low–a maximum of 10%; however, the F2'S obtained by autogamy from F1 progenies in which mating type VII is involved have a very high mortality rate. The two facts (high mortality rate in F2 and strict association of autogamy trait with mating type VII in natural populations) have been considered as evidences of a probable isolation mechanism existing between mating type VII and the other 6 mating types. Thus, the 7 mating types have been assigned to the same syngen only tentatively.
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  • 87
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    Topics: Biology
    Notes: SYNOPSIS. Sporozoites of Lankesterella hylae were found in 12 of 13 green tree frogs (Hyla caerulea) from Gin Gin, Queensland. The intraerythrocytic sporozoites had two pale-staining vacuoles at the poles of the nucleus and frequently a dome-like protuberance on the concavity of the crescentic protozoon.Motility was observed in free but not intracellular sporozoites in fresh blood. Locomotion was of a gliding nature, though in addition parasites flexed and extended, and a peristaltic constriction passed backwards along the body of two. One parasite entered and emerged from a red cell, the erythrocyte playing a passive role.All stages of sporogony were observed in liver smears from a debilitated frog. In araldite sections of the small intestine of another frog, parasites were found in the vacuoles within unidentified cells in the lamina propria, thus suggesting that the parasite's point of entry is possibly the alimentary tract.
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  • 88
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    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 13 (1966), S. 0 
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    Topics: Biology
    Notes: SYNOPSIS. Some of the serotypes in Paramecium caudatum are described in this paper. Immobilization antigens of P. caudatum have been obtained by extracting paramecia in a dilute salt solution containing 15% alcohol. Immobilization antigen F from stock 162 has been isolated and has a sedimentation coefficient of 9.3 Svedbergs, diffusion coefficient of 2.3 × 10-7 cm/sec, and molecular weight of approximately 340,000.
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  • 89
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    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 13 (1966), S. 0 
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    Topics: Biology
    Notes: SYNOPSIS. Two species of Isospora are described from Chloris chloris with the additional hosts Passer domesticus and Fringilla coelebs. I. lacazei Labbé has spherical oocysts measuring 16.6 to 30.0 μ; the oocyst wall is colorless and smooth, consisting of a thick layer and, in the majority of oocysts, an inner thin membrane. Stages of the life cycle in the epithelial cells of the duodenum are described. The internal stages consist of first and late generation schizonts which produce merozoites without any residual body, spindle-shaped microgametes and macrogametes without obvious “plastic granules.” The oocysts of I. chloridis sp. n. have colorless, smooth surfaced walls of one thick layer. They are ellipsoidal, measuring 17.2-33.2 μ× 16.6-30.0 μ. The internal stages of this species infect the epithelial cells of the small intestine in the same region as I. lacazei. They produce 2 generations of schizonts, consisting of merozoites and a residuum; microgametes are comma-shaped and macrogametes have obvious “plastic granules.”
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  • 90
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    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 13 (1966), S. 0 
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    Topics: Biology
    Notes: SYNOPSIS. Blood and tissue smears from 156 yellow-billed magpies showed infection with hematozoa in 154 (99%). Leucocytozoon berestneffi was found in 149 (96%), Haemoproteus picae in 40 (26%), Plasmodium relictum, in 32 (21%), Trypanosoma sp. in 3 (2%), and microfilariae in 42 (27%). Fifty-two birds were infected with two genera of parasites, 27 with 3, and 4 with 4. Leucocytozoon, Plasmodium and microfilariae showed a higher incidence in tissue than in blood smears.
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  • 91
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    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 13 (1966), S. 0 
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    Topics: Biology
    Notes: SYNOPSIS. Monolayers of cells of coverslips were produced by culturing known numbers of trypsinized chick cells in growth medium (solution 199 plus 20% calf serum) at 37 C for 2 days. The fluid was then replaced with maintenance medium (solution 199 plus 5% calf serum) containing various known numbers of T. cruzi and the preparations were incubated at 33 C for 5 days; fresh maintenance medium was substituted on the 2nd or 3rd day. The inocula of parasites were obtained from T. cruzi-cell cultures, supplemented with 2% sterile NNN overlay, or from NNN cultures.The numbers of extracellular parasites, proportions of infected cells, and percentage distribution of infected cells relative to the number of intracellular leishmanial bodies were determined on days 2 or 3 and 5 of parasite cultivation in many experiments. Analyses of the data gave the following results. Extracellular parasites increased 2- to 14-fold during the first 2 or 3 days, depending upon the source and size of the inocula, and 10- to 20-fold during the last 2 or 3 days. Cell infection continued throughout incubation at daily rates of 1.4-4.5%; 8-22% of the cells became infected during the 5 days of incubation. Intracellular growth was reflected most clearly by increases in the proportion of cells having 〉10 leishmanial bodies. This increase was about 5% daily during the last 2 or 3 days of incubation.A useful test procedure for assessing the antiparasitic action and chick embryo cell toxicity of drugs is illustrated by data obtained with furazolidone and tris (p-aminophenyl)carbonium chloride.
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  • 92
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    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 13 (1966), S. 0 
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    Topics: Biology
    Notes: SYNOPSIS. Tetrahymena pyriformis strains E, A-136 31C and IMT II survived freezing in 10% dimethylsulfoxide when the temperature was lowered to freezing at 4.5 C/min. Survival was then obtained for at least 128 days by lowering the temperature rapidly to 95°C. Of the 3 strains, T. pyriformis IMT II was most resistant to the effects of freezing. Its volume averaged about half that of either of the other strains and may have contributed to the differences in survival. In addition to differences among strains, a medium relatively low in the concentration of nutrients, a culture nearing peak population, and a rate of cooling of 4.5 C/min, all gave best survival. Paramecium aurelia regained motility after being frozen in 6 to 7.5% dimethylsulfoxide for as long as 7 days at either –27 or –196 C, but cultures were obtained only after storage for 20 min at –27 C. A concentration of 6 to 7.5% dimethyl-sulfoxide, cooling at 4.5 C/min, and culture media containing Aerobacter aerogenes or composed of a commercially available composition were all required for survival of P. aurelia.
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  • 93
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    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 12 (1965), S. 0 
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    Topics: Biology
    Notes: SYNOPSIS. Silver impregnation techniques were used to study the silverline system of three species in the genus Spirostomum. It was concluded that for those species studied in the general area of Washington, D.C., the average numbers of ciliary meridians in S. teres, S. minus and S. ambiguum are 18, 24 and 46 respectively. Seventy-six % of the measurements in S. teres and S. ambiguum and 84% of the measurements in S. minus deviate from the mean by less than 1 standard deviation.
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  • 94
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    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 12 (1965), S. 0 
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    Topics: Biology
    Notes: SYNOPSIS. Blepharisma seculum sp. nov. is described as a small-sized blepharisma with a compact, spheroid macronucleus and a distinct curvature of the body anteriorly. A comparison of this form with other species of the genus Blepharisma subgenus (Compactum) is given.
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  • 95
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    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 12 (1965), S. 0 
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    Topics: Biology
    Notes: SYNOPSIS. Lymphotropha tribolii gen. nov., sp. nov. (Neogregarinida, Schizocystidae) is described from the haemocoele of Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae). The trophozoites are large, ovoid and uninucleate with distinct longitudinal striae. Schizogony occurs in one type of cycle only, each schizont giving rise to up to 8 merozoites. Gametocytes are uninucleate when they associate. Up to 16 oocysts each with 8 sporozoites are formed in each gametocyst. The oocysts are lemon-shaped, and sporozoites emerge from the poles.The parasite causes considerable mortality in young larvae, though its pathogenicity is probably inferior to that of Farinocystis tribolii Weiser.
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  • 96
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    Topics: Biology
    Notes: SYNOPSIS. Sarcocystis garnhami n. sp. is described from an opossum, Didelphis marsupialis. Its distinguishing characters are the spiny cyst wall, 6–8 μ thick, and the size of the spores, 5.3–6.9 μ in length and 1.3–1.9 μ in breadth. Sarcocystis darlingi, Brumpt 1913 is considered Besnoitia darlingi (Brumpt, 1913) n. comb.
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  • 97
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    Topics: Biology
    Notes: SYNOPSIS. An epizoic suctorian from Gulf of Maine coastal waters, designated as Paracineta sp., is described. Morphological measurements are given for 23 small, medium, and large specimens. Mean length was 200 μ and average cell body diameter 39 μ. Of 21 copepod species and 19 zooplankton groups examined, only copepods of the genus Metridia showed any Paracineta attached. Suctorian occurrence was, with a single exception, limited to adult copepods, with the larger females showing the heaviest incidence. Differences in areal occurrence were observed with greatest incidence of Paracineta on M. lucens in the eastern and central Gulf, and lowest numbers in the western area. This differential occurrence is accredited to an apparent cold water affinity of the suctorian. It is suggested that Paracineta could be carried into the Gulf during periodic intrusions of cool Nova Scotian water, reaching the western area in the southwesterly flowing Gulf of Maine eddy system. No significant differences in vertical distribution were found in Paracineta incidence on Metridia among the depths sampled (0, 10, 30, and 60 m). No harmful effect of Paracineta on Metridia was evident.
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  • 98
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    Topics: Biology
    Notes: SYNOPSIS. The intralymphocytic stages of Theileria parva, T. lawrencei and T. annulata have been cultivated for several months in tissue cultures of bovine lymphocytes associated with baby hamster kidney cells. In established cultures the theilerial particles multiplied at about the same rate as the host cells, the percentage of infected cells and the mean number of parasite particles per cell remaining nearly constant.During mitotic division of the host cell the theilerial body becomes closely associated with the spindle fibres and is pulled apart and distributed to both daughter cells in late anaphase. The single theilerial particles (chromatin) within the theilerial body divide by binary fission; their division is not synchronous with that of the host cell.
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  • 99
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    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 12 (1965), S. 0 
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    Topics: Biology
    Notes: SYNOPSIS. A sulfolipid, isolated from the phytoflagellate, Ochromonas danica, and from its medium, constitutes over 50% of the sulfur of the cells. It is bound to protein and excreted by the phytoflagellate. When the S35-labeled sulfolipid was placed in the medium it was incorporated by the cells without cleavage of the sulfate group. Thus it passes back and forth between the growth medium and the cells.The sulfolipid has been found in O. danica, O. malhamensis, Tetrahymena pyriformis, Chlamydomonas sp., Pseudomonas sp. (sea water bacterium). It was identified in the culture medium of O. danica, O. malhamensis, Chlorella pyrenoidosa, and Streptomyces griseus. Preliminary evidence was obtained for its presence in the growth medium of white clover and sorghum.
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  • 100
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    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 12 (1965), S. 0 
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    Topics: Biology
    Notes: SYNOPSIS. The normal cycle of asexual reproduction in Euplotes eurystomus was subjected to a detailed morphological study using whole-mounted and sectioned material prepared by the method of silver impregnation. The cycle was arbitrarily divided into 7 stages (numbered 0–6) characterized by nuclear and cortical events. Particular attention was focused on the development of the oral primordium (OP), and the production of new kinetal cilia (or “dorsal bristles”).The OP is interpreted as originating from an invagination or infolding of the parental cortex, followed by considerable in situ growth and differentiation beneath the cell surface. It is suggested that differentiation beneath the parental cell surface may in some way facilitate morphogenesis of other cortical structures without necessitating dedifferentiation of the parent's buccal apparatus. During stage 6, the division constriction plays an important morphogenetic role in shaping the opisthe's buccal apparatus.During stage 4, a zone of ciliary increase (ZCI) appears in the central portion of each kinety. New kinetal cilia arise as semi-circular clusters of 1 to 9 kinetosomes flanking each old basal structure; the latter persist until the new organelles are well established. An analysis of total kinetal cilia in animals during stages 0 to 3 indicates that, while ciliary number varies according to animal size, there is no increase in cilia prior to formation of the ZCI.Several aspects of the asexual cycle in Euplotes seem to bear importantly on the more general problem of ciliate morphogenesis. The pattern or gradient concept might be useful in the analysis of factors determining primordial sites, although later development of the primordium into a specific organelle or organelle system is probably controlled by autonomous epigenetic processes that are somewhat independent of the parental cortical pattern. The hypothesis of kinetosome continuity cannot account for the origin of primordial fields in cortical regions remote from pre-existing kinetosomes, as observed in Euplotes. The initiation of morphogenetic activity on the cortex is closely correlated with, and may be causally related to, the appearance of replication bands in the macronucleus. The known metabolic significance of these bands, particularly the release of nuclear RNA, lends support to this suggestion.
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