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  • Articles  (1,779)
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd  (1,576)
  • PANGAEA
  • Annual Reviews
  • 1980-1984  (1,779)
  • Geosciences  (1,779)
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  • Articles  (1,779)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Seabirds in the Greenland, Barents and Norwegian Seas, February-April 1982 (1984)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Polar research 2 (1984), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1751-8369
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Notes: The pelagic distributions of seabirds in the Greenland, Norwegian and western Barents Seas are poorly known, especially in winter. This paper describes quantitative observations made in the course of an oceanographic cruise between 60°-79°13′N and 15°W-18°30′E from 25 February to 4 April 1982. Seabirds were generally scarce: the principal species were Fulmarus glacialis, Rissa tridactyla, Pagophila eburnea, Una spp. and Alle atle. Numbers were greatest in the south and east, where the sea surface temperatures were warmest. Pagophila eburnea and Cepphus grylle were most commonly seen near the edge of the pack-ice in the Greenland Sea. In the pack-ice zone Fulmarus glacialis and Alle alle were commonest where the sea surface was 40–60% covered with ice. These late-winter observations are compared with published accounts of summer distributions. Preliminary quantitative comparisons also suggest that the size of the population of Uria spp. wintering in the survey area, and especially in the western Barents Sea, is significantly larger than that which winters off Nova Scotia, eastern Canada; the reverse is true of Alle alle. R. G. B. Brown, Canadian Wildlife Service, Bedford Institute of Oceanography, P.O. Boxlø06, Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, Canada, B2Y 4A2.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-8369.1984.tb00482.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Jan May en Ridge: present status (1984)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Polar research 2 (1984), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1751-8369
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Notes: At present, there is no direct evidence of rocks predating the late Paleocene opening of the Norwegian-Greenland Sea on the Jan Mayen Ridge. A review of the available geophysical data, DSDP drilling results and plate tectonic reconstructions convincingly indicates a continental nature of the northern part of the ridge. On the other hand, there is still considerable uncertainty about the southern part of the ridge and its possible continuation towards Iceland. Two reflectors, A and O, have been mapped regionally. A appears to reflect an unconformity of middle Oligocene age. Most investigators have indicated that O forms a late Paleocene rift unconformity associated with the opening of the Norwegian-Greenland Sea. By analogy with the North Sea and the continental margin off Norway we propose that it should be investigated whether this reflector might be older, relating to an earlier Mesozoic regime of tension.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-8369.1984.tb00485.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
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    The Triassic ammonite Aristoptychites kolymensis (Kiparisova) from Botneheia, Spitsbergen (1984)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Polar research 2 (1984), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1751-8369
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Notes: Aristoptychites kolymensis (Kiparisova) is investigated and described in detail from collections made at Botneheia, Spitsbergen, where it occurs at the top of the Botneheia Formation (Daonella Shale). It is a rather small species and the stratigraphically highest representative of the genus in Spitsbergen. Its suture line is remarkable by its possession of the additional U.-lobes between the internal lobe and the first umbilical lobe. A lobe of this kind has so far been described only once, with Arcestes (Proarcestes) bicarinatus by Schindewolf (1968), which suggests affinities between Ptychitidae and Arcestidae.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-8369.1984.tb00486.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    SNOW-SKY AND WATER-SKY LUMINANCE AT AN ARCTIC STATION (1982)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Polar research 1982 (1982), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1751-8369
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Notes: Luminance measurements of water-sky and snow-sky were carried out at Ny-Alesund, Svalbard. The luminance of a well-developed water-sky is found to be about 40% of that of the adjacent snow-sky. Once the‘luminance level’of a comparatively pure snow-sky is reached, there is only a very slight further luminance increase towards zenith. This is in good agreement with FRITZ’theory as well as with the light conditions experienced during‘white-out’situations. By measuring the angular elevation of the border between water-sky and snow-sky and the height of the cloud base, good estimates are obtained of the distance to the corresponding border on the ground between snow surface and open water.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-8369.1982.tb00475.x
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  • 5
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    VITRINITE REFLECTANCE STUDIES OF COALS AND DISPERSED ORGANIC MATTER IN TERTIARY DEPOSITS IN THE ADVENT-DALEN AREA, SVALBARD (1982)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Polar research 1982 (1982), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1751-8369
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Notes: Vitrinite reflectance measurements on coals and dispersed organic matter in Tertiary deposits in the Adventdalen area show that there is a continuous rank increase from 'sub-bituminous C (Ro = 0.40) at the top through 950 m to‘high volatile bituminous B’(Ro = 0.70) at the base. Rank of the economically important coal horizon at the base of the Tertiary shows regional variation ranging from 'sub-bituminous B’(Ro = 0.41) to Tiigh volatile bituminous A-B’(Ro = 0.78). It is concluded that 1.0 - 1.5 km of Tertiary deposits were eroded during the postorogene uplift of Svalbard, and the area of greatest sediment accumulation migrated eastwards during deposition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-8369.1982.tb00478.x
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  • 6
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    Discovery of thermal springs in the Raudfjellet region, SW Spitsbergen (1982)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Polar research 1982 (1982), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1751-8369
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Notes: Two thermal springs were discovered in the Raudfjellet region in Spitsbergen. They had a total discharge of about 0.1 m3/sec and were found in metamorphic carbonate rocks on bare ground under the eastern part of Torellbreen. Water with temperatures between 12.3 and 6.5°C caused thermoerosive phenomena to take place at the end of the eastern Torellbreen snout and formed an ice sheet covering the ground after cooling and freezing.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-8369.1982.tb00481.x
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  • 7
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    Observations of moulting Eider and breeding Common Eider Somateria mollissima at Nordaustlandet, Svalbard, in 1979 (1984)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Polar research 2 (1984), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1751-8369
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Notes: A survey on the Common Eider Somateria mollissima in wing-feather moult and females with young was carried out in connection with Norsk Polarinstitutt's expedition to Svalbard in July and August 1979. A total of 3450 moulting eider were found on a water area of approximately 2500 km2; 18% of these were flightless. Females dominated in the population with about 82%. Of the breeding population, 109 females with 336 young were found. The average ratio of female to young has been calculated at 1:3.08. This ratio in relation to other studies of eider productivity is discussed briefly.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-8369.1984.tb00483.x
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  • 8
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    Status of the Atlantic walrus Odobenus rosmarus rosmarus in the Svalbard area (1984)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Polar research 2 (1984), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1751-8369
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Notes: Observations of walrus in the Svalbard area in the period 1954-1982 indicate an increase since 1970 in the numbers summering in this area. The numbers of walrus observed show annual fluctuations. With the exception of 1973, when at least 300 animals were observed on one occasion at Kvitøya, the observations indicate a summering stock of about 100 animals. In 1982, when most walrus habitats in Svalbard were surveyed, observations of 248-274 animals were recorded. These observations were estimated to represent 82–85 individuals.During summer, walrus are most frequently observed at Tusenøyane, in Murchisonfjorden and along adjacent coasts, along the northern coast of Nordaustlandet, at Kvitoya, and at Moffen. Apparently, the walrus re-established the use of Moffen as a summer haul-out site about the beginning of the 1970s.An apparent under-representation of observations of females with dependent calves in Svalbard indicates that the area is mainly used as a summering area by males and that Svalbard is in the process of being repopulated by an extension of a population centred elsewhere. It is suggested that the walrus summering in Svalbard belong to a population with its main distribution in the Frans Josef Land archipelago, but at least some may be derived from a walrus population(s) occurring at Novaja Zemlja and in the Kara Sea.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-8369.1984.tb00484.x
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  • 9
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    A Tertiary-Quaternary section at Sarsbukta, Spitsbergen, Svalbard, and its foraminifera (1984)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Polar research 2 (1984), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1751-8369
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Notes: Tertiary and Quaternary deposits outcrop in the coastal cliff of Balanusviken at Sarsbukta in Vest-Spitsbergen. The Tertiary deposits appear by their foraminifera to belong to the Middle to Upper Oligocene. The Quaternary deposits consist of an upper part of Late Pleistocene to Holocene age, and a lower part which had previously been considered Middle Weichselian of age. Its foraminiferal assemblages suggest a higher age (Late Saalian, Eemian?). This lower part of the Quaternary deposits is related to a series of raised beaches with an upper limit at SO m above present day sea level. They were probably formed during the Eemian, and have not been distorted by later glaciation. The present study is based on sediment samples collected from the coastal cliff of Balanusviken, and particularly from that of Balanuspynten, Sarsbukta, Spitsbergen, during the summer expedition of Norsk Polarinstitutt in 19Sø.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-8369.1984.tb00487.x
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  • 10
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    Two observations of pumice levels from the west coast of Spitsbergen (1984)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Polar research 2 (1984), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1751-8369
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-8369.1984.tb00489.x
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  • 11
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    Nocturnal hypothermia and its energetic significance for small birds living in the arctic and subarctic regions. A review (1983)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Polar research 1 (1983), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1751-8369
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Notes: Nocturnal hypothermia is demonstrated in a number of small northern birds. These birds utilize hypothermia rant among other energy-saving mechanisms and lower the body temperature by some 10°C. In most bird species hypothermia is utilized only in conjunction with a state of inanition. However, hypothermia has also been demonstrated in birds with satisfactory feeding conditions and body weight. For none of the small northern birds utilizing nocturnal hypothermia, is inanition necessary for the induction of a state of hypothermia. A seasonal effect on the hypothermic response has been demonstrated for two species of tits, the black-capped chickadee Parus atricapillus and the willow tit Parus montanus, and also for an Andean hummingbird. The depth of hypothermia achieved significantly and linearly was correlated with the ambient temperature for the same two species of tits. By the use of nocturnal hypothermia, birds living in temperate zones can save as much as 75% of their energetic costs, compared with their energy consumption at normal body temperature. The reduction in the nightly expenditure of energy is considerable also in small-sized arctic and subarctic birds that utilize nocturnal hypothermia. The saving of energetic costs may easily represent the margin between life and death for such small birds living under the combined stresses of hunger, cold and long nights.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-8369.1983.tb00743.x
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  • 12
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    Hydrographic and current measurements in the Fram Strait, August 1981 (1983)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Polar research 1 (1983), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1751-8369
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Notes: The hydrographic (CTD) observations and pendulum current measurements obtained with M/S ‘Lance’ in August 1981 in the area west and north of Spitsbergen, are presented. The warm and saline northward flow, known as the West Spitsbergen Current, is found to follow the shelf break. In the Fram Strait the hydrographic structure is complicated because of eddies and other transient movements. The current measurements suggest a two-layer structure where the velocity vector rotates in opposite directions in the two layers with a period near the semidiurnal tidal period.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-8369.1983.tb00696.x
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  • 13
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    Karstic surface in the Lower Permian sabkha sequence of the Gipshuken Formation, central Spitsbergen, Svalbard (1983)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Polar research 1 (1983), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1751-8369
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Notes: Some unusual karst structures occur in the upper part of the evaporite-dominated sequence of the Gipshuken Formation. This Lower Permian unit is characterized by interbedded anhydrite and dolomites, and is now interpreted in terms of superimposed sabkha cycles. The karst structures are found in the inner Part of Skansdalen in Dickson Land, and have not yet been observed elsewhere in corresponding horizons in Svalbard. These structures, often seen as linked hemispheroids, consist of almost pure anhydrite and are here interpreted as representing the remnants of consolidated sabkhas; the original sabkha plain was flooded and partly dissolved, and abandoned channels between the hemispheroidal structures were then filled with sediments of later sabkha cycle. The younger sediments which fill the relief between and above the structures contain small enterolithic folds which indicate primary formed anhydrite. Anhydrite is still the most common subsurface mineral in these sulphatic deposits, and there is no evidence of gravitational or tectonic movements within these beds.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-8369.1983.tb00699.x
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  • 14
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    Arrival and pre-nesting period of the snow bunting Plectrophenax nivalis in East Greenland (1983)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Polar research 1 (1983), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1751-8369
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Notes: The first snow bunting males arrive in Northeast Greenland in early April, 6-8 weeks before nesting and 2-4 weeks ahead of the females. At this time temperatures regularly reach −25 to −30°C and snow storms may rage for days. The living conditions during this long-lasting pre-nesting period and its possible function are described and discussed. Based on 781 birds caught, .ringed, and measured, and on observations on phenology, diurnal rhythm, night roosts, etc., it is shown that the age ratio in males is close to 50/50 first living year/adults, that adult males arrive and occupy territories earlier than first year males, that first-year males have shorter wings and are leaner than adult males, that the birds lose weight during spells of inclement weather early in the season, that diurnal rhythm is apparently governed by direct insolation, that males apparently greatly outnumber females in the populations, and that competition for the optimal territories is probably the selective force behind the prolonged pre-nesting period in males.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-8369.1983.tb00702.x
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  • 15
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    Census of seabird colonies on Nordaustlandet, Svalbard, and in neighbouring localities in 1978 and 1979 (1983)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Polar research 1 (1983), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1751-8369
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Notes: Seabird colonies were censused during the summer expedition of Norsk Polarinstitutt to Nordaustlandet, Svalbard, in 1978 and 1979, and to Kongsøya in 1979. An outline is given of the distribution of the species together with an estimate of the number of breeding pairs in the colonies. Twentv-five colonies were censused; seven were visited both years. Four colonies with more than 1,000 breeding pairs of the most abundant species, Briinnich's guillemot and kittiwake, were found on Nordaustlandet.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-8369.1983.tb00703.x
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  • 16
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    Glaciomarine sediments and suspended particulate matter, Weddell Sea Shelf, Antarctica (1983)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Polar research 1 (1983), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1751-8369
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Notes: Samples of glaciomarine sediments and suspended matter from the eastern and central Weddell Sea Shelf were collected during the Norwegian Antarctic Research Expedition (NARE) in 1978/79. Ice-rafted clastic materials are in general the main sediment sources. On the eastern shelf, biogenic materials are abundant (sponges and bryozoan debris). Fine-grained materials, clastic and bioclastic, are additionally supported as fecal aggregates and by currents. The composition of the bottom sediments shows only small variations laterally and within the profiles. Dissolution of the biogenic materials appears to be slight. The suspended matter is dominated by fine silt and clay particles of clastic, biogenic (mainly diatoms) and authigenic (Fe, Mg-rich silicates) origin. Metalliferous particles (Fe, Ti, Zn, Cr, Ni-rich) of possibly anthropogenic and/or cosmic origin are observed. On the upper continental slope and the outer shelf the sedimentation rates are in the range of 2–5 cm/1000 years, which are slightly higher than for the rest of the shelf. The bioclastic glaciomarine deposits grade southward into bioclastic free sediments, showing that glaciomarine deposits outside an ice shelf may form a sequence of alternating bioclastic-rich and bioclastic-free layers. Similarly, late Precambrian carbonate tillite sequences, especially in the case of thin carbonate layers interbedded with tillite layers, may reflect variations in glaciomarine facies rather than interglacial/glacial cycles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-8369.1983.tb00728.x
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  • 17
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    The Cyathaspids of the Red Bay Group (Lower Devonian) of Spitsbergen (1983)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Polar research 1 (1983), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1751-8369
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Notes: Description and validation of the cyathaspids (Vertebrata, Heterostraci) from the Red Bay Group of Spitsbergen, previously introduced and/or described by Riser (1930, 1932) and Kiær & A. Heinz (1935). The following species are defined: Dinaspidella robusta; Irregulareaspis hoeli, I. mirabilis n. sp.; Poraspis polaris, P. brevis, P. rostrata; Homalaspidella nitida; Anglaspis insignis, A. heintzi n. sp., A. elongata n. sp.; Ctenaspis dentata and C. cancellala. The biostratigraphy of these taxa is briefly reviewed. The Spitsbergen cyathaspids are mainly compared with the Canadian Arctic forms, for one of which the new name Dinaspidella elizabethae is introduced. □Spitsbergen, Lower Devonian, Cyathaspidiformes (Agnatha), systematic revision, new taxa.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-8369.1983.tb00731.x
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  • 18
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    The Barents Sea ice sheet - a sedimentological discussion (1983)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Polar research 1 (1983), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1751-8369
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Notes: Sediment sampling and shallow seismic profiling in the western and northern Barents Sea show that the bedrock in regions with less than 300 m water depth is unconformably overlain by only a thin veneer (〈10 m) of sediments. Bedrock exposures are probably common in these areas. The sediments consist of a Holocene top unit, 0.1–1.5 m in thickness, grading into Late Weichselian glaciomarine sediments. Based on average sedimentation rates (14C-dating) of the Holocene sediments, the transition between the two units is estimated to 10,000–12,000 B.P. The glaciomarine sediments are commonly 1–3 m in thickness and underlain by stiff pebbly mud, interpreted as till and/or glaciomarine sediments overrun by a glacier. In regions where the water depth is over 300 m the sediment thickness increases, exceeding 500 m near the shelf edge at the mouth of Bjørnøyrenna. In Bjømøyrenna itself the uppermost 15–20 m seem to consist of soft glaciomarine sediments underlain by a well-defined reflector, probably the surface of the stiff pebbly mud. Local sediment accumulations in the form of moraine ridges and extensive glaciomarine deposits (20–60m in thickness) are found at 250–300m water depth, mainly in association with submarine valleys. Topographic highs, probably moraine ridges, are also present at the shelf edge. Based on the submarine morphology and sediment distribution, an ice sheet is believed to have extended to the shelf edge at least once during the Pleistocene. Spitsbergenbanken and the northern Barents Sea have also probably been covered by an ice sheet in the Late Weichselian. Lack of suitable organic material in the glacigenic deposits has prevented precise dating. Based on the regional geology of eastern Svalbard, a correlation of this younger stage with the Late Weichselian is indicated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-8369.1983.tb00729.x
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  • 19
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    Karst and karstification in gypsiferous beds in Mathiesondalen, Central Spitsbergen, Svalbard (1983)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Polar research 1 (1983), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1751-8369
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Notes: Recent karst forms in gypsiferous beds are reported from Mathiesondalen in Central Spitsbergen, where several sinkholes (dolines) and swallow holes have been formed after the deposition of Holocene raised beach sediments. The bedrock of the area is mostly interbedded gypsum/anhydrite and dolomites of the Carboniferous Ebbadalen Formation.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-8369.1983.tb00733.x
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  • 20
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    Guest Editorial by V.L. Barsukov (1984)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geostandards and geoanalytical research 8 (1984), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1751-908X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-908X.1984.tb01068.x
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  • 21
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    comité de rédaction - board of editors (1984)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geostandards and geoanalytical research 8 (1984), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1751-908X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-908X.1984.tb00419.x
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  • 22
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    1984 Compilation of Working Values and Sample Description for 170 International Reference Samples Of Mainly Silicate Rocks and Minerals (1984)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geostandards and geoanalytical research 8 (1984), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1751-908X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: 1984 compilation of working values and sample description for 170 international reference samples of mainly silicate rocks end minerals.Working values and sample description for 170 international rock and mineral reference samples are presented in B7 pages, with 14 pages for the main text and 73 pages for the four appendices. Appendix I presents working values for 170 reference samples in 19 pages, each page containing data on 10 samples, in general. Data on each sample are given in five colored blocks, the first block for 15 major and minor elements and the other four for 66 trace elements, whenever such data were available. Working values for each element are arranged, in ascending order, in Appendix II (39 pages). Brief sample description of each sample (numbered 001 to 170) and References form respectively Appendix III and IV. This compilation is published as a special issue of Geostandards Newsletter (July 19841, with the financial support of UNESCO and the International Association of Geochemistry and Cosmochemistry.〈section xml:id="abs1-2"〉〈title type="main"〉RESUMECompilation (1984) des valeurs de travail et la description dea échantillms pour 170 échantillms internationaux de référence principalement des roches silicatées et des minéraux.Des valeurs de travail (“working values”) et la description des échantillons pour 170 échantillons internationaux de roches et minéraux sont présentés dens 87 pages avec 14 pages pour le texte principal et 73 pages pour les quatre annexes. L'Annexe I contient des valeurs de travail pour 170 échantillons de référence réparties sup 19 pages, avec cheque page en générale, contenent des données sup dix échantillons. Les données sur cheque échantillon sont consignées dens cinq blocs coloriés, le premier bloc pour 15 éléments majeurs et mineurs et les quatre autres pour 66 éléments en traces. Lea valeurs de travail pour cheque élément sont présentées, dens l'ordre ascendant, dens 1'Annexe II (39 pages). Une description brève dc cheque échantillon, numéroté de 001 à 170, et les Références forment respectivement 1'Annexe III et IV. Cette compilation est publiée comme un numéro special du Geostandards Newsletter (Juillet 1984), avec le concours financier de l'UNESCO et l'Association Internationale de la Géochimie et Cosmochimie.
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    U, As and W in USGS Manganese Nodule Standards Nod-A-1 and Nod-P-1 (1984)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geostandards and geoanalytical research 8 (1984), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1751-908X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: New analytical data on three elements are presented for the two USGS manganese nodule reference materials, Nod-A-1 and Nod-P-1. Arsenic and tungsten were determined by instrumental neutron activation analysis, and uranium by delayed-néutron counting.
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    Determination of Boron in 35 International Geochemical Reference Materials by Thermal Neutron Capture Prompt Gamma-ray Spectrometry (1984)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geostandards and geoanalytical research 8 (1984), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1751-908X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Concentrations of boron in 35 silicate reference materials are measured by thermal neutron capture gamma-ray spectrometry. Results are compared for NBS, USGS, and CCRMP reference materials with values from the literature. The use of two prompt gamma facilities at Los Alamos are discussed.
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    Three Marine Sediment Reference Samples: SDO-1, SDO-2 and SDO-3 (1984)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geostandards and geoanalytical research 8 (1984), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1751-908X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: The study of three marine sediments is the first in a series of reference samples to be developed for characterizing the bottom sediments of the Pacific Ocean and the Red Sea. The three samples were certified for their contents of major, minor and some trace elements. These values were assigned on the basis of statistical processing of the data obtained from an interlaboratory experiment conducted with the use of physical, physico-chemical and chemical methods of analysis. The Soviet, Czechoslovakian and Bulgarian laboratories took part in the interlaboratory experiment.
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    Simple Spectrophotometric Determination of Ferrous Iron in Twelve French Geochemical Reference Standards (1984)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geostandards and geoanalytical research 8 (1984), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Iron (II) oxide in silicate rocks can readily be measured after digestion with HF and HCl by reaction with KI and KIO3. The iodine produced during the digestion is trapped in CCl4 and measured at 512 nm spectrophotometrically. Results for ten accepted and two new geochemical reference standards are presented.
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    Report (1984) on Two GIT-IWG Geochemical Reference Samples: Albite from Italy, AL-I And Iron Formation Sample from Greenland, IF-G (1984)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geostandards and geoanalytical research 8 (1984), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Two reference samples, Albite AL-I and Iron Formation sample IF-G were analysed for their chemical composition by the International Working Group “Analytical Standards of Minerals, Ores and Rocks” (GIT-IWG). AL-I was processed in 189 kg and IF-G and 760 kg. 103 GIT-IWG laboratories participated in this collaborative study along with 171 geoanalysts. This study lasted 15 months (September 1982 - December 1983) and is the second undertaken by the GIT-IWG. Over 2400 units of data were collated. As a result of this international study, the major and minor elements have been well characterized in both the samples; however, more data on trace elements will be very welcome for a better definition of trace elements, although working values have been proposed for about forty trace elements in each sample. The first and the second collaborative studies undertaken by GIT-IWG demonstrate well the immense analytical potential of the GIT-IWG.
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    Seven Standard Ore Samples of Uranium, Thorium and Radium Prepared by The Bureau of Uranium Geology (China) (1983)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geostandards and geoanalytical research 7 (1983), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: In 1978, seven uranium ore reference samples were prepared by the Bureau of Uranium Geology (China). The processing of these samples, prepared in the range of 220–370 kg, is briefly presented along with their general chemical composition. Analytical procedures employed for the determination of U, Th and Ra are briefly discussed. Recommended values are proposed for U, Th and Ra in the seven reference samples.
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    Estimation of Material Variation In Powdered Materials (1983)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geostandards and geoanalytical research 7 (1983), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Measures of material variation (state of homogeneity) for reference materials of powdered rocks, minerals, and ores are examined critically.It is shown that the customary analysis of variance concluding with the F-test is not a satisfactory method for the analysis of the analytical data obtained in a homogeneity experiment. It is argued that an estimation approach is more appropriate.Examples are given of values calculated from reference-material data, together with an explanation of how the results can be interpreted.
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    Reproducibility Tests for INAA Determinations With AGV-I, BCR-I and GSP-I and New Data For 17 Geochemical Reference Materials (1982)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geostandards and geoanalytical research 6 (1982), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: During 1975–1977, the USGS reference rocks GSP-1, BCR-1 and from 1977 onwards AGV-1 have been systematically analysed in routine INAA as test samples. The results are given for up to 26 elements per sample and the reliability of our setup is demonstrated. For further 17 geochemical reference samples, new results are presented and compared with available data.
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    Molybdenum and Tungsten Contents of Five CRPG and Eight ANRT Geochemical Reference Materials (1982)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geostandards and geoanalytical research 6 (1982), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Mo and W have been determined in five CRPG and eight ANRT geochemical reference samples by spectrophotometric - zinc dithiol procedures. Although data are lacking for adequate comparisons on most samples, our data for tungsten in GIT-IWG MA-N and GIT-IWG BE-N are very near the presently proposed values.
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    The Rejection of RU-l Due to Ambient Oxidation (1982)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geostandards and geoanalytical research 6 (1982), S. 0 
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    Notes: The history of a zinc-copper sulfide ore, RU-1, is presented to show quantitatively the serious effects of ambient oxidation on unprotected samples that led to its rejection for inued use as a reference material. It is shown that pyrrhotite, sphalerite and chalcopyrite are much more susceptible to oxidation than is pyrite, the major constituent. The preparation of another sample, RU-2, from the same ore body verifies that oxidation also occurs to an appreciable extent during the preparation stages.
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    Reply to “Comment on Two New Carbonate Stable Isotope Standards” (1982)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geostandards and geoanalytical research 6 (1982), S. 0 
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    Report (1967–1981) on Four ANRT Rock Reference Samples: Diorite DR-N, Serpentine UB-N, Bauxite BX-N and Disthene DT-N (1982)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geostandards and geoanalytical research 6 (1982), S. 0 
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    Notes: All data reported by 200 analysts (106 laboratories) are presented for the four ANRT samples: Diorite DR-N, Serpentine UB-N, Bauxite BX-N and Disthène DT-N. Recommended values are given for the major and minor elements. As far as the as trace elements are concerned, DR-N has been characterized for 35 elements whereas the other three samples have been for only 20 elements. Wherever possible, brief comments have been inserted so as to explain our way of assigning recommended or proposed values.After more than a decade of existence the total number of data reported for all the four samples reach only 3200 units which are not sufficient enough for a valid evaluation of compiled data. It is also pointed out that these samples are most likely to be available even during the next century as they have been prepared in large quantities of the order of one ton. A plea is therefore made for contribution of more data particularly for trace elements and for major elements which are present as trace elements in UB-N, BX-N and DT-N.
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    Microprobe Column (1982)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geostandards and geoanalytical research 6 (1982), S. 0 
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    Two New Carbonate Stable-Isotope Standards (1982)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geostandards and geoanalytical research 6 (1982), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Two new carbonate isotope standards have been prepared for distribution by the IAEA and NBS. The first, TS limestone, NBS #19, will substitute for PDB, while the second carbonate, NBS #18 is depleted in 18O and 13C compared to the first.
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    Uranium, Thorium and Potassium In Reference Samples (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geostandards and geoanalytical research 5 (1981), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Coherent values of U, Th and K concentrations obtained by γ-spectrometry are recommended for 43 international rock reference samples.
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    Mass Spectrometric Isotope Dilution Determination of K, Rb, Cs, Ba and Sr In Five Geochemical Reference Samples (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geostandards and geoanalytical research 5 (1981), S. 0 
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    Notes: A modified isotope dilution technique is described which has resulted in significant reduction of the time required for the determination of alkali (K, Rh and Cs) and alkaline earth (Ba and Sr) elements. The precision and accuracy of the results are shown to be quite satisfactory in measurements on the geochemical reference samples G-2, BCR-1, AN-G, BE-N and MA-N.
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    Multi-Element Analysis of Fifty-Four Geochemical Reference Samples Using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometry (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geostandards and geoanalytical research 5 (1981), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES) has been applied for simultaneous, multielement analysis of a diverse suite of igneous rocks and minerals, metamorphic and sedimentary rocks, coals and soils using a single matrix calibration procedure and a single sample preparation. Analytical results determined on 40 elements in 54 geochemical reference samples are presented. A sample analysis time of about three minutes allows the analyst to run several hundred samples per day, but does not include sample dissolution. The instrumental method described here provides the capability for rapid, simultaneous, multielement determination of the major (except silica), minor, and trace elements in rocks using a single sample preparation technique. Analytical data collected on the Geochemical Reference Samples (GRS) demonstrate the general utility of the method. Analytical results show an excellent agreement with previously published results for the major and minor elements. Of the 28 trace elements studied, 17 can be routinely determined in crustal rocks, but the concentration of several of the others can be determined only if present at concentrations several times above their crustal-abundance level.
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    Determination of Niobium and Yttrium in GSJ Basalt JB-1 by Photon Activation Analysis (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geostandards and geoanalytical research 5 (1981), S. 0 
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    Notes: New data on Nb and Y in GSJ Basalt JB-1 obtained by photon activation analysis with 30 MeV bremsstrahlung are presented and compared with literature values.
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    XRF Determination of 19 Trace Elements In International Geochemical Reference Samples (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geostandards and geoanalytical research 5 (1981), S. 0 
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    Notes: Routine XRF determination of 19 trace elements in 23 international standards using the method of Leake et al is examined. Agreement of results for 15 well-established international reference samples is generally good, showing that this method gives comparable results to other techniques. New trace element data using this method are presented for the 8 USGS III standards.
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    Additional Analytical Data for Gabbro, GOG-1 (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geostandards and geoanalytical research 5 (1981), S. 0 
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    Notes: Additional data for gabbro, GOG-1, were determined by instrumental-neutron-activation analysis, atomic-absorption spectrometry, and semi-quantitative spectrographic analysis. F ratios calculated in the analysis of variance for 26 sets of data for elements determined by the three methods were not significant, and hence the elements are distributed homogeneously among the bottles. The agreement between our data and the averages previously published ranges from very good to poor. More analytical data are necessary to establish reliable estimates of the concentrations of elements in GOG-1 and in two other gabbros so that three gabbros may be available to geochemists for use as standards.
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    Letter to the Editor (1981)
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    GeostandaRef Corner: Geochemical Reference Sample Bibliography for 1979 and 1980 (1981)
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    Letter to the Editor (1981)
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    Letter to the Editor (1981)
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    MARINE SEDIMENT REFERENCE MATERIALS TRACE METALS AND INORGANIC CONSTITUENTS (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
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    The H2O+ Contents of Some Geochemical Standards Predicted by a Calibration Line (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geostandards and geoanalytical research 5 (1981), S. 0 
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    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: The combined water (H2O+) in 30 geochemical standards having known and unknown water contents was determined by an elemental analyzer on 1 day during each of 6 weeks over a period of several months. The analysis of variance of the data measured in the form of a Youden square shows an extremely significant variation due to some unknown cause during the weeks in which the data were obtained. The higher water contents of the first two sets were obtained in the fall season when this area (Reston, Va.) has high and variable humidity, whereas the last four sets were measured during winter months. Humidity, however, was not included as a variable in the design and was not measured.The first two of three average blanks for H2O+, measured after determining H2O+ contents of about 11 percent for two samples, are noticeably higher than the third average blank. Similarly, the first of two average blanks for H2O+, measured after determining the H2O+ content (4.70 percent) of PCC-1, is higher than the second. Data for the last 4 weeks were used to calculate the line of regression and the extremely significant correlation coefficient. The line is used to predict suggested revisions of the “best” H2O+ contents of the standards.Coefficients of variation calculated from the data for the last 4 weeks indicate that there is no severe sampling problem due to the small sample size (20 mg) taken for the determinations. The coefficients follow the general trend of large coefficients for samples containing the least amount of the constituent (BHVO-1: x̄= 11.76% H2O+; C.V. = 7.3%) and of small coefficients for samples containing the greatest amount (BX-N: x̄= 11.76% H2O+; C.V. = 0.4%).
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    Corrections (1981)
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    Trace Metal Speciation of USGS Reference Sample MAG-I (1980)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geostandards and geoanalytical research 4 (1980), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: The USGS reference sample marine mud MAG-1 has been subjected to a sequential extraction procedure designed to partition the constituent trace metals into five fractions: I-exchangeable; II- bound to carbonates; III-bound to Fe-Mn oxides; IV- bound to organic matter; V- residual. The analytical approach involved successive chemical extractions and the subsequent determination of trace metal concentrations (Co, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn; Fe, Mn) in the leachates by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The chemical speciation results obtained on four replicate sub-samples demonstrate that the coefficients of variation for metal concentrations in the individual fractions are generally better than + 10%. Comparison with published values for total trace metal concentrations in the MAG-1 sample suggests that the overall accuracy of the chemical extraction procedure is satisfactory.
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    Détermination des Eléments Mineurs et Traces Dans les Végétaux par Activation Neutronique (1980)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geostandards and geoanalytical research 4 (1980), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1751-908X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: L'activation neutronique a été appliquée à l'analyse des échantillons végétaux de référence préparés par le Comité Inter-Instituts pour l'analyse foliaire. Les éléments suivants: Al, Ba, Br, Cr, Cs, Mn, La, Th qui intéressent en particulier la prospection géochimique ont ainsi été déterminés sur 13 échantillons. Les conditions analytiques sont données; la précision et la justesse sont discutées. Des comparaisons avec des résultats obtenus par d'autres méthodes sont données pour certains éléments (Mn, Al).
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    Delayed-Neutron Activation Determination Of Uranium in Twelve Rock Reference Standards (1980)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geostandards and geoanalytical research 4 (1980), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1751-908X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: The uranium content of twelve rock reference samples, five from the Canada Centre for Mineral and Energy Technology, four from the Czechoslovakian Institute of Mineral Raw Materials and three from the United States Geological Survey was determined by neutron activation followed by delayed-neutron counting. Uranium contents measured ranged from 0.20 to 560 ppm. Three of the Canadian samples have relatively well established uranium contents. Of these we agree well with two of them; our value on the third is ∼13% lower than the recommended value. Comparison of our data on the other samples with other researchers is not yet possible because (i) no determinations are yet reported on several of these samples and (ii) even when several reported values are available, the wide disparity of those values does not allow meaningful comparison.
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    corrections (1980)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
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    Need for an Iron-Formation Reference Sample (1980)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geostandards and geoanalytical research 4 (1980), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1751-908X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: An international iron-formation reference sample is warranted as a basis for geochemical investigations of Precambrian iron-formations. A better knowledge of the geochemistry of iron formations will hopefully elucidate the long standing discussion on the genesis of iron-formations. The reference sample can furthermore be used in studies of deep-sea metalliferous deposits.
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    Stabilité dans le Temps d'Echantillons De Référence (1980)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geostandards and geoanalytical research 4 (1980), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1751-908X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Ayant eu à ré-étalonner sur une base euro-péenne des lots de deux minerais de fer et d'un laitier de haut fourneau préalablement étalonnés uniquement par des laboratoires français, il y a 6 à 10 ans, on a pu montrer que:-les moyennes certifiées n'ont pas évoluées,- que les dispersions de mesure se sont réduites,- que l'absorption atomique permet de doser correctement les très basses teneurs en Ca et Mg dans les minerais de fer riches.
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    I Analyse des Minerais de Fer à l'Institut De Recherches de la Sidérurgie Française (1980)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Après avoir décrit la structure du laboratoire d'analyse de l'IRSID à Maizières-lès-Metz, en abordant les éléments dosés par spectrométrie de fluorescence X et l'absorption atomique, les auteurs passent en revue les méthodes chimiques dans le cadre de l'analyse des minerais de fer.Quelques informations sont données sur l'activité au sein de l'ISO/TC 102/SC1 puis le point est fait sur les matériaux de référence certifiés actuellement connus dans le monde.Si le laboratoire comporte comme équipement de base un spectromètre de fluorescence X associéà diverses autres techniques qui devraient peu évoluer dans le futur, il semble qu'à l'avenir une bonne place soit réservée pour les minerais tout comme pour bien d'autres matrices, à la spectrométrie avec torche à plasma inductif.
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    Determination of the Absolute Hydrogen Isotopic Ratio of V-SMOW and SLAP (1980)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geostandards and geoanalytical research 4 (1980), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1751-908X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: By mixing 1H2O and 2H2O, both with accurately known purity, samples were prepared with 2H/1H ratios close to those of the international isotopic water standards: V-SMOW and SLAP. A mass spectrometrical comparison of these calibration samples with the actual water standards revealed: 2H/1H of V-SMOW = (155.95 ± 0.08) × 10−6 2H/1H of SLAP = (89.12 ± 0.07) × 10−6δ2HV-SMOW(SLAP) =−428.5 ± 0.5 %
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    Determination of Fluorine, Chlorine and Water in Eight USGS Reference Samples (1980)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geostandards and geoanalytical research 4 (1980), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Eight reference samples from the U.S. Geological Survey have been analysed for their contents of F, Cl and water. After pyrolysis F was determined with an ion-selective electrode, Cl by colorimetry and water by Karl-Fischer titration.
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    Fluorine in Some CII Biological Reference Samples and Fluorine Losses During Ashing (1980)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geostandards and geoanalytical research 4 (1980), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Twelve different biostandards from the Inter-Institute Comittee for studying analytical techniques for leaves (CII) contain fluorine in the range of 6 to 37 ppm. It is known that biological samples from areas affected by fluorine emission may contain up to 1000 ppm of F or more. After keeping the reference samples for two hours at 500°C, weight losses between 67 and 78% are observed; the fluorine losses are between 40 and 85%. If conventional analytical techniques are used, an ashing procedure is necessary before the samples could be fused. By using pyrohydrolytical technique the ashing step is omitted and, hence, any loss of fluorine can be avoided.
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    Reference Samples for Electron Microprobe Analysis (1980)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: The chemical analyses of twenty-six minerals, four natural glasses, and one synthetic glass prepared for use as microprobe reference samples are presented. New chemical analyses of minerals and revised analyses of several minerals published previously are included. Details of sample preparation are described and the homogeneity of the samples has been tested by the homogeneity index.
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    Microprobe Column (1980)
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
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    Report (1980) on Three GIT-IWG Rock Reference Samples: Anorthosite from Greenland, AN-G; Basalte d'Essey-la-Côte, BE-N; Granite de Beauvoir, MA-N (1980)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geostandards and geoanalytical research 4 (1980), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Three rock reference samples, Anorthosite AN-G, Basalt BE-N and Granite MA-N were analysed for their chemical composition by 122 laboratories belonging to the International Working Group “Analytical Standards of Minerals, Ores and Rocks” (IWG). 243 analysts took part in this first collaborative study which lasted only nine months, from June 1979 to March 1980. Despite this very short period, it has been possible to harvest over 6000 units of analytical data on major, minor and 53 trace elements. This excellent performance of the IWG members has rendered possible the chemical characterization of the three samples for not only the usual major and minor elements but also for 30 trace elements. This first study by the IWG Members demonstrates well their immense analytical potential and is exemplary in many respects.
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    Fisheries and Oceans Canada Ocean and Aquatic Sciences Pêches et Océans Canada Sciences océaniques et aquatiques (1980)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
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    Report (1973–1984) on Two ANRT Geochemical Reference Samples: Granite GS-N and Potash Feldspar FK-N (1984)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geostandards and geoanalytical research 8 (1984), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Granite GS-N and Potash Feldspar FK-N are two ANRT reference samples prepared in 1973 in 960 and 567 kg, respectively. All data reported since 1973 are compiled in this report. GS-N and FK-N are now well characterized for major and minor elements. As for trace elements, working values have been assigned for 36 elements in GS-N and for 30 elements in FK-N. We need much more data on trace elements for characterizing them better. As GS-N and FK-N are still available in large quantities and are certain to remain so for two or three decades to come, a plea is made for contribution of more data on trace elements.
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    Corrections (1984)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geostandards and geoanalytical research 8 (1984), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
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    Determination of Cesium in Sixty - Three Geochemical Reference Samples by Flame Emission Spectrometry (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geostandards and geoanalytical research 5 (1981), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: The cesium contents of 63 geochemical reference samples have been determined by flame emission spectrometry using an air-acetylene flame. The agreement between the present results and published data is generally good.
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    Another Approach to the Mode of a Skewed Set of Data: the Plot Method (1980)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: A method which consists essentially in ranking and then plotting on rectangular coordinates the data of a skewed set of results to the purpose of identifying the modal value of the set, is described. The method is simple, fast (if a plotter is used) and requires no calculations.
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    “Ceramic” Analysis at the Laboratories of The British Ceramic Research Association (1980)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
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    Microprobe Column (1980)
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    nouvelles brèves brief news (1980)
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    Geostandards and geoanalytical research 4 (1980), S. 0 
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    Mass Spectrometric Isotope Dilution Determination of Cadmium in Geochemical Reference Samples (1980)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geostandards and geoanalytical research 4 (1980), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1751-908X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Twenty seven geochemical reference samples have been analysed for cadmium using the stable isotope dilution technique. These include four USGS, one NBS, five CRPG, eleven ANRT and six NIMROC samples. Each sample has been analysed at least in duplicate.The four USGS samples have previously been measured in this laboratory by Rosman and De Laeter, but the present results are believed to be more accurate than the earlier data. Our results for the other twenty three samples are much lower than most of the published data. There is also evidence of cadmium inhomogeneities in some of the samples.
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    Spectrophotometric Determination of Molybdenum and Tungsten in Forty Geochemical Reference Samples (1980)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geostandards and geoanalytical research 4 (1980), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: The molybdenum and tungsten contents of 40 geochemical reference samples have been determined by a spectrophotometric procedure. The agreement between the present results and published data is generally good.
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    nouvelles brèves brief news (1980)
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    comité de rédaction - board of editors (1980)
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    Heat Convection in Warm Springs Valley, Virginia (1983)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 21 (1983), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: Warm Springs Valley, located in northwestern Virginia, is characterized by the discharge of springs from cavernous limestone at temperatures up to 40°C, although the measured geothermal gradient is a normal 10°C/km. The area is therefore hypothesized to be an important example of a situation where thermal convection is sufficient to produce high-temperature surface waters. A finite-difference numerical model was constructed to simulate the simultaneous transport of heat and fluid under combined forced and free convection conditions. This model was used to test the hypothesized heat flow system for Warm Springs Valley.The results of the testing show that, within the hydrogeological constraints found at Warm Springs Valley, convection with a normal geothermal gradient is capable of producing 40°C hot springs. The conditions required a zone of enhanced vertical hydraulic conductivity in the area of ground-water discharge and a deep zone of enhanced horizontal hydraulic conductivity. The enhanced zones are consistent with the geology found in the basin.
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    KARST OF CHINA (1982)
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    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
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    DISCUSSION OF “Kd's – Can They Be Used to Describe Reversible Ion Sorption Reactions in Contaminant Migration?” by E. J. Reardon, May-June 1981 issue, v. 19, no. 3, pp. 279–286 (1982)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
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    REPLY TO the preceding Discussion by R. J. Serne of “Kd's—Can They Be Used to Describe Reversible Ion Sorption Reactions in Contaminant Migration?” (1982)
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    NATIONAL GROUND-WATER LIBRARY GOES PUBLIC (1982)
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    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
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    RISING GROUND WATER – PROBLEM OR RESOURCE? (1982)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract. Ground water rising to within 6 m (20 feet) of average ground surface elevations in Louisville, Kentucky caused concern to municipal officials and building owners in the central urban area. An average rise of more than 11 m (35 feet) occurred between 1969 and 1980.An evaluation of foundation conditions and structural configurations in central Louisville indicated rising ground water could create:1. slight but significant possibilities of structural settlement problems;2. high possibilities of damage to basement floors and walls; and3. very high possibilities for disruption of utility conduits.Efforts to determine the cause of this rise in ground-water level have focused on the historical relationships between ground-water levels, pumpage rates and precipitation values.Historical data indicated that ground-water levels in a system undisturbed by man could reach ground surface elevations in central Louisville. Preliminary studies indicated a strong relation between average ground-water levels and changes in pumping rates and incident precipitation. A further detailed study showed extremely high correlation (R = 0.995) between average ground-water levels in 1966–1980 and cumulative departures in precipitation and pumping rates from 1950–1965 average precipitation and pumping rates.A study of the feasibility of lowering ground-water levels while simultaneously storing energy in the aquifer system was begun but was interrupted by devastating explosions of hexane in the sewers beneath south-central Louisville on February 13, 1981. Although a dry year in 1980 and no change in pumping rate have slowed the rise in ground-water level temporarily, long-term solutions to this problem need to be developed.
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    EFFECT OF HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE ON POLIOVIRUS SURVIVAL IN GROUND WATER (1983)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 21 (1983), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract. Poliovirus survival was studied in ground water under hyperbaric pressures ranging from 500 to 4000 psi. It was found that, as compared to control samples incubated at atmospheric pressure, poliovirus was stable under hyperbaric pressures. The virus was, however, comparatively less stable in sea water subjected to 1000 psi pressure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1983.tb01947.x
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  • 82
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    Theory for Aquifer Test Analysis in Fractured Rocks Under Linear (Nonradial) Flow Conditions (1982)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 20 (1982), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: The flow of ground water in a fractured rock aquifer may be linear toward a natural production surface rather than radial toward a pumping well, if the well penetrates a fracture having a permeability many orders of magnitude greater than the permeability of the surrounding aquifer. The well and its hydraulically connected production surface are called an extended well. Flow lines in a linear system are parallel, and drawdown is a function of the perpendicular distance from the extended well and not a function of the radius of the pumped well. The location of a concealed fracture and hydraulic diffusivity of the linear system can be determined if drawdown data from two observation wells are available.Linear flow has been recognized in fractured rock aquifers from aquifer test data in three widely separated areas of New Mexico and probably is the cause of the anomalous response observed in fractured rock aquifers in Mendocino and Placer Counties, California. Test data were curvilinear on semi-log plots and straight lines on log-log plots, suggesting that traditional methods of aquifer test analysis are not applicable. Straight lines could be fitted to arithmetic plots of pumped well and observation well data when plotted as drawdown versus √t, indicating that the flow in the vicinity of the test well is linear. Linear flow may be a common phenomenon that has been overlooked in the analysis of aquifer tests in fractured rock aquifers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1982.tb01325.x
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  • 83
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    Ground-Water Flow Systems and Stability of a Slope (1982)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 20 (1982), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: Shoreline recession on the Great Lakes has caused millions of dollars worth of property damage in the lake bordering States and Canadian provinces. A variety of projects have been funded to study the erosion problem. The general conclusion of these studies is that wave action at the base of the bluff is the most important basic cause of bluff-top retreat. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of various physical processes in causing bluff erosion. One part of the study was to ascertain the role of ground water in bluff stability. In this study, along a certain stretch of the Lake Michigan shoreline, 9 to 10 m (27 to 30 ft) per year of bluff-top recession that is not correlated to toe erosion was recorded. Heads were measured in 25 piezometers and a complex ground-water flow system was defined at this site. A glacial sand unit that is under artesian pressure was found 5 m (15 ft) above the toe of the bluff. Another “perched” system was observed in a fractured till unit at the top of the bluff. Water-table fluctuations have been recorded over a year and fluctuations of up to 13 m (39 ft) in the lower sand unit were measured. These fluctuations were found to have a significant influence on bluff stability. Pore pressures calculated from field measurements, along with the effective strength parameters of the soil units, were then used in the slope stability analysis to determine safety factors.Ground-water flow systems are found to be highly complex at the land-lake interface due to the inhomogeneities of the glacial materials that compose the bluffs. Furthermore, these complex ground-water flow systems influence the stability of the upper part of the bluffs. Because of the complexities, extrapolation of results to other stretches of the shoreline is difficult. However, methodologies and the awareness of how water-table fluctuations and multi-layered ground-water flow systems affect slope stability can be of help in other field situations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1982.tb01324.x
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  • 84
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    Evaluation of a Chimney Drain Design in an Earthfill Dam (1982)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 20 (1982), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: Two earthfill sections of Wallace Dam on the Oconee River near Eatonton, Georgia were constructed with vertical drainage filters (chimney drains) in a clay fill zone. In order to evaluate the performance of the filter in the west dike of Wallace Dam, the finite element Galerkin method was utilized in formulating a numerical model to study the steady-state saturated-unsaturated seepage characteristics through the earth dam. The resulting model is applied to Station 58+00 of the west dike of Wallace Dam. Numerical results for the four cases analyzed in this study describe the location of the zero pressure isobar and total hydraulic head values ranging from 425 feet (130 m) to 365 feet (111 m). Model results indicate a maximum seepage velocity of 2.62 feet per day (0.80 m/day) using a saturated horizontal hydraulic conductivity of 0.283 foot per day (8.64 cm/day). A maximum seepage rate is calculated to be 0.266 cubic foot per second (7.52 × 10−3 m3/sec). Analysis of the hydrostatic uplift forces along the base of the dam indicates an average pressure head reduction of 51 feet (16 m) from the upstream to the downstream side of the dam. Comparison of local seepage velocities to the critical seepage velocity upstream of the filter and inside the filter indicate a factor of safety against piping (a factor of safety against a quick condition arising in the soil) ranging from 0.3 to 3.7.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1982.tb01326.x
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  • 85
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    Regional Trends in Transmissivity and Hydraulic Conductivity, Lower Cretaceous Sands, North-Central Texas (1983)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 21 (1983), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: Depositional and structural history control regional trends in transmissivity and hydraulic conductivity in Lower Cretaceous-age sandstones along the Balcones-Ouachita trend in north-central Texas. Because of a scarcity of pumping tests, delineation of trends was possible only by incorporating transmissivities estimated from specific capacities. Statistical comparison of estimated and pumping-test transmissivities confirmed the validity of this approach. The resulting contour maps should be useful in evaluating these aquifers as potential low-temperature geothermal resources. The method can also be applied to other aquifers to facilitate ground-water management programs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1983.tb00764.x
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  • 86
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    Rapid Solution of the Nonlinear Step-Drawdown Equation (1983)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 21 (1983), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: The step-drawdown test is frequently utilized by hydrogeologists as an aid in assessing well efficiency and approximate pumping capacity. Unfortunately, the analysis of step-drawdown data presently requires either a solution to a system of highly nonlinear equations or the application of tenuous assumptions relative to the solution form. A method for solution is derived which does not require limiting assumptions, type-curve methods or extensive computer facilities.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1983.tb00765.x
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  • 87
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    Gravity Exploration of a Buried Valley in the Appalachian Plateau (1983)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 21 (1983), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: The existence of high-density, nearly-structureless bedrock buried by relatively low-density sediments makes gravity prospecting a very informative technique for bedrock-topography studies of the northern Appalachian Plateaus. Locating bedrock exposures and using available well data reduces the area of the gravity search. Depths to bedrock from wells correlate excellently with depths from gravity anomalies. The minimum anomaly detected was 0·18 milligal, corresponding to a depth of approximately 40 feet.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1983.tb00766.x
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  • 88
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    Updated Radioisotope Studies in Zimbabwean Ground Waters (1983)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 21 (1983), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: The Sabi Valley alluvial plain is the largest tract of alluvium in Zimbabwe. The ground-water hydrology of the alluvial plain was studied by three independent methods: the classical approach of potentiometric surface construction and pump test analyses, the use of in-borehole velocity and direction measurements with artificial radioactive isotopes applied to the point-dilution techniques, and a natural and thermonuclear tritium survey.The three methods of approach produce remarkably close values for the ground-water throughflow within the plain. A safe yield figure of 2.5 cubic metres/sec is currently used with confidence for the ground-water reservoir as a result of this study.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1983.tb00767.x
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  • 89
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    Effects of Aquifer Interconnection Resulting from Underground Coal Gasification (1983)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 21 (1983), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: An investigation was conducted to evaluate the effects of aquifer interconnection caused by the collapse of cavities formed in coal seams by two small underground coal gasification experiments in the Powder River Basin, Wyoming. The main objective of the work was to assess the magnitude and extent of changes in the ground-water flow patterns near the sites of the two experiments. Hydraulic head measurements in the three affected aquifers were used to calibrate a steady-state ground-water flow model of the interconnection zone at each site. Flow modeling and field measurements show that water from one or both of the upper aquifers enters the collapse rubble and flows down to the lowest aquifer (the gasified coal seam) where it flows away from the collapse zones. The hydraulic conductivity of the collapse rubble is less than that of the aquifers and provides only a very moderately permeable interconnection between them. A marked reduction in the hydraulic conductivity of the gasified coal seam near the collapse zones causes restriction of flow in the seam, away from them. Changes in hydraulic head and flow patterns caused by aquifer interconnection extend generally only 200–300 ft (60–90 m) away from the experiment sites. Flow in the uppermost aquifer at one of the sites may be influenced as far as 400 ft (122 m) away. At both experiment sites, aquifer interconnection allows water from the uppermost (sand) aquifer, which contains the poorest quality water of the three aquifers, to enter one or both of the underlying coal aquifers.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1983.tb00768.x
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    REPLY TO the preceding Discussion by Mark A. Nelson of “Seepage from Oilfield Brine Disposal Ponds in Utah” (1983)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 21 (1983), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1983.tb00771.x
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  • 91
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    Ground-Water Management in Basalts (1982)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 20 (1982), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: Basalts are a major source of ground water throughout the Columbia River Plateau region of the Pacific Northwest. Development and management of ground water in these basalts are complicated by the spatial variability of the hydrologic characteristics of the deep, stratified lava flows, but new irrigation developments and municipal and industrial water needs are placing increasingly larger demands on the ground-water resource. Water management decisions are aided by individual basin studies that contribute to greater understanding of the regional ground-water system. A distributed-system multiple-storage model for the Deschutes River Basin, Oregon, reveals the magnitude of spatial differences in ground-water recharge, storage, and discharge for this watershed. Input-output analysis elucidates the functional characteristics of the basin groundwater system, and it identifies the presence and magnitude of interbasin linkages in the ground-water system. Implementation of ground-water development strategies based on storage and transmission characteristics simulated by the model demonstrates that basin or regional perspectives are necessary to fully utilize ground-water storage in basalts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1982.tb01335.x
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  • 92
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    CAVITY WELL (1982)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 20 (1982), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1982.tb01336.x
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  • 93
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    PROTECTIONISM AND WATER (1983)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 21 (1983), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1983.tb00740.x
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  • 94
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    Survival of Pathogenic and Indicator Organisms in Ground Water (1983)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 21 (1983), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: A comparative study was undertaken on the decay rates of three bacterial types (S. typhimurium, E. coli and S. faecalis), an enterovirus (poliovirus type 1) and a bacterial phage (f2) in ground water maintained under laboratory conditions. Except for f2 phage, all the microorganisms tested were relatively stable in ground water. S. faecalis survived best among all the bacteria tested and its decay rate was similar to that of poliovirus type 1.Under field conditions, bacterial indicators were also found to be stable in the ground-water environment. The decay rate for fecal streptococci was lower than for fecal or total coliforms in the shallow wells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1983.tb00741.x
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  • 95
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    Major Ion Characterization of Coastal Saline Ground Waters (1983)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 21 (1983), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: The ages and origins of saline ground waters in coastal aquifers can be important indicators of local aquifer flow characteristics. Unfortunately, attempts to classify such waters using established trilinear diagram techniques are frequently inconclusive due largely to the dominance of sodium and chloride ions. In a study of saline ground waters from the Chalk limestone of eastern central England, an alternative, less conventional, dilution diagram procedure is employed which reveals previously unrecognized differences in local major ion chemical character. These differences are interpreted in terms of the origins of the saline ground waters and their histories of mixing. Significantly, the interpretations reinforce and, in some cases, refine earlier interpretations based on notably less extensive minor ion and environmental isotope data. It is concluded that the saline ground waters are associated with at least three periods of saline intrusion during the past 120,000 years.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1983.tb00744.x
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  • 96
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    Salt-Water Intrusion in the Costa de Hermosillo, Mexico: A Numerical Analysis of Water Management Proposals (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 19 (1981), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: As a result of anthropogenic discharges of ground water far exceeding natural recharge, the Costa de Hermosillo aquifer is being actively intruded by salt water. Because this aquifer is utilized as the sole source of irrigation water for one of Mexico's principal agricultural districts, the application of any future management scheme to control this intrusion must be closely evaluated prior to implementation. A hydrologic and water quality simulation model is applied to the Costa de Hermosillo aquifer to assess the areal and temporal variations in head, velocity, and concentration as a result of changes in the present discharge distribution. The known hydrologic conditions are reproduced as a means of calibrating the model. Only qualitative statements on the future behavior of the aquifer are possible due to the uncertainty of the magnitude of various aquifer parameters and initial conditions. The model employed in this study is found to be a useful technique for the analysis of the effects of the proposed pumping stresses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1981.tb03518.x
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  • 97
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    Experiments to Assess the Hydraulic Efficiency of Well Screens (1983)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 21 (1983), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: The hydraulic properties of commercial well screens were investigated to determine which screen design features affected head loss. The test program began with laboratory experiments and continued as a field-scale experiment with the installation of a well field in the Thames Valley Gravel Aquifer.The laboratory experiments indicated that, for all practical purposes, the head loss attributable to all of the screens tested was negligible. The experimental head loss, however, did vary from screen to screen, particularly at high intake velocities, and the screens could be ranked on the basis of their hydraulic efficiencies. This efficiency hierarchy is explained tentatively in terms of the screen construction methods and slot geometry. The field experiments showed that the hydraulic performance of all well screens is independent of screen design provided that the open area of the screen is above about 10%. The field experiments also indicated that the development capacity of a screen in a gravel aquifer is not wholly dependent on screen design, but that progressive development does increase the hydraulic efficiency of a well.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1983.tb00722.x
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  • 98
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    Pore-Water Pressure in the Roof of an Underground Coal Mine in Illinois (1983)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 21 (1983), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: Most underground coal mines in Illinois are relatively dry despite their location in saturated rock lying hundreds of meters below the water table. This is probably due to the low permeabilities of the rock units associated with the coal seams. Little is known about how mines affect the groundwater system, so it is difficult to predict where a mine is likely to encounter an influx of ground water.To obtain information on the hydrogeological character of the roof rocks, an array of piezometers was installed in roof-bolt holes at two locations within an underground coal mine in central Illinois. Pressure vs. time measurements were obtained from piezometer arrays located in areas of the mine ranging from dry to wet conditions. Data collected from the piezometers indicate that water drainage from a saturated sandstone above the coal is largely controlled by local structural and stratigraphic features, and these features determine the distribution of wet and dry areas in the mine. Hydraulic conductivities of the sandstone were determined in the laboratory and in situ from drainage profiles and from tests of instantaneous head changes. Results of these tests indicated that dewatering in front of mining would not be successful in this mine.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1983.tb00730.x
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  • 99
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    Hydrogeology of the Littlefield Springs, Arizona (1983)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 21 (1983), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: A hydrogeologic investigation was conducted to determine the source of recharge to the Littlefield Springs, a series of carbonate springs occurring along a 10 km (6 mile) reach of the Virgin River in northwestern Arizona. The most probable sources of recharge to the springs were determined to be influent Virgin River water and precipitation within the springs hydrologic basin. These recharge sources could account for the total discharge of the springs. The Littlefield Springs have essentially constant discharge 1.84 cms (65 cfs), and quality 2940 mg/L TDS. Tritium analyses of the spring and river water indicate that there are at least two different sources of recharge to the Littlefield Springs–one a minimum of 22 years old and the other younger than 22 years old. Analysis of the influent Virgin River upstream from the springs indicates a 1·42 cms (50 cfs) loss at 2130 mg/L TDS and the same ionic ratio of dissolved constituents as the springs. The travel time of this recharge source is interpreted to be a minimum of 22 years. Local recharge to the springs has been estimated to be 0·31 cms (11 cfs). The presence of local recharge is indicated by pulse train gaging of the springs, and by water quality at a well upstream of the springs and at the first upstream occurrence of the springs. The travel time of this recharge source is interpreted to be less than 22 years.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1983.tb00732.x
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    DISCUSSION OF “Readers' Forum — Warm Springs Dam (and Other Disasters) Revisited,” by E. H. Boudreau November-December 1982 issue, v. 20, no. 6, pp. 752–753 (1983)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 21 (1983), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1983.tb00737.x
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