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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    NOTE OF APPRECIATION FROM THE EDITORS (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Computational intelligence 12 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8640
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8640.1996.tb00274.x
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    IT'S ABOUT TIME: AN INTRODUCTION TO THE SPECIAL ISSUE ON TEMPORAL REPRESENTATION AND REASONING (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Computational intelligence 12 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8640
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8640.1996.tb00266.x
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    EFFICIENT TEMPORAL REASONING IN THE CACHED EVENT CALCULUS (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Computational intelligence 12 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8640
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: This article deals with the problem of providing Kowalski and Sergot's event calculus, extended with context dependency, with an efficient implementation in a logic programming framework. Despite a widespread recognition that a positive solution to efficiency issues is necessary to guarantee the computational feasibility of existing approaches to temporal reasoning, the problem of analyzing the complexity of temporal reasoning programs has been largely overlooked. This article provides a mathematical analysis of the efficiency of query and update processing in the event calculus and defines a cached version of the calculus that (i) moves computational complexity from query to update processing and (ii) features an absolute improvement of performance, because query processing in the event calculus costs much more than update processing in the proposed cached version.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8640.1996.tb00267.x
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    TEMPORAL REASONING WITH THE MODAL LOGIC Z (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Computational intelligence 12 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8640
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: This article presents a formal theory of concurrent actions that handles the qualification, ramification, and frame problems. The theory is capable of temporal explanation, i.e., reasoning forward and backward. The approach uses the modal logic Z to extend the work of Lifschitz and Rabinov on miracle-based temporal reasoning. The advantages of miracles for describing unknown actions are augmented with the ability to handle concurrent actions that can provide for the most economical explanation of state changes. For temporal explanation problems restricted to finite domains, it has a worst-case exponential decision procedure. The theory is as general as first-order logic in what it can express as preconditions and consequences of actions.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8640.1996.tb00269.x
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    SOLVING NINE MEN'S MORRIS (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Computational intelligence 12 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8640
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: The game of Nine Men's Morris is a draw. We obtained this result using a combination of endgame databases (1010 states) and search. Our improved algorithm for computing endgame databases allowed the game to be solved on a personal computer. Other games have been solved using knowledge-based methods to dramatically prune the search tree. Nine Men's Morris does not seem to profit from such methods, making it the first nontrivial game solved in which almost the entire state space has to be considered.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8640.1996.tb00251.x
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    LEARNING PLAYING STRATEGIES IN CHESS (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Computational intelligence 12 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8640
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: It is believed that chess masters use pattern-based knowledge to analyze a position, followed by a pattern-based controlled search to verify or correct the analysis. This paper describes a first-order system called PAL that can learn patterns in the form of Horn clauses from simple example descriptions and general purpose knowledge. It is shown how PAL can leam chess patterns that are beyond the learning capabilities of current inductive systems. The patterns learned by PAL can be used for analysis of positions and for the construction of playing strategies. By taking the learned patterns as attributes for describing examples, a set of rules which decide whether a Pawn can safely be promoted without moving the King in a King and Pawn vs King endgame, is automatically constructed with a similarity-based learning algorithm. Similarly, a playing strategy for the King and Rook vs King endgame is automatically constructed with a simple learning algorithm by following traces of games and using the patterns learned by PAL. Limitations of first-order systems, PAL imparticularly, are exposed in domains where a large number of background definitions may be required for induction. Conclusions and future research directions are given.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8640.1996.tb00253.x
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    PERFECT RECALL AND PRUNING IN GAMES WITH IMPERFECT INFORMATION (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Computational intelligence 12 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8640
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Games with imperfect information are an interesting and important class of games. They include most card games (e.g., bridge and poker) as well as many economic and political models. Here we investigate algorithms for findi ng the simplest form of a solution (a pure-strategy equilibrium point) to imperfect information games expressed in their extensive (game tree) form. We introduce to the artificial intelligence community a classic algorithm, due to Wilson, that solves one-player games with perfect recall. Wilson's algorithm, which we call iMP-minimax, runs in time linear in the size of the game-tree searched. In contrast to Wilson's result, Koller and Meggido have shown that finding a pure-strategy equilibrium point in one-player games without perfect recall is NP-hard. Here, we provide another contrast to Wilson's result–we show that in games with perfect recall but more than one player, finding a pure-strategy equilibrium point, given that such an equilibrium point exists, is NP-hard.Our second contribution is to present a pruning technique for Wilson's IMP-minimax algorithm to make the latter more tractable. We call this new algorithm IMP-alpha-beta. We provide a theoretical framework (model) and analyze IMP-alpha-beta in that model. IMP-alpha-beta is of direct value for one-player, perfect-recall games. It also has strong potential for other imperfect information games, as it is a natural (but as yet untested) heuristic in those cases.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8640.1996.tb00256.x
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A STRENGTHENED ALGORITHM FOR TEMPORAL REASONING ABOUT PLANS (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Computational intelligence 12 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8640
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Allen's interval algebra has been shown to be useful for representing plans. We present a strengthened algorithm for temporal reasoning about plans, which improves on straightforward applications of the existing reasoning algorithms for the algebra. This is made possible by viewing plans as both temporal networks and hierarchical structures. The temporal network view allows us to check for inconsistencies as well as propagate the effects of new temporal constraints, whereas the hierarchical view helps us to get the strengthened results by taking into account the dependency relationships between actions.We further apply our algorithm to the process of plan recognition through the analysis of natural language input. We show that such an application has two useful effects: the temporal relations derived from the natural language input can be used as constraints to reduce the number of candidate plans, and the derived constraints can be made more specific by combining them with the prestored constraints in the plans being recognized.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8640.1996.tb00265.x
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    KNOWLEDGE-BASED FEATURE DISCOVERY FOR EVALUATION FUNCTIONS (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Computational intelligence 12 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8640
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Since Samuel's work on checkers over thirty years ago, much effort has been devoted to learning evaluation functions. However, all such methods are sensitive to the feature set chosen to represent the examples. If the features do not capture aspects of the examples significant for problem solving, the learned evaluation function may be inaccurate or inconsistent. Typically, good feature sets are carefully handcrafted and a great deal of time and effort goes into refining and tuning them. This paper presents an automatic knowledge-based method for generating features for evaluation functions. The feature set is developed iteratively: features are generated, then evaluated, and this information is used to develop new features in turn. Both the contribution of a feature and its computational expense are considered in determining whether and how to develop it further.This method has been applied to two problem-solving domains: the Othello board game and the domain of telecommunications network management. Empirical results show that the method is able to generate many known features and several novel features and to improve concept accuracy in both domains.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8640.1996.tb00252.x
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A PLANNING APPROACH TO DECLARER PLAY IN CONTRACT BRIDGE (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Computational intelligence 12 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8640
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Although game-tree search works well in perfect-information games, it is less suitable for imperfect-information games such as contract bridge. The lack of knowledge about the opponents’ possible moves gives the game tree a very large branching factor, making it impossible to search a significant portion of this tree in a reasonable amount of time.This paper describes our approach for overcoming this problem. We represent information about bridge in a task network extended to represent multi-agency and uncertainty. Our game-playing procedure uses this task network to generate game trees in which the set of alternative choices is determined not by the set of possible actions, but by the set of available tactical and strategic schemes.We have tested this approach on declarer play in the game of bridge, in an implementation called Tignum 2. On 5000 randomly generated notrump deals, Tignum 2 beat the strongest commercially available program by 1394 to 1302, with 2304 ties. These results are statistically significant at the α= 0.05 level. Tignum 2 searched an average of only 8745.6 moves per deal in an average time of only 27.5 seconds per deal on a Sun SPARCstation 10. Further enhancements to Tignum 2 are currently underway.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8640.1996.tb00255.x
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  • 11
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    NOTE OF APPRECIATION FROM THE EDITORS (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Computational intelligence 11 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8640
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8640.1995.tb00048.x
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  • 12
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A STRATEGIC METAGAME PLAYER FOR GENERAL CHESS-LIKE GAMES (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Computational intelligence 12 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8640
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: This paper introduces METAGAMER, the first program designed within the paradigm of Metagame-playing (Metagame). This program plays games in the class of symmetric chess-like games, which includes chess, Chinese chess, checkers, draughts, and Shogi. METAGAMER takes as input the rules of a specific game and analyzes those rules to construct an efficient representation and an evaluation function for that game; they are used by a generic search engine. The strategic analysis performed by METAGAMER relates a set of general knowledge sources to the details of the particular game. Among other properties, this analysis determines the relative value of the different pieces in a given game. Although METAGAMER does not learn from experience, the values resulting from its analysis are qualitatively similar to values used by experts on known games and are sufficient to produce competitive performance the first time METAGAMER plays a new game. Besides being the first Metagame-playing program, this is the first program to have derived useful piece values directly from analysis of the rules of different games. This paper describes the knowledge implemented in METAGAMER, illustrates the piece values METAGAMER derives for chess and checkers, and discusses experiments with METAGAMER on both existing and newly generated games.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8640.1996.tb00258.x
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  • 13
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    INTRACTABILITY IN THE ALLEN AND KOOMEN PLANNER (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Computational intelligence 11 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8640
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: The Allen and Koomen planner is intractable in two ways: the Allen interval algebra is an intractable temporal reasoner, and the collapsing problem introduces a large branching factor in the search space for a solution plan. We define independence and dependence for networks to address both problems. Independence is used to find a decomposition of an interval network, and dependence is used to focus search when faced with the collapsing problem.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8640.1995.tb00049.x
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  • 14
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    ON COMPUTING THE MINIMAL LABELS IN TIME POINT ALGEBRA NETWORKS (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Computational intelligence 11 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8640
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: We analyze the problem of computing the minimal labels for a network of temporal relations in point algebra. Van Beek proposes an algorithm for accomplishing this task, which takes O(max(n3, n2 m)) time (for n points and m ≠-relations). We show that the proof of the correctness of this algorithm given by van Beek and Cohen is faulty, and we provide a new proof showing that the algorithm is indeed correct.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8640.1995.tb00043.x
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  • 15
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A NEW METHOD FOR INFLUENCE DIAGRAM EVALUATION (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Computational intelligence 11 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8640
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: As influence diagrams become a popular representational tool for decision analysis, influence diagram evaluation attracts more and more research interests. In this article, we present a new, two-phase method for influence diagram evaluation. In our method, an influence diagram is first mapped onto a decision graph and then the analysis is carried out by evaluating the decision graph. Our method is more efficient than Howard and Matheson's because, among other reasons, our method generates a much smaller decision graph for the same influence diagram. Like those most recent algorithms reported in the literature, our method also provides a clean interface between influence diagram evaluation and Bayesian net evaluation. Consequently, various well-established algorithms for Bayesian net evaluation can be used in influence diagram evaluation. Furthermore, our method has a few unique merits. First, it takes advantage of asymmetry in influence diagrams to avoid unnecessary computation. Second, by using heuristic search techniques, it provides an explicit mechanism for using heuristic information that may be available in a domain-specific form. These additional merits make our method more efficient than the current algorithms in general. Finally, by using decision graphs as an intermediate representation, the value of perfect information can be computed in a more efficient way.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8640.1995.tb00046.x
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  • 16
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    VAGUENESS AND UNCERTAINTY: A ROUGH SET PERSPECTIVE (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Computational intelligence 11 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8640
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Vagueness and uncertainty have attracted the attention of philosophers and logicians for many years. Recently, AI researchers contributed essentially to this area of research. Fuzzy set theory and the theory of evidence are seemingly the most appealing topics. On this note we present a new approach, based on the rough set theory, for looking to these problems. The theory of rough sets seems a suitable mathematical tool for dealing with problems of vagueness and uncertainty. This paper is a modified version of the author's lecture titled “An inquiry into vagueness and uncertainty,” which was delivered at the AI Conference in Wigry (Poland), 1994.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8640.1995.tb00029.x
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  • 17
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    THE USEFULNESS OF A MACHINE LEARNING APPROACH TO KNOWLEDGE ACQUISITION (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Computational intelligence 11 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8640
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: This paper presents results of experiments showing how machine learning methods arc useful for rule induction in the process of knowledge acquisition for expert systems. Four machine learning methods were used: ID3, ID3 with dropping conditions, and two options of the system LERS (Learning from Examples based on Rough Sets): LEM1 and LEM2. Two knowledge acquisition options of LERS were used as well. All six methods were used for rule induction from six real-life data sets. The main objective was to lest how an expert system, supplied with these rule sets, performs without information on a few attributes. Thus an expert system attempts to classify examples with all missing values of some attributes. As a result of experiments, it is clear that all machine learning methods performed much worse than knowledge acquisition options of LERS. Thus, machine learning methods used for knowledge acquisition should be replaced by other methods of rule induction that will generate complete sets of rules. Knowledge acquisition options of LERS are examples of such appropriate ways of inducing rules for building knowledge bases.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8640.1995.tb00032.x
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  • 18
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    LEARNING IN RELATIONAL DATABASES: A ROUGH SET APPROACH (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Computational intelligence 11 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8640
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Knowledge discovery in databases, or dala mining, is an important direction in the development of data and knowledge-based systems. Because of the huge amount of data stored in large numbers of existing databases, and because the amount of data generated in electronic forms is growing rapidly, it is necessary to develop efficient methods to extract knowledge from databases. An attribute-oriented rough set approach has been developed for knowledge discovery in databases. The method integrates machine-learning paradigm, especially learning-from-examples techniques, with rough set techniques. An attribute-oriented concept tree ascension technique is first applied in generalization, which substantially reduces the computational complexity of database learning processes. Then the cause-effect relationship among the attributes in the database is analyzed using rough set techniques, and the unimportant or irrelevant attributes are eliminated. Thus concise and strong rules with little or no redundant information can be learned efficiently. Our study shows that attribute-oriented induction combined with rough set theory provide an efficient and effective mechanism for knowledge discovery in database systems.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8640.1995.tb00035.x
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  • 19
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    ROUGH SET REDUCTION OF ATTRIBUTES AND THEIR DOMAINS FOR NEURAL NETWORKS (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Computational intelligence 11 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8640
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: This paper presents an empirical study of the use of the rough set approach to reduction of data for a neural network classifying objects described by quantitative and qualitative attributes. Two kinds of reduction are considered: reduction of the set of attributes and reduction of the domains of attributes. Computational tests were performed with five data sets having different character, for original and two reduced representations of data. The learning time acceleration due to data reduction is up to 4.72 times. The resulting increase of misclassification error does not exceed 11.06%. These promising results let us claim that the rough set approach is a useful tool for preprocessing of data for neural networks.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8640.1995.tb00036.x
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  • 20
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    ON MODELING UNCERTAINTY WITH INTERVAL STRUCTURES (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Computational intelligence 11 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8640
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: In this paper, we introduce the notion of interval structures in an attempt to establish a unified framework for representing uncertain information. Two views are suggested for the interpretation of an interval structure. A typical example using the compatibility view is the rough set model in which the lower and upper approximations form an interval structure. Incidence calculus adopts the allocation view in which an interval structure is defined by the tightest lower and upper incidence bounds. The relationship between interval structures and interval-based numeric belief and plausibility functions is also examined. As an application of the proposed model, an algorithm is developed for computing the tightest incidence bounds.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8640.1995.tb00041.x
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  • 21
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    SIMPSON'S PARADOX IN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND IN REAL LIFE (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Computational intelligence 11 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8640
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: “Simpson's paradox,” first described nearly a century ago, is an anomaly that sometimes arises from pooling data. Dramatic instances of the paradox have occurred in real life in the domains of epidemiology and admissions policies. Many writers have recently described hypothetical examples of the paradox arising in other areas of life and it seems possible that the paradox may occur frequently in mundane domains but with less serious implications. Thus, it is not surprising that the paradox should arise in commonsense reasoning, that subarea of artificial intelligence that seeks to axiomatize reasoning in such mundane domains. It arises as the problem “approximate proof by cases” and the question of whether to accept it may well depend on whether we wish to construct performance or competence models of reasoning. This article gives a brief history of the paradox and discusses its occurrence in our own discipline. It argues that if the paradox occurs frequently but undramatically in real life, every uncertain reasoning system will have to deal with the problem in some way.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8640.1995.tb00021.x
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  • 22
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A LOGIC OF ARGUMENTATION FOR REASONING UNDER UNCERTAINTY (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Computational intelligence 11 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8640
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: We present the syntax and proof theory of a logic of argumentation, LA. We also outline the development of a category theoretic semantics for LA. LA is the core of a proof theoretic model for reasoning under uncertainty. In this logic, propositions are labeled with a representation of the arguments which support their validity. Arguments may then be aggregated to collect more information about the potential validity of the propositions of interest. We make the notion of aggregation primitive to the logic, and then define strength mappings from sets of arguments to one of a number of possible dictionaries. This provides a uniform framework which incorporates a number of numerical and symbolic techniques for assigning subjective confidences to propositions on the basis of their supporting arguments. These aggregation techniques are also described with examples.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8640.1995.tb00025.x
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  • 23
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    TIME, ACTION-TYPES, AND CAUSATION: AN INTEGRATED ANALYSIS (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Computational intelligence 11 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8640
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: In this paper we focus on the temporal constraints between causes and effects of causal relations, and, to deal correctly with such relations, we stress the importance of analyzing the action-types (aspectual category) of causes and effects. In particular, we propose a domain-independent ontology in which the distinctions between action-types (e.g., the distinction between durative and punctual situations) are dealt with, and different types of causal relations are distinguished, on the basis of (i) the temporal constraints they impose between causes and effects (these constraints are expressed in a temporal formalism that extends Vilain's point interval algebra) and (ii) the action-types of their causes and effects. Our ontology allows one to capture precisely the temporal constraints imposed by causation and the action-types of the related situations. Moreover, in case the user has no accurate knowledge about the action-types of some situations and/or the types of some causal connections to be dealt with, our formalism allows the user to leave the descriptions underspecified, and more specific pieces of information may be inferred. Inferences provide a flow of information about action-types to information about temporal constraints in causation and vice versa, and demonstrate that a deep integration of time and causation is provided also at the inferential level.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8640.1995.tb00047.x
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  • 24
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    INCREMENTAL CONCEPT FORMATION ALGORITHMS BASED ON GALOIS (CONCEPT) LATTICES (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Computational intelligence 11 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8640
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: The Galois (or concept) lattice produced from a binary relation has proved useful for many applications. Building the Galois lattice can be considered a conceptual clustering method because it results in a concept hierarchy. This article presents incremental algorithms for updating the Galois lattice and corresponding graph, resulting in an incremental concept formation method. Different strategies are considered based on a characterization of the modifications implied by such an update. Results of empirical tests are given in order to compare the performance of the incremental algorithms to three other batch algorithms. Surprisingly, when the total time for incremental generation is used, the simplest and less efficient variant of the incremental algorithms outperforms the batch algorithms in most cases. When only the incremental update time is used, the incremental algorithm outperforms all the batch algorithms. Empirical evidence shows that, on the average, the incremental update is done in time proportional to the number of instances previously treated. Although the worst case is exponential, when there is a fixed upper bound on the number of features related to an instance, which is usually the case in practical applications, the worst-case analysis of the algorithm also shows linear growth with respect to the number of instances.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8640.1995.tb00031.x
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  • 25
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    ESTIMATING DBLEARN'S POTENTIAL FOR KNOWLEDGE DISCOVERY IN DATABASES (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Computational intelligence 11 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8640
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: We propose a procedure for estimating DBLEARN's potential for knowledge discovery, given a relational database and concept hierarchies. This procedure is most useful for evaluating alternative concept hierarchies for the same database. The DBLEARN knowledge discovery program uses an attribute-oriented inductive-inference method to discover potentially significant high-level relationships in a database. A concept forest, with at most one concept hierarchy for each attribute, defines the possible generalizations that DBLEARN can make for a database. The potential for discovery in a database is estimated by examining the complexity of the corresponding concept forest. Two heuristic measures are defined based on the number, depth, and height of the interior nodes. Higher values for these measures indicate more complex concept forests and arguably more potential for discovery. Experimental results using a variety of concept forests and four commercial databases show that in practice both measures permit quite reliable decisions to be made; thus, the simplest may be most appropriate.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8640.1995.tb00033.x
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  • 26
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    RULE-BASED STABILIZATION OF THE INVERTED PENDULUM (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Computational intelligence 11 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8640
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: The inverted pendulum poses serious problems for qualitative modeling methods, so it is a good benchmark to lest their performance. This paper shows how a new data analysis method known as rough set theory can be utilized to swing up and stabilize the pendulum. Our approach to this task consists of deriving control rules from the actions of a human operator stabilizing the pendulum and subsequently using them for automatic control. Rule derivation is based on the “learning from examples” principle and does not require knowledge of a quantitative model of the system.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8640.1995.tb00037.x
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  • 27
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    EXTRACTING LAWS FROM DECISION TABLES: A ROUGH SET APPROACH (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Computational intelligence 11 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8640
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: We present some methods, based on the rough set and Boolean reasoning approaches, for extracting laws from decision tables. First we discuss several procedures for decision rules synthesis from decision tables. Next we show how to apply some near-to-functional relations between data to data filtration. Two methods of searching for new classifiers (features) are described: searching for new classifiers in a given set of logical formulas, and searching for some functions approximating near-to-functional relations.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8640.1995.tb00039.x
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  • 28
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    QUANTIFICATION OF UNCERTAINTY IN CLASSIFICATION RULES DISCOVERED FROM DATABASES (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Computational intelligence 11 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8640
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: We apply rough set constructs to inductive learning from a database. A design guideline is suggested, which provides users the option to choose appropriate attributes, for the construction of data classification rules. Error probabilities for the resultant rule are derived. A classification rule can be further generalized using concept hierarchies. The condition for preventing overgeneralization is derived. Moreover, given a constraint, an algorithm for generating a rule with minimal error probability is proposed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8640.1995.tb00042.x
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  • 29
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Standardising the elimination of unnecessary data from interview transcripts for the purposes of knowledge-based systems — a case study (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 13 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Abstract: Although knowledge elicitation, the process of extracting knowledge from human experts to be incorporated into a knowledge-based system, has been the subject of some notable studies, less attention has been paid to the methods of analysing the raw data once it has been extracted from the expert. When knowledge elicitation sessions are interview-based, the resultant form of raw data is usually a transcript of the interviewee's utterances. This paper describes an investigation into the preliminary stage of analysing such transcripts. It outlines the development of an approach to eliminate unnecessary detail from interview transcripts, thus enabling attention to be focused upon the remaining, more relevant data via a simple technique based upon cheap and readily available technology. The paper then outlines a rapid-prototyping approach for evaluating this method, the results of which were felt to be very encouraging.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1996.tb00279.x
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  • 30
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Book Reviews (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 13 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1996.tb00284.x
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  • 31
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Diary (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 13 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1996.tb00286.x
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  • 32
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Call for Papers (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 13 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1996.tb00287.x
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  • 33
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    An expert system approach to fault diagnosis in hydraulic systems (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 12 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Abstract: Increased interest in problem-solving decisions in the area of engineering leads to an increased demand for expert system applications. This paper presents an expert system that detects faults in hydraulic systems by simulating the reasoning of the expert, using as guide the hydraulic circuit of the system on the screen and extensive graphical information. A graphical user interface, appropriate explanations by using hypertext and user modelling have been implemented in order to produce a system that overcomes the usual interface problems of expert systems in engineering. This system has been developed in close collaboration with the company Automation Systems SA (Mannesmann Rexroth — Greece) and is currently used to detect faults in hydraulic presses, a fact that presents evidence of its usefulness.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1995.tb00269.x
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  • 34
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Reimbursements up, coding time down (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 12 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1995.tb00273.x
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  • 35
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The design and implementation of an intelligent query tool for relational databases (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 12 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Abstract: Retrieving ad hoc data from information systems is difficult for non-expert users. Despite the efforts made in improving query tools (e.g. visual query construction, Query By Example, query templates), empirical research shows that constructing a request is still difficult (Reisner 1988). The core of the problem seems to be in the difference between the way the user perceives the application domain and the way the system requires the user to see it (Carroll & Olsen 1988). In this paper we describe the design and implementation of an ad hoc query tool developed by RCC for a personnel information system, and how AI techniques contributed to this module. The main novel idea incorporated in the query tool is to present the user with a means to question the conceptual model of the system instead of the technical model. To support this, a blackboard architecture has been designed and implemented with knowledge sources that translate the user's questions to database queries. The query tool is used in daily practice by over 100 users.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1995.tb00272.x
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  • 36
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A generalised fuzzy reasoning algorithm for an object-oriented expert system tool (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 12 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Abstract: A fuzzy reasoning algorithm is presented in this paper. It is based on the concept of a generalised fuzzy production rule that adds new conjunctions such as ADD and REL to the usual AND and OR conjunctions for the linkage of premises in conventional rules. A definition is given for weights and related factors, to express and measure a relation between the premises. A formal representation for fuzzy premises is presented, together with the introduction of a fuzzy match method. Multiple thresholds are used to convert the uncertainty measures of reasoning results into linguistic variables. We have applied the fuzzy reasoning algorithm to a frame-based hybrid expert system tool. An object-oriented approach is used in implementing the system. Some results of the application are presented and discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1995.tb00109.x
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  • 37
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Toward an intelligent architectural design aid (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 12 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Abstract: Architectural design is a complex task which requires expert knowledge, a great deal of experience and no small amount of creativity and artistic flair. However, while humans are very good at creativity, intuition, artistry and evaluation, they are notoriously bad at routine mundane tasks. Searching through large databases of past designs can be such a task. This can result in useful design knowledge being ignored. In this paper we present a way to aid architects in their work by providing a software tool aimed at recording, retrieving and evaluating architectural designs.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1995.tb00110.x
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  • 38
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A bibliography of neural network business applications research: 1988–September 1994 (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 12 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Abstract: The purpose of this research is to present a comprehensive bibliography of neural network application research in business. One hundred and twenty-seven neural network application papers and reports are identified through exhaustive literature searches. A classification of these articles by application area reveals that neural networks are being used for a diverse range of corporate functional activities, particularly in the areas of production/operations and finance. Information on the neural network development language/tool, the learning paradigm and the computer operating environment as reported in each article is included. Those journals which have published the most neural network business applications are also presented.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1995.tb00114.x
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  • 39
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A neural network-based real-time robot tracking controller using position sensitive detectors (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 12 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Abstract: A real-time visual servo tracking system for an industrial robot has been developed. Instead of a charge coupled device (CCD), a position sensitive detector (PSD) is used as the real-time vision sensor due to its fast response (the light position is transduced to analogue current). A neural network learns the complex association between the 3D object position and its sensor reading, and uses it to track that object, either moving or stationary. It also turns out that this scheme lends itself to a user-friendly way to teach workpaths for industrial robots. Furthermore, for real-time use of the neural net, an efficient neural network architecture has been developed based on the concept of input space partitioning and local learning. Real experiments indicate the system's characteristics of fast processing and learning as well as optimal usage of network resources.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1995.tb00044.x
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  • 40
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Negotiation in a knowledge-based concurrent engineering design environment (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 12 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Abstract: Computational support for concurrent engineering design presents a number of issues in the design of knowledge-based systems. A fundamental concern is the need to provide the life-cycle perspective in recommending design alternatives. It is argued that such a complex knowledge-based system should be distributed, due to the inherent problems with large knowledge bases and the maintenance of consistency. Inconsistent local views of a problem and different priorities on design issues are expected between different knowledge-based design perspectives. These inconsistencies and different priorities will lead inherently to conflict which has to be resolved. This paper addresses the issues and key variables in conflict resolution and presents a strategy that can be applied for managing the conflict resolution process. We propose negotiation as the method of analysing a conflict situation, applying an appropriate conflict resolution strategy and monitoring its performance. We present an overview of the nature of conflict and some conflict resolution strategies, and see in what situations certain strategies are appropriate.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1995.tb00046.x
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  • 41
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Book Reviews (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 12 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1995.tb00049.x
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  • 42
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Applications (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 12 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1995.tb00051.x
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  • 43
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Expert systems (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 12 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1995.tb00052.x
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  • 44
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    An expert system for unit commitment and power demand prediction using fuzzy logic and neural networks (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 13 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Abstract: The paper discusses the implementation of a fuzzy logic and artificial neural networks approach to providing a structural framework for the representation, manipulation and utilisation of data and information concerning prediction of power demand and generation commitments. An algorithm has been implemented and trained to predict the power demand at each load point on an hourly basis. The neural network is then implemented to supply the brute force necessary to accommodate the large amount of sensory data to provide the initial evaluation of the generation units to be committed. Results of the fuzzy model show a reasonable correspondence with the actual power demand. A standard deviation error for an hourly based prediction is limited to 4.4. Further refinement of the fuzzy model may produce further improvements. Implementation of artificial neural networks for scheduling an hourly unit commitment based on load demands is also discussed The backpropagation technique based on the I/O mapping method has been chosen for structuring the neural network. Geographically related load points and generating units are clustered into groups. Grouping has significantly reduced the number of inputs and outputs to the neural network and, hence, reduced the system complexity. As a result, both training requirements and running real time interaction are significantly improved. The expert system would replace and utilise the requirement for skilled dispatchers in scheduling the generators. It is anticipated that this facility is more accurate, dynamic, adaptive and more efficient than a skilled dispatcher. The overall cost of power generation is expected to be less if the new facility is used. Initial results have reflected a satisfactory correlation between predicted and actual results, with a standard deviation error of 1.71% and 1.96% in the base load units of HTPS and ATPS respectively.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1996.tb00281.x
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  • 45
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Process factors in knowledge acquisition (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 13 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Abstract: Knowledge acquisition (KA) is often characterised as a crucial bottleneck in the development of expert system applications. General definitions of KA view it as a collection of subprocesses such as elicitation, analysis and representation, but in actual practice, each KA occurrence may involve one or all of these subprocesses in varying sequences and combinations. No model or framework currently exists for describing the many possible variations in KA processes as they actually occur. This article presents a new way of characterising knowledge acquisition processes that is not tied to one particular technique or approach to KA. Three nested levels are proposed to characterise the many possible variations and combinations of KA dynamics: the process, episode and transaction levels of analysis. Each of these is further delineated in a top-down manner. Not only does this scheme provide a fairly comprehensive means for viewing KA dynamics as a whole, but it suggests several factors that have heretofore drawn little research attention. The suggested constructs capture more accurately what actually occurs in the practice of KA. In so doing they also provide the foundation for structuring future research into how KA processes may unfold.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1996.tb00283.x
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  • 46
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Citation-based journal rankings for expert system research (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 12 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Abstract: Research into the development and impacts of expert systems has accumulated to a point where it may be said to constitute a distinct field of study. As such, the evolution, organisation and dissemination of expert system research are themselves topics for investigation. Here we focus on the dissemination aspect, providing objective rankings of journals that have had the greatest impacts on recent expert system research. Our study examines the citation patterns of all research published in five expert systems journals during the past five years. Over 14 000 citations to more than 800 journals are analysed under two kinds of ranking schemes. These are based on cumulative citation counts and normalised citation counts. The latter adjusts for the number of years a journal article has been available to be cited. The reported rankings will be of interest to all who want to know where scientific developments that influence expert system research are reported: those who conduct, support, evaluate and study expert system research.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1995.tb00268.x
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  • 47
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The resurgence of the AI field: IJCAI‘95, Montreal, 20–25 August 1995 (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 12 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1995.tb00274.x
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  • 48
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    News (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 12 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1995.tb00276.x
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  • 49
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Call for Papers (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 12 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1995.tb00278.x
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  • 50
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The MD Shell and its use to develop Dust-Expert (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 12 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Abstract: In this paper we describe TheMD (The Methods Designer) shell and its use in the development of an expert system, known as Dust-Expert, for the relief of dust explosions. We begin by providing the motivation for the development of TheMD Shell by evaluating a prototype implementation of Dust-Expert using a conventional shell. This evaluation is carried out in terms of the transparency, reliability and extensibility of the system.The lessons learned from this evaluation have led to the development of TheMD Shell. We describe the main features of the shell which include more appropriate schemas, more complete explanation capabilities, a ranking scheme and equation-solving capabilities. We illustrate the use of the schemas and the importance of the equation-solving capabilities by examples from the domain of dust explosions. We also provide a formal specification of the ranking scheme that we adopt. We conclude by highlighting the benefits of our approach in comparison to the usual process of developing knowledge-based systems.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1995.tb00112.x
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  • 51
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Book Reviews (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 12 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Subjective Probability George Wright and Peter Ayton (Eds.)Knowledge-based Information Systems D. Partridge and K. M. HussainIntelligent Agents: the New Revolution in Software Christine Guilfoyle and Ellie WarnerHigh Performance Computing Demystified D. Loshin, AP ProfessionalKnowledge Processing and Applied Artificial Intelligence Soumitra Dutta
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1995.tb00116.x
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  • 52
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A knowledge-based framework for planning non-destructive evaluation (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 12 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Abstract: A knowledge-based system (KBS) could be an ideal decision tool to reduce the complexity of planning non-destructive evaluation (NDE) or scheduling inspections. Such a KBS would have to evaluate the advantages and limitations of each available technique, given the specificity of a problem, and incorporate the fundamental knowledge derived from failure analysis. The KBS should include topics such as materials vs. defect size and type, probability of failure, and basic reliability information. In order to organise knowledge of materials degradation efficiently, the parameters that control various forms of failure first have to be rationalised in a general framework. This framework and their factors would then constitute a quantitative and easily programmable description of the independent variables controlling the intensity of a failure. This paper describes such a framework which could guide the general selection of NDE for materials failure, with a particular emphasis on corrosion related failures. The framework architecture itself was constructed using an object-oriented methodology for maximum flexibility, since it was anticipated that the materials parameters could easily be described as multidimensional objects.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1995.tb00043.x
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  • 53
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Countermatch in the community (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 12 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1995.tb00050.x
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  • 54
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Computers learn to smell and taste (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 12 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Abstract: They all stink: food and drink, perfumery, household products, soaps, shampoos, paints, manufacturing processes, printing processes, waste products, contaminated air, and automotive emissions and environmental testing. In every case, small is a criterion of quality.Automated techniques to ‘smell’ or ‘taste’ liquids using mass spectrometry and gas chromatography are time consuming, require skilled personnel and often do not give the information required for qualitative ‘testing’. A new technique is now available due to the advances in neural computing technology and multi-sensor array technology. The combination of these two approaches tries to simulate the human olfactory system in a simplified form. This paper shows that the recognition ability of an odour sensor array will be significantly improved using a neural computing approach in order to discriminate between similar odours.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1995.tb00048.x
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  • 55
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Expert systems (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 12 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1995.tb00030.x
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  • 56
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Virtual reality applications (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 12 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1995.tb00056.x
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  • 57
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Virtual reality tools (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 12 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1995.tb00034.x
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  • 58
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Speech recognition (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 12 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1995.tb00037.x
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  • 59
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Fuzzy logic (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 12 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1995.tb00040.x
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  • 60
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Knowledge types: a practical approach to guide knowledge engineering in domains of building design (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 13 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Abstract: This paper presents experiences and findings achieved through several expert system projects in domains of technical buiding design. The main focus is on knowledge acquisition and knowledge decomposition. Different approaches are presented and discussed. Four types of knowledge are presented: object knowledge, performance knowledge, event knowledge and metaknowledge, and the applicability of this classification to building design is justified. The paper includes a listing of experiences gained by real world testing of an expert system, and finally we outline guidelines to knowledge engineering in the domain of technical building
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1996.tb00186.x
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  • 61
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A comparison of knowledge elicitation methods (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 13 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: This paper describes a computer based approach to comparing data obtained for Knowledge Based Systems via established but very varied knowledge elicitation (KE) techniques. It describes not only the detailed comparison of different KE methods (in this case ‘scaling’ and ‘non-scaling’) but also investigates the use of ‘demonstration’ or ‘evaluation’ systems, as a variation on the more established rapid prototyping approaches to the elicitation and evaluation of knowledge for KBS construction, in this case by focusing upon the quality and relevance of the elicited knowledge from the perspective of the expert himself. Preliminary results from the study reported here suggest that non-scaling methods produce a greater amount of raw data than scaling methods, and that this data is less likely to require correction or modification for inclusion within a Knowledge Based System. However, the results also indicate that non-scaling derived data is more likely than scaling derived data data to be rejected outright.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1996.tb00125.x
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  • 62
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Applications of artificial neural networks to the nonlinear combination of forecasts (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 13 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Abstract: This paper proposes artificial neural networks (ANN) as a tool for nonlinear combination of forecasts. In this study, three forecasting models are used for individual forecasts, and then two linear combining methods are used to compare with the ANN combining method. The comparative experiment using real-world data shows that the prediction by the ANN method outperforms those by linear combining methods. The paper suggests that the ANN method can be used as an alternative to conventional linear combining methods to achieve greater forecasting accuracy.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1996.tb00119.x
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  • 63
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    News (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 13 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1996.tb00123.x
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  • 64
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Importance of information pre-processing in the improvement of neural network results (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 13 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Abstract: This paper compares the success ratio of certain topologies when their input data are changed through different pre-processing methods. It begins with the database description, and it shows some different kinds of pre-processing that will be applied and the necessary modifications to the input layer of the network. The process is carried out using four networks with supervised learning (Standard Backpropagation, Quick propagation, Resilient Propagation and Backpropagation with Momentum) and two with unsupervised learning (ART 1 and Dynamic Learning Vector Quantization).
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1996.tb00182.x
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  • 65
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A knowledge-based framework for intelligent-data migration (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 13 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Abstract: The Object-Inferencing Framework (OIF) is a knowledge-based system developed for intelligent-data migration. The framework provides a mechanism to integrate relational data which represents a source model; a project-specific rulebase which specifies plausible migration scenarios; and a deduction system to facilitate the migration of source data to a new, complex target model. Typically, the target model includes constituents that possess both graphic and tabular components. Although the framework is experimental, industrial applications built upon OIF have been successfully deployed in scenarios in which the source data contained implicit information in that semantic relationships and structure conveyed by the data had to be inferred by a domain expert. This framework provides a substrate for migration from any unstructured or semi-structured data representation to a complex, semantically rich target data model. Examples of the migration of CAD data, which represents an electrical-distribution system, to a client-server based Automated Mapping/Facilities Management (AM/FM) platform are presented to convey the salient features of the design and utility of the OIF. Even though the examples are taken from a specific domain, the approach has potential applications in a myriad of domains, including business enterprises in which the migration of data created and managed by legacy systems to object-oriented and clientserver environments is an area of intense research and development.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1996.tb00184.x
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  • 66
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Book Reviews (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 13 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: A Review of Industrial Case-Based Reasoning Tools Klaus-Dieter Althoff, Eric Auriol, Ralph Barletta and Michel ManagoSmalltalk: An Introduction to Application Development Using Visual Works Trevor Hopkins and Bernard Horan, Prentice HallIntelligent Control in Biomedicine D.A. Linkens (Ed.)Multisensor Integration and Fusion for Intelligent Machines and Systems edited by Ren C. Luo and Michael G. Kay, AblexDelphi Nuts & Bolts for Experienced Programmers G. Cornell and T. Strain
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1996.tb00187.x
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  • 67
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A framework for the generation of project-specific quality control for knowledge-based system development (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 13 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: : This paper describes a framework for the generation of quality control procedures for knowledge-based system (KBS) projects. KBS projects have their own brand of technical difficulties. These are discussed, and the mismatch between KBS projects and traditional software quality assurance (SQA) approaches is described. An iterative approach to quality is suggested based upon Boehm's Spiral Model of project management. The principles of this approach are described followed by a description of the elements of the framework under development, including inputs, outputs and internal functionality. The operation of the framework is then demonstrated in relation to the Spiral Model. Application of the framework to KBS development project issues is then discussed in relation to current guidelines for KBS quality assurance.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1996.tb00282.x
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  • 68
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    News (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 13 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1996.tb00285.x
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  • 69
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A knowledge-based approach for task allocation in heterogeneous distributed computer systems (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 12 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Abstract: This paper presents a knowledge-based system for task allocation in a network of processors. Since the problem is NP-complete, optimisation techniques are computationally prohibitive and impractical. Our approach reduces computational burden by using (1) a two-level hierarchical scheduling model to alleviate the problem complexity, and (2) a search strategy that uses knowledge from the knowledge base to limit the search space to a manageable size. The major goal of our approach is to generate good but not necessarily optimal solutions quickly. The system is implemented on a Sun SPARCstation 1 + using Common Lisp. Our computational experience in using this system for task allocation indicates that the two-level hierarchical approach generates better schedules in shorter computational time than a non-hierarchical approach.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1995.tb00267.x
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  • 70
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Integration of human knowledge and machine knowledge by using fuzzy post adjustment: its performance in stock market timing prediction (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 12 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Abstract: This paper proposes a fuzzy post adjustment (FPA) mechanism so that human knowledge and machine knowledge can be integrated more synergistically to improve the performance of expert systems. Machine knowledge means knowledge algorithmically derived from past instances. Human knowledge implies (1) expert knowledge judging the trends of external factors and (2) user knowledge representing users’personal views about information given by both expert knowledge and machine knowledge. We consider an expert system that uses the FPA mechanism to incorporate the effect of external factors effectively into its inference process. The goal of this expert system is stock market timing prediction, which is divided into four kinds: bull, edged-up, edged-down and bear. Empirical tests showed that the proposed FPA mechanism can improve the performance of an expert system significantly, even in a turbulent decision-making environment.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1995.tb00270.x
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  • 71
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Laddering (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 12 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Abstract: There is still a need for new knowledge elicitation techniques and tools. Laddering is a technique which has a long history in a wide range of disciplines and which has proved extremely useful in knowledge elicitation. There have, however, been few attempts to describe and survey the technique per se. This paper describes the technique, its background, its use, analysis, and automation, with particular reference to knowledge elicitation. The advantages and disadvantages of the technique are described. It is concluded that laddering is a valuable technique which could be used in a wide range of settings.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1995.tb00271.x
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  • 72
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Diary (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 12 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1995.tb00277.x
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  • 73
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Book Reviews (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 12 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: The Art and Science of Smalltalk: An Introduction to Object Oriented Programming Using VisualWorks Simon LewisThe Book of GENESIS: Exploring Realistic Neural Models with the General Neural Simulation System James Bower and D. BeemanThe Book of GENESIS: Exploring Real istic Neural Models with the General Neural Simulation System James Bower and D. BeemanThe ISDN Literacy Book Gerald L. HopkinsThe Virtual Reality Casebook Carl Eugene LoeHer and Tim
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1995.tb00275.x
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  • 74
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Uncertainty in telecommunication network design (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 12 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Abstract: The design of telecommunication networks is a complex activity involving a vast amount of input data and numerous design rules. Much of the data is estimated and many of the rules are based upon experiential knowledge. The use of existing uncertainty techniques in expert systems is not really suited to the complexity of telecommunication network design. Having investigated the uncertainty problem, it is believed that a more rational method has been found for use in this application area. The paper presents the ‘Uncertainty Window’technique and its testing on one aspect of network design, namely that of network synchronisation.The essence of this uncertainty process is one of associating individual uncertainty windows with the relevant rules, data and facts of a design problem, which results in providing the network designer with an insight into the possible uncertainties within a design at each stage of the process. It indicates which information sources provide the dominant uncertainty and which assumptions are critical, needing further investigation, in order to improve the level of confidence in the overall design. The windowing technique works by virtue of its ability to retain the composition of the uncertainties within the problem and their associated values, assumptions, and so forth and allows for better solutions to be obtained.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1995.tb00111.x
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  • 75
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    DTI begins the wind-down (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 12 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1995.tb00115.x
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  • 76
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Prolog/Rex inference engine (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 12 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Abstract: Prolog/Rex supports the construction of knowledge-based systems, allowing frames (Prolog/Rex concepts) and rules to be combined, and providing language level support for hypothetical reasoning and assumption-based truth maintenance (Prolog/Rex viewpoint mechanism). To increase run-time performance during rule execution, Prolog/Rex provides two complementary rule compilation techniques: the simple indexing scheme and the heavily modified Rete expansion method. To improve the efficiency of the inference engine, we built an agenda-based rule manager that uses priority mechanism and/or heuristics embedded in meta-rules to control the rule firing order. Forward- and backward-chaining can be combined within the same program.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1995.tb00113.x
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  • 77
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    News (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 12 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1995.tb00117.x
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  • 78
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    Digitale Medien
    Fuzzy temporal reasoning for process supervision (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 12 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Abstract: Process supervision consists of following the temporal evolution (change) of process behaviours. This task has usually been performed based on the knowledge and experience of domain experts and operators. Actually, these experts and operators almost always express their experience and knowledge about process evolution in an imprecise, fuzzy and vague way. A good supervision system should be capable of dealing at once with two different kinds of knowledge: time and uncertainty.For many years, time and uncertainty have been two of the most important topics in Artificial Intelligence research and applications. Many approaches have been proposed to deal with either one or the other. Among the various approaches for time, reified logic has been considered as the most influent one. Possibilistic logic, on the other hand, has shown its ability to handle uncertain knowledge and information. This paper describes an approach for managing temporal uncertainty based on fuzzy logic and possibility theory. A fuzzy temporal expert system shell has been developed to perform process supervision tasks.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1995.tb00045.x
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  • 79
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    An object-oriented system for ergonomic risk assessment (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 12 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Abstract: During the last decade, cumulative trauma disorders have become a major concern both to occupational health and safety professionals and manufacturing industries. This paper will present the development of a knowledge-based system for predicting the potential of developing strain injuries among employees exposed to repetitive and forceful activities. This potential is identified through the use of an expert system incorporating a fuzzy set algorithm. Recommendations for the prevention of the resulting CTDs are then provided by the system. The system executes on a microcomputer platform, and was constructed utilising a commercial object-oriented expert system shell.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1995.tb00047.x
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  • 80
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Intelligent agents (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 12 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1995.tb00054.x
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  • 81
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Object-oriented technology (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 12 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1995.tb00055.x
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  • 82
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Speech recognition (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 12 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1995.tb00060.x
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  • 83
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Company news (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 12 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1995.tb00061.x
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  • 84
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    History spot (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 12 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1995.tb00062.x
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  • 85
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A word of expert advice for Swedish VAT advisors (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 12 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1995.tb00025.x
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  • 86
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Parallel implementation of the fuzzy ARTMAP neural network paradigm on a hypercube (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 12 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Abstract: The recent surge of interest in connectionist models arose through the availability of high speed parallel supercomputers and the advent of new learning algorithms. The computations performed on concurrent architectures are less costly than similar ones performed on sequential machines. In this paper, the design and implementation of a parallel version of fuzzy ARTMAP (Carpenter et al. 1992), which encompasses both neural and fuzzy logic, is discussed. Fuzzy ARTMAP is a supervised learning algorithm utilising two fuzzy ART modules and an associated mapping network. A simplified version of fuzzy ARTMAP (SFAM) was designed by incorporating a simplification of the match tracking concept on unsupervised fuzzy ART paradigms. The proposed simplified version consists of only one fuzzy ART module and an associated mapping network. A parallel fuzzy ARTMAP (PFAM) algorithm is then designed and implemented on a hypercube simulator (iPSC). The algorithm is parallelised for any architecture and, with the exception of issues related to communications, the implementation remains the same on any type of parallel machine. PFAM enjoys the advantage of reduced training time that makes the algorithm a successful candidate for applications that require both online testing and training. Such applications can range from underwater sonar detection and chemical plant processing control to nuclear reactor process control, flexible manufacturing and systems analysis.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1995.tb00024.x
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  • 87
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Book Reviews (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 12 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1995.tb00027.x
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  • 88
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Neural networks (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 12 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1995.tb00053.x
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  • 89
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Virtual reality applications (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 12 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1995.tb00033.x
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  • 90
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Languages (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 12 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1995.tb00059.x
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  • 91
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Designing for flexibility: a case study (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 12 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Abstract: Expert systems have traditionally been designed with one particular purpose in mind, whether problem-solving, critiquing etc. When the system is intended for users with varying background knowledge it becomes necessary to provide different facilities for different groups of users, which in turn puts demands on how the knowledge must be represented. This paper describes an industrial prototype—Protein Purification Advisor (PPA)—in the area of protein purification, and how a suitable choice of knowledge representation has allowed us to use the same knowledge for a number of purposes including those mentioned above. Particular interest is laid on the topic of how to represent the heuristic knowledge and how to use it in actual decision-making.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1995.tb00023.x
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  • 92
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Applying KADS to KADS: knowledge-based guidance for knowledge engineering (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 12 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Abstract: The KADS methodology (Schreiber et al. 1993; Tansley & Hayball 1993) and its successor, CommonKADS (Wielinga et al. 1992) have proved to be very useful approaches for modelling the various transformations involved between eliciting knowledge from an expert and encoding this knowledge in a computer program. These transformations are represented in a series of models. While it is widely agreed that these methods are excellent approaches from a theoretical viewpoint, the documentation provided concentrates on defining what models should be produced, with only general guidance on how the models should be produced. This has the advantage of making KADS and CommonKADS widely applicable, but it also means that considerable training and experience is required to become proficient in them. This paper reviews three projects that investigated the feasibility of producing specific guidance for certain decisions which are required when using KADS or CommonKADS to develop a knowledge-based system. Guidance was produced for the identification of the generic task addressed by a knowledge-based system; for the selection of appropriate AI techniques for implementing the analysed knowledge; and for selecting a suitable tool for implementing the system. Each set of guidance was encoded in its own knowledge-based system, which was itself developed with the assistance of KADS or CommonKADS. These projects therefore both studied and applied KADS and CommonKADS in order to produce knowledge-based guidance for knowledge engineers. The projects showed that it was feasible to produce heuristic guidance which could be understood, applied and occasionally overridden by knowledge engineers. The guidance provides reasonably experienced knowledge engineers with a framework for making the key decisions required by CommonKADS, in the same way that CommonKADS provides knowledge engineers with a framework for representing knowledge. The projects also produced some new insights about CommonKADS domain modelling and about the process of task identification.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1995.tb00022.x
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  • 93
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Applications (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 12 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1995.tb00029.x
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  • 94
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Intelligent agents (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 12 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1995.tb00032.x
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  • 95
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Tools (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 12 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1995.tb00035.x
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  • 96
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Hardware (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 12 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1995.tb00038.x
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  • 97
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Company news (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 12 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1995.tb00041.x
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  • 98
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Conferences, courses, seminars (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 12 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1995.tb00042.x
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  • 99
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    VALIDATION OF FIRST-ORDER RULE-BASED SYSTEMS (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Computational intelligence 12 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8640
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Knowledge base validation and knowledge base refinement aim to help the expert to improve an existing knowledge base. They deal with the final knowledge acquisition phase and rely on a quality measurement of an existing knowledge base. We present our approach to knowledge base refinement, which is based on results in the domain of knowledge base validation. Our approach is based on a general consistency definition of a knowledge base and on a study of causes of knowledge base inconsistency. Our approach relies significantly on a differentiation of sure and expert knowledge in the knowledge base. We have implemented a system that has two phases: one computational phase decides on the consistency of a knowledge base, and, if necessary, a second phase helps the expert to interactively update the knowledge base. We present some related work in the domain. We illustrate the use of our system with an example.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8640.1996.tb00275.x
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  • 100
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    COMPUTATION OF BEST BOUNDS OF PROBABILITIES FROM UNCERTAIN DATA (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Computational intelligence 12 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8640
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: An uncertainty reasoning method is presented in this article. The method can be used to compute from a given set of conditional probabilities the best lower bounds and the best upper bounds of those conditional probabilities that are not explicitly provided. The computation of the best upper(lower) bound of such a conditional probability relies on solution of a linear programming problem. Some reduction techniques are proposed in this article to improve the efficiency of our uncertainty reasoning method. As illustrated in Section 4.3, for many uncertainty reasoning problems in medical diagnosis, by using our reduction techniques, the best range of a conditional probability, which is specified by a lower bound and an upper bound, can be computed in polynomial time in terms of the number of basic events involved in the reasoning.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8640.1996.tb00276.x
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