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  • Artikel  (239)
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd  (152)
  • Blackwell Publishers Ltd  (87)
  • 1995-1999  (239)
  • Informatik  (239)
  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Editorial (1999)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Expert systems 16 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0394.00113
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Integrating symbolic and numerical features for fault prediction and diagnosis by an expert system (1999)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Expert systems 16 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: This paper addresses the topic of a predictive task after integration of symbolic and numerical features by a hybrid diagnostic expert system. The online interaction of information and knowledge from various sources is achieved after successful combination of different development environments, tools and programs. The system infers using cooperatively dynamic modelling information, online sensor information, and stored knowledge in the knowledge base.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0394.00114
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A hybrid knowledge-based system applied to epidemic screening (1999)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Expert systems 16 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Although many knowledge-based systems (KBSs) focus on single-paradigm approaches to encoding knowledge (such as production rules), experts rarely use a single type of knowledge in solving a problem. More often, an expert will apply a number of reasoning mechanisms. In recent years, rule-based reasoning (RBR), case-based reasoning (CBR) and model-based reasoning (MBR) have emerged as important and complementary reasoning methodologies in artificial intelligence. For complex problem solving, it is useful to integrate RBR, CBR and MBR. In this paper, a hybrid KBS which integrates a deductive RBR system, an inductive CBR system and a quantitative MBR system is proposed for epidemic screening. The system has been tested using real data, and results are encouraging.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0394.00116
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Diary (1999)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Expert systems 16 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0394.00121
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Representing diverse mathematical problems using neural networks in hybrid intelligent systems (1999)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Expert systems 16 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: In recent years, artificial neural networks have attracted considerable attention as candidates for novel computational systems. Computer scientists and engineers are developing neural networks as representational and computational models for problem solving: neural networks are expected to produce new solutions or alternatives to existing models. This paper demonstrates the flexibility of neural networks for modeling and solving diverse mathematical problems including Taylor series expansion, Weierstrass’s first approximation theorem, linear programming with single and multiple objectives, and fuzzy mathematical programming. Neural network representations of such mathematical problems may make it possible to overcome existing limitations, to find new solutions or alternatives to existing models, and to achieve synergistic effects through hybridization.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0394.00118
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Proposing an architectural framework of a hybrid knowledge-based system for production rescheduling (1999)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Expert systems 16 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: An architectural configuration of a knowledge-based system for production rescheduling reported in this paper uncovers a number of points of interest to practitioners as well as researchers. The study shows that knowledge-based methods applied to production rescheduling are a valuable approach for manufacturers to manage production disturbances and deliver customer orders on time. Very often, developing an effective scheduling system whilst solving some problems requires an appropriate combination of a rigorous analysis of the production system state and the rules of thumb used by the human scheduler. In the actual performance of this hybrid system, an expert simulation system was used to produce new schedules that fit the real production environment.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0394.00119
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    AI in the next millennium (1999)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Expert systems 16 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0394.00103
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Expert knowledge acquisition and the unwilling expert: a knowledge engineering perspective (1999)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Expert systems 16 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Expert systems are an evolving technology with the potential to make human expertise widely and cheaply available. The literature describing the development of expert systems generally assumes that experts willingly give up their knowledge. This is unrealistic and may be a reason why most expert system projects fail. This paper explores the problem of unwilling experts from the perspective of a knowledge engineer building an expert system. The link between knowledge and organizational power is established and human motivation theories are discussed. Finally, a new motivational approach is introduced to help the knowledge engineer deal with unwilling experts.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0394.00104
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A knowledge sorting process for a product design expert system (1999)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Expert systems 16 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Knowledge sorting is one way to organize the knowledge acquired from the domain expert(s) and various sources. Well-organized knowledge representation will make rule extraction much easier. This paper describes a knowledge sorting process that was developed to facilitate the rule extraction for a product design expert system. The process capitalizes on the relationships between design attributes and factors, dependent and independent variables, and consists of three stages: identification of knowledge sources, generation of taxonomic trees, and organization of acquired knowledge. An example applies the sorting process to the development of an expert system for the design of wood head golf clubs.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0394.00106
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The rise and ‘fall’ of expert systems in medicine (1999)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Expert systems 16 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: This paper represents a personal perspective on the last 13 years of research in medical artificial intelligence and expert systems, and describes the progress of the discipline from its inception to its current status. The challenges faced by researchers are examined, and it is argued that (despite the claims) theoretical and technical limitations are not the major barriers to the successful implementation of medical artificial intelligence and expert systems, but rather more complex professional and organizational issues are at stake.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0394.00107
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  • 11
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A function-centered framework for reasoning about system failure at multiple levels of abstraction (1999)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Expert systems 16 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: This paper presents the knowledge organization for a simulation subsystem that is a component of a comprehensive expert system for failure modes and effects analysis. Organizing the simulation subsystem’s knowledge base around a function-centered ontology produces an architecture that facilitates reasoning about an engineering design at multiple levels of abstraction and throughout the life-cycle of the design. Moreover, the resulting architecture provides the capability for incorporating computer-aided analysis and design tools early on into the conceptual design of an engineering system before a commitment is made to a specific technology to implement the system’s behavior. The result is an expert system simulation knowledge source that can be used to reason about the effects of system failures based on conceptual designs, i.e. designs in which commitments to an underlying technology to achieve the system’s function have not yet been made but computer-aided assistance for reasoning about the system’s potential failure modes and effects is useful.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0394.00105
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  • 12
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Symbol processing — a challenge for neural networks? (1999)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Expert systems 16 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0394.00095
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  • 13
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Comparing neural network approximations for different functional forms (1999)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Expert systems 16 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: This paper examines the capacity of feedforward neural networks (NNs) to approximate certain functional forms. Its purpose is to show that the theoretical property of ‘universal approximation’, which provides the basic rationale behind the NN approach, should not be interpreted too literally. The most important issue considered involves the number of hidden layers in the network. We show that for a number of interesting functional forms better generalization is possible with more than one hidden layer, despite theoretical results to the contrary. Our experiments constitute a useful set of counter-examples.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0394.00096
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  • 14
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Extending CLIPS to support temporal representation and reasoning (1999)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Expert systems 16 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Applications using expert systems for monitoring and control problems often require the ability to represent temporal knowledge and to apply reasoning based on that knowledge. Incorporating temporal representation and reasoning into expert systems leads to two problems in development: dealing with an implied temporal order of events using a non-procedural tool; and maintaining the large number of temporal relations that can occur among facts in the knowledge base. In this paper we explore these problems by using an expert system shell, CLIPS (C Language Integrated Production System), to create temporal relations using common knowledge-based constructs. We also build an extension to CLIPS through a user-defined function which generates the temporal relations from those facts. We use the extension to create and maintain temporal relations in a workflow application that monitors and controls an engineering design change review process. We also propose a solution to ensure truth maintenance among temporally related facts that links our temporal extension to the CLIPS facility for truth maintenance.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0394.00097
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  • 15
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    News (1999)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Expert systems 16 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0394.00101
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  • 16
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Development of a fuzzy push delivery scheme for Internet sites (1999)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Expert systems 16 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Push technology is the term recently linked with Web-based products to indicate the built-in capability of the software package to deliver relevant information to the user automatically. In this paper, a fuzzy push delivery scheme is described which ‘observes’ the movements of the user within the Web pages and then evaluates the personal interests and preferences of the user. With the information available from the fuzzy scheme, Web site information favoured by visitors can be ‘pushed’ to them without even being requested. To verify the feasibility of the concept, a Web site with various shopping spots has been developed with built-in functions to detect the time of stay in various sites by visitors . Output from the proposed fuzzy scheme is compared with the perception of the interest level given by the visitors themselves for its evaluation. The built-in feature of the scheme can significantly enhance the functionality and attractiveness of the Web site involved and hence improve its competitiveness in the global market. The development of the proposed scheme and its evaluation in an emulated Internet environment are covered in the paper.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0394.00099
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  • 17
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    An online expert system for fault diagnosis in hydraulic systems (1999)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Expert systems 16 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Fault diagnosis has become increasingly important for industrial automation and many approaches have been investigated for the online diagnostic task. This work demonstrates a new online expert system for dynamic industrial automated processes. The emphasis of this diagnostic system lies in the functions provided for fault detection, prediction, compensation and diagnosis. The system uses experiential knowledge cooperatively with scientific knowledge in a new interactive formation. It is developed in two parts using the DASYLab software for the numerical computations and the KPWin development tool for the symbolic representations. The system was developed in collaboration with the company Automation Systems S.A., which specializes in hydraulic systems, and is used for fault detection in production machines.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0394.00100
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  • 18
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Facilitating the use of multi-attribute utility theory in expert systems:an aid for identifying the right relative importance weights of attributes (1999)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Expert systems 16 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: In general, expert system applications to real cases involve making decisions, i.e. selecting a suitable action among a set of possible alternative actions. A well-known standard method for modelling decision problems is the so-called multi-attribute utility theory (MAUT), a method in which the alternatives are viewed in terms of their attributes. A set of attributes are identified and a specific value and a suitable relative importance weight are assigned to each attribute. However, it is not easy for the expert to quantify the relative importance weight of an attribute: this assignment entails a certain abstraction activity from the expert and, as is well known, experts have difficulty in providing their knowledge in abstract and general terms. In order to overcome this difficulty we propose a method for automatically inferring relative importance weights from a set of specific action sequences. An action sequence is a list in chronological order of the actions executed by the expert when facing specific cases of decision problems. Providing action sequences requires no other effort but remembering specific episodes, and this task is much easier for experts than having to directly provide precise numbers expressing relative importance weights. Moreover in many cases action sequences are already stored in suitable records. Consider, for example, the list of medical tests executed on a given patient, a list included in the patient clinical record stored in the clinical database of a hospital. On the basis of these considerations the proposed method should be useful for designers of expert systems which face problems of choosing the right action among a set of alternative actions.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0394.00098
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  • 19
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Diary (1999)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Expert systems 16 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0394.00102
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  • 20
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Editorial (1999)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Expert systems 16 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0394.00035-i4
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  • 21
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Book Reviews (1999)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Expert systems 16 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: John McCardle, Neural Network Systems Techniques and Applications
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0394.00090
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  • 22
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    An interactive tool for knowledge base refinement (1999)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Expert systems 16 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: We present a tool that combines two main trends of knowledge base refinement. The first is the construction of interactive knowledge acquisition tools and the second is the development of machine learning methods that automate this procedure. The tool presented here is interactive and gives experts the ability to evaluate an expert system and provide their own diagnoses on specific problems, when the expert system behaves erroneously. We also present a database scheme that supports the collection of specific instances. The second aspect of the tool is that knowledge base refinement and machine learning methods can be applied to the database, in order to automate the procedure refining the knowledge base. In this paper we examine the application of inductive learning algorithms within the proposed framework. Our main goal is to encourage the experts to evaluate expert systems and to introduce new knowledge, based on their experience.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0394.00087
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  • 23
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    ICADS: Intelligent Car Audio Design System for product planning (1999)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Expert systems 16 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: This paper describes the development of a system, ICADS (Intelligent Car Audio Design System), that can be used to effectively support product development engineers in car audio product design. We have demonstrated the use of expert system technology and the technique of quality function deployment (QFD) in supporting car audio design planning. QFD is applied as a knowledge acquisition method in this study to support car audio design teams in the development of products in a structured way that relates market demand via engineering specifications to parts specifications. We believe that other industries can use a similar approach for developing an expert system that can support product design planning.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0394.00089
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  • 24
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    An actor model for rule-based systems (1999)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Expert systems 16 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Our research originates from a study of the possibilities of integrating rules and objects in knowledge-based systems. In the present work, we are interested in the interactionist perspective of an object. The stepwise reasoning of a diagnostic expert system, possibly involving subgoaling and interactions with the environment, can be easily codified by means of production rules over proposition literals. This set of rules can be graphically represented in a network manner denoting the relations between the rules. The individual nodes in the network can be expressed by means of autonomous objects and their relations, interpreted as possible communications between them. The objects are given a structure and a proper behaviour and cooperate for performing logical reasoning by means of forward and backward chaining inference processes. Therefore, designing this system implies addressing several basic issues such as inter-object communications and their synchronization. The problem here is not necessarily to develop a great intelligence locally but to develop strong networks of good communicators. This approach belongs to the interactionist representation current, where objects are called actors. In principle, the actors may carry out computation in parallel and provide a conceptual foundation for massively concurrent object-oriented paradigms. From this point of view, a system allowing for the simultaneous investigation of several rules and premises in the forward or the backward chaining would be significantly more efficient.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0394.00088
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  • 25
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    COMPUTATION OF BEST BOUNDS OF PROBABILITIES FROM UNCERTAIN DATA (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Computational intelligence 12 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8640
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: An uncertainty reasoning method is presented in this article. The method can be used to compute from a given set of conditional probabilities the best lower bounds and the best upper bounds of those conditional probabilities that are not explicitly provided. The computation of the best upper(lower) bound of such a conditional probability relies on solution of a linear programming problem. Some reduction techniques are proposed in this article to improve the efficiency of our uncertainty reasoning method. As illustrated in Section 4.3, for many uncertainty reasoning problems in medical diagnosis, by using our reduction techniques, the best range of a conditional probability, which is specified by a lower bound and an upper bound, can be computed in polynomial time in terms of the number of basic events involved in the reasoning.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8640.1996.tb00276.x
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  • 26
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    CONSTRAINED RESOLUTION AND ABDUCTTVE TEMPORAL REASONING (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Computational intelligence 12 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8640
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: This article presents our work on the effective implementation of abduction in temporal reasoning. This works builds on some results, both in the logic programming field and in the automated reasoning area. We have defined and implemented an abductive procedure, which is well adapted for temporal reasoning because it is based on a constrained resolution principle. Constrained resolution has two advantages for temporal reasoning: First, it allows us to deal efficiently with temporal ordering and equality predicates, which are otherwise too much trouble with classical resolution; second, it allows a restricted form of abduction where hypotheses are limited to ordering relationships. From the logic programming area, our work uses results and procedures developed by others in the abductive logic programming field. The procedure we define and implement in this work is relatively independent of the temporal formalism: It has been used with some reified temporal logics and with the event calculus. More generally it can be used on any point-based temporal formalism, provided that a correct and complete algorithm is available for checking the consistency of a set of temporal ordering relationships in this language.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8640.1996.tb00268.x
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  • 27
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    LEARNING MONOTONIC-CONCAVE INTERVAL CONCEPTS USING THE BACK-PROPAGATION NEURAL NETWORKS (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Computational intelligence 12 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8640
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Monotonicity and concavity play important roles in human cognition, reasoning, and decision making. This paper shows that neural networks can learn monotonic-concave interval concepts based on real-world data, Traditionally, the training of neural networks has been based only on raw data. In cases where the training samples carry statistical fluctuations, the products of the training have often suffered. This paper suggests that global knowledge about monotonicity and concavity of a problem domain can be incorporated in neural network training. This paper proposes a learning scheme for the back-propagation layered neural networks in learning monotonic-concave interval concepts and provides an example to show its application.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8640.1996.tb00262.x
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  • 28
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    Digitale Medien
    ON THE IMPLEMENTATION AND EVALUATION OF AbTweak (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Computational intelligence 12 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8640
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: In this paper, we describe the implementation and evaluation of the AbTweak planning system, a test bed for studying and teaching concepts in partial-order planning, abstraction, and search control. We start by extending the hierarchical, precondition-elimination abstraction of ABSTRIPS to partial-order-based, least-commitment planners such as Tweak. The resulting system, AbTweak, illustrates the advantages of using abstraction to improve the efficiency of search. We show that by protecting a subset of abstract conditions achieved so far, and by imposing a bias on search toward deeper levels in a hierarchy, planning efficiency can be greatly improved. Finally, we relate AbTweak to other planning systems SNLP, ALPINE, and SIPE by exploring their similarities and differences.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8640.1996.tb00264.x
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  • 29
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    Digitale Medien
    SOLVING NINE MEN'S MORRIS (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Computational intelligence 12 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8640
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: The game of Nine Men's Morris is a draw. We obtained this result using a combination of endgame databases (1010 states) and search. Our improved algorithm for computing endgame databases allowed the game to be solved on a personal computer. Other games have been solved using knowledge-based methods to dramatically prune the search tree. Nine Men's Morris does not seem to profit from such methods, making it the first nontrivial game solved in which almost the entire state space has to be considered.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8640.1996.tb00251.x
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  • 30
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    Digitale Medien
    LEARNING PLAYING STRATEGIES IN CHESS (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Computational intelligence 12 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8640
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: It is believed that chess masters use pattern-based knowledge to analyze a position, followed by a pattern-based controlled search to verify or correct the analysis. This paper describes a first-order system called PAL that can learn patterns in the form of Horn clauses from simple example descriptions and general purpose knowledge. It is shown how PAL can leam chess patterns that are beyond the learning capabilities of current inductive systems. The patterns learned by PAL can be used for analysis of positions and for the construction of playing strategies. By taking the learned patterns as attributes for describing examples, a set of rules which decide whether a Pawn can safely be promoted without moving the King in a King and Pawn vs King endgame, is automatically constructed with a similarity-based learning algorithm. Similarly, a playing strategy for the King and Rook vs King endgame is automatically constructed with a simple learning algorithm by following traces of games and using the patterns learned by PAL. Limitations of first-order systems, PAL imparticularly, are exposed in domains where a large number of background definitions may be required for induction. Conclusions and future research directions are given.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8640.1996.tb00253.x
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  • 31
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    Digitale Medien
    PERFECT RECALL AND PRUNING IN GAMES WITH IMPERFECT INFORMATION (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Computational intelligence 12 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8640
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Games with imperfect information are an interesting and important class of games. They include most card games (e.g., bridge and poker) as well as many economic and political models. Here we investigate algorithms for findi ng the simplest form of a solution (a pure-strategy equilibrium point) to imperfect information games expressed in their extensive (game tree) form. We introduce to the artificial intelligence community a classic algorithm, due to Wilson, that solves one-player games with perfect recall. Wilson's algorithm, which we call iMP-minimax, runs in time linear in the size of the game-tree searched. In contrast to Wilson's result, Koller and Meggido have shown that finding a pure-strategy equilibrium point in one-player games without perfect recall is NP-hard. Here, we provide another contrast to Wilson's result–we show that in games with perfect recall but more than one player, finding a pure-strategy equilibrium point, given that such an equilibrium point exists, is NP-hard.Our second contribution is to present a pruning technique for Wilson's IMP-minimax algorithm to make the latter more tractable. We call this new algorithm IMP-alpha-beta. We provide a theoretical framework (model) and analyze IMP-alpha-beta in that model. IMP-alpha-beta is of direct value for one-player, perfect-recall games. It also has strong potential for other imperfect information games, as it is a natural (but as yet untested) heuristic in those cases.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8640.1996.tb00256.x
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  • 32
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    GO-MOKU SOLVED BY NEW SEARCH TECHNIQUES (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Computational intelligence 12 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8640
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Many decades ago, Japanese professional Go-Moku players stated that Go-Moku (five-in-a-row on a horizontally placed 15×15 board) is a won game for the player to move first. So far, this claim has never been substantiated by (a tree of) variations or by a computer program. Meanwhile, many variants of Go-Moku with slightly different rules have been developed. This paper shows that for two common variants, the game-theoretical value has been established.Moreover, the Go-Moku program Victoria is described. It uses two new search techniques: threat-space search and proof-number search. One of the results is that Victoria is bound to win against any (optimal) counterplay if it moves first. Furthermore, it achieves good results as a defender against nonoptimally playing opponents. In this contribution we focus on threat-space search and its advantages compared to conventional search algorithms.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8640.1996.tb00250.x
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  • 33
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    LEARNING OF RESOURCE ALLOCATION STRATEGIES FOR GAME PLAYING (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Computational intelligence 12 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8640
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Human chess players exhibit a large variation in the amount of time they allocate for each move. Yet, the problem of devising resource allocation strategies for game playing has not received enough attention. In this paper we present a framework for studying resource allocation strategies. We define allocation strategy and identify three major types of strategies: static, semi-dynamic, and dynamic. We then describe a method for learning semi-dynamic strategies from self-generated examples. We present an algorithm for assigning classes to the examples based on the utility of investing extra resources. The method was implemented in the domain of checkers, and experimental results show that it is able to learn strategies that improve game-playing performance.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8640.1996.tb00254.x
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  • 34
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    Digitale Medien
    GENERAL GAME-PLAYING AND REINFORCEMENT LEARNING (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Computational intelligence 12 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8640
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: This paper provides a blueprint for the development of a fully domain-independent single-agent and multiagent heuristic search system. It gives a graph-theoretic representation of search problems based on conceptual graphs and outlines two different learning systems. One, an “informed learner”, makes use of the graph-theoretic definition of a search problem or game in playing and adapting to a game in the given environment. The other, a “blind learner”, is not given access to the rules of a domain but must discover and then exploit the underlying mathematical structure of a given domain. Relevant work of others is referenced within the context of the blueprint.To illustrate further how one might go about creating general game-playing agents, we show how we can generalize the understanding obtained with the Morph chess system to all games involving the interactions of abstract mathematical relations. A monitor for such domains has been developed, along with an implementation of a blind and informed learning system known as Morphll. Performance results with MorphK are preliminary but encouraging and provide a few more data points with which to understand and evaluate the blueprint.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8640.1996.tb00257.x
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  • 35
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    PLANNING TO FIND THE REFERENTS OF NOUN PHRASES (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Computational intelligence 11 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8640
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Finding the referent of a definite noun phrase is a classic problem in natural language processing. Most work assumes that when a program begins to analyze an utterance, it already has the knowledge it needs for identifying referents. If a robot accepts commands in natural language, this assumption may not hold. Suppose a user says, “Go get the book on the table in room 3,” but the robot has never been in room 3, so it lacks the knowledge it needs to identify the referent of “the book on the table in room 3.” To gain this knowledge, the robot must travel to room 3 and search. This article describes a simulated robot that accepts commands in English and actively searches for the referents of definite descriptions.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8640.1995.tb00051.x
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  • 36
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    Digitale Medien
    A NEW METHOD FOR INFLUENCE DIAGRAM EVALUATION (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Computational intelligence 11 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8640
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: As influence diagrams become a popular representational tool for decision analysis, influence diagram evaluation attracts more and more research interests. In this article, we present a new, two-phase method for influence diagram evaluation. In our method, an influence diagram is first mapped onto a decision graph and then the analysis is carried out by evaluating the decision graph. Our method is more efficient than Howard and Matheson's because, among other reasons, our method generates a much smaller decision graph for the same influence diagram. Like those most recent algorithms reported in the literature, our method also provides a clean interface between influence diagram evaluation and Bayesian net evaluation. Consequently, various well-established algorithms for Bayesian net evaluation can be used in influence diagram evaluation. Furthermore, our method has a few unique merits. First, it takes advantage of asymmetry in influence diagrams to avoid unnecessary computation. Second, by using heuristic search techniques, it provides an explicit mechanism for using heuristic information that may be available in a domain-specific form. These additional merits make our method more efficient than the current algorithms in general. Finally, by using decision graphs as an intermediate representation, the value of perfect information can be computed in a more efficient way.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8640.1995.tb00046.x
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  • 37
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    Digitale Medien
    A LOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION FOR TRUTH MAINTENANCE SYSTEMS WITH DEPENDENCY-DIRECTED BACKTRACKING (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Computational intelligence 11 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8640
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: In this paper we present various logical characterizations of justification-based (nonmonotonic) truth maintenance systems (JTMS). These characterizations, which are proved to be equivalent, aim at describing dependency-directed backtracking (DDB) (i.e., the process of resolving conflicts which can arise when nogoods are allowed in the set of justifications), mainly relying on the intuitive idea that a contrapositrve use of justifications is needed to resolve inconsistencies. The idea is first formalized by means of the notion of three-valued labeling and then through a transformation which explicitly adds all contrapositives of the justifications. An abductive characterization of the JTMS is provided through a further transformation which converts a set of nonmonotonic justifications to a corresponding abduction framework. This approach provides a unifying framework, based on the notion of abduction, for describing both JTMSs and assumption-based TMSs (ATMSs).
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8640.1995.tb00022.x
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  • 38
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    DESIGNING AND BUILDING A NEGOTIATING AUTOMATED AGENT (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Computational intelligence 11 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8640
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Negotiations are very important in a multiagenl environment, particularly, in an environment where there are conflicts between the agents, and cooperation would be beneficial. We have developed a general structure for a Negotiating Automated Agent that consists of five modules: a Prime Minister, a Ministry of Defense, a Foreign Office, a Headquarters and Intelligence. These modules are implemented using a dynamic set of local agents belonging to the different modules. We used this structure to develop a Diplomacy player. Diplomat. Playing Diplomacy involves a certain amount of technical skills as in other board games, but the capacity to negotiate, explain, convince, promise, keep promises or break them, is an essential ingredient in good play. Diplomat was evaluated and consistently played better than human players.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8640.1995.tb00026.x
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  • 39
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Déjà vu all over again: AAAI ’98 Madison, Wisconsin, USA 26–30 July 1998 (1999)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Expert systems 16 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0394.00091
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  • 40
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A hierarchical expert system for integrated scheduling of ship berthing, discharging and material transport (1998)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Expert systems 15 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Abstract: Berthing ships at a port and unloading the stowed materials require a series of scheduling problems: ship berthing, discharging, and material transport. To deal effectively with the scheduling complexity due to mutual interdependence among those problems, this paper proposes a two-level hierarchical architecture for the integrated scheduling of all the activities arising in port. The hierarchical architecture assigns ships to multiple lower level dispatchers, each of which makes its own discharging and material transport schedule independently while satisfying the requirements imposed by the higher level coordinator. If any problem occurs within a dispatcher, the higher level coordinator attempts to resolve the trouble through the coordination of other dispatchers. Based on the hierarchical architecture, a prototype scheduling expert system is developed using G2 for the port scheduling problem at a steelworks. Through the object- oriented interaction of frames, the system is shown to effectively construct integrated schedules from the berth scheduling to the material transport scheduling.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0394.00082
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  • 41
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    Digitale Medien
    ESAS: A case-based approach to business planning and monitoring (1998)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Expert systems 15 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Abstract: Creating and sustaining a competitive advantage in today’s turbulent world markets is a formidable business challenge. For many organisations, operating within an inherently unstable external environment has resulted in the need for a cultural rethink. Business complacency, brought about by corporate industry monopolisation, the reliance on reputation, brand identity, and customer allegiance, is no longer a recipe for sustained market growth. Companies have realised that being market focused could provide them with a competitive edge within the marketplace. To achieve this organisations have turned to the ‘Quality movement’, embracing the Total Quality Management (TQM) philosophy and its inherent tools (auditing frameworks, concept of quality systems etc.) as a means to recapture lost ground. ESAS (Enterprise Strategic Advisory System) is a prototype intelligent system that utilises a case- based approach to address the issues raised above, by providing organisations with advice on market- led quality and competitive strategy. This paper explores the philosophy and ideas behind the ESAS concept, and describes the development of an ESAS prototype.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0394.00076
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  • 42
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    Digitale Medien
    The Two Faces of AI: AAAI ’97 - Providence, Rhode Island, USA, 27–31 July 1997 (1998)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Expert systems 15 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0394.00070
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  • 43
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    Digitale Medien
    Book Reviews (1998)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Expert systems 15 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Gillies, Donald, Artificial Intelligence and Scientific MethodGurney, Kevin, An Introduction to Neural Networks
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0394.00063
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  • 44
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    Digitale Medien
    Towards Industrial Application of Intelligent Training Systems (1998)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Expert systems 15 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Computer-based training is an area where knowledge-based techniques enable us to achieve new system functionalities which cannot be attained with conventional techniques. Knowledge-based training systems can adapt the course, the lesson and the instructional strategy to the needs and attitude of the individual trainee, so as to obtain a completely individualised instruction. Due to these capabilities they are known as Intelligent Training Systems (ITSs). After their introduction in the mid-eighties with their first successful application in the military sector, ITSs are now mature enough for practical use in civil applications.This paper presents the experience gained by the authors over the last decade through the realisation of two industrial prototypes in different sectors and the recent development of a full-scale application. Such experience led to a specification methodology and to a development framework which now provide a solid baseline for the industrial application of the ITS technology.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0394.00060
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  • 45
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    Digitale Medien
    Truth Maintenance in Blackboard Environment (1998)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Expert systems 15 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Constraint satisfaction and search problems generally fall into the class of problems for which a direct algorithmic solution does not exist. The solution of these problems requires the examination of state spaces. A problem solver (inference engine) alone is not able to organize and maintain state space consistently. For this purpose a so-called truth maintenance system is required. Our truth maintenance system (MEKON) organizes data within a data abstraction called a context. Each context corresponds to one problem state and contains currently believed data. The truth maintenance system provides believed data retrieval, belief revision, contradiction handling and non-monotonicity handling, the features that help a problem solver to examine state spaces. MEKON represents an ATMS-like system implemented within BEST (Blackboard-based Expert System Toolkit). However, some special MEKON features such as state variables, context sensitive generation of assumptions and explicit context generation, that are not present in standard ATMSs, facilitate not only the solution of constraint satisfaction problems, but also the solution of search problems (not provided by standard ATMSs). Being deeply integrated with Prolog/Rex, BEST’s knowledge representation language, and BEST’s inference engine, MEKON provides a simple and efficient means for the examination of state spaces. Facts, hypotheses (assumptions), and concepts (frames) are used to describe a problem state, contexts are used to represent points in the state spaces, while rules are used to perform state transitions. MEKON is the only truth maintenacne system that provides truth maintenance capabilities on local blackboards thus enabling the solution of complex problems which include different kinds of real constraint satisfaction and search problems concerning diagnosis, allocation tasks, classification tasks, planning or scenario making.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0394.00061
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  • 46
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    Digitale Medien
    Book Reviews (1997)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Expert systems 14 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Russell, Stuart and Norvig, Peter Artificial Intelligence: A Modern ApproachEdwards, Alistair, D.N. (ed.) Extra-Ordinary Human-Computer Interaction: Interfaces for Users with DisabilitiesVacca, John R. VRML: Bringing Virtual Reality to the Internet
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0394.00057
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  • 47
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    Digitale Medien
    REDSIEX: A Cooperative Network of Expert Systems with Blackboard Architectures (1997)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Expert systems 14 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: The blackboard architecture, originally developed for the system that permits the comprehension of language, HEARSAY II, has later been used in a great variety of domains and in various environments for the construction of systems. From the classic architecture of HEARSAY II, many applications, generalizations, extensions and refinements have been developed. In this paper we present REDSIEX, (RED de SIstemas EXpertos) which is a network of expert systems within a blackboard architecture, for the cooperation solution of distributed problems. The REDSIEX system inherits various of the elements defined by the architecture of HEARSAY II and incorporates new components and organization. These produce a very characteristic and exclusive global work style in the solution of problems, within a conceptual framework of emergent control. The main structural and functional characteristics of REDSIEX are discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0394.00055
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  • 48
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Diary (1997)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Expert systems 14 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0394.t01-3-00058
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  • 49
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    Digitale Medien
    Diary (1997)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Expert systems 14 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0394.00052
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  • 50
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    Digitale Medien
    The sorting techniques: a tutorial paper on card sorts, picture sorts and item sorts (1997)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Expert systems 14 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Although sorting techniques (e.g. card sorts) are widely used in knowledge acquisition and requirements acquisition, they have received little formal attention compared to related techniques such as repertory grids and laddering. This paper briefly describes the main sorting techniques, then provides a detailed tutorial on one variety (repeated single-criterion sorts), using a worked example. Guidelines for choice and sequencing of techniques are given, both in relation to varieties of sorting technique and in relation to other techniques. It is concluded that the sorting techniques are a valuable part of the elicitor's methodological toolkit.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0394.00045
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  • 51
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Using the CARMEN’s framework to model and acquire knowledge (1997)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Expert systems 14 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: The manner in which CARMEN (Constraints And Rules Management ENgine), an operational expert system generator developed as part of the ESPRIT project ITHACA, models and acquires knowledge is discussed. Central to CARMEN are three types of control entities (TASKs, MKSs and BKSs) which are used to describe problem-solving at the knowledge-use level. Modeling of domain knowledge is done both at the deep and surface levels. The Integrity Checking Task (or ICT) is used to illustrate the manner in which CARMEN works. We conclude the paper with a comparison of CARMEN with other approaches in knowledge modeling.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0394.00043
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  • 52
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Application of artificial neural networks for the development of a signal monitoring system (1997)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Expert systems 14 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: A prototype of a Signal Monitoring System (SMS) utilizing artificial neural networks is developed in this work. The prototype system is unique in: 1) its utilization of state-of-the-art technology in pattern recognition such as the Adaptive Resonance Theory family of neural networks, and 2) the integration of neural network results of pattern recognition and fault identification databases.The system is developed in an X-windows environment that offers an excellent Graphical User Interface (GUI). Motif software is used to build the GUI. The system is user-friendly, menu-driven, and allows the user to select signals and paradigms of interest. The system provides the status or condition of the signals tested as either normal or faulty. In the case of faulty status, SMS, through an integrated database, identifies the fault and indicates the progress of the fault relative to the normal condition as well as relative to the previous tests.Nuclear reactor signals from an Experimental Breeder Reactor are analyzed to closely represent actual reactor operational data. The signals are both measured signals collected by a Data Acquisition System as well as simulated signals.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0394.00044
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  • 53
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Case Based Diagnosis and Repair of Software Faults (1997)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Expert systems 14 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Software debugging (the diagnosis and repair of faults in software) can be a difficult and time consuming problem. In many cases a problem which can take an inexperienced developer a long time to correct can be quickly identified and corrected by a more experienced one. This is often because they have seen that problem (or a similar one) before. In this paper we present a system (called WATSON) which automatically constructs an explanation of the fault and a repair strategy from a library of partial repair models. This system exploits Case Based Reasoning (CBR) technology to perform this construction. The paper introduces the concepts behind CBR before going on to describe the components of the WATSON system. It then illustrates, by example, how WATSON constructs a diagnosis and repair model from the case databases.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0394.00037
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  • 54
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    ISTAR — a tool for creative design of knowledge bases (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 13 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: This paper gives a comprehensive explanation of the Istar knowledge representation software tool. Not only does it describe the features and facilities found in Istar, but it discusses why they are as they are.Istar is one of a new generation of knowledge representation tools, aimed at ill-structured domains of knowledge. While it can be used in traditional KBS projects, in which pieces of knowledge from a domain expert are assembled to form a working knowledge base, it is designed for situations in which there is a large element of creative design: knowledge refinement and generation resulting from the knowledge representation process.The knowledge representation ‘language’ is purely graphical; the knowledge engineer ‘draws’ knowledge on an easel as a box and arrows diagram. Behind this diagram is the knowledge base itself, in the form of integrated inference nets, Bayesian nets and semantic nets. This paper discusses the reasons for these design choices and, briefly, some of the issues faced in development of Istar.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1996.tb00124.x
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  • 55
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Book Reviews (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 13 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Open Distributed Systems Jon Crowcrofi
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1996.tb00128.x
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  • 56
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Increased domain security through application of local security and monitoring (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 13 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: This paper presents a model for increasing security within a security domain through the use of localised security services and continuous monitoring. The model divides security services between three logical structures Local Security Units, Local Security Servers and Domain Management Centres. The localisation of security allows the functional divisions within organisations to implement modified security dependent upon their individual needs.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1996.tb00126.x
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  • 57
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    An interactive fault diagnosis expert system for a helpdesk application (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 13 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Abstract: This paper presents work on an interactive fault diagnosis expert system for a helpdesk application. A knowledge representation and inference algorithm is proposed to satisfy three design specifications: (1) no parallel event exists in human fault reporting; (2) the diagnostic sequence is unpredictable, and (3) the inference engine is passive in an event-driven environment. A lattice data structure is designed for knowledge representation, which is generated automatically from a script of decision rules. The inference engine works in a transaction-like style by prompting and responding to the user according to the knowledge in the lattice. It can explicitly guide the inference sequence, as well as respond to ad hoc input from the user.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1996.tb00120.x
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  • 58
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A generic, object-oriented case-knowledge representation scheme, and its integration into a wider information management scenario (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 13 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Abstract: A knowledge base management system (KBMS) realises a combination of techniques found in database management systems and knowledge-based systems. At the data model and knowledge representation level, many systems of this kind constitute a marriage of the relational data model and the rule-based reasoning. Experience has shown that either approach is restricted in the way it can express the demanding information and knowledge structures required for applications like decision support systems. Two new technologies offer an exciting new integrated approach to knowledge management. Object-oriented database management systems (OODBMS) provide an object model that supports powerful abstraction mechanisms to facilitate the modelling of highly structured information. Whereas case-based reasoning (CBR) systems are knowledge bases which organise their capabilities around a memory of past cases and the notion of similarity. Both types of system are built upon two fundamental concepts: 1) the retrieval of entities with potentially complex structure, called objects in the former, and cases in the latter type of system; 2) the organisation of those entities in collections with common characteristics. In an OODBMS such collections are termed extents, and in CBR they are usually called categories. In either system, the conceptual meta notion to represent both, objects as well as extents, and cases as well as categories, is the class.Revolving around a Conceptual Case Class and extending a standard object model, this paper proposes a novel and general approach to represent case-knowledge and to build KBMSs. The work presented here is a spin-off of the design of an object query language within the ESPRIT project Lynx.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1996.tb00121.x
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  • 59
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Expert system technology in organisational process domain modelling (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 13 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Abstract: Organisational processes are repetitive, time-consuming and interdependent, requiring several members to interact for successful completion. Moreover, when organisations change their operating procedures it becomes difficult to carry out even routine tasks because of the confusion and lack of communication. By studying the organisational processes and the knowledge required to execute them, we can create generic process models that could be stored persistently in a repository. This process repository can serve as a corporate knowledge base, which could be accessed by intelligent computer assistants for automating organisational processes. This paper presents a framework of intelligent assistants that can emulate the behaviour of human agents in organisational problem-solving. The generic process models can also be customised to meet the changing needs of the organisation. We present a domain modelling approach to organisational process modelling and an expert system for customising process models. The paper also describes the architecture and design of the proof-of-concept prototype that supports organisational process modelling, as well as process execution through intelligent computer assistants.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1996.tb00280.x
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  • 60
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A comparison of knowledge elicitation methods (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 13 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: This paper describes a computer based approach to comparing data obtained for Knowledge Based Systems via established but very varied knowledge elicitation (KE) techniques. It describes not only the detailed comparison of different KE methods (in this case ‘scaling’ and ‘non-scaling’) but also investigates the use of ‘demonstration’ or ‘evaluation’ systems, as a variation on the more established rapid prototyping approaches to the elicitation and evaluation of knowledge for KBS construction, in this case by focusing upon the quality and relevance of the elicited knowledge from the perspective of the expert himself. Preliminary results from the study reported here suggest that non-scaling methods produce a greater amount of raw data than scaling methods, and that this data is less likely to require correction or modification for inclusion within a Knowledge Based System. However, the results also indicate that non-scaling derived data is more likely than scaling derived data data to be rejected outright.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1996.tb00125.x
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  • 61
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Applications of artificial neural networks to the nonlinear combination of forecasts (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 13 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Abstract: This paper proposes artificial neural networks (ANN) as a tool for nonlinear combination of forecasts. In this study, three forecasting models are used for individual forecasts, and then two linear combining methods are used to compare with the ANN combining method. The comparative experiment using real-world data shows that the prediction by the ANN method outperforms those by linear combining methods. The paper suggests that the ANN method can be used as an alternative to conventional linear combining methods to achieve greater forecasting accuracy.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1996.tb00119.x
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  • 62
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Process factors in knowledge acquisition (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 13 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Abstract: Knowledge acquisition (KA) is often characterised as a crucial bottleneck in the development of expert system applications. General definitions of KA view it as a collection of subprocesses such as elicitation, analysis and representation, but in actual practice, each KA occurrence may involve one or all of these subprocesses in varying sequences and combinations. No model or framework currently exists for describing the many possible variations in KA processes as they actually occur. This article presents a new way of characterising knowledge acquisition processes that is not tied to one particular technique or approach to KA. Three nested levels are proposed to characterise the many possible variations and combinations of KA dynamics: the process, episode and transaction levels of analysis. Each of these is further delineated in a top-down manner. Not only does this scheme provide a fairly comprehensive means for viewing KA dynamics as a whole, but it suggests several factors that have heretofore drawn little research attention. The suggested constructs capture more accurately what actually occurs in the practice of KA. In so doing they also provide the foundation for structuring future research into how KA processes may unfold.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1996.tb00283.x
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  • 63
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Citation-based journal rankings for expert system research (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 12 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Abstract: Research into the development and impacts of expert systems has accumulated to a point where it may be said to constitute a distinct field of study. As such, the evolution, organisation and dissemination of expert system research are themselves topics for investigation. Here we focus on the dissemination aspect, providing objective rankings of journals that have had the greatest impacts on recent expert system research. Our study examines the citation patterns of all research published in five expert systems journals during the past five years. Over 14 000 citations to more than 800 journals are analysed under two kinds of ranking schemes. These are based on cumulative citation counts and normalised citation counts. The latter adjusts for the number of years a journal article has been available to be cited. The reported rankings will be of interest to all who want to know where scientific developments that influence expert system research are reported: those who conduct, support, evaluate and study expert system research.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1995.tb00268.x
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  • 64
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The resurgence of the AI field: IJCAI‘95, Montreal, 20–25 August 1995 (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 12 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1995.tb00274.x
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  • 65
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A framework for the generation of project-specific quality control for knowledge-based system development (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 13 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: : This paper describes a framework for the generation of quality control procedures for knowledge-based system (KBS) projects. KBS projects have their own brand of technical difficulties. These are discussed, and the mismatch between KBS projects and traditional software quality assurance (SQA) approaches is described. An iterative approach to quality is suggested based upon Boehm's Spiral Model of project management. The principles of this approach are described followed by a description of the elements of the framework under development, including inputs, outputs and internal functionality. The operation of the framework is then demonstrated in relation to the Spiral Model. Application of the framework to KBS development project issues is then discussed in relation to current guidelines for KBS quality assurance.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1996.tb00282.x
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  • 66
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    News (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 13 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1996.tb00285.x
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  • 67
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A knowledge-based approach for task allocation in heterogeneous distributed computer systems (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 12 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Abstract: This paper presents a knowledge-based system for task allocation in a network of processors. Since the problem is NP-complete, optimisation techniques are computationally prohibitive and impractical. Our approach reduces computational burden by using (1) a two-level hierarchical scheduling model to alleviate the problem complexity, and (2) a search strategy that uses knowledge from the knowledge base to limit the search space to a manageable size. The major goal of our approach is to generate good but not necessarily optimal solutions quickly. The system is implemented on a Sun SPARCstation 1 + using Common Lisp. Our computational experience in using this system for task allocation indicates that the two-level hierarchical approach generates better schedules in shorter computational time than a non-hierarchical approach.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1995.tb00267.x
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  • 68
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Virtual reality tools (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 12 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1995.tb00057.x
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  • 69
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Tools (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 12 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1995.tb00058.x
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  • 70
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Knowledge acquisition and adaptation: a genetic approach (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 12 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Abstract: A genetic algorithm-based (GA-based) system (GAPOLE) is used to evolve a self-learning, self-optimising control strategy for a typical inherently unstable, dynamic system—a simulated pole-cart system. The dynamics of the system are unknown to GAPOLE. The only information for evaluating performance is a signal indicating that the pole-cart system is out of control. This presents a genuinely difficult credit assignment problem. We present some evidence which shows that GAPOLE compares well with the best alternative methods, but it is noteworthy that it is most robust. It is argued that maintaining a population of partial solutions offers some advantages: GA-based algorithms can deliver more than one good solution at a time; they are able to adapt better in complex changing conditions. Results characterising the performance of the method as population size is varied are also presented. The results show that GAPOLE performed best with a population size of 300. Therefore it is suggested that this parameter, like other GA parameters, may have to be tailored to a particular application. This appears to contradict an earlier claim that a population size in the range of 60–110 is optimal for genetic algorithm-based applications (Grefenstette 1986) across domains.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1995.tb00021.x
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  • 71
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Best Practice Guidelines for neural computing (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 12 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1995.tb00026.x
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  • 72
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Curtain call for the disabled (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 12 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1995.tb00028.x
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  • 73
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Neural networks (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 12 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1995.tb00031.x
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  • 74
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Languages (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 12 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1995.tb00036.x
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  • 75
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Object-oriented technology (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 12 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1995.tb00039.x
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  • 76
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    Digitale Medien
    Applying KADS to KADS: knowledge-based guidance for knowledge engineering (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 12 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Abstract: The KADS methodology (Schreiber et al. 1993; Tansley & Hayball 1993) and its successor, CommonKADS (Wielinga et al. 1992) have proved to be very useful approaches for modelling the various transformations involved between eliciting knowledge from an expert and encoding this knowledge in a computer program. These transformations are represented in a series of models. While it is widely agreed that these methods are excellent approaches from a theoretical viewpoint, the documentation provided concentrates on defining what models should be produced, with only general guidance on how the models should be produced. This has the advantage of making KADS and CommonKADS widely applicable, but it also means that considerable training and experience is required to become proficient in them. This paper reviews three projects that investigated the feasibility of producing specific guidance for certain decisions which are required when using KADS or CommonKADS to develop a knowledge-based system. Guidance was produced for the identification of the generic task addressed by a knowledge-based system; for the selection of appropriate AI techniques for implementing the analysed knowledge; and for selecting a suitable tool for implementing the system. Each set of guidance was encoded in its own knowledge-based system, which was itself developed with the assistance of KADS or CommonKADS. These projects therefore both studied and applied KADS and CommonKADS in order to produce knowledge-based guidance for knowledge engineers. The projects showed that it was feasible to produce heuristic guidance which could be understood, applied and occasionally overridden by knowledge engineers. The guidance provides reasonably experienced knowledge engineers with a framework for making the key decisions required by CommonKADS, in the same way that CommonKADS provides knowledge engineers with a framework for representing knowledge. The projects also produced some new insights about CommonKADS domain modelling and about the process of task identification.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1995.tb00022.x
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  • 77
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Applications (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 12 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1995.tb00029.x
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  • 78
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Intelligent agents (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 12 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1995.tb00032.x
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  • 79
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Tools (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 12 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1995.tb00035.x
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  • 80
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Hardware (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 12 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1995.tb00038.x
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  • 81
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Company news (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 12 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1995.tb00041.x
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  • 82
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Conferences, courses, seminars (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 12 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1995.tb00042.x
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  • 83
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    An object-oriented system for ergonomic risk assessment (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 12 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Abstract: During the last decade, cumulative trauma disorders have become a major concern both to occupational health and safety professionals and manufacturing industries. This paper will present the development of a knowledge-based system for predicting the potential of developing strain injuries among employees exposed to repetitive and forceful activities. This potential is identified through the use of an expert system incorporating a fuzzy set algorithm. Recommendations for the prevention of the resulting CTDs are then provided by the system. The system executes on a microcomputer platform, and was constructed utilising a commercial object-oriented expert system shell.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1995.tb00047.x
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  • 84
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Diary (1999)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Expert systems 16 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0394.00093
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  • 85
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    How much can you learn? A new learning metric (1998)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Expert systems 15 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0394.00083
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  • 86
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Learning classifier system for graph coloring (1998)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Expert systems 15 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: In this paper, the use of genetic algorithms and classifiers systems in the graph coloring application was considered. A crossover derivative was developed to accommodate the graph coloring specifications. Also, a method for verifying and validating the new offspring coloring rules and regulations was considered. Through a series of experiments conducted on randomly generated graphs of a relatively small size, the importance of various parameters and their impact to the overall system performance is demonstrated and discussed. In conclusion, suggestions for future study regarding this topic are proposed and briefly discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0394.00081
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  • 87
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Goal-driven automation of a deep space communications station: a case study in knowledge engineering for plan generation and execution (1998)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Expert systems 15 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Abstract: This paper describes the application of Artificial Intelligence techniques for plan generation, plan execution, and plan monitoring to automate a Deep Space Communication Station. This automation allows a communication station to respond to a set of tracking goals by appropriately reconfiguring the communications hardware and software to provide the requested communications services. In particular this paper describes: (1) the overall automation architecture, (2) the plan generation and execution monitoring AI technologies used and implemented software components, and (3) the knowledge engineering process and effort required for automation. This automation was demonstrated in February 1995, at the DSS13 Antenna Station in Goldstone, CA on a series of Voyager tracks and the technologies demonstrated are being transferred to the operational Deep Space Network stations.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0394.00073
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  • 88
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    An Expert System Approach to ISO 9000 Requirements for Foundry Operations (1997)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Expert systems 14 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: ISO 9000 certification is becoming an important competitive factor for foundries. Considerable organizational effort and expertise are needed to achieve this certification, which may be too time-consuming and expensive for many small to medium-sized companies. This paper will present the development of an object-oriented system to support the ISO certification process, with particular emphasis on clause 4.20 (use of statistical techniques). Recommendations for the design and implementation of each statistical tool are provided by the system, as well as training examples of suitable process monitoring and improvement procedures. The system runs on a microcomputer platform and was constructed utilizing Visual BASIC.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0394.00054
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  • 89
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    News (1997)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Expert systems 14 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0394.00051
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  • 90
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    An Intelligent Business Advisor System for Stock Investment (1997)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Expert systems 14 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: This paper presents an intelligent system to assist small investors to determine stock trend signals for investment in stock business. A pilot system is built providing three main categories of technical and analysis theories, namely momentum, moving average, and support/resistance line. It has extensive graphic interface design to facilitate the usage of the system. For novice investors, the system is associated with tutoring features and it supports analysis study of the rationale behind some system recommendations. Skilful investors can explore the various theories for the prediction by means of adjusting the weightings, combinations and even some independent variables allocated by the intelligent system. General users can therefore formulate their investment strategies upon system recommendations under different investment criteria accordingly.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0394.00049
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  • 91
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Neural Networks Carve their Niches (1997)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Expert systems 14 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0394.00039
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  • 92
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Arguments for Qualitative Risk Assessment: The StAR Risk Adviser (1997)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Expert systems 14 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Calculating risk is relatively straightforward when there is reliable statistical evidence on which to base a judgment. However, novel technologies are often characterised by a lack of such historical data, which creates a problem for risk assessment. In fact, numerical risk assessments can be positively misleading in such situations. We describe a decision support system – StAR – that gives quantitative assessments where appropriate, but which is also able to provide qualitative risk assessments based on arguments for and against the presence of risk. The user is presented with a summary statement of risk, together with the arguments that underlie this assessment. Furthermore, the user is able to search beyond these top-level arguments in order to discover more about the available evidence. Here we suggest that this approach is well-suited to the way in which people naturally make decisions, and we show how the StAR approach has been implemented in the domain of toxicological risk assessment.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0394.00038
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  • 93
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Strategies defined for the development of applications using Multilayer Perceptrons: A survey (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 13 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Abstract: The success in developing an application employing the Multilayer perceptron (MLP) as knowledge representation form is very dependent on the degree of complexity that the structure of the application's domain has. Different mathematical and/or statistical techniques have been developed to subtract the maximum amount of information of this type from an available sample of the operating space associated to the task of interest. In the context of MLP it has been used to decide on the form the different intervening parameters of the network and/or related learning algorithm (LA) should have. This paper provides an overview of the processes that have been defined to generate network applications using the MLP model, giving particular attention to those based on the dynamic creation of a network's architecture through the application of different techniques for subtracting information about the operating domain in which the training set is subsumed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1996.tb00185.x
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  • 94
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    INVEX: Investment Advisory Expert System (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 13 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Abstract: Capital investment is a very important business decision, because it is largely irreversible and usually long-term. We believe that the use of expert systems as a decision aid for interactive investment decision-making offers several advantages to an unassisted human decision-maker, or even to the human/conventional-DSS combination. For example, the expert system could capture valuable information about so called ‘hard data’, and about the attitude towards some drastic changes in the environment, that are not easy to include in any quantitative method. However, if one expert can play a very important role in the decision-making process, perhaps different experts can be even more valuable, bringing different approaches and somewhat different sets of information to a decision-making situation. Our multiparadigm blackboard framework, called BEST (Blackboard-based Expert Systems Toolkit), allows its user to combine knowledge coming from different experts, and to use different methods/paradigms to capture that knowledge, according to the type of partial problem at hand where each knowledge source is a single paradigm program. In investment decision-making, judgmental investment ranking and selection from expert economists, embedded in a rule-based knowledge source, might be combined with decisions from operational research methods (embedded in a knowledge source that fully respects multicriteria optimization paradigm) and from risk analysis method (embedded in a conventional, procedural knowledge source). When the decisions being combined come from different types of knowledge sources, redundancy is likely to be reduced and the combined decision is likely to be more objective.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1996.tb00183.x
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  • 95
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    News (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 13 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1996.tb00188.x
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  • 96
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    An expert system for unit commitment and power demand prediction using fuzzy logic and neural networks (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 13 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Abstract: The paper discusses the implementation of a fuzzy logic and artificial neural networks approach to providing a structural framework for the representation, manipulation and utilisation of data and information concerning prediction of power demand and generation commitments. An algorithm has been implemented and trained to predict the power demand at each load point on an hourly basis. The neural network is then implemented to supply the brute force necessary to accommodate the large amount of sensory data to provide the initial evaluation of the generation units to be committed. Results of the fuzzy model show a reasonable correspondence with the actual power demand. A standard deviation error for an hourly based prediction is limited to 4.4. Further refinement of the fuzzy model may produce further improvements. Implementation of artificial neural networks for scheduling an hourly unit commitment based on load demands is also discussed The backpropagation technique based on the I/O mapping method has been chosen for structuring the neural network. Geographically related load points and generating units are clustered into groups. Grouping has significantly reduced the number of inputs and outputs to the neural network and, hence, reduced the system complexity. As a result, both training requirements and running real time interaction are significantly improved. The expert system would replace and utilise the requirement for skilled dispatchers in scheduling the generators. It is anticipated that this facility is more accurate, dynamic, adaptive and more efficient than a skilled dispatcher. The overall cost of power generation is expected to be less if the new facility is used. Initial results have reflected a satisfactory correlation between predicted and actual results, with a standard deviation error of 1.71% and 1.96% in the base load units of HTPS and ATPS respectively.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1996.tb00281.x
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  • 97
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Toward an intelligent architectural design aid (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 12 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Abstract: Architectural design is a complex task which requires expert knowledge, a great deal of experience and no small amount of creativity and artistic flair. However, while humans are very good at creativity, intuition, artistry and evaluation, they are notoriously bad at routine mundane tasks. Searching through large databases of past designs can be such a task. This can result in useful design knowledge being ignored. In this paper we present a way to aid architects in their work by providing a software tool aimed at recording, retrieving and evaluating architectural designs.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1995.tb00110.x
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  • 98
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A bibliography of neural network business applications research: 1988–September 1994 (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 12 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Abstract: The purpose of this research is to present a comprehensive bibliography of neural network application research in business. One hundred and twenty-seven neural network application papers and reports are identified through exhaustive literature searches. A classification of these articles by application area reveals that neural networks are being used for a diverse range of corporate functional activities, particularly in the areas of production/operations and finance. Information on the neural network development language/tool, the learning paradigm and the computer operating environment as reported in each article is included. Those journals which have published the most neural network business applications are also presented.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1995.tb00114.x
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  • 99
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A neural network-based real-time robot tracking controller using position sensitive detectors (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 12 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Abstract: A real-time visual servo tracking system for an industrial robot has been developed. Instead of a charge coupled device (CCD), a position sensitive detector (PSD) is used as the real-time vision sensor due to its fast response (the light position is transduced to analogue current). A neural network learns the complex association between the 3D object position and its sensor reading, and uses it to track that object, either moving or stationary. It also turns out that this scheme lends itself to a user-friendly way to teach workpaths for industrial robots. Furthermore, for real-time use of the neural net, an efficient neural network architecture has been developed based on the concept of input space partitioning and local learning. Real experiments indicate the system's characteristics of fast processing and learning as well as optimal usage of network resources.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1995.tb00044.x
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  • 100
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Negotiation in a knowledge-based concurrent engineering design environment (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 12 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Abstract: Computational support for concurrent engineering design presents a number of issues in the design of knowledge-based systems. A fundamental concern is the need to provide the life-cycle perspective in recommending design alternatives. It is argued that such a complex knowledge-based system should be distributed, due to the inherent problems with large knowledge bases and the maintenance of consistency. Inconsistent local views of a problem and different priorities on design issues are expected between different knowledge-based design perspectives. These inconsistencies and different priorities will lead inherently to conflict which has to be resolved. This paper addresses the issues and key variables in conflict resolution and presents a strategy that can be applied for managing the conflict resolution process. We propose negotiation as the method of analysing a conflict situation, applying an appropriate conflict resolution strategy and monitoring its performance. We present an overview of the nature of conflict and some conflict resolution strategies, and see in what situations certain strategies are appropriate.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1995.tb00046.x
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