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  • Wiley  (31.802)
  • American Geophysical Union  (6.035)
  • 2010-2014  (37.837)
  • 2011  (37.837)
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  • 2010-2014  (37.837)
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  • 1
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    Early-middle Holocene land snail shell stable isotope record from Grotta di Latronico 3 (southern Italy) (2011)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-04-07
    Beschreibung: This paper compares stable isotope (δ18O and δ13C) records of early–middle Holocene land snail shells from the archaeological deposits of Grotta di Latronico 3 (LTR3; southern Italy) with modern shell isotopic data. No substantial interspecific variability was observed in shell δ18O (δ18Os) of modern specimens (Pomatias elegans, Cornu aspersum, Eobania vermiculata, Helix ligata and Marmorana fuscolabiata). In contrast, interspecific shell δ13C (δ13Cs) variability was significant, probably due to different feeding behaviour among species. The δ18Os values of living land snails suggest that species hibernate for a long period during colder months, so that the signal of 18O-depleted winter rainfall in their δ18Os is lost. This suggests that δ18Os and δ13Cs values of Pomatias elegans from this archaeological succession provide valuable clues for seasonal (spring–autumn) climatic conditions during the early–middle Holocene. The δ18Os values of fossil specimens are significantly lower than in modern shells and in agreement with other palaeoclimatic records, suggesting a substantial increase of precipitation and/or persistent changes in air mass source trajectories over this region between ca. 8.8 cal ka BP and 6.2–6.7 ka ago. The δ13Cs trend suggests a transition from a slightly 13C-enriched to a 13C-depleted diet between early and middle Holocene compared to present conditions. We postulate that this δ13Cs trend might reflect changes in the C3 vegetation community, potentially combined with other environmental factors such as regional moisture increase and the progressive decrease of atmospheric CO2 concentration. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 1347-1359
    Beschreibung: 3.7. Dinamica del clima e dell'oceano
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: reserved
    Schlagwort(e): central Mediterranean ; archaeological succession ; land snail shells ; stable isotopes ; palaeoclimate ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.01. General::03.01.03. Global climate models
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 2
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    An unloading foam model to constrain Etna’s 11–13 January 2011 lava fountaining episode (2011)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-06-09
    Beschreibung: The 11–13 January 2011 eruptive episode at Etna volcano occurred after several months of increasing ash emissions from the summit craters, and was heralded by increasing SO2 output, which peaked at ∼5000 megagrams/day several hours before the start of the eruptive activity. The eruptive episode began with a phase of Strombolian activity from a pit crater on the eastern flank of the SE‐Crater. Explosions became more intense with time and eventually became transitional between Strombolian and fountaining, before moving into a lava fountaining phase. Fountaining was accompanied by lava output from the lower rim of the pit crater. Emplacement of the resulting lava flow field, as well as associated lava fountain‐ and Strombolian‐phases, was tracked using a remote sensing network comprising both thermal and visible cameras. Thermal surveys completed once the eruptive episode had ended also allowed us to reconstruct the emplacement of the lava flow field. Using a high temporal resolution geostationary satellite data we were also able to construct a detailed record of the heat flux during the fountain‐fed flow phase and its subsequent cooling. The dense rock volume of erupted lava obtained from the satellite data was 1.2 × 106 m3; this was emplaced over a period of about 6 h to give a mean output rate of ∼55 m3 s−1. By comparison, geologic data allowed us to estimate dense rock volumes of ∼0.85 × 106 m3 for the pyroclastics erupted during the lava fountain phase, and 0.84–1.7 × 106 m3 for lavas erupted during the effusive phase, resulting in a total erupted dense rock volume of 1.7–2.5 × 106 m3 and a mean output rate of 78–117 m3 s−1. The sequence of events and quantitative results presented here shed light on the shallow feeding system of the volcano.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: B11207
    Beschreibung: 1.5. TTC - Sorveglianza dell'attività eruttiva dei vulcani
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: partially_open
    Schlagwort(e): Etna ; lava fountains ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 3
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    Turbulent times in the northern polar ionosphere? (2011)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-12-03
    Beschreibung: A model is presented of the growth rate of turbulently generated irregularities in the electron concentration of northern polar cap plasma patches. The turbulence is generated by the short‐term fluctuations in the electric field imposed on the polar cap ionosphere by electric field mapping from the magnetosphere. The model uses an ionospheric imaging algorithm to specify the state of the ionosphere throughout. The growth rates are used to estimate mean amplitudes for the irregularities, and these mean amplitudes are compared with observations of the scintillation indices S4 and s by calculating the linear correlation coefficients between them. The scintillation data are recorded by GPS L1 band receivers stationed at high northern latitudes. A total of 13 days are analyzed, covering four separate magnetic storm periods. These results are compared with those from a similar model of the gradient drift instability (GDI) growth rate. Overall, the results show better correlation between the GDI process and the scintillation indices than for the turbulence process and the scintillation indices. Two storms, however, show approximately equally good correlations for both processes, indicating that there might be times when the turbulence process of irregularity formation on plasma patches may be the controlling one.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: A04310
    Beschreibung: 1.7. Osservazioni di alta e media atmosfera
    Beschreibung: 3.9. Fisica della magnetosfera, ionosfera e meteorologia spaziale
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: restricted
    Schlagwort(e): ionospheric irregularities ; scintillations ; Gradient Drift Instability ; 01. Atmosphere::01.02. Ionosphere::01.02.04. Plasma Physics ; 01. Atmosphere::01.02. Ionosphere::01.02.07. Scintillations ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.03. Inverse methods
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 4
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    Fracture Mechanical Analysis of Cracks in Ice Shelves using the Finite Element Method and Configurational Forces (2011)
    Wiley
    In:  EPIC3Proceedings in Applied Mathematics and Mechanics, Wiley, 11(1), pp. 169-170, ISSN: 16177061
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-11-13
    Beschreibung: Ice shelves are important elements of the climate system and sensitive to climate changes. The disintegration of large Antarctic ice shelves is the focus of this fracture mechanical analysis. Ice is a complex material which, depending on the context, can be seen as a viscous fluid or as an elastic solid. A fracture event usually occurs on a rather short time scale, thus the elastic response is important and linear elastic fracture mechanics can be used. The investigation of the stress intensity factor as a measure of crack tip loading is based on a 2-dimensional analysis of a single crack with a mode-I type load and additional body loads. This investigation is performed using configurational forces. Depth dependent density and temperature profiles are considered. The relevant parameters are obtained by literature, remote sensing data analysis and modeling of the ice dynamics. The criticality of wet surface cracks is investigated.
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Materialart: Article , notRev
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 5
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    High resolution velocity structure beneath Mount Vesuvius from seismic array data (2011)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2012-02-03
    Beschreibung: A high resolution P-wave image of Mt. Vesuvius edifice has been derived from simultaneous inversion of travel times and hypocentral parameters of local earthquakes, land based shots and small aperture array data. The results give detailsdownto300 – 500m.Therelocatedlocalseismicity appears to extend down to 5 km below the central crater, distributed in a major cluster, centered at 3 km below the central crater and in a minor group, with diffuse hypocenters inside the volcanic edifice. The two clusters are separated by an anomalously high Vp region at around 1 km depth. A zone with high Vp/Vs in the upper layers is interpreted as produced by the presence of intense fluid circulation. The highest energy quakes (up to M = 3.6) are located in the deeper cluster, in a high P-wave velocity zone. Our results favor an interpretation in terms of absence of shallow magma reservoirs.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 3.1. Fisica dei terremoti
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: reserved
    Schlagwort(e): Velocity Tomography ; Mt. Vesuvius ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.07. Tomography and anisotropy
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 6
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    Topography of the Calabria subduction zone (southern Italy): Clues for the origin of Mt. Etna (2011)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2012-02-03
    Beschreibung: Calabria represents an ideal site to analyze the topography of a subduction zone as it is located on top of a narrow active Wadati-Benioff zone and shows evidence of rapid uplift. We analyzed a pattern of surface deformation using elevation data with different filters and showed the existence of a long wavelength (〉100 km) relatively positive topographic signal at the slab edges. The elevation of MIS 5.5 stage marine terraces supports this pattern, although the record is incomplete and partly masked by the variable denudation rate. We performed structural analyses along the major active or recently reactivated normal faults showing that the extensional direction varies along the Calabrian Arc and laterally switches from arc-normal, within the active portion of the slab, to arc-oblique or even arc-parallel, along the northern and southern slab edges. This surface deformation pattern was compared with a recent high resolution P wave tomographic model showing that the high seismic velocity anomaly is continuous only within the active Wadati-Benioff zone, whereas the northern and southwestern sides are marked by low velocity anomalies, suggesting that large-scale topographic bulges, volcanism, and uplift could have been produced by mantle upwelling. We present numerical simulations to visualize the three-dimensional mantle circulation around a narrow retreating slab, ideally similar to the one presently subducting beneath Calabria. We emphasize that mantle upwelling and surface deformation are expected at the edges of the slab, where return flows may eventually drive decompression melting and the Mount Etna volcanism.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: TC1003
    Beschreibung: 3.3. Geodinamica e struttura dell'interno della Terra
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: reserved
    Schlagwort(e): topography ; Calabrian Arc ; subduction ; tomography ; mantle flow ; uplift ; retreat ; anisotropy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.02. Geodynamics
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 7
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    Water vapor sounding with the far infrared REFIR-PAD spectroradiometer from a high-altitude ground-based station during the ECOWAR campaign (2011)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2012-02-03
    Beschreibung: The Radiation Explorer in the Far InfraRed-Prototype for Applications and Development (REFIR-PAD) spectroradiometer was operated from the Testa Grigia Italian-Alps station in March 2007 during the Earth Cooling by Water Vapour Radiation (ECOWAR) measurement campaign, obtaining downwelling radiance spectra in the 100–1100 cm−1 range, under clear-sky conditions and in the presence of cirrus clouds. The analysis of these measurements has proven that the instrument is capable of determining precipitable water vapor with a total uncertainty of 5–7% by using the far-infrared rotational band of water. The measurement is unaffected by the presence of cirri, whose optical depth can be instead retrieved as an additional parameter. Information on the vertical profiles of water vapor volume mixing ratio and temperature can also be retrieved for three altitude levels. The ability to measure the water vapor column with a simple, uncooled instrument, capable of operating continuously and with a time resolution of about 10 min, makes REFIR-PAD a very valuable instrument for meteorological and climatological studies for the characterization of the water vapor distribution.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: D02310
    Beschreibung: 1.7. Osservazioni di alta e media atmosfera
    Beschreibung: 1.10. TTC - Telerilevamento
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: reserved
    Schlagwort(e): tropospheric water vapor ; IR spectroscopy ; REFIR-PAD ; ECOWAR ; 01. Atmosphere::01.01. Atmosphere::01.01.01. Composition and Structure ; 01. Atmosphere::01.01. Atmosphere::01.01.08. Instruments and techniques
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 8
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    Slip Distribution of the 2003 Tokachi-oki Mw 8.1 earthquake from joint inversion of tsunami waveforms and geodetic data (2011)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2012-02-03
    Beschreibung: We study the 2003 Mw 8.1 Tokachi‐oki earthquake, a great interplate event that occurred along the southwestern Kuril Trench and generated a significant tsunami. To determine the earthquake slip distribution, we perform the first joint inversion of tsunami waveforms measured by tide gauges and of coseismic displacement measured both by GPS stations and three ocean bottom pressure gauges (PG) for this event. The resolution of the different data sets on the slip distribution is assessed by means of several checkerboard tests. Results show that tsunami data constrain the slip distribution offshore, whereas GPS data constrain the slip distribution in the onshore zone. The three PG data only coarsely constrain the offshore slip, indicating that denser networks should be installed close to subduction zones. Combining the three data sets significantly improves the inversion results. Joint inversion of the 2003 Tokachi‐oki earthquake data leads to maximum slip values (∼6 m) confined at depths greater than ∼25 km, between 30 and 80 km northwest of the hypocenter, with a patch of slip (3 m) in the deepest part of the source (∼50 km depth). Slip values are very low (≤1 m) updip from the hypocenter. Furthermore, the rupture does not extend on the plate interface off Akkeshi. As a significant back slip amount (∼4 m) has accumulated there since the last 1952 earthquake, this segment could rupture during the next large interplate event along the Kuril Trench.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: B11313
    Beschreibung: 3.1. Fisica dei terremoti
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: open
    Schlagwort(e): tsunami ; coseismic displacement ; joint inversion ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.03. Inverse methods
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 9
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    A relation between lava discharge rate, thermal insulation, and flow area set using lidar data (2011)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2012-02-03
    Beschreibung: A simple linear relation can be used to link time averaged discharge rate (TADR) and lava flow area (A). The relation applies to given insulation conditions, as described by the characteristic flow surface temperature (Te), and will vary from case-to-case depending on rheological and topographic influences on flow spreading. Most flows have insulation conditions that change through time, modifying the relationship between TADR and area as insulation conditions evolve. Using lidar data we can define TADR, the flow area that the discharge feeds and Te, allowing generation of a case-specific relation to convert satellite-data-derived flow areas to TADR. For Etna's 2006 lava flow field we obtain a relation whereby TADR = 5.6 × 10−6 A for well insulated conditions (Te = 100°C) and TADR = 1.5 × 10−4 A for poorly insulated conditions (Te = 600°C).
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: L20308
    Beschreibung: 1.10. TTC - Telerilevamento
    Beschreibung: 3.5. Geologia e storia dei vulcani ed evoluzione dei magmi
    Beschreibung: 3.6. Fisica del vulcanismo
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: reserved
    Schlagwort(e): lava flow ; discharge rate ; area ; surface temperature ; lidar ; Etna. ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.05. Volcanic rocks ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.08. Volcanic risk
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 10
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    Magnetic properties of sedimentary greigite (Fe3S4): an update (2011)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2012-02-03
    Beschreibung: Greigite (Fe3S4) is an authigenic ferrimagnetic mineral that grows as a precursor to pyrite during early diagenetic sedimentary sulfate reduction. It can also grow at any time when dissolved iron and sulfide are available during diagenesis. Greigite is important in paleomagnetic, environmental, biological, biogeochemical, tectonic, and industrial processes. Much recent progress has been made in understanding its magnetic properties. Greigite is an inverse spinel and a collinear ferrimagnet with antiferromagnetic coupling between iron in octahedral and tetrahedral sites. The crystallographic c axis is the easy axis of magnetization, with magnetic properties dominated by magnetocrystalline anisotropy. Robust empirical estimates of the saturation magnetization, anisotropy constant, and exchange constant for greigite have been obtained recently for the first time, and the first robust estimate of the low‐field magnetic susceptibility is reported here. The Curie temperature of greigite remains unknown but must exceed 350°C. Greigite lacks a low‐temperature magnetic transition. On the basis of preliminary micromagnetic modeling, the size range for stable single domain behavior is 17–200 nm for cubic crystals and 17–500 nm for octahedral crystals. Gradual variation in magnetic properties is observed through the pseudo‐single‐domain size range. We systematically document the known magnetic properties of greigite (at high, ambient, and low temperatures and with alternating and direct fields) and illustrate how grain size variations affect magnetic properties. Recognition of this range of magnetic properties will aid identification and constrain interpretation of magnetic signals carried by greigite, which is increasingly proving to be environmentally important and responsible for complex paleomagnetic records, including widespread remagnetizations.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: RG1002
    Beschreibung: 2.2. Laboratorio di paleomagnetismo
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: restricted
    Schlagwort(e): greigite ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.05. Mineralogy and petrology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.08. Sediments: dating, processes, transport ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.06. Paleomagnetism ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.07. Rock magnetism ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.09. Environmental magnetism
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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