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  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (2,335)
  • 2005-2009
  • 1980-1984  (2,335)
  • 1981  (2,335)
  • 1
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1981-12-18
    Description: In the Research News article, "Drug found to help heart attack survivors" (13 Nov., p. 774) two percentages were transposed. The article should have stated that 9.5 percent of the placebo group died, but that only 7.0 percent of the propranolol group died after 2 years of follow-up.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Dec 18;214(4527):1294.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17812237" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 2
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1981-12-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Dec 4;214(4525):1117-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17755883" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 3
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1981-11-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Nov 6;214(4521):649.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17839650" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 4
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1981-10-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Oct 30;214(4520):524.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17838390" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 5
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1981-10-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Oct 23;214(4519):474.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17730250" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 6
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1981-10-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Oct 16;214(4518):358.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17829795" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 1981-10-30
    Description: Hemocyanin in the whole blood of the hydrothermal vent brachyuran crab, Bythograea thermydron, has a moderate oxygen affinity (P(50) = 6.6 millimeters of mercury at 2.6 degrees C; pH 7.5), which unlike that of other hemocyanins is independent of temperature over the range 2 degrees to 30 degrees C; carbon dioxide and pH have independent effects on the oxygen affinity of this pigment. The pH effect on affinity is moderate (Deltalog P(50)/DeltapH = -0.34), whereas increased carbon dioxide, which can act both directly and by changing pH, has a much larger effect (Deltalog P(50)/DeltapH = -0.81). This blood has a moderately high degree of cooperativity (Hill cooperativity coefficient, n, was 2.8) and a large oxygen-carrying capacity for a crustacean (4.5 milliliters of oxygen per 100 milliliters of blood). These properties characterize an oxygen transport system whose function appears to be largely independent of the wide range of environmental conditions encountered around the vents.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Arp, A J -- Childress, J J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Oct 30;214(4520):559-61.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17838404" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 8
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1981-03-20
    Description: Sexual dimorphism in selected extragenital tissues is described with emphasis on the molecular basis of the differences. Testosterone rather than 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone appears to be the major intracellular androgen in organs other than skin and reproductive tract, but other steroid metabolites and their receptors are required to produce the diverse tissue differences observed in males and females. There is also evidence that multiple hormones from several endocrine glands are required to act in concert with androgens to produce and maintain their effects. Although many of the consequences of sexual dimorphism, such as body size and strength, have been evident for centuries, other differences between males and females such as disease incidence, response to drugs and toxins, and the metabolism and assimilation of dietary constituents have only recently been discovered.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bardin, C W -- Catterall, J F -- HD-13541/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Mar 20;211(4488):1285-94.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7010603" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Androgen-Insensitivity Syndrome/metabolism ; Androgens/metabolism/physiology ; Animals ; Erythropoiesis ; Estradiol/physiology ; Humans ; Kidney/metabolism ; Liver/metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Muscles/metabolism ; Progestins/physiology ; Proteins/secretion ; Rats ; Receptors, Androgen/metabolism ; *Sex Differentiation ; Testosterone/metabolism/*physiology ; Transcription, Genetic
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  • 9
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1981-12-04
    Description: The basic realities of the distribution of the world's population, wealth, and agricultural production base are not conducive to an automatic stabilizing process for the world's hungry. Increasing volatility in the world grain production in the 1980's could create a problem of major proportions. By 1990, the developed world will account for 24 percent of the world's population, 85 percent of the world's economic activity, and around 50 percent of the world's grain production and consumption. On a per capita basis, the developed world will consume nearly three times as much grain as the developing countries which account for three-fourths of the world's population. Increased food aid, which is essential, is not the solution to the basic problem. The low-income countries need a massive infusion of capital investment, research support, and education if they are to build infrastructures that have the capacity to produce, distribute, and market food supplies. Other options serve only to prolong and aggravate the current disparities.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Barr, T N -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Dec 4;214(4525):1087-95.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7302579" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Climate ; Developing Countries ; Edible Grain ; *Food Supply ; Humans ; *Population
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  • 10
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1981-06-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Balzer, H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jun 19;212(4501):1379-80.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17746251" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 11
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1981-07-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Aronow, A M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jul 17;213(4505):290.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17819885" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 12
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1981-12-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bates, D M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Dec 18;214(4527):1340.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17812257" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 13
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1981-04-17
    Description: Voltage-clamp recordings from mouse spinal neurons grown in culture were used to study the membrane current fluctuations induced by 12 substances structurally similar to gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Fluctuation analysis provided estimates of the electrical properties of the elementary events underlying these responses. Estimates of the mean conductance of channels activated by all of the substances except glycine did not differ significantly from that estimated for GABA, whereas mean durations of agonist-activated channels all differed significantly from that found for GABA. The results indicate that all of the substances tested except glycine activate channels of similar conductance but of different durations.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Barker, J L -- Mathers, D A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Apr 17;212(4492):358-61.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6259733" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Membrane/drug effects ; Ion Channels/*drug effects ; Membrane Potentials/drug effects ; Mice ; Neurons/drug effects ; Receptors, Cell Surface/metabolism ; Receptors, GABA-A ; Spinal Nerves/*drug effects ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; Time Factors ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/*analogs & derivatives/pharmacology
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  • 14
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1981-01-09
    Description: The spatial distribution of phosphorus within active fraction nucleosomes reveals that the path of the DNA is consistent with one and three-fourths turns of DNA supercoiled around the outside of the protein core. This phosphorus distribution, obtained with an imaging electron spectrometer in a conventional transmission electron microscope, simultaneously establishes new limits of sensitivity for elemental microanalysis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bazett-Jones, D P -- Ottensmeyer, F P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jan 9;211(4478):169-70.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7444457" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cattle ; Dna ; Electron Probe Microanalysis ; Microscopy, Electron/methods ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Nucleosomes/*ultrastructure ; *Phosphorus ; Transcription, Genetic
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  • 15
    Publication Date: 1981-05-22
    Description: Incubation of cortical synaptic membranes with low concentrations of calcium resulted in a decrease in the amount of a high-molecular-weight doublet protein and an increase in the sodium-independent binding of glutamate. Both effects were blocked by the thiol protease inhibitor leupeptin. These results suggest that calcium-induced proteolysis of membrane components regulates the number of glutamate receptors in neuronal membranes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Baudry, M -- Bundman, M C -- Smith, E K -- Lynch, G S -- MH-19793-09/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 May 22;212(4497):937-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7015504" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Calcium/antagonists & inhibitors/*pharmacology ; Cerebellum/metabolism ; Cerebral Cortex/metabolism ; Cysteine Endopeptidases ; Endopeptidases/*metabolism ; Glutamates/*metabolism ; Leupeptins/pharmacology ; Membrane Proteins/*metabolism ; Molecular Weight ; Rats ; Synaptic Membranes/*metabolism
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  • 16
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1981-03-06
    Description: Throughout development, Mongolian gerbils engage in conspicuous naso-oral investigations of their social partners' mouth areas. The behavioral contribution of saliva-related stimuli in regulating oral-directed responses was studied during several important phases of the gerbil's social life. Weanlings were preferentially attracted to their mother's saliva, subadults at puberty preferred saliva of littermates to that of nonlittermates, and sexually experienced males preferred the saliva of estrous females to that of nonestrous females. The use of saliva as a discriminative cue during various developmental periods suggests that oral chemostimuli have a perennial role in regulating social interchanges.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Block, M L -- Volpe, L C -- Hayes, M J -- R03MH 27346/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Mar 6;211(4486):1062-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7466378" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Suckling/physiology ; Behavior, Animal/*physiology ; Female ; Gerbillinae/*physiology ; Male ; Maternal Behavior ; Saliva/*physiology ; *Social Behavior
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  • 17
    Publication Date: 1981-09-11
    Description: Empty shells of spinose planktonic foraminifera on the seabed are significantly enriched in oxygen-18 as compared with the shells of their living counterparts in surface waters. This enrichment is due to gametogenic calcification, which extracts calcium carbonate from deeper and colder waters as the shell sinks below the euphotic zone. JEAN-CLAUDE DUPLESSY.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Blanc, P L -- Be, A W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Sep 11;213(4513):1247-50.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17744758" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 18
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1981-12-18
    Description: A dihydropyridine-pyridinium salt type of redox system is used in a general and flexible method for the site-specific or sustained delivery (or both) of drugs to the brain. A biologically active compound linked to a lipoidal dihydropyridine carrier easily penetrates the blood-brain barrier. Oxidation of the carrier part in vivo to the ionic pyridinium salt prevents its elimination from the brain, while elimination from the general circulation is accelerated. Subsequent cleavage of the quaternary carrier-drug species results in sustained delivery of the drug in the brain and facile elimination of the carrier part.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bodor, N -- Farag, H H -- Brewster, M E 3rd -- GM 27167/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Dec 18;214(4527):1370-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7313698" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Berberine/administration & dosage ; Blood-Brain Barrier ; Brain Diseases/*drug therapy ; Metabolic Clearance Rate ; Nicotinic Acids/administration & dosage ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Phenethylamines/administration & dosage ; Pyridines/*administration & dosage ; Pyridinium Compounds/*administration & dosage ; Rats
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  • 19
    Publication Date: 1981-10-23
    Description: Q-mode factor analysis has been used to partition the variability of environmentally active metals in Delaware Bay sediments. Three factors, identified as a natural background source, an oceanic or seawater source, and an estuarine source, account for 96 percent of the metal variability.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bopp, F 3rd -- Biggs, R B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Oct 23;214(4519):441-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17730245" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 20
    Publication Date: 1981-06-19
    Description: Intense rapid eye movements (REM) during sleep were investigated as a possible indication of delay in the neurodevelopment of infants. The rate of occurrence of REM storms was determined by monitoring the sleep of 15 normal, first-born infants during weeks 2 through 5 and at 3, 6, 12 months. The amount of REM within each 10-second interval of active sleep was rated on a four-point scale based on frequency and intensity of eye movements. When the babies were 12 months old, the Bayley Scales of Mental Development were administered. A significant negative correlation was found between the frequency of REM storms of 14 subjects was also studied. The negative correlation was confirmed. The findings support the suggestion that by 6 months of age REM storms express dysfunction or delay in the development of central inhibitory feedback controls for sleep organization and phasic sleep-related activities.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Becker, P T -- Thoman, E B -- HD-12948/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jun 19;212(4501):1415-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7233232" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Age Factors ; *Child Development ; Humans ; *Infant ; *Infant, Newborn ; Neurons/physiology ; *Sleep, REM
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  • 21
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1981-07-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jul 10;213(4504):196.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17782770" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 22
    Publication Date: 1981-05-22
    Description: Xanthotoxin, a linear furanocoumarin occurring in many plants of the family Umbelliferae, is not appreciably toxic to the umbellifer-feeding larvae of Papilio polyxenes (Lepidoptera; Papilionidae), whereas angelicin, an angular furanocoumarin found only in a few relatively advanced tribes of the Umbelliferae, reduces growth rate and fecundity. The biosynthetic pathway leading to angular attachment of the furan ring may thus have been a response within the Umbelliferae to selective pressures exerted by specialized herbivores that had adapted to feeding on linear furanocoumarins.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Berenbaum, M -- Feeny, P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 May 22;212(4497):927-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17830190" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 23
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1981-05-22
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Branscomb, L M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 May 22;212(4497):877.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17830174" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 24
    Publication Date: 1981-03-06
    Description: Living skin-equivalent grafts consisting of fibroblasts cast in collagen lattices and seeded with epidermal cells were successfully grafted onto the donors of the cells. The grafts were vascularized, did not evoke a homograft reaction, inhibited wound contraction, filled the wound space, and persisted.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bell, E -- Ehrlich, H P -- Buttle, D J -- Nakatsuji, T -- GN25561/PHS HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Mar 6;211(4486):1052-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7008197" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biocompatible Materials ; *Collagen ; Epidermis/cytology ; Extracellular Space ; Fibroblasts/*transplantation ; Graft Rejection ; Male ; Rats ; *Skin Transplantation ; Wound Healing
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  • 25
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1981-05-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Branscomb, L M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 May 1;212(4494):514-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7209546" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Behavior ; Budgets ; Cognition ; Economics ; Engineering/economics ; Forecasting ; *Government Agencies ; Research Support as Topic/*economics ; Social Sciences/economics ; United States
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1981-10-02
    Description: In a replicated experiment, nonbreeding winter populations of Microtus montanus were given supplements of rolled oats coated with 6-methoxybenzoxazolinone, a naturally occurring plant derivative. After 3 weeks of this feeding regime, samples from the populations demonstrated a high incidence of pregnancy in females and testicular hypertrophy in males. Control populations receiving rolled oats coated only with the solvent showed no reproductive activity. These results demonstrate that the presence of 6-methoxybenzoxazolinone in the plant food resource acts as the ultimate cue to trigger reproductive effort in Microtus montanus.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Berger, P J -- Negus, N C -- Sanders, E H -- Gardner, P D -- RR-07092/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Oct 2;214(4516):69-70.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7025210" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arvicolinae/*physiology ; Benzoxazoles/*pharmacology ; Diet ; Environment ; Female ; Male ; Plants ; Reproduction/*drug effects ; Seasons
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  • 27
    Publication Date: 1981-08-14
    Description: Two maternally derived chromosome sets and both maternal histocompatibility antigen haplotypes were identified in the tissues of a malformed triploid acardiac twin that developed within the same chorion as its normal twin. These findings indicate that the twins arose as a result of independent fertilizations, by two different spermatozoa, of a normal haploid ovum and its diploid first-meiotic-division polar body.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bieber, F R -- Nance, W E -- Morton, C C -- Brown, J A -- Redwine, F O -- Jordan, R L -- Mohanakumar, T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Aug 14;213(4509):775-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7196086" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Abnormalities, Severe Teratoid/*genetics ; Female ; Fertilization ; HLA Antigens/genetics ; Heart Defects, Congenital/*genetics ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Karyotyping ; Male ; Meiosis ; Polyploidy ; Pregnancy ; *Twins
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  • 28
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1981-06-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jun 5;212(4499):1133.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17815216" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 29
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1981-07-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Broad, W J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jul 10;213(4504):188-90.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17782768" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 30
    Publication Date: 1981-06-19
    Description: Four options for allocating a long-term, severe shortfall of petroleum imports are analyzed: oil price and allocation controls, coupon gasoline rationing, variable gasoline tax and rebate, and no oil price controls with partial rebates. Each of these options is evaluated in terms of four criteria: microeconomic effects, macroeconomic effects, equity, and practical problems. The implications of this analysis for energy contingency planning are discussed.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bezdek, R H -- Taylor, W B Jr -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jun 19;212(4501):1357-63.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17746245" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 31
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1981-06-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jun 5;212(4499):1133.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17815214" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 32
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1981-06-12
    Description: In the Meeting Highlight "Caffeine's stimulatory effects explained" (Research News, 27 Mar., p. 1408), the adenosine molecule should have been represented as follows: [See Figure in the PDF file].〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jun 12;212(4500):1214.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17738816" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 33
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1981-04-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Broad, W J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Apr 10;212(4491):137-41.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7209527" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biomedical Research ; *Crime ; *Fraud ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; *Research ; Social Control, Formal ; United States
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  • 34
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1981-03-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Broad, W J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Mar 6;211(4486):1020-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17744909" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 35
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1981-05-22
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 May 22;212(4497):961.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17830193" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 36
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1981-05-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 May 15;212(4496):757.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17752231" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 37
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1981-06-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jun 5;212(4499):1131-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17815210" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 38
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1981-05-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 May 8;212(4495):698.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17739405" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 39
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1981-05-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 May 8;212(4495):610.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7194507" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Cattle ; *Embryo Transfer ; Female ; Humans ; Pregnancy
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  • 40
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1981-06-05
    Description: Anthropologist Louis Dupree ("Afghanistan: The politics of a tragicomedy," News and Comment, 1 May, p. 521), a member of the American Universities Field Staff, is also associated with the Pennsylvania State University, not with the University of Pennsylvania, as stated.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jun 5;212(4499):1087.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17815200" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 41
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1981-09-25
    Description: Several recent developments have implications for the neutral particle environment of Jupiter. Very hot sulfur ions have been detected in the Io torus with gyrospeeds comparable to the corotation speed, a phenomenon that would result from a neutral sulfur cloud. Current evidence supports the hypothesis that extensive neutral clouds of oxygen and sulfur exist in the Jupiter magnetosphere and that they are important sources of ions and energy for the Io torus.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Brown, R A -- Ip, W H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Sep 25;213(4515):1493-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17780879" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 42
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1981-05-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 May 1;212(4494):532-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17737201" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 43
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1981-05-29
    Description: A summary of 111 studies identified in a survey of the world literature on familial resemblances in measured intelligence reveals a profile of average correlations consistent with a polygenic mode of inheritance. There is, however, a marked degree of heterogeneity of the correlations within familial groupings, which is not moderated by sex of familial pairing or by type of intelligence test used.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bouchard, T J Jr -- McGue, M -- 5 T32 MH14647/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 May 29;212(4498):1055-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7195071" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Family ; Female ; *Genetics, Medical ; Humans ; *Intelligence ; Intelligence Tests ; Male ; Pregnancy ; Sex Factors ; Twins
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  • 44
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1981-04-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Apr 24;212(4493):475.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17802548" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 45
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1981-03-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Campbell, K E Jr -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Mar 13;211(4487):1153-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17755149" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 46
    Publication Date: 1981-01-30
    Description: Aversive associative learning in Aplysia california survives restraint of the animal and surgical exposure of the central nervous system. The learning is expressed in the intracellularly recorded activity of identified motor neurons mediating three different defensive behaviors: escape locomotion, inking, and siphon withdrawal. In each case, animals that had previously received paired training showed significant facilitation of synaptic input to motor neurons during test stimulation in the presence of the conditioned stimulus. Animals without such training showed no facilitation of input to the motor neurons. Resting potential and input resistance appeared unaffected by conditioning and were not altered by application of the conditioned stimulus. These results show that the conditioned facilitation of defensive responses cannot be explained by subthreshold actions of the conditioned stimulus on the motor neurons and support the hypothesis that Aplysia learn to associate the conditioned stimulus with a fearlike central state.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Carew, T J -- Walters, E T -- Kandel, E R -- 5K02MH0081/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- 5K05MH18558/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- 5T32MH1574/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jan 30;211(4481):501-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7455692" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials ; Animals ; Aplysia/*physiology ; Association Learning/*physiology ; Avoidance Learning/*physiology ; Learning/*physiology ; Locomotion ; Motor Neurons/physiology
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  • 47
    Publication Date: 1981-07-17
    Description: The existence of a symbiotic association between vestimentiferan tube worms from deep-sea hydrothermal vents and chemoautotrophic sulfur-oxidizing prokaryotes, based on histological and enzymatic evidence, is suggested.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cavanaugh, C M -- Gardiner, S L -- Jones, M L -- Jannasch, H W -- Waterbury, J B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jul 17;213(4505):340-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17819907" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 48
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1981-01-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cassidy, D C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jan 9;211(4478):158-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17757262" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 49
    Publication Date: 1981-04-03
    Description: The synthetic peptide NH2-Tyr-Pro-Phe-Pro-CONH2 (morphiceptin), which is the amide of a fragment of the milk protein beta-casein, has morphinelike activities and is highly specific for morphine (mu) receptors but not for enkephalin (delta) receptors. It is as active as morphine in the guinea pig ileum but much less active in the mouse and rat vas deferens. The discovery of this specific morphine receptor ligand substantiates the hypothesis of multiple opiate receptors. The ligand, which may be of physiological significance since a very similar, or identical, activity can be detected in enzymatic digests of beta-casein, may prove useful for further investigation of the functions of opiate receptor subtypes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chang, K J -- Lillian, A -- Hazum, E -- Cuatrecasas, P -- Chang, J K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Apr 3;212(4490):75-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6259732" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Binding, Competitive ; Caseins/pharmacology ; Dihydromorphine/metabolism ; Endorphins/*pharmacology ; Enkephalins/metabolism ; Guanosine Triphosphate/pharmacology ; Guinea Pigs ; Ileum/drug effects ; Male ; Mice ; Naloxone/metabolism ; Rats ; Receptors, Opioid/*drug effects ; Sodium/pharmacology ; Vas Deferens/drug effects
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  • 50
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1981-01-02
    Description: The milk sugar lactose is known to facilitate calcium absorption and has been shown to enhance the uptake of essential trace metals from the intestines as well. Its physiological role as the major carbohydrate source for suckling mammals is thus complemented by its ability to facilitate the absorption of necessary minerals. The studies reported here show that the intestinal absorption of lead and its uptake into blood, liver, kidney, and bone are also increased by lactose in young weanling rats. These data extend the known range of lactose facilitation of mineral absorption to a nonessential, toxic element, confirming the nonspecificity of its action on the gut. In addition, they suggest an explanation for some of the conflicting evidence regarding the prophylactic efficacy of milk in lead poisoning.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bushnell, P J -- DeLuca, H F -- ES-05147/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jan 2;211(4477):61-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7444448" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Age Factors ; Animals ; Disaccharides/pharmacology ; Hexoses/metabolism ; Intestinal Absorption/*drug effects ; Lactose/*pharmacology ; Lead/*metabolism ; Lead Poisoning/metabolism ; Male ; Milk/metabolism ; Rats ; Stimulation, Chemical ; Tissue Distribution
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1981-08-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cachel, S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Aug 21;213(4510):859-60.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17775268" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 52
    Publication Date: 1981-10-09
    Description: The serum of lactating rats that have never been infected with the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma lewisi contains a rheumatoid factor-like immunoglobulin M (IgM). This IgM amplifies a specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) response to the parasite and accounts for the unusual resistance of previously uninfected lactating rats and their suckling pups to infection with T. lewisi. A similar rheumatoid factor-like IgM, which is induced late in the usual course of infection with T. lewisi in nonlactating rats, amplifies an earlier IgM response and terminates the infection. To our knowledge, this is the first description of a rheumatoid factor, which is classified as an autoimmune antibody, acting in a protective manner.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Clarkson, A B Jr -- Mellow, G H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Oct 9;214(4517):186-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7025211" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Suckling/immunology ; Antigen-Antibody Complex ; Female ; Immunoglobulin G ; Immunoglobulin M/*immunology ; *Lactation ; Pregnancy ; Rats ; Rheumatoid Factor/*immunology ; Trypanosoma lewisi/immunology ; Trypanosomiasis/*immunology
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  • 53
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1981-02-20
    Description: Staphylococcus aureus isolates from patients with toxic-shock syndrome have two antigenic proteins that distinguish these strains from isolates obtained from patients who do not have this syndrome and who are colonized or infected with S. aureus. These proteins may either represent antigenic markers, the toxin (or toxins), or toxic subunits that cause the clinical manifestations of this disease.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, M L -- Falkow, S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Feb 20;211(4484):842-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7466361" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Antigens, Bacterial/*analysis ; Bacterial Proteins/*immunology ; Female ; Humans ; Shock, Septic/*immunology/microbiology ; Staphylococcus aureus/*immunology ; Syndrome ; Vagina/*microbiology
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  • 54
    Publication Date: 1981-10-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Crissey, M M -- Steele, G D -- Gittes, R F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Oct 16;214(4518):351.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17829791" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 55
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1981-05-22
    Description: The mutation component, M, is a measure of the proportion of the impact of a genetic condition that is attributable to recurrent mutation. For a trait maintained by balance between mutation and directional selection, M is approximately the broad-sense heritability; for a measured character where the mean and optimum coincide, M is about half the heritability. If the narrow-sense heritability is high, the impact changes relatively rapidly with a change in mutation rate. If the narrow-sense heritability is low, M cannot be predicted, but the change in impact following a change in mutation rate, if any, is very slow.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Crow, J F -- Denniston, C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 May 22;212(4497):888-93.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7233180" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Genetics, Medical ; Genetics, Population ; Humans ; *Mutation ; Selection, Genetic
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  • 56
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1981-01-23
    Description: Following the discovery of the 11-year solar cycle signal in earth rotation, linear techniques were employed to investigate the amplitude and phase of the difference between ephemeris time and universal time (DeltaT) as a function of time. The amplitude is nonstationary. This difference was related to Delta(LOD), the difference between the length of day and its nominal value. The 11-year term in Delta(LOD) was 0.8 millisecond at the close of the 18th century and decreased below noise level from 1840 to 1860. From 1875 to 1925, Delta(LOD) was about 0.16 millisecond, and it decreased to about 0.08 millisecond by the 1950's. Except for anomalous behavior from 1797 to 1838, DeltaT lags sunspot numbers by 3.0 +/- 0.4 years. Since DeltaT lags Delta(LOD) by 2.7 years, the result is that Delta(LOD) is approximately in phase with sunspot numbers.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Currie, R G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jan 23;211(4480):386-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17748272" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 57
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1981-05-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cooke, H B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 May 15;212(4496):800-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17752269" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 58
    Publication Date: 1981-05-22
    Description: Sodium-23 nuclear magnetic resonance images of phantoms and gated images of isolated perfused working rat hearts were obtained. By synchronizing the nuclear magnetic resonance process to the heartbeat, images were obtained at systole and at diastole.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉DeLayre, J L -- Ingwall, J S -- Malloy, C -- Fossel, E T -- HL 22542/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL 26215/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 May 22;212(4497):935-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7233188" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Diastole ; In Vitro Techniques ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy/*methods ; Models, Structural ; *Myocardial Contraction ; Rats ; Sodium ; Systole
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  • 59
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1981-07-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Culliton, B J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jul 3;213(4503):117.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7244625" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Humans ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/*organization & administration ; *Neoplasms ; *Research ; United States
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  • 60
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1981-03-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉DE S Price, D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Mar 13;211(4487):1116.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17755133" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 61
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1981-08-28
    Description: When a porous ionic solid is placed in acid, the acid will dissolve surface material. When this dissolved material and the acid diffuse into the solid's pores, they can precipitate more solid. If the acid is buffered, the diffusing species can bring about precipitation in some regions and dissolution in others. When the porous solid contains several chemical species, the diffusion can precipitate one species and dissolve another. The results have implications for the demineralization of teeth.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cussler, E L -- Featherstone, J D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Aug 28;213(4511):1018-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17789035" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 62
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1981-05-15
    Description: Carbonized remains of Canavalia beans were recovered from archaeological deposits excavated at Real Alto (OGCh-12), southwestern Ecuador. The identification, context and dating of the earliest beans from Real Alto demonstrate their use from the beginning of Valdivia (about 3300 B.C.) and the Early Formative in coastal Ecuador.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Damp, J E -- Pearsall, D M -- Kaplan, L T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 May 15;212(4496):811-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17752277" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 63
    Publication Date: 1981-10-02
    Description: Lower Eocene flowers with Pistillipollenites macgregorii pollen represent the earliest megafossil evidence of the Gentianaceae. The Paleocene occurrence of P. macgregorii, the fossil's modern floral structure, and suggested trends in the evolution of pollen in the Gentianaceae indicate a considerably earlier origin for the family. Floral morphology typical of bee-pollinated flowers provides the earliest, albeit indirect, fossil evidence of bees.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Crepet, W L -- Daghlian, C P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Oct 2;214(4516):75-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17802576" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 64
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1981-05-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Crews, D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 May 15;212(4496):802-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17752271" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 65
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1981-05-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Daub, E E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 May 15;212(4496):783-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17752251" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 66
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1981-05-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dauben, J W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 May 15;212(4496):779-80.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17752247" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 67
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1981-09-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dausset, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Sep 25;213(4515):1469-74.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6792704" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Antigens, Surface/genetics ; Forecasting ; Genes ; Genes, MHC Class II ; Genetic Linkage ; HLA Antigens/genetics ; Humans ; Immune Tolerance ; Immunity, Cellular ; *Major Histocompatibility Complex ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Transplantation Immunology
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  • 68
    Publication Date: 1981-12-18
    Description: The combustion of wood and yak dung for heating and cooking in a populated Nepal Himalayan valley contributes significantly to the ambient airborne concentrations of lead, copper, aluminum, magnesium, and elemental and organic carbon. A comparison of the concentrations of these elements in fresh snow with corresponding values in air suggests that the pollution aerosol is confined to the valley, with pristine air aloft.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Davidson, C I -- Grimm, T C -- Nasta, M A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Dec 18;214(4527):1344-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17812260" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 69
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1981-09-11
    Description: Two closely related and coexisting plants (Chenopodiaceae) of the Australian arid zone are adapted for seed dispersal by ants. These facultatively perennial shrubs persist in saltbush communities largely as a result of highly directional dispersal to ant mounds, where conditions are favorable for establishment and growth. The two species grow predominantly on mounds and compete for dispersal to these favorable microhabitats.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Davidson, D W -- Morton, S R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Sep 11;213(4513):1259-61.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17744760" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 70
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1981-08-14
    Description: Producer gas engines could have an important role in the decentralized production of mechanical energy in rural areas of less-developed countries. With this technology mechanical energy is produced from solid fuels by use of internal combustion engines. A comparison with other renewable energy options, on the common basis of energy efficiency and economics, shows that producer gas engines may have significant advantages and deserve serious attention.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Datta, R -- Dutt, G S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Aug 14;213(4509):731-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17834567" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 71
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1981-02-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cheever, D S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Feb 13;211(4483):696-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17776646" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1981-01-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chen, C T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jan 16;211(4479):298.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17748030" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1981-05-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Christy, N P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 May 1;212(4494):494-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17737183" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1981-02-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Clark, R L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Feb 13;211(4483):695.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17776645" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1981-06-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Clark, C J -- Clark, J R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jun 26;212(4502):1446.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17790519" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1981-08-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cloninger, C R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Aug 21;213(4510):858-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17775267" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1981-11-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Colgan, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Nov 13;214(4522):744.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17744378" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 78
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1981-01-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Davis, K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jan 30;211(4481):439.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17816595" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 79
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1981-10-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dalziel, I W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Oct 9;214(4517):174.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17733996" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 80
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1981-02-20
    Description: The plume of the major eruption of Mount St. Helens on 18 May 1980 penetrated 10 to 11 kilometers into the stratosphere, attaining heights of 22 to 23 kilometers. Wind shears rapidly converted the plume from an expanding vertical cone to a thin, slightly inclined lamina. The lamina was extruded zonally in the stratosphere as the lower part moved eastward at jet stream velocities, while the upper part slowly moved westward in the region of nonsteady transition from the westerlies to the summer stratospheric easterlies. Trajectories computed to position the NASA U-2 aircraft for sampling in the plume are described. Plume volume after 8 hours of strong volcanic emission is estimated at 2 x 10(6) cubic kilometers. Only about 1 percent of this volume is attributed to the volcano; the rest was entrained from the environment.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Danielsen, E F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Feb 20;211(4484):819-21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17740389" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 81
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1981-11-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Datta, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Nov 20;214(4523):864.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17782427" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 82
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1981-08-07
    Description: The Strategic Petroleum Reserve is intended to reduce the vulnerability of the United States to interruptions in the oil supply from foreign sources. Storage for 248 million barrels of crude oil in salt caverns and mines, with equipment for pumping and distribution, was constructed and operationally tested in a 4-year period. Its present inventory is the largest known crude oil reserve in the world. Facilities for expanding the reserve's capacity by another 290 million barrels are being developed by solution-mining in salt domes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Davis, R M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Aug 7;213(4508):618-22.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17847458" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 83
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1981-07-10
    Description: The costal and crural parts of the diaphragm were separately stimulated in anesthetized dogs. Stimulation of the costal part increased the dimensions of the lower rib cage, whereas stimulation of the costal part decreased the dimensions of the lower rib cage. It is concluded that the diaphragm consists of two muscles that act differently on the rib cage.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉De Troyer, A -- Sampson, M -- Sigrist, S -- Macklem, P T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jul 10;213(4504):237-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7244632" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Abdomen ; Animals ; Diaphragm/*physiology ; Dogs ; Electric Stimulation ; Lung/physiology ; Muscle Contraction ; Muscle, Smooth/*physiology
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  • 84
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1981-10-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dedrick, R L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Oct 9;214(4517):207.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17734005" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 85
    Publication Date: 1981-09-25
    Description: Sarcomere shortening in striated muscle appears to follow a regionally synchronized staircase-like time course not anticipated in some cross-bridge models. The visualization method used has been criticized as subject to Bragg diffraction effects. Two independent optical methods were used to visualize a muscle during contraction; agreement between the stepwise behavior observed with the two methods suggests that the phenomenon is genuine.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Delay, M J -- Ishide, N -- Jacobson, R C -- Pollack, G H -- Tirosh, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Sep 25;213(4515):1523-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7280674" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Motion Pictures as Topic ; *Muscle Contraction ; Muscles/*ultrastructure ; Ranidae ; Time Factors
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  • 86
    Publication Date: 1981-07-31
    Description: Benzodiazepines inhibit Ca2+-calmodulin-stimulated membrane protein phosphorylation. The effects of the benzodiazepines on protein phosphorylation are stereospecific and produced by membrane-bound benzodiazepine. The potency of benzodiazepine kinase inhibition is correlated with the ability of the benzodiazepines to inhibit electric shock-induced convulsions. These findings provide evidence that some of the anticonvulsant and neuronal stabilizing effects of benzodiazepines may be modulated by the Ca2+-calmodulin protein kinase system and indicate that this calmodulin-kinase system represents an identifiable benzodiazepine receptor in brain that is distinquishable by several criteria from the previously described high affinity benzodiazepine receptor.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉DeLorenzo, R J -- Burdette, S -- Holderness, J -- NS 1352/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NSI-EA-1-K04-NS245/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jul 31;213(4507):546-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6264605" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Benzodiazepines/metabolism ; Brain/*enzymology ; Calcium/*pharmacology ; Calcium-Binding Proteins/*pharmacology ; Calmodulin/*pharmacology ; Cell Membrane/enzymology ; Chlordiazepoxide/*pharmacology ; Diazepam/*pharmacology ; Enzyme Activation ; Kinetics ; Molecular Weight ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Kinases/*metabolism ; Rats ; Receptors, Drug/metabolism ; Receptors, GABA-A
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  • 87
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1981-09-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Daniels, R A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Sep 11;213(4513):1281.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17744762" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 88
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1981-05-29
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dawes, R M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 May 29;212(4498):986.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17779953" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 89
    Publication Date: 1981-03-13
    Description: Averaged sensory-evoked potentials were recorded from the outer molecular layer of the dentate gyrus in naive rats and in rats conditioned to respond in the presence of an auditory stimulus. Two components (negative peaks) of the potentials were functionally distinguished in terms of responsiveness to unique or conditioned auditory stimuli. Each component was independently generated by a separate input pathway to the dentate gyrus: The perforant path provided an "insignificance" or "unexpected" feature of the sensory stimulus when appropriate, and the septum controlled the development of a second component as a function of the behavioral significance of the stimulus during the acquisition of auditory discrimination behavior. A reciprocal relationship between the peak amplitudes of both components of the average evoked potentials dependent on the relative behavioral significance of the sensory stimulus was observed in all animals during extinction and reconditioning of the sensory discrimination task. The findings indicate that the entorhinal and septal projections to the dentate granule cells are activated differentially by sensory stimuli as a function of their acquired behavioral significance to the animal.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Deadwyler, S A -- West, M O -- Robinson, J H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Mar 13;211(4487):1181-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7466392" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Auditory Perception/physiology ; Discrimination Learning/*physiology ; Evoked Potentials ; Hippocampus/cytology/*physiology ; Male ; Neural Pathways/physiology ; Rats ; Septal Nuclei/cytology/*physiology
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  • 90
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1981-10-23
    Description: A rapid laser scanning system was developed to map the spread of excitation in amphibian and mammalian hearts stained with fluorescent dye. Isochronic maps of conduction were constructed by timing the upstroke of the optical action potential; 128 sites could be scanned in 4 milliseconds. The accuracy of this technique was verified by recording simultaneously from 16 unipolar electrodes placed in different areas of the heart. Conducted action potentials in normal frog heart propagated at 0.1 meter per second. Propagation of action potentials was also monitored in ischemic cat heart, in which both driven and arrhythmic action potential upstrokes could be tracked. The results suggest that this system is capable of scanning the normal and abnormal spread of electrical activity in the heart.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dillon, S -- Morad, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Oct 23;214(4519):453-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6974891" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Action Potentials ; Animals ; *Benzenesulfonates ; Cats ; Coronary Disease/physiopathology ; Fluorescent Dyes ; Guinea Pigs ; Heart/*physiology ; *Lasers ; Rabbits ; Rana catesbeiana ; Spectrometry, Fluorescence/methods
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  • 91
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1981-10-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Devoe, R D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Oct 23;214(4519):433.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17730241" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 92
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1981-07-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dobson, R L -- Straume, T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jul 3;213(4503):8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17741161" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 93
    Publication Date: 1981-01-09
    Description: Adult rats fed high concentrations of dietary protein for 9 weeks gained more weight than rats fed isoenergetic diets containing less protein. There were no significant differences in tail and body lengths among several groups of rats on diets containing different amounts of protein; however, total body fat was significantly greater in the rats fed on diets containing 25 percent protein compared to the rats fed 5 percent protein diets. These findings suggest that the role of dietary protein in obesity and other conditions deserves further scrutiny.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Donald, P -- Pitts, C C -- Pohl, S L -- AM05955/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- AM22125/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jan 9;211(4478):185-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7444462" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aging ; Animals ; Animals, Laboratory ; *Body Composition ; *Body Weight ; Dietary Proteins/*metabolism ; Energy Intake ; Obesity/metabolism ; Rats
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  • 94
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1981-10-09
    Description: The systemic comparison of every newly determined amino acid sequence with all other known sequences may allow a complete reconstruction of the evolutionary events leading to contemporary proteins. But sometimes the surviving similarities are so vague that even computer-based sequence comparisons procedures are unable to validate relationships. In other cases similar sequences may appear in totally alien proteins as a result of mere chance or, occasionally, by the convergent evolution of sequences with special properties.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Doolittle, R F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Oct 9;214(4517):149-59.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7280687" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Carrier Proteins/genetics ; Humans ; Proteins/classification/*genetics ; RNA Splicing ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; Species Specificity
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  • 95
    Publication Date: 1981-08-21
    Description: A new technique has been developed for identifying, in humans, dynamic spatiotemporal electrical patterns of the brain during purposive behaviors. In this method, single-trial time-series correlations between brain macropotentials recorded from different scalp sites are analyzed by distribution-independent mathematical pattern recognition. Dynamic patterns of correlation clearly distinguished two brief visuomotor tasks differing only in type of mental judgement required (spatial or numeric). These complex patterns shifted in the anterior-posterior and left-right axes between successive 175-millisecond intervals, indicating that many areas in both cerebral hemispheres were involved even in these simple judgements. These patterns were not obtainable by conventional analysis of averaged evoked potentials or by linear analysis of correlations, suggesting that the new technique will advance the study of human brain activity related to cognition and goal-directed behaviors.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gevins, A S -- Doyle, J C -- Cutillo, B A -- Schaffer, R E -- Tannehill, R S -- Ghannam, J H -- Gilcrease, V A -- Yeager, C L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Aug 21;213(4510):918-22.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7256287" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Brain/*physiology ; *Cognition ; Electroencephalography ; *Evoked Potentials ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Pattern Recognition, Visual/physiology
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  • 96
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1981-05-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gartner, S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 May 1;212(4494):577-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17737213" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 97
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1981-11-13
    Description: Long-term implants releasing a small quantity of melatonin (45 nanograms per day) were used to determine the brain sites of the hormone's antigonadal action in a photoperiodic species, the white-footed mouse (Peromyscus leucopus). Implants in the medial preoptic and supra- and retrochiasmatic areas elicited completed gonadal regression after 7 weeks. Implants in other brain regions had little effect on the animals' reproductive state.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Glass, J D -- Lynch, G R -- NS-15503/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Nov 13;214(4522):821-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7292016" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Female ; Genitalia, Female/drug effects/*pathology ; Hypothalamus/*drug effects ; Light ; Melatonin/*pharmacology ; Mice ; Periodicity ; Preoptic Area/drug effects ; Supraoptic Nucleus/drug effects
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  • 98
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1981-06-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Easter, S S Jr -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jun 19;212(4501):1337.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17746240" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 99
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1981-03-20
    Description: Gender identity depends largely on postnatal environmental influences, while sex-dimorphic behavior and temperamental sex differences appear to be modified by prenatal sex hormones. A role of the prenatal endocrine milieu in the development of erotic partner preference, as in hetero-, homo-, or bisexual orientation, or of cognitive sex differences has not been conclusively demonstrated.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ehrhardt, A A -- Meyer-Bahlburg, H F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Mar 20;211(4488):1312-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7209510" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital/metabolism/psychology ; Adult ; Androgens/pharmacology ; Behavior/drug effects ; Child ; Cognition/drug effects ; Embryo, Mammalian/drug effects ; Estrogens/pharmacology ; Female ; *Gender Identity ; Gonadal Steroid Hormones/*pharmacology ; Humans ; *Identification (Psychology) ; Male ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications/drug therapy ; Progestins/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Sexual Behavior/*drug effects
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  • 100
    Publication Date: 1981-10-30
    Description: Squirrel monkeys pressed a level at high rates under a second-order schedule of reinforcement in which level pressing produced a brief visual stimulus that was occasionally contiguous with an intravenous injection of nicotine. The rate of lever pressing could be markedly reduced either by substituting saline for nicotine injections or by blocking the effects of nicotine with mecamylamine. The rate of level pressing could be reduced by eliminating the brief visual stimulus. These results show that nicotine can function as an effective reinforcer under a second-order schedule of drug self-administration and that an environmental stimulus associated with nicotine intake can contribute to the maintenance of persistent drug-seeking behavior.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Goldberg, S R -- Spealman, R D -- Goldberg, D M -- DA00499/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- DA02658/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- MH07658/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Oct 30;214(4520):573-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7291998" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Behavior, Animal/drug effects ; Humans ; Injections, Intravenous ; Nicotine/administration & dosage/*pharmacology ; Reinforcement (Psychology)/drug effects ; Saimiri ; Self Administration
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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