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  • Artikel  (19.778)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science  (19.626)
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd  (152)
  • 1995-1999  (19.778)
  • Informatik  (19.778)
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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    COMPUTATION OF BEST BOUNDS OF PROBABILITIES FROM UNCERTAIN DATA (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Computational intelligence 12 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8640
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: An uncertainty reasoning method is presented in this article. The method can be used to compute from a given set of conditional probabilities the best lower bounds and the best upper bounds of those conditional probabilities that are not explicitly provided. The computation of the best upper(lower) bound of such a conditional probability relies on solution of a linear programming problem. Some reduction techniques are proposed in this article to improve the efficiency of our uncertainty reasoning method. As illustrated in Section 4.3, for many uncertainty reasoning problems in medical diagnosis, by using our reduction techniques, the best range of a conditional probability, which is specified by a lower bound and an upper bound, can be computed in polynomial time in terms of the number of basic events involved in the reasoning.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8640.1996.tb00276.x
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    CONSTRAINED RESOLUTION AND ABDUCTTVE TEMPORAL REASONING (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Computational intelligence 12 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8640
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: This article presents our work on the effective implementation of abduction in temporal reasoning. This works builds on some results, both in the logic programming field and in the automated reasoning area. We have defined and implemented an abductive procedure, which is well adapted for temporal reasoning because it is based on a constrained resolution principle. Constrained resolution has two advantages for temporal reasoning: First, it allows us to deal efficiently with temporal ordering and equality predicates, which are otherwise too much trouble with classical resolution; second, it allows a restricted form of abduction where hypotheses are limited to ordering relationships. From the logic programming area, our work uses results and procedures developed by others in the abductive logic programming field. The procedure we define and implement in this work is relatively independent of the temporal formalism: It has been used with some reified temporal logics and with the event calculus. More generally it can be used on any point-based temporal formalism, provided that a correct and complete algorithm is available for checking the consistency of a set of temporal ordering relationships in this language.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8640.1996.tb00268.x
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    LEARNING MONOTONIC-CONCAVE INTERVAL CONCEPTS USING THE BACK-PROPAGATION NEURAL NETWORKS (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Computational intelligence 12 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8640
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Monotonicity and concavity play important roles in human cognition, reasoning, and decision making. This paper shows that neural networks can learn monotonic-concave interval concepts based on real-world data, Traditionally, the training of neural networks has been based only on raw data. In cases where the training samples carry statistical fluctuations, the products of the training have often suffered. This paper suggests that global knowledge about monotonicity and concavity of a problem domain can be incorporated in neural network training. This paper proposes a learning scheme for the back-propagation layered neural networks in learning monotonic-concave interval concepts and provides an example to show its application.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8640.1996.tb00262.x
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    ON THE IMPLEMENTATION AND EVALUATION OF AbTweak (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Computational intelligence 12 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8640
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: In this paper, we describe the implementation and evaluation of the AbTweak planning system, a test bed for studying and teaching concepts in partial-order planning, abstraction, and search control. We start by extending the hierarchical, precondition-elimination abstraction of ABSTRIPS to partial-order-based, least-commitment planners such as Tweak. The resulting system, AbTweak, illustrates the advantages of using abstraction to improve the efficiency of search. We show that by protecting a subset of abstract conditions achieved so far, and by imposing a bias on search toward deeper levels in a hierarchy, planning efficiency can be greatly improved. Finally, we relate AbTweak to other planning systems SNLP, ALPINE, and SIPE by exploring their similarities and differences.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8640.1996.tb00264.x
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    SOLVING NINE MEN'S MORRIS (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Computational intelligence 12 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8640
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: The game of Nine Men's Morris is a draw. We obtained this result using a combination of endgame databases (1010 states) and search. Our improved algorithm for computing endgame databases allowed the game to be solved on a personal computer. Other games have been solved using knowledge-based methods to dramatically prune the search tree. Nine Men's Morris does not seem to profit from such methods, making it the first nontrivial game solved in which almost the entire state space has to be considered.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8640.1996.tb00251.x
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    LEARNING PLAYING STRATEGIES IN CHESS (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Computational intelligence 12 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8640
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: It is believed that chess masters use pattern-based knowledge to analyze a position, followed by a pattern-based controlled search to verify or correct the analysis. This paper describes a first-order system called PAL that can learn patterns in the form of Horn clauses from simple example descriptions and general purpose knowledge. It is shown how PAL can leam chess patterns that are beyond the learning capabilities of current inductive systems. The patterns learned by PAL can be used for analysis of positions and for the construction of playing strategies. By taking the learned patterns as attributes for describing examples, a set of rules which decide whether a Pawn can safely be promoted without moving the King in a King and Pawn vs King endgame, is automatically constructed with a similarity-based learning algorithm. Similarly, a playing strategy for the King and Rook vs King endgame is automatically constructed with a simple learning algorithm by following traces of games and using the patterns learned by PAL. Limitations of first-order systems, PAL imparticularly, are exposed in domains where a large number of background definitions may be required for induction. Conclusions and future research directions are given.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8640.1996.tb00253.x
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    PERFECT RECALL AND PRUNING IN GAMES WITH IMPERFECT INFORMATION (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Computational intelligence 12 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8640
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Games with imperfect information are an interesting and important class of games. They include most card games (e.g., bridge and poker) as well as many economic and political models. Here we investigate algorithms for findi ng the simplest form of a solution (a pure-strategy equilibrium point) to imperfect information games expressed in their extensive (game tree) form. We introduce to the artificial intelligence community a classic algorithm, due to Wilson, that solves one-player games with perfect recall. Wilson's algorithm, which we call iMP-minimax, runs in time linear in the size of the game-tree searched. In contrast to Wilson's result, Koller and Meggido have shown that finding a pure-strategy equilibrium point in one-player games without perfect recall is NP-hard. Here, we provide another contrast to Wilson's result–we show that in games with perfect recall but more than one player, finding a pure-strategy equilibrium point, given that such an equilibrium point exists, is NP-hard.Our second contribution is to present a pruning technique for Wilson's IMP-minimax algorithm to make the latter more tractable. We call this new algorithm IMP-alpha-beta. We provide a theoretical framework (model) and analyze IMP-alpha-beta in that model. IMP-alpha-beta is of direct value for one-player, perfect-recall games. It also has strong potential for other imperfect information games, as it is a natural (but as yet untested) heuristic in those cases.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8640.1996.tb00256.x
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    GO-MOKU SOLVED BY NEW SEARCH TECHNIQUES (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Computational intelligence 12 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8640
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Many decades ago, Japanese professional Go-Moku players stated that Go-Moku (five-in-a-row on a horizontally placed 15×15 board) is a won game for the player to move first. So far, this claim has never been substantiated by (a tree of) variations or by a computer program. Meanwhile, many variants of Go-Moku with slightly different rules have been developed. This paper shows that for two common variants, the game-theoretical value has been established.Moreover, the Go-Moku program Victoria is described. It uses two new search techniques: threat-space search and proof-number search. One of the results is that Victoria is bound to win against any (optimal) counterplay if it moves first. Furthermore, it achieves good results as a defender against nonoptimally playing opponents. In this contribution we focus on threat-space search and its advantages compared to conventional search algorithms.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8640.1996.tb00250.x
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    LEARNING OF RESOURCE ALLOCATION STRATEGIES FOR GAME PLAYING (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Computational intelligence 12 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8640
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Human chess players exhibit a large variation in the amount of time they allocate for each move. Yet, the problem of devising resource allocation strategies for game playing has not received enough attention. In this paper we present a framework for studying resource allocation strategies. We define allocation strategy and identify three major types of strategies: static, semi-dynamic, and dynamic. We then describe a method for learning semi-dynamic strategies from self-generated examples. We present an algorithm for assigning classes to the examples based on the utility of investing extra resources. The method was implemented in the domain of checkers, and experimental results show that it is able to learn strategies that improve game-playing performance.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8640.1996.tb00254.x
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    GENERAL GAME-PLAYING AND REINFORCEMENT LEARNING (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Computational intelligence 12 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8640
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: This paper provides a blueprint for the development of a fully domain-independent single-agent and multiagent heuristic search system. It gives a graph-theoretic representation of search problems based on conceptual graphs and outlines two different learning systems. One, an “informed learner”, makes use of the graph-theoretic definition of a search problem or game in playing and adapting to a game in the given environment. The other, a “blind learner”, is not given access to the rules of a domain but must discover and then exploit the underlying mathematical structure of a given domain. Relevant work of others is referenced within the context of the blueprint.To illustrate further how one might go about creating general game-playing agents, we show how we can generalize the understanding obtained with the Morph chess system to all games involving the interactions of abstract mathematical relations. A monitor for such domains has been developed, along with an implementation of a blind and informed learning system known as Morphll. Performance results with MorphK are preliminary but encouraging and provide a few more data points with which to understand and evaluate the blueprint.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8640.1996.tb00257.x
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  • 11
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    PLANNING TO FIND THE REFERENTS OF NOUN PHRASES (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Computational intelligence 11 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8640
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Finding the referent of a definite noun phrase is a classic problem in natural language processing. Most work assumes that when a program begins to analyze an utterance, it already has the knowledge it needs for identifying referents. If a robot accepts commands in natural language, this assumption may not hold. Suppose a user says, “Go get the book on the table in room 3,” but the robot has never been in room 3, so it lacks the knowledge it needs to identify the referent of “the book on the table in room 3.” To gain this knowledge, the robot must travel to room 3 and search. This article describes a simulated robot that accepts commands in English and actively searches for the referents of definite descriptions.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8640.1995.tb00051.x
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  • 12
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A NEW METHOD FOR INFLUENCE DIAGRAM EVALUATION (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Computational intelligence 11 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8640
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: As influence diagrams become a popular representational tool for decision analysis, influence diagram evaluation attracts more and more research interests. In this article, we present a new, two-phase method for influence diagram evaluation. In our method, an influence diagram is first mapped onto a decision graph and then the analysis is carried out by evaluating the decision graph. Our method is more efficient than Howard and Matheson's because, among other reasons, our method generates a much smaller decision graph for the same influence diagram. Like those most recent algorithms reported in the literature, our method also provides a clean interface between influence diagram evaluation and Bayesian net evaluation. Consequently, various well-established algorithms for Bayesian net evaluation can be used in influence diagram evaluation. Furthermore, our method has a few unique merits. First, it takes advantage of asymmetry in influence diagrams to avoid unnecessary computation. Second, by using heuristic search techniques, it provides an explicit mechanism for using heuristic information that may be available in a domain-specific form. These additional merits make our method more efficient than the current algorithms in general. Finally, by using decision graphs as an intermediate representation, the value of perfect information can be computed in a more efficient way.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8640.1995.tb00046.x
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  • 13
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A LOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION FOR TRUTH MAINTENANCE SYSTEMS WITH DEPENDENCY-DIRECTED BACKTRACKING (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Computational intelligence 11 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8640
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: In this paper we present various logical characterizations of justification-based (nonmonotonic) truth maintenance systems (JTMS). These characterizations, which are proved to be equivalent, aim at describing dependency-directed backtracking (DDB) (i.e., the process of resolving conflicts which can arise when nogoods are allowed in the set of justifications), mainly relying on the intuitive idea that a contrapositrve use of justifications is needed to resolve inconsistencies. The idea is first formalized by means of the notion of three-valued labeling and then through a transformation which explicitly adds all contrapositives of the justifications. An abductive characterization of the JTMS is provided through a further transformation which converts a set of nonmonotonic justifications to a corresponding abduction framework. This approach provides a unifying framework, based on the notion of abduction, for describing both JTMSs and assumption-based TMSs (ATMSs).
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8640.1995.tb00022.x
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  • 14
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    DESIGNING AND BUILDING A NEGOTIATING AUTOMATED AGENT (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Computational intelligence 11 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8640
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Negotiations are very important in a multiagenl environment, particularly, in an environment where there are conflicts between the agents, and cooperation would be beneficial. We have developed a general structure for a Negotiating Automated Agent that consists of five modules: a Prime Minister, a Ministry of Defense, a Foreign Office, a Headquarters and Intelligence. These modules are implemented using a dynamic set of local agents belonging to the different modules. We used this structure to develop a Diplomacy player. Diplomat. Playing Diplomacy involves a certain amount of technical skills as in other board games, but the capacity to negotiate, explain, convince, promise, keep promises or break them, is an essential ingredient in good play. Diplomat was evaluated and consistently played better than human players.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8640.1995.tb00026.x
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  • 15
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    ISTAR — a tool for creative design of knowledge bases (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 13 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: This paper gives a comprehensive explanation of the Istar knowledge representation software tool. Not only does it describe the features and facilities found in Istar, but it discusses why they are as they are.Istar is one of a new generation of knowledge representation tools, aimed at ill-structured domains of knowledge. While it can be used in traditional KBS projects, in which pieces of knowledge from a domain expert are assembled to form a working knowledge base, it is designed for situations in which there is a large element of creative design: knowledge refinement and generation resulting from the knowledge representation process.The knowledge representation ‘language’ is purely graphical; the knowledge engineer ‘draws’ knowledge on an easel as a box and arrows diagram. Behind this diagram is the knowledge base itself, in the form of integrated inference nets, Bayesian nets and semantic nets. This paper discusses the reasons for these design choices and, briefly, some of the issues faced in development of Istar.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1996.tb00124.x
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  • 16
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Book Reviews (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 13 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Open Distributed Systems Jon Crowcrofi
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1996.tb00128.x
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  • 17
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Increased domain security through application of local security and monitoring (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 13 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: This paper presents a model for increasing security within a security domain through the use of localised security services and continuous monitoring. The model divides security services between three logical structures Local Security Units, Local Security Servers and Domain Management Centres. The localisation of security allows the functional divisions within organisations to implement modified security dependent upon their individual needs.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1996.tb00126.x
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  • 18
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    An interactive fault diagnosis expert system for a helpdesk application (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 13 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Abstract: This paper presents work on an interactive fault diagnosis expert system for a helpdesk application. A knowledge representation and inference algorithm is proposed to satisfy three design specifications: (1) no parallel event exists in human fault reporting; (2) the diagnostic sequence is unpredictable, and (3) the inference engine is passive in an event-driven environment. A lattice data structure is designed for knowledge representation, which is generated automatically from a script of decision rules. The inference engine works in a transaction-like style by prompting and responding to the user according to the knowledge in the lattice. It can explicitly guide the inference sequence, as well as respond to ad hoc input from the user.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1996.tb00120.x
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  • 19
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A generic, object-oriented case-knowledge representation scheme, and its integration into a wider information management scenario (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 13 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Abstract: A knowledge base management system (KBMS) realises a combination of techniques found in database management systems and knowledge-based systems. At the data model and knowledge representation level, many systems of this kind constitute a marriage of the relational data model and the rule-based reasoning. Experience has shown that either approach is restricted in the way it can express the demanding information and knowledge structures required for applications like decision support systems. Two new technologies offer an exciting new integrated approach to knowledge management. Object-oriented database management systems (OODBMS) provide an object model that supports powerful abstraction mechanisms to facilitate the modelling of highly structured information. Whereas case-based reasoning (CBR) systems are knowledge bases which organise their capabilities around a memory of past cases and the notion of similarity. Both types of system are built upon two fundamental concepts: 1) the retrieval of entities with potentially complex structure, called objects in the former, and cases in the latter type of system; 2) the organisation of those entities in collections with common characteristics. In an OODBMS such collections are termed extents, and in CBR they are usually called categories. In either system, the conceptual meta notion to represent both, objects as well as extents, and cases as well as categories, is the class.Revolving around a Conceptual Case Class and extending a standard object model, this paper proposes a novel and general approach to represent case-knowledge and to build KBMSs. The work presented here is a spin-off of the design of an object query language within the ESPRIT project Lynx.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1996.tb00121.x
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  • 20
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Expert system technology in organisational process domain modelling (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 13 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Abstract: Organisational processes are repetitive, time-consuming and interdependent, requiring several members to interact for successful completion. Moreover, when organisations change their operating procedures it becomes difficult to carry out even routine tasks because of the confusion and lack of communication. By studying the organisational processes and the knowledge required to execute them, we can create generic process models that could be stored persistently in a repository. This process repository can serve as a corporate knowledge base, which could be accessed by intelligent computer assistants for automating organisational processes. This paper presents a framework of intelligent assistants that can emulate the behaviour of human agents in organisational problem-solving. The generic process models can also be customised to meet the changing needs of the organisation. We present a domain modelling approach to organisational process modelling and an expert system for customising process models. The paper also describes the architecture and design of the proof-of-concept prototype that supports organisational process modelling, as well as process execution through intelligent computer assistants.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1996.tb00280.x
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  • 21
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A comparison of knowledge elicitation methods (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 13 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: This paper describes a computer based approach to comparing data obtained for Knowledge Based Systems via established but very varied knowledge elicitation (KE) techniques. It describes not only the detailed comparison of different KE methods (in this case ‘scaling’ and ‘non-scaling’) but also investigates the use of ‘demonstration’ or ‘evaluation’ systems, as a variation on the more established rapid prototyping approaches to the elicitation and evaluation of knowledge for KBS construction, in this case by focusing upon the quality and relevance of the elicited knowledge from the perspective of the expert himself. Preliminary results from the study reported here suggest that non-scaling methods produce a greater amount of raw data than scaling methods, and that this data is less likely to require correction or modification for inclusion within a Knowledge Based System. However, the results also indicate that non-scaling derived data is more likely than scaling derived data data to be rejected outright.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1996.tb00125.x
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  • 22
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Applications of artificial neural networks to the nonlinear combination of forecasts (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 13 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Abstract: This paper proposes artificial neural networks (ANN) as a tool for nonlinear combination of forecasts. In this study, three forecasting models are used for individual forecasts, and then two linear combining methods are used to compare with the ANN combining method. The comparative experiment using real-world data shows that the prediction by the ANN method outperforms those by linear combining methods. The paper suggests that the ANN method can be used as an alternative to conventional linear combining methods to achieve greater forecasting accuracy.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1996.tb00119.x
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  • 23
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Process factors in knowledge acquisition (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 13 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Abstract: Knowledge acquisition (KA) is often characterised as a crucial bottleneck in the development of expert system applications. General definitions of KA view it as a collection of subprocesses such as elicitation, analysis and representation, but in actual practice, each KA occurrence may involve one or all of these subprocesses in varying sequences and combinations. No model or framework currently exists for describing the many possible variations in KA processes as they actually occur. This article presents a new way of characterising knowledge acquisition processes that is not tied to one particular technique or approach to KA. Three nested levels are proposed to characterise the many possible variations and combinations of KA dynamics: the process, episode and transaction levels of analysis. Each of these is further delineated in a top-down manner. Not only does this scheme provide a fairly comprehensive means for viewing KA dynamics as a whole, but it suggests several factors that have heretofore drawn little research attention. The suggested constructs capture more accurately what actually occurs in the practice of KA. In so doing they also provide the foundation for structuring future research into how KA processes may unfold.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1996.tb00283.x
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  • 24
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Citation-based journal rankings for expert system research (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 12 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Abstract: Research into the development and impacts of expert systems has accumulated to a point where it may be said to constitute a distinct field of study. As such, the evolution, organisation and dissemination of expert system research are themselves topics for investigation. Here we focus on the dissemination aspect, providing objective rankings of journals that have had the greatest impacts on recent expert system research. Our study examines the citation patterns of all research published in five expert systems journals during the past five years. Over 14 000 citations to more than 800 journals are analysed under two kinds of ranking schemes. These are based on cumulative citation counts and normalised citation counts. The latter adjusts for the number of years a journal article has been available to be cited. The reported rankings will be of interest to all who want to know where scientific developments that influence expert system research are reported: those who conduct, support, evaluate and study expert system research.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1995.tb00268.x
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  • 25
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The resurgence of the AI field: IJCAI‘95, Montreal, 20–25 August 1995 (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 12 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1995.tb00274.x
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  • 26
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A framework for the generation of project-specific quality control for knowledge-based system development (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 13 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: : This paper describes a framework for the generation of quality control procedures for knowledge-based system (KBS) projects. KBS projects have their own brand of technical difficulties. These are discussed, and the mismatch between KBS projects and traditional software quality assurance (SQA) approaches is described. An iterative approach to quality is suggested based upon Boehm's Spiral Model of project management. The principles of this approach are described followed by a description of the elements of the framework under development, including inputs, outputs and internal functionality. The operation of the framework is then demonstrated in relation to the Spiral Model. Application of the framework to KBS development project issues is then discussed in relation to current guidelines for KBS quality assurance.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1996.tb00282.x
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  • 27
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    News (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 13 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1996.tb00285.x
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  • 28
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A knowledge-based approach for task allocation in heterogeneous distributed computer systems (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 12 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Abstract: This paper presents a knowledge-based system for task allocation in a network of processors. Since the problem is NP-complete, optimisation techniques are computationally prohibitive and impractical. Our approach reduces computational burden by using (1) a two-level hierarchical scheduling model to alleviate the problem complexity, and (2) a search strategy that uses knowledge from the knowledge base to limit the search space to a manageable size. The major goal of our approach is to generate good but not necessarily optimal solutions quickly. The system is implemented on a Sun SPARCstation 1 + using Common Lisp. Our computational experience in using this system for task allocation indicates that the two-level hierarchical approach generates better schedules in shorter computational time than a non-hierarchical approach.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1995.tb00267.x
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  • 29
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Virtual reality tools (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 12 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1995.tb00057.x
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  • 30
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Tools (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 12 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1995.tb00058.x
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  • 31
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Knowledge acquisition and adaptation: a genetic approach (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 12 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Abstract: A genetic algorithm-based (GA-based) system (GAPOLE) is used to evolve a self-learning, self-optimising control strategy for a typical inherently unstable, dynamic system—a simulated pole-cart system. The dynamics of the system are unknown to GAPOLE. The only information for evaluating performance is a signal indicating that the pole-cart system is out of control. This presents a genuinely difficult credit assignment problem. We present some evidence which shows that GAPOLE compares well with the best alternative methods, but it is noteworthy that it is most robust. It is argued that maintaining a population of partial solutions offers some advantages: GA-based algorithms can deliver more than one good solution at a time; they are able to adapt better in complex changing conditions. Results characterising the performance of the method as population size is varied are also presented. The results show that GAPOLE performed best with a population size of 300. Therefore it is suggested that this parameter, like other GA parameters, may have to be tailored to a particular application. This appears to contradict an earlier claim that a population size in the range of 60–110 is optimal for genetic algorithm-based applications (Grefenstette 1986) across domains.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1995.tb00021.x
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  • 32
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Best Practice Guidelines for neural computing (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 12 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1995.tb00026.x
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  • 33
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Curtain call for the disabled (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 12 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1995.tb00028.x
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  • 34
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Neural networks (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 12 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1995.tb00031.x
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  • 35
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Languages (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 12 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1995.tb00036.x
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  • 36
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Object-oriented technology (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 12 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1995.tb00039.x
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  • 37
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Applying KADS to KADS: knowledge-based guidance for knowledge engineering (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 12 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Abstract: The KADS methodology (Schreiber et al. 1993; Tansley & Hayball 1993) and its successor, CommonKADS (Wielinga et al. 1992) have proved to be very useful approaches for modelling the various transformations involved between eliciting knowledge from an expert and encoding this knowledge in a computer program. These transformations are represented in a series of models. While it is widely agreed that these methods are excellent approaches from a theoretical viewpoint, the documentation provided concentrates on defining what models should be produced, with only general guidance on how the models should be produced. This has the advantage of making KADS and CommonKADS widely applicable, but it also means that considerable training and experience is required to become proficient in them. This paper reviews three projects that investigated the feasibility of producing specific guidance for certain decisions which are required when using KADS or CommonKADS to develop a knowledge-based system. Guidance was produced for the identification of the generic task addressed by a knowledge-based system; for the selection of appropriate AI techniques for implementing the analysed knowledge; and for selecting a suitable tool for implementing the system. Each set of guidance was encoded in its own knowledge-based system, which was itself developed with the assistance of KADS or CommonKADS. These projects therefore both studied and applied KADS and CommonKADS in order to produce knowledge-based guidance for knowledge engineers. The projects showed that it was feasible to produce heuristic guidance which could be understood, applied and occasionally overridden by knowledge engineers. The guidance provides reasonably experienced knowledge engineers with a framework for making the key decisions required by CommonKADS, in the same way that CommonKADS provides knowledge engineers with a framework for representing knowledge. The projects also produced some new insights about CommonKADS domain modelling and about the process of task identification.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1995.tb00022.x
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  • 38
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Applications (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 12 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1995.tb00029.x
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  • 39
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Intelligent agents (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 12 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1995.tb00032.x
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  • 40
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Tools (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 12 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1995.tb00035.x
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  • 41
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Hardware (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 12 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1995.tb00038.x
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  • 42
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Company news (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 12 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1995.tb00041.x
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  • 43
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Conferences, courses, seminars (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 12 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1995.tb00042.x
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  • 44
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    An object-oriented system for ergonomic risk assessment (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 12 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Abstract: During the last decade, cumulative trauma disorders have become a major concern both to occupational health and safety professionals and manufacturing industries. This paper will present the development of a knowledge-based system for predicting the potential of developing strain injuries among employees exposed to repetitive and forceful activities. This potential is identified through the use of an expert system incorporating a fuzzy set algorithm. Recommendations for the prevention of the resulting CTDs are then provided by the system. The system executes on a microcomputer platform, and was constructed utilising a commercial object-oriented expert system shell.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1995.tb00047.x
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  • 45
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Strategies defined for the development of applications using Multilayer Perceptrons: A survey (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 13 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Abstract: The success in developing an application employing the Multilayer perceptron (MLP) as knowledge representation form is very dependent on the degree of complexity that the structure of the application's domain has. Different mathematical and/or statistical techniques have been developed to subtract the maximum amount of information of this type from an available sample of the operating space associated to the task of interest. In the context of MLP it has been used to decide on the form the different intervening parameters of the network and/or related learning algorithm (LA) should have. This paper provides an overview of the processes that have been defined to generate network applications using the MLP model, giving particular attention to those based on the dynamic creation of a network's architecture through the application of different techniques for subtracting information about the operating domain in which the training set is subsumed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1996.tb00185.x
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  • 46
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    INVEX: Investment Advisory Expert System (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 13 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Abstract: Capital investment is a very important business decision, because it is largely irreversible and usually long-term. We believe that the use of expert systems as a decision aid for interactive investment decision-making offers several advantages to an unassisted human decision-maker, or even to the human/conventional-DSS combination. For example, the expert system could capture valuable information about so called ‘hard data’, and about the attitude towards some drastic changes in the environment, that are not easy to include in any quantitative method. However, if one expert can play a very important role in the decision-making process, perhaps different experts can be even more valuable, bringing different approaches and somewhat different sets of information to a decision-making situation. Our multiparadigm blackboard framework, called BEST (Blackboard-based Expert Systems Toolkit), allows its user to combine knowledge coming from different experts, and to use different methods/paradigms to capture that knowledge, according to the type of partial problem at hand where each knowledge source is a single paradigm program. In investment decision-making, judgmental investment ranking and selection from expert economists, embedded in a rule-based knowledge source, might be combined with decisions from operational research methods (embedded in a knowledge source that fully respects multicriteria optimization paradigm) and from risk analysis method (embedded in a conventional, procedural knowledge source). When the decisions being combined come from different types of knowledge sources, redundancy is likely to be reduced and the combined decision is likely to be more objective.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1996.tb00183.x
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  • 47
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    News (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 13 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1996.tb00188.x
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  • 48
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    An expert system for unit commitment and power demand prediction using fuzzy logic and neural networks (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 13 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Abstract: The paper discusses the implementation of a fuzzy logic and artificial neural networks approach to providing a structural framework for the representation, manipulation and utilisation of data and information concerning prediction of power demand and generation commitments. An algorithm has been implemented and trained to predict the power demand at each load point on an hourly basis. The neural network is then implemented to supply the brute force necessary to accommodate the large amount of sensory data to provide the initial evaluation of the generation units to be committed. Results of the fuzzy model show a reasonable correspondence with the actual power demand. A standard deviation error for an hourly based prediction is limited to 4.4. Further refinement of the fuzzy model may produce further improvements. Implementation of artificial neural networks for scheduling an hourly unit commitment based on load demands is also discussed The backpropagation technique based on the I/O mapping method has been chosen for structuring the neural network. Geographically related load points and generating units are clustered into groups. Grouping has significantly reduced the number of inputs and outputs to the neural network and, hence, reduced the system complexity. As a result, both training requirements and running real time interaction are significantly improved. The expert system would replace and utilise the requirement for skilled dispatchers in scheduling the generators. It is anticipated that this facility is more accurate, dynamic, adaptive and more efficient than a skilled dispatcher. The overall cost of power generation is expected to be less if the new facility is used. Initial results have reflected a satisfactory correlation between predicted and actual results, with a standard deviation error of 1.71% and 1.96% in the base load units of HTPS and ATPS respectively.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1996.tb00281.x
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  • 49
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Toward an intelligent architectural design aid (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 12 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Abstract: Architectural design is a complex task which requires expert knowledge, a great deal of experience and no small amount of creativity and artistic flair. However, while humans are very good at creativity, intuition, artistry and evaluation, they are notoriously bad at routine mundane tasks. Searching through large databases of past designs can be such a task. This can result in useful design knowledge being ignored. In this paper we present a way to aid architects in their work by providing a software tool aimed at recording, retrieving and evaluating architectural designs.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1995.tb00110.x
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  • 50
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A bibliography of neural network business applications research: 1988–September 1994 (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 12 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Abstract: The purpose of this research is to present a comprehensive bibliography of neural network application research in business. One hundred and twenty-seven neural network application papers and reports are identified through exhaustive literature searches. A classification of these articles by application area reveals that neural networks are being used for a diverse range of corporate functional activities, particularly in the areas of production/operations and finance. Information on the neural network development language/tool, the learning paradigm and the computer operating environment as reported in each article is included. Those journals which have published the most neural network business applications are also presented.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1995.tb00114.x
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  • 51
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    Digitale Medien
    A neural network-based real-time robot tracking controller using position sensitive detectors (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 12 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Abstract: A real-time visual servo tracking system for an industrial robot has been developed. Instead of a charge coupled device (CCD), a position sensitive detector (PSD) is used as the real-time vision sensor due to its fast response (the light position is transduced to analogue current). A neural network learns the complex association between the 3D object position and its sensor reading, and uses it to track that object, either moving or stationary. It also turns out that this scheme lends itself to a user-friendly way to teach workpaths for industrial robots. Furthermore, for real-time use of the neural net, an efficient neural network architecture has been developed based on the concept of input space partitioning and local learning. Real experiments indicate the system's characteristics of fast processing and learning as well as optimal usage of network resources.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1995.tb00044.x
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  • 52
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Negotiation in a knowledge-based concurrent engineering design environment (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 12 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Abstract: Computational support for concurrent engineering design presents a number of issues in the design of knowledge-based systems. A fundamental concern is the need to provide the life-cycle perspective in recommending design alternatives. It is argued that such a complex knowledge-based system should be distributed, due to the inherent problems with large knowledge bases and the maintenance of consistency. Inconsistent local views of a problem and different priorities on design issues are expected between different knowledge-based design perspectives. These inconsistencies and different priorities will lead inherently to conflict which has to be resolved. This paper addresses the issues and key variables in conflict resolution and presents a strategy that can be applied for managing the conflict resolution process. We propose negotiation as the method of analysing a conflict situation, applying an appropriate conflict resolution strategy and monitoring its performance. We present an overview of the nature of conflict and some conflict resolution strategies, and see in what situations certain strategies are appropriate.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1995.tb00046.x
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  • 53
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Book Reviews (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 12 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1995.tb00049.x
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  • 54
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Applications (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 12 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1995.tb00051.x
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  • 55
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Expert systems (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 12 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1995.tb00052.x
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  • 56
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Integration of human knowledge and machine knowledge by using fuzzy post adjustment: its performance in stock market timing prediction (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 12 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Abstract: This paper proposes a fuzzy post adjustment (FPA) mechanism so that human knowledge and machine knowledge can be integrated more synergistically to improve the performance of expert systems. Machine knowledge means knowledge algorithmically derived from past instances. Human knowledge implies (1) expert knowledge judging the trends of external factors and (2) user knowledge representing users’personal views about information given by both expert knowledge and machine knowledge. We consider an expert system that uses the FPA mechanism to incorporate the effect of external factors effectively into its inference process. The goal of this expert system is stock market timing prediction, which is divided into four kinds: bull, edged-up, edged-down and bear. Empirical tests showed that the proposed FPA mechanism can improve the performance of an expert system significantly, even in a turbulent decision-making environment.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1995.tb00270.x
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  • 57
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Laddering (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 12 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Abstract: There is still a need for new knowledge elicitation techniques and tools. Laddering is a technique which has a long history in a wide range of disciplines and which has proved extremely useful in knowledge elicitation. There have, however, been few attempts to describe and survey the technique per se. This paper describes the technique, its background, its use, analysis, and automation, with particular reference to knowledge elicitation. The advantages and disadvantages of the technique are described. It is concluded that laddering is a valuable technique which could be used in a wide range of settings.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1995.tb00271.x
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  • 58
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Diary (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 12 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1995.tb00277.x
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  • 59
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Virtual reality applications (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 12 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1995.tb00056.x
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  • 60
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Languages (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 12 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1995.tb00059.x
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  • 61
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Designing for flexibility: a case study (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 12 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Abstract: Expert systems have traditionally been designed with one particular purpose in mind, whether problem-solving, critiquing etc. When the system is intended for users with varying background knowledge it becomes necessary to provide different facilities for different groups of users, which in turn puts demands on how the knowledge must be represented. This paper describes an industrial prototype—Protein Purification Advisor (PPA)—in the area of protein purification, and how a suitable choice of knowledge representation has allowed us to use the same knowledge for a number of purposes including those mentioned above. Particular interest is laid on the topic of how to represent the heuristic knowledge and how to use it in actual decision-making.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1995.tb00023.x
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  • 62
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    AI field looks to the future: AAAI ′96, Portland, 4–8 August 1996 (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 13 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1996.tb00127.x
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  • 63
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    News (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 13 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1996.tb00129.x
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  • 64
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A constructive design method for two-layer perceptrons and its applicatio to the design of modular neural networks (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 13 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Abstract: A multilayer perceptron is known to be capable of approximating any smooth function to any desired accuracy if it has a sufficient number of hidden neurons. But its training, based on the gradient method, is usually a time consuming procedure that may converge toward a local minimum, and furthermore its performance is greatly influenced by the number of hidden neurons and their initial weights. Usually these crucial parameters are determined based on the trial and error procedure, requiring much experience on the designer's part.In this paper, a constructive design method (CDM) has been proposed for a two-layer perceptron that can approximate a class of smooth functions whose feature vector classes are linearly separable. Based on the analysis of a given data set sampled from the target function, feature vectors that can characterize the function‘well’are extracted and used to determine the number of hidden neurons and the initial weights of the network. But when the classes of the feature vectors are not linearly separable, the network may not be trained easily, mainly due to the interference among the hyperplanes generated by hidden neurons. Next, to compensate for this interference, a refined version of the modular neural network (MNN) has been proposed where each network module is created by CDM. After the input space has been partitioned into many local regions, a two-layer perceptron constructed by CDM is assigned to each local region. By doing this, the feature vector classes are more likely to become linearly separable in each local region and as a result, the function may be approximated with greatly improved accuracy by MNN. An example simulation illustrates the improvements in learning speed using a smaller number of neurons.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1996.tb00118.x
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  • 65
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Book Reviews (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 13 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: The Handbook of Brain Theory and Neural Networks Michael A. Arbib (Ed.)Virtual Reality Systems John VinceThe Uncertain Reasoner's Companion J. B. Paris
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1996.tb00122.x
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  • 66
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Knowledge types: a practical approach to guide knowledge engineering in domains of building design (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 13 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Abstract: This paper presents experiences and findings achieved through several expert system projects in domains of technical buiding design. The main focus is on knowledge acquisition and knowledge decomposition. Different approaches are presented and discussed. Four types of knowledge are presented: object knowledge, performance knowledge, event knowledge and metaknowledge, and the applicability of this classification to building design is justified. The paper includes a listing of experiences gained by real world testing of an expert system, and finally we outline guidelines to knowledge engineering in the domain of technical building
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1996.tb00186.x
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  • 67
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Standardising the elimination of unnecessary data from interview transcripts for the purposes of knowledge-based systems — a case study (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 13 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Abstract: Although knowledge elicitation, the process of extracting knowledge from human experts to be incorporated into a knowledge-based system, has been the subject of some notable studies, less attention has been paid to the methods of analysing the raw data once it has been extracted from the expert. When knowledge elicitation sessions are interview-based, the resultant form of raw data is usually a transcript of the interviewee's utterances. This paper describes an investigation into the preliminary stage of analysing such transcripts. It outlines the development of an approach to eliminate unnecessary detail from interview transcripts, thus enabling attention to be focused upon the remaining, more relevant data via a simple technique based upon cheap and readily available technology. The paper then outlines a rapid-prototyping approach for evaluating this method, the results of which were felt to be very encouraging.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1996.tb00279.x
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  • 68
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Book Reviews (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 13 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1996.tb00284.x
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  • 69
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Diary (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 13 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1996.tb00286.x
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  • 70
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Call for Papers (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 13 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1996.tb00287.x
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  • 71
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    An expert system approach to fault diagnosis in hydraulic systems (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 12 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Abstract: Increased interest in problem-solving decisions in the area of engineering leads to an increased demand for expert system applications. This paper presents an expert system that detects faults in hydraulic systems by simulating the reasoning of the expert, using as guide the hydraulic circuit of the system on the screen and extensive graphical information. A graphical user interface, appropriate explanations by using hypertext and user modelling have been implemented in order to produce a system that overcomes the usual interface problems of expert systems in engineering. This system has been developed in close collaboration with the company Automation Systems SA (Mannesmann Rexroth — Greece) and is currently used to detect faults in hydraulic presses, a fact that presents evidence of its usefulness.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1995.tb00269.x
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  • 72
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Reimbursements up, coding time down (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 12 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1995.tb00273.x
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  • 73
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The design and implementation of an intelligent query tool for relational databases (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 12 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Abstract: Retrieving ad hoc data from information systems is difficult for non-expert users. Despite the efforts made in improving query tools (e.g. visual query construction, Query By Example, query templates), empirical research shows that constructing a request is still difficult (Reisner 1988). The core of the problem seems to be in the difference between the way the user perceives the application domain and the way the system requires the user to see it (Carroll & Olsen 1988). In this paper we describe the design and implementation of an ad hoc query tool developed by RCC for a personnel information system, and how AI techniques contributed to this module. The main novel idea incorporated in the query tool is to present the user with a means to question the conceptual model of the system instead of the technical model. To support this, a blackboard architecture has been designed and implemented with knowledge sources that translate the user's questions to database queries. The query tool is used in daily practice by over 100 users.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1995.tb00272.x
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  • 74
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A generalised fuzzy reasoning algorithm for an object-oriented expert system tool (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 12 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Abstract: A fuzzy reasoning algorithm is presented in this paper. It is based on the concept of a generalised fuzzy production rule that adds new conjunctions such as ADD and REL to the usual AND and OR conjunctions for the linkage of premises in conventional rules. A definition is given for weights and related factors, to express and measure a relation between the premises. A formal representation for fuzzy premises is presented, together with the introduction of a fuzzy match method. Multiple thresholds are used to convert the uncertainty measures of reasoning results into linguistic variables. We have applied the fuzzy reasoning algorithm to a frame-based hybrid expert system tool. An object-oriented approach is used in implementing the system. Some results of the application are presented and discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1995.tb00109.x
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  • 75
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    News (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 13 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1996.tb00123.x
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  • 76
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Importance of information pre-processing in the improvement of neural network results (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 13 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Abstract: This paper compares the success ratio of certain topologies when their input data are changed through different pre-processing methods. It begins with the database description, and it shows some different kinds of pre-processing that will be applied and the necessary modifications to the input layer of the network. The process is carried out using four networks with supervised learning (Standard Backpropagation, Quick propagation, Resilient Propagation and Backpropagation with Momentum) and two with unsupervised learning (ART 1 and Dynamic Learning Vector Quantization).
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1996.tb00182.x
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  • 77
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A knowledge-based framework for intelligent-data migration (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 13 (1996), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Abstract: The Object-Inferencing Framework (OIF) is a knowledge-based system developed for intelligent-data migration. The framework provides a mechanism to integrate relational data which represents a source model; a project-specific rulebase which specifies plausible migration scenarios; and a deduction system to facilitate the migration of source data to a new, complex target model. Typically, the target model includes constituents that possess both graphic and tabular components. Although the framework is experimental, industrial applications built upon OIF have been successfully deployed in scenarios in which the source data contained implicit information in that semantic relationships and structure conveyed by the data had to be inferred by a domain expert. This framework provides a substrate for migration from any unstructured or semi-structured data representation to a complex, semantically rich target data model. Examples of the migration of CAD data, which represents an electrical-distribution system, to a client-server based Automated Mapping/Facilities Management (AM/FM) platform are presented to convey the salient features of the design and utility of the OIF. Even though the examples are taken from a specific domain, the approach has potential applications in a myriad of domains, including business enterprises in which the migration of data created and managed by legacy systems to object-oriented and clientserver environments is an area of intense research and development.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1996.tb00184.x
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  • 78
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Book Reviews (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 13 (1996), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: A Review of Industrial Case-Based Reasoning Tools Klaus-Dieter Althoff, Eric Auriol, Ralph Barletta and Michel ManagoSmalltalk: An Introduction to Application Development Using Visual Works Trevor Hopkins and Bernard Horan, Prentice HallIntelligent Control in Biomedicine D.A. Linkens (Ed.)Multisensor Integration and Fusion for Intelligent Machines and Systems edited by Ren C. Luo and Michael G. Kay, AblexDelphi Nuts & Bolts for Experienced Programmers G. Cornell and T. Strain
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1996.tb00187.x
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  • 79
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    News (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 12 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1995.tb00276.x
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  • 80
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Call for Papers (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 12 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1995.tb00278.x
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  • 81
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The MD Shell and its use to develop Dust-Expert (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 12 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Abstract: In this paper we describe TheMD (The Methods Designer) shell and its use in the development of an expert system, known as Dust-Expert, for the relief of dust explosions. We begin by providing the motivation for the development of TheMD Shell by evaluating a prototype implementation of Dust-Expert using a conventional shell. This evaluation is carried out in terms of the transparency, reliability and extensibility of the system.The lessons learned from this evaluation have led to the development of TheMD Shell. We describe the main features of the shell which include more appropriate schemas, more complete explanation capabilities, a ranking scheme and equation-solving capabilities. We illustrate the use of the schemas and the importance of the equation-solving capabilities by examples from the domain of dust explosions. We also provide a formal specification of the ranking scheme that we adopt. We conclude by highlighting the benefits of our approach in comparison to the usual process of developing knowledge-based systems.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1995.tb00112.x
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  • 82
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Book Reviews (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 12 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Subjective Probability George Wright and Peter Ayton (Eds.)Knowledge-based Information Systems D. Partridge and K. M. HussainIntelligent Agents: the New Revolution in Software Christine Guilfoyle and Ellie WarnerHigh Performance Computing Demystified D. Loshin, AP ProfessionalKnowledge Processing and Applied Artificial Intelligence Soumitra Dutta
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1995.tb00116.x
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  • 83
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A knowledge-based framework for planning non-destructive evaluation (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 12 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Abstract: A knowledge-based system (KBS) could be an ideal decision tool to reduce the complexity of planning non-destructive evaluation (NDE) or scheduling inspections. Such a KBS would have to evaluate the advantages and limitations of each available technique, given the specificity of a problem, and incorporate the fundamental knowledge derived from failure analysis. The KBS should include topics such as materials vs. defect size and type, probability of failure, and basic reliability information. In order to organise knowledge of materials degradation efficiently, the parameters that control various forms of failure first have to be rationalised in a general framework. This framework and their factors would then constitute a quantitative and easily programmable description of the independent variables controlling the intensity of a failure. This paper describes such a framework which could guide the general selection of NDE for materials failure, with a particular emphasis on corrosion related failures. The framework architecture itself was constructed using an object-oriented methodology for maximum flexibility, since it was anticipated that the materials parameters could easily be described as multidimensional objects.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1995.tb00043.x
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  • 84
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Countermatch in the community (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 12 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1995.tb00050.x
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  • 85
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Computers learn to smell and taste (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 12 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Abstract: They all stink: food and drink, perfumery, household products, soaps, shampoos, paints, manufacturing processes, printing processes, waste products, contaminated air, and automotive emissions and environmental testing. In every case, small is a criterion of quality.Automated techniques to ‘smell’ or ‘taste’ liquids using mass spectrometry and gas chromatography are time consuming, require skilled personnel and often do not give the information required for qualitative ‘testing’. A new technique is now available due to the advances in neural computing technology and multi-sensor array technology. The combination of these two approaches tries to simulate the human olfactory system in a simplified form. This paper shows that the recognition ability of an odour sensor array will be significantly improved using a neural computing approach in order to discriminate between similar odours.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1995.tb00048.x
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  • 86
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Neural networks (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 12 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1995.tb00053.x
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  • 87
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Book Reviews (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 12 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: The Art and Science of Smalltalk: An Introduction to Object Oriented Programming Using VisualWorks Simon LewisThe Book of GENESIS: Exploring Realistic Neural Models with the General Neural Simulation System James Bower and D. BeemanThe Book of GENESIS: Exploring Real istic Neural Models with the General Neural Simulation System James Bower and D. BeemanThe ISDN Literacy Book Gerald L. HopkinsThe Virtual Reality Casebook Carl Eugene LoeHer and Tim
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1995.tb00275.x
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  • 88
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Uncertainty in telecommunication network design (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 12 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Abstract: The design of telecommunication networks is a complex activity involving a vast amount of input data and numerous design rules. Much of the data is estimated and many of the rules are based upon experiential knowledge. The use of existing uncertainty techniques in expert systems is not really suited to the complexity of telecommunication network design. Having investigated the uncertainty problem, it is believed that a more rational method has been found for use in this application area. The paper presents the ‘Uncertainty Window’technique and its testing on one aspect of network design, namely that of network synchronisation.The essence of this uncertainty process is one of associating individual uncertainty windows with the relevant rules, data and facts of a design problem, which results in providing the network designer with an insight into the possible uncertainties within a design at each stage of the process. It indicates which information sources provide the dominant uncertainty and which assumptions are critical, needing further investigation, in order to improve the level of confidence in the overall design. The windowing technique works by virtue of its ability to retain the composition of the uncertainties within the problem and their associated values, assumptions, and so forth and allows for better solutions to be obtained.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1995.tb00111.x
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  • 89
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    DTI begins the wind-down (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 12 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1995.tb00115.x
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  • 90
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Prolog/Rex inference engine (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 12 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Abstract: Prolog/Rex supports the construction of knowledge-based systems, allowing frames (Prolog/Rex concepts) and rules to be combined, and providing language level support for hypothetical reasoning and assumption-based truth maintenance (Prolog/Rex viewpoint mechanism). To increase run-time performance during rule execution, Prolog/Rex provides two complementary rule compilation techniques: the simple indexing scheme and the heavily modified Rete expansion method. To improve the efficiency of the inference engine, we built an agenda-based rule manager that uses priority mechanism and/or heuristics embedded in meta-rules to control the rule firing order. Forward- and backward-chaining can be combined within the same program.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1995.tb00113.x
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  • 91
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    News (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 12 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1995.tb00117.x
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  • 92
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Fuzzy temporal reasoning for process supervision (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 12 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Abstract: Process supervision consists of following the temporal evolution (change) of process behaviours. This task has usually been performed based on the knowledge and experience of domain experts and operators. Actually, these experts and operators almost always express their experience and knowledge about process evolution in an imprecise, fuzzy and vague way. A good supervision system should be capable of dealing at once with two different kinds of knowledge: time and uncertainty.For many years, time and uncertainty have been two of the most important topics in Artificial Intelligence research and applications. Many approaches have been proposed to deal with either one or the other. Among the various approaches for time, reified logic has been considered as the most influent one. Possibilistic logic, on the other hand, has shown its ability to handle uncertain knowledge and information. This paper describes an approach for managing temporal uncertainty based on fuzzy logic and possibility theory. A fuzzy temporal expert system shell has been developed to perform process supervision tasks.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1995.tb00045.x
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  • 93
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Intelligent agents (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 12 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1995.tb00054.x
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  • 94
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Object-oriented technology (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 12 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1995.tb00055.x
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  • 95
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Speech recognition (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 12 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1995.tb00060.x
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  • 96
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Company news (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 12 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1995.tb00061.x
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  • 97
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    History spot (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 12 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1995.tb00062.x
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  • 98
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A word of expert advice for Swedish VAT advisors (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 12 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1995.tb00025.x
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  • 99
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Parallel implementation of the fuzzy ARTMAP neural network paradigm on a hypercube (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 12 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Abstract: The recent surge of interest in connectionist models arose through the availability of high speed parallel supercomputers and the advent of new learning algorithms. The computations performed on concurrent architectures are less costly than similar ones performed on sequential machines. In this paper, the design and implementation of a parallel version of fuzzy ARTMAP (Carpenter et al. 1992), which encompasses both neural and fuzzy logic, is discussed. Fuzzy ARTMAP is a supervised learning algorithm utilising two fuzzy ART modules and an associated mapping network. A simplified version of fuzzy ARTMAP (SFAM) was designed by incorporating a simplification of the match tracking concept on unsupervised fuzzy ART paradigms. The proposed simplified version consists of only one fuzzy ART module and an associated mapping network. A parallel fuzzy ARTMAP (PFAM) algorithm is then designed and implemented on a hypercube simulator (iPSC). The algorithm is parallelised for any architecture and, with the exception of issues related to communications, the implementation remains the same on any type of parallel machine. PFAM enjoys the advantage of reduced training time that makes the algorithm a successful candidate for applications that require both online testing and training. Such applications can range from underwater sonar detection and chemical plant processing control to nuclear reactor process control, flexible manufacturing and systems analysis.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1995.tb00024.x
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  • 100
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Book Reviews (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 12 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1995.tb00027.x
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