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  • thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences  (32)
  • Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
  • Animals
  • Deutschland
  • Universitätsverlag Göttingen  (38)
  • Verlag Julius Klinkhardt  (16)
  • Waxmann Verlag
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  • 1
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    Universitätsverlag Göttingen
    Publication Date: 2024-04-03
    Description: Das niedersächsische Nordhorn war historisch lange eine Hochburg der Kommunistischen Partei Deutschlands (KPD) sowie später der Deutschen Kommunistischen Partei (DKP), bis in die 1990er-Jahre hinein konnten sie hier lokalpolitische Ämter erringen. Von welchen Kontextbedingungen hing der lokale Erfolg der Nordhorner DKP ab? Wie fügte sich die Partei historisch in die Protestgeschichte ein und welches sind die zentralen Charakteristika der örtlichen gegenkulturellen Szene? Diesen Fragen geht die vorliegende FoDEx-Studie nach. Sie skizziert die zentralen Charakteristika und langfristigen Entwicklungstendenzen der linksradikalen bzw. linken Szene vor Ort und setzt diese in Bezug zum stadtpolitischen Erbe der Textilindustrie Nordhorns und der andauernden materialistischen Konfliktlinie. In einer mehrschrittigen Analyse werden wichtige Resonanz- und Verständigungsräume ebenso beleuchtet wie das individuelle Akteurshandeln vor Ort.
    Keywords: Nordhorn ; Deutsche Kommunistische Partei ; political culture ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences
    Language: German
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  • 2
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    Universitätsverlag Göttingen
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: This study treats ecotourism in National Protected Areas of Lao PDR as a “recreational frontier” which instrumentalizes the recreation of human natures in capitalism’s centers for that of nonhuman natures at capitalism’s (closing) frontiers. This world-ecological practice of ecorational instrumentality – i.e. of nature domination in the name of “Nature” – presents a remedy for capitalism’s crisis that is itself crisis-ridden, enacting a central tension of ecocapitalism: that between “conservation” and “development”. This epistemic-institutional tension is traced through the preconditions, modes and effects of ecotourism in Laos by gradually zooming from the most general scale of societal nature relations into the most detailed intricacies of ecotouristic practice. The combination of Bourdieu, Marx and Critical Theory enables a systematic analysis of the recreational frontier as enactment of various contradictions deriving from the “false-and-real” Nature/Society dualism.
    Keywords: Laos ; ecotourism ; recreation ; ecocapitalism ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences
    Language: English
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2022-05-13
    Description: What are the effects of internal migration controls on migrants without a regular residence permit – on “sans papiers”? The book gives an answer to this question with a comparative study of the United States and Germany. Based on expert interviews and in-depth interviews with forty sans papiers, police controls as well as controls in areas such as labor market, health care, housing, schooling and childcare are carefully analysed. The book discusses whether global economic, political or social processes have restricted the ability of advanced capitalist countries to control migration. It argues that migration policy in the OECD countries has become more similar, but this convergence only takes place at the level of policy goals and legal norms. At the level of implementation, national differences persist. The interviews show that sans papiers in the U.S. continue to have many possibilities to participate in society. In contrast, the comprehensive exclusion of sans papiers in Germany confi rms that there is no general “loss of control”.
    Description: Welche Auswirkungen haben interne Migrationskontrollen auf Migrantinnen und Migranten ohne regulären Aufenthaltsstatus - auf »Sans Papiers«? Dieser Frage geht das Buch mit einem Vergleich zwischen den Vereinigten Staaten und Deutschland nach. Anhand von Expertengesprächen und vierzig qualitativen Interviews mit Sans Papiers werden polizeiliche Kontrollen und Kontrollen in den Bereichen Arbeitsmarkt, Gesundheitsversorgung, Wohnen sowie Schule und Kinderbetreuung eingehend untersucht. Das Buch diskutiert, ob globale ökonomische, politische und soziale Prozesse die Fähigkeit von Nationalstaaten einschränken, Migration zu kontrollieren. Es wird gezeigt, dass sich die Migrationspolitik der OECDStaaten in den vergangenen Jahren zwar auf der Ebene der Leitlinien und Gesetze angeglichen hat. Bei der Implementation von Kontrollen bestehen aber nationale Unterschiede fort. Die Interviews belegen, dass Sans Papiers in den USA weiterhin vielfältige Möglichkeiten zur gesellschaftlichen Partizipation haben. Im Gegenzug zeigt das Beispiel Deutschland, dass angesichts der weitgehenden Exklusion von Sans Papiers keine Rede von einem »Kontrollverlust« sein kann.
    Keywords: cultural processes ; sociology ; migration ; Arbeitsmarkt ; Aufenthaltsstatus (Deutschland) ; Deutschland ; Illegale Einwanderung und illegaler Aufenthalt ; Vereinigte Staaten ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFF Social issues & processes::JFFN Migration, immigration & emigration ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government::JPA Political science & theory
    Language: German
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: This research unravels the economic collapse of the Datoga pastoralists of central and northern Tanzania from the 1830s to the beginning of the 21st century. The research builds from the broader literature on continental African pastoralism during the past two centuries. Overall, the literature suggests that African pastoralism is collapsing due to changing political and environmental factors. My dissertation aims to provide a case study adding to the general trends of African pastoralism, while emphasizing the topic of competition as not only physical, but as something that is ethnically negotiated through historical and collective memories. There are two main questions that have guided this project: 1) How is ethnic space defined by the Datoga and their neighbours across different historical times? And 2) what are the origins of the conflicts and violence and how have they been narrated by the state throughout history? Examining archival sources and oral interviews it is clear that the Datoga have struggled through a competitive history of claims on territory against other neighbouring communities. The competitive encounters began with the Maasai entering the Serengeti in the 19th century, and intensified with the introduction of colonialism in Mbulu and Singida in the late 19th and 20th centuries. The fight for control of land and resources resulted in violent clashes with other groups. Often the Datoga were painted as murderers and impediments to development. Policies like the amalgamation measures of the British colonial administration in Mbulu or Ujamaa in post-colonial Tanzania aimed at confronting the “Datoga problem,” but were inadequate in neither addressing the Datoga issues of identity, nor providing a solution to their quest for land ownership and control.
    Description: This research unravels the economic collapse of the Datoga pastoralists of central and northern Tanzania from the 1830s to the beginning of the 21st century. The research builds from the broader literature on continental African pastoralism during the past two centuries. Overall, the literature suggests that African pastoralism is collapsing due to changing political and environmental factors. My dissertation aims to provide a case study adding to the general trends of African pastoralism, while emphasizing the topic of competition as not only physical, but as something that is ethnically negotiated through historical and collective memories. There are two main questions that have guided this project: 1) How is ethnic space defined by the Datoga and their neighbours across different historical times? And 2) what are the origins of the conflicts and violence and how have they been narrated by the state throughout history? Examining archival sources and oral interviews it is clear that the Datoga have struggled through a competitive history of claims on territory against other neighbouring communities. The competitive encounters began with the Maasai entering the Serengeti in the 19th century, and intensified with the introduction of colonialism in Mbulu and Singida in the late 19th and 20th centuries. The fight for control of land and resources resulted in violent clashes with other groups. Often the Datoga were painted as murderers and impediments to development. Policies like the amalgamation measures of the British colonial administration in Mbulu or Ujamaa in post-colonial Tanzania aimed at confronting the “Datoga problem,” but were inadequate in neither addressing the Datoga issues of identity, nor providing a solution to their quest for land ownership and control.
    Keywords: Datoga ; Tanzania ; pastoral economy ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences
    Language: English
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  • 5
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    Universitätsverlag Göttingen
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Keywords: Normanby Island ; Sahara ; Sahel ; intercultural understanding ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences
    Language: German
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  • 6
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    Verlag Julius Klinkhardt
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: Contrary to the assumption of worldwide diffusion processes of internationally circulating reform ideas in education there are examples of regions that resist. In the present study, the phenomenon of incorporating international reform ideas into local education systems is examined using new institutionalism as a theory for its explanatory power of worldwide diffusion processes in education together with a set of cases that offer semi-lab-like conditions: Not all German federated states have adopted Bachelor’s and Master’s degrees for teacher training; some have maintained the state examination. Based on this empirical finding, the question of the dissertation is: Whether and how were the Bachelor’s and Master’s degree in German teacher training implemented on the federated statelevel in the period between 1999 and 2013? It can be shown that the federal ministers of higher education specified three core characteristics of the Bologna Process, namely the introduction of Bachelor’s and Master’s degrees, a credit point system, and modularisation. A decision of the Standing Conference of the Ministers of Education and Cultural Affairs of Germany made in 2005 further ensured that the reformed degrees were recognised nationwide for teachers as well. The educational organisations’ demands were characterised by a large number of positive and only a few negative votes concerning the implementation of the Bologna Process in German teacher education. To provide specific insights into the reform process, this study focuses on teacher training for secondary school teachers, comparing the teacher training regulations as of 1999 with all subsequent changes until 2013 to obtain the degree of change for each federated state. As a result, it can be stated that eight states introduced reformed degrees into secondary school teacher education and eight states kept the state examination. Both groups are then compared as to whether a change of the degree towards Bachelor’s and Master’s is more likely to be accompanied by further reforms. The results suggest that while changes have occurred in all states, the percentage increase of courses in education and didactics, as well as the increased study duration, correlates positively with a change of the degree structure. Therefore one can interpret that the Bologna reforms, especially those concerning the degree structure, were used to implement other curricular and structural reforms that were not related to the Bologna Process itself. In the last step, plenary debates on the federated state level regarding the introduction of these Bologna reforms are analysed to examine the justifications for the introduction of a change in the degree structure, as well as for maintaining the state examination. Justifications or strategies for preserving the state examination are particularly relevant because they act against the political and public expectations analysed earlier. In a nutshell, it can be stated that the innovative strength of the partial reforms adopted in the hybrid model and the exclusion of a fundamental criticism of Bachelor’s and Master’s degrees are used as a strategy to reject the implementation of a new degree structure without being interpreted as non-innovative. Federated states that implemented the degree reform referenced decisions made in other states or regions, as well as possible negative consequences of not implementing the degrees, to support their decision while also presenting it within the discourse as a window of opportunity for more fundamental reforms in teacher training.
    Description: Entgegen der Annahme weltweiter Diffusionsprozesse international kursierender Reformideen in der Bildungspolitik gibt es Beispiele für Regionen, die sich widersetzen. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird dieses Phänomen mithilfe eines Sets an Fällen untersucht, die in ihrer Gesamtheit quasi-laborartige Bedingungen bieten: Im Zuge des Bologna-Prozesses haben einige Bundesländer die Abschlüsse ‚Bachelor‘ und ‚Master‘ für die Lehrer*innenbildung übernommen, während andere die Staatsprüfung beibehalten haben. Ausgehend von diesem Befund wird in der Arbeit die Frage untersucht, mit welchen Strategien die Bologna-Reformen in der Lehrer*innenbildung der einzelnen Bundesländer in den Jahren von 1999 bis 2013 politisch umgesetzt bzw. wie deren Implementation verhindert wurde. Die Analyse der Erwartungen bildungspolitischer Akteure zeigt, dass die Hochschulminister*innen im Bologna-Prozess drei Kernmerkmale für die Organisation von Studiengängen festlegten, nämlich Bachelor- und Masterabschlüsse, ein Leistungspunktesystem und die Modularisierung. Darüber hinaus wurde die Bologna-Reform durch die Kultusministerkonferenz im Jahr 2005 auch für die Lehrer*innenbildung deutschlandweit anerkannt. Der Diskurs weiterer wichtiger bildungspolitischer Akteure zeichnet sich darüber hinaus durch eine Vielzahl an positiven gegenüber nur wenigen negativen Stimmen zur Implementation des Bologna-Prozesses in der Lehrer*innenbildung aus. Um die tatsächlichen Reformen differenziert betrachten zu können, wird der Fokus der zweiten Untersuchung allein auf das gymnasiale Lehramt gelegt. Dabei wird für jedes Bundesland die Gestaltung der Studienphase im Jahr 1999 mit dem Stand im Jahr 2013 verglichen. Dabei kann festgestellt werden, dass in allen Bundesländern sowohl das Leistungspunktesystem als auch die Modularisierung eingeführt wurden. Eine Reform der Staatsprüfung hin zu einem Masterabschluss wurde im Untersuchungszeitraum jedoch nur in acht der 16 Bundesländer umgesetzt. Die Einführung der Bachelor- und Masterabschlüsse ging zudem mit einer prozentualen Erhöhung des Anteils der Berufswissenschaften, definiert als Fachdidaktiken, Bildungswissenschaften und Schulpraktika, sowie einer Verlängerung der Studienzeit einher. Dies kann dahingehend interpretiert werden, dass die Bologna- Reformen insgesamt und die Einführung der Bachelor- und Masterabschlüsse im Besonderen als window of opportunity genutzt wurden, um auch andere Reformen umzusetzen. In der dritten Untersuchung werden Plenardebatten in den Bundesländern im Rahmen der Einführung der Bologna-Reformen analysiert, um die Begründungen für eine Reform bzw. für die Beibehaltung der Staatsprüfung zu untersuchen. Insbesondere Begründungen bzw. Strategien der Nicht-Einführung sind dabei besonders relevant, weil sie gängigen theoretischen Annahmen der Diffusion von international kursierenden Reformideen widersprechen. Zusammenfassend kann festgehalten werden, dass die Innovationskraft bzw. Passfähigkeit des eigenen Gesetzentwurfs unter Ausschluss einer Fundamentalkritik an den Bachelor- und Masterabschlüssen als Strategie verwendet wurden, um die Einführung dieser Abschlüsse zu umgehen, ohne gleichzeitig als rückständig im Vergleich zu den Ländern mit einer vollständigen Implementation zu gelten. Bei einer Implementation der Abschlüsse dient neben dem diskursiv hergestellten window of opportunity auch der Verweis auf an anderen Orten getroffene Entscheidungen und den daraus resultierenden negativen Konsequenzen für das eigene Bundesland bei einer etwaigen Nicht-Implementation als legitimitätsstiftend.
    Keywords: Lehrerbildung ; Lehrerausbildung ; Bologna-Prozess ; Hochschulpolitik ; Bachelor-Studiengang ; Master-Studiengang ; Lehramtsstudiengang ; Hochschulreform ; Hochschule ; Entscheidung ; Strategie ; Studiengang ; Studienordnung ; Bildungspolitik ; Gymnasium ; Modularisierung ; Staatsprüfung ; Lehramtsprüfung ; Argumentation ; Debatte ; Politik ; Bundesland ; Nationaler Vergleich ; Baden-Württemberg ; Bayern ; Berlin ; Brandenburg ; Bremen ; Hamburg ; Hessen ; Mecklenburg-Vorpommern ; Niedersachsen ; Nordrhein-Westfalen ; Rheinland-Pfalz ; Saarland ; Sachsen ; Sachsen-Anhalt ; Schleswig-Holstein ; Thüringen ; Deutschland ; Teacher education ; Teachers' training ; Teacher training ; Higher education policy ; University policy ; Bachelor course ; Master course ; Preservice Teacher Education ; Higher education reform ; University reform ; Higher education institute ; Strategy ; Channel of academic studies ; Course of studies ; Course of study ; Study regulations ; Educational policy ; German academic secondary school ; Grammar School ; Secondary school ; Modularization ; First state examination for the teaching profession ; Politics ; Baden-Wurtemberg ; Baden-Wurttemberg ; Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania ; Lower Saxony ; North Rhine-Westphalia ; North-Rhine Westphalia ; Rhineland-Palatinate ; Saxony ; Saxony-Anhalt ; Thuringia ; Germany ; Teaching post ; Teaching profession ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education::JNM Higher & further education, tertiary education::JNMN Universities ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education::JNM Higher education, tertiary education
    Language: German
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  • 7
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    Universitätsverlag Göttingen
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Keywords: gender ; mother ; daughter ; dress ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences
    Language: German
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2022-01-31
    Description: Klavierpraxis bzw. Schulpraktisches Klavierspiel in seinen vielfältigen Ausformungen ist ein zentraler Bestandteil des künstlerisch-praktischen Anforderungsprofils für Musiklehrende. Die komplexen, einem laufenden Wandel unterliegenden Anforderungen des modernen Musikunterrichts bilden sich im Spannungsfeld zwischen Ausbildung und den Erfordernissen im Berufsfeld nach wie vor nicht ausreichend ab. Im Rahmen der aktuellen Reformen im Lehramtsstudium sehen sich zudem bestehende Ausbildungskonzepte grundsätzlich in Frage gestellt, sodass auch eine Neudefinition klavierpraktischer Inhalte und Ziele im Kontext aktueller curricularer Transformationsprozesse notwendig erscheint. Vor diesem Hintergrund versuchen die Beiträge dieses Bandes Vorschläge und Ideen für Antworten auf aktuelle Fragen und Problemstellungen zu geben sowie notwendige und vielversprechende Perspektiven für die Zukunft aufzuzeigen.
    Keywords: LC8-6691 ; LB5-3640 ; MT1-960 ; Schulpraktisches Klavierspiel ; Deutschland ; Klavierpraktikum ; Musikpädagogik ; Österreich ; Instrumentaldidaktik ; Musikerziehung ; Klavierdidaktik
    Language: German
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  • 9
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    Universitätsverlag Göttingen
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Pastoralists throughout Africa face increasing pressures. In Benin, governmental development policies and programmes in crop farming are changing power relations between herders and farmers to favour the latter. How are the Fulani pastoralists responding to these threats to their existence? Georges Djohy explores the dynamics in local use of natural resources and in inter-ethnic relations resulting from development interventions. He combines the approaches of science and technology studies – looking at the co-construction of society and technology – and political ecology – looking at the power relations shaping the dynamics of economic, environmental and social change – so as to throw light on the forces of marginalisation, adaptation and innovation at work in northern Benin. Having worked there for many years, Djohy has been able to uncover gradual processes of socio-technological change that are happening “behind the scenes” of agricultural development involving mechanisation, herbicide use, tree planting, land registration and natural resource conservation. He reveals how farmers are using these interventions as “weapons” in order to gain more rights over larger areas of land, in other words, to support indigenous land grabbing from herders who had been using the land since decades for grazing. He documents how the Fulani are innovating to ensure their survival, e.g. by using new technologies for transport and communication, developing new strategies of livestock feeding and herd movement, and developing complementary sources of household income. The Fulani are organising themselves from local to national level to provide technological and socio-cultural services, manage conflicts and gain a stronger political voice, e.g. to be able to achieve demarcation of corridors for moving livestock through cultivated areas. They even use non-functioning mini-dairies – another example of development intervention – to demonstrate their modernity and to open up other opportunities to transform their pastoral systems. This book provides insights into normally hidden technical and social dynamics that are unexpected outcomes of development interventions.
    Keywords: thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences
    Language: English
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  • 10
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    Universitätsverlag Göttingen
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Palestinians frequently present a harmonizing and homogenizing we-image of their own national we-group, as a way of counteracting Israeli attempts to sow divisions among them, whether through Israeli politics or through the dominant public discourse in Israel. However, a closer look reveals the fragility of this homogenizing we-image which masks a variety of internal tensions and conflicts. By applying methods and concepts from biographical research and figurational sociology, the articles in this volume offer an analysis of the Middle East conflict that goes beyond the polar opposition between “Israelis” and “Palestinians”. On the basis of case studies from five urban regions in Palestine and Israel (Bethlehem, Ramallah, East Jerusalem, Haifa and Jaffa), the authors explore the importance of belonging, collective self-images and different forms of social differentiation within Palestinian communities. For each region this is bound up with an analysis of the relevant social and socio-political contexts, and family and life histories. The analysis of (locally) different figurations means focusing on the perspective of Palestinians as members of different religious, socio-economic, political or generational groupings and local group constellations – for instance between Christians and Muslims or between long-time residents and refugees. The following scholars have contributed to this volume: Ahmed Albaba, Johannes Becker, Hendrik Hinrichsen, Gabriele Rosenthal, Nicole Witte, Arne Worm and Rixta Wundrak. Gabriele Rosenthal is a sociologist and professor of Qualitative Methodology at the Center of Methods in Social Sciences, University of Göttingen. Her major research focus is the intergenerational impact of collective and familial history on biographical structures and actional patterns of individuals and family systems. Her current research deals with ethnicity, ethno-political conflicts and the social construction of borders. She is the author and editor of numerous books, including The Holocaust in Three Generations (2009), Interpretative Sozialforschung (2011) and, together with Artur Bogner, Ethnicity, Belonging and Biography (2009).
    Keywords: biographical research ; figurational sociology ; analysis ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences
    Language: English
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