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  • tomato
  • Springer  (158)
  • Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition  (158)
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  • Articles  (158)
  • Other Sources
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Response of tomato to nitrogen fertilization and irrigation frequencies in a semi-arid tropical soil (1994)
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 40 (1994), S. 85-88 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Keywords: irrigation frequences ; Lycopersicon esculentum ; nitrogen levels ; semi-arid ; tomato
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The effect of different irrigation frequencies (5, 7 and 9 days interval) and N rates (0, 50, 100 and 150 kg N ha−1) on applied N in tomato was studied in a field experiment during 3 growing seasons. The application of 100 kg N ha−1 with irriga tion scheduled at 7 days interal resulted in significantly higher N uptake and recovery rate than the other combinations of N rate and irrigation frequencies studied.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00750091
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Infection of potato stem bases, stolons and tubers byPolyscytalum pustulans (Owen & Wakef.) Ellis and development of sclerotia (1994)
    Springer
    Potato research 37 (1994), S. 35-42 
    Details
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: scale leaves ; sclerotial viability ; seed tubers ; pure culture ; hyphal rings ; tomato ; Solanum tuberosum L.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Polyscytalum pustulans spread from infected buds of seed tubers on the nodal scale leaves of elongating stems and stolons. More eyes were infected at the apical end of developing tubers than at the stolon end. Sclerotia, first found within the agar of ageing cultures, appeared to form from thickened hyphal rings within the aerial hyphae and conidiophores. As infected plants senesced, sclerotia developed within single or groups of host cells in diseased stem bases and remained viable for seven years in undisturbed soil. Sclerotia were also found after harvest in skin spots on decayed seed tubers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02360430
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Extreme resistance to cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) in transgenic tomato expressing one or two viral coat proteins (1999)
    Springer
    Molecular breeding 5 (1999), S. 111-119 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9788
    Keywords: cucumber mosaic virus ; tomato ; transgenic resistance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract For the production of broad commercial resistance to cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) infection, tomato plants were transformed with a combination of two coat protein (CP) genes, representing both subgroups of CMV. The CP genes were cloned from the CMV-D strain and Italian CMV isolates (CMV-22 of subgroup I and CMV-PG of subgroup II) which have been shown to produce severe disease symptoms. Four plant transformation vectors were constructed: pMON18774 and pMON18775 (CMV-D CP), pMON18831 (CMV-PG CP) and pMON18833 (CMV-22 CP and CMV-PG CP). Transformed R0 plants were produced and lines were selected based on the combination of three traits: CMV CP expression at the R0 stage, resistance to CMV (subgroup I and/or II) infection in growth chamber tests in R1 expressing plants, and single transgene copy, based on R1 segregation. The results indicate that all four vector constructs generated plants with extremely high resistant to CMV infection. The single and double gene vector construct produced plants with broad resistance against strains of CMV from both subgroups I and II at high frequency. The engineered resistance is of practical value and will be applied for major Italian tomato varieties.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009631106873
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Resistance of transgenic tomato to cucumber mosaic cucumovirus under field conditions (1999)
    Springer
    Molecular breeding 5 (1999), S. 121-130 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9788
    Keywords: cucumber mosaic virus ; tomato ; transgenic ; virus resistance ; field
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Since the summer of 1993, transgenic tomato plants expressing the coat protein (CP) genes of cucumber mosaic cucumovirus have been tested under field conditions to assess the level of resistance and agronomic performance. Trials were performed in different areas in Italy and the target virus in the majority of tests was spread naturally by the indigenous aphid populations. Twenty-three homozygous lines of variety UC82B, transformed to contain four different CP genes of CMV, were evaluated. The lines were preselected for CP expression, single gene copy, and virus resistance in growth chamber experiments. In general, CMV resistance was confirmed under field conditions though resistance in the field was less effective than what was observed in growth chamber experiments. The resistance observed in multi-year and multi-location experiments is of commercial value for several of the most resistant lines. Engineered resistance upon transfer to Italian varieties by breeding or direct transformation will be used in tomato production in Italy or elsewhere.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009615807781
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structure and Expression In planta of Botrytis cinerea Ubiquitin Genes (2000)
    Springer
    European journal of plant pathology 106 (2000), S. 693-698 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8469
    Keywords: differential gene expression ; grey mould ; ribosomal biogenesis ; tomato
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract To identify genes of the necrotrophic pathogenic fungus Botrytis cinerea that are expressed during infection of tomato leaves, a differential screening of a genomic library with radioactively labelled cDNA was performed. This resulted in the identification of a B. cinerea gene, denominated Bcubi4, which encodes a precursor protein consisting of four identical head-to-tail repeats of a 76 aa ubiquitin unit. Subsequently a gene denominated Bcubi1CEP79, encoding a single ubiquitin unit joined to a Carboxyl Extension Protein of 79 amino acids, was isolated. The expression of the two ubiquitin genes was studied during pathogenesis of B. cinerea on tomato. Bcubi1CEP79, but not Bcubi4, mRNA was transiently induced at 16 h after inoculation. The increased expression of the Bcubi1CEP79 gene at this stage of pathogenesis might be required for enhanced ribosomal biogenesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008713230963
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Host Range of Oidium lycopersici Occurring in the Netherlands (2000)
    Springer
    European journal of plant pathology 106 (2000), S. 465-473 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8469
    Keywords: tomato ; powdery mildew ; Oidium lycopersici ; host range ; host resistance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Nine accessions of three cucurbit species, ten of eight legume species, three of lettuce (Lactuca sativa) and 34 of 14 Solanaceae species were inoculated with a Dutch isolate of the tomato powdery mildew fungus (Oidium lycopersici) to determine its host range. Macroscopically, no fungal growth was visible on sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum), lettuce, petunia (Petunia spp.) and most legume species (Lupinus albus, L. luteus, L. mutabilis, Phaseolus vulgaris, Vicia faba, Vigna radiata, V. unguiculata). Trace infection was occasionally observed on melon (Cucumis melo), cucumber (Cucumis sativus), courgette (Cucurbita pepo), pea (Pisum sativum) and Solanum dulcamara. Eggplant (Solanum melongena), the cultivated potato (Solanum tuberosum) and three wild potato species (Solanum albicans, S. acaule and S. mochiquense) were more heavily infected in comparison with melon, cucumber, courgette, pea and S. dulcamara, but the fungus could not be maintained on these hosts. All seven tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) accessions were as susceptible to O. lycopersici as tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum cv Moneymaker), suggesting that tobacco is an alternative host. This host range of the tomato powdery mildew differs from that reported in some other countries, which also varied among each other, suggesting that the causal agent of tomato powdery mildew in the Netherlands differ from that in those countries. Histological observations on 36 accessions showed that the defense to O. lycopersici was associated with a posthaustorial hypersensitive response.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008706614291
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of fusaric acid on cells from tomato cultivars resistant or susceptible toFusarium oxysporum f. sp.Lycopersici (1996)
    Springer
    European journal of plant pathology 102 (1996), S. 127-132 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8469
    Keywords: cell suspension culture ; ion leakage ; Lycopersicon esculentum ; tomato ; toxicity ; fusaric acid
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Cell suspension cultures were set up from two tomato cultivars, one resistant, (‘Rio grande’) and one susceptible (‘63.5’) toFusarium oxysporum f. sp.lycopersici. Growth rates of the two cell cultures were comparable. Toxicity of fusaric acid, expressed as the fresh weight loss, was analyzed: It was significant in both cases after 10 h, but toxicity was twice as high for ‘63.5’ suspension cells. In the same way, electrolyte leakage caused by fusaric acid was three times more important for ‘63.5’ suspension cells. Moreover, fusaric acid treatment resulted in an acidification of the extracellular medium for ‘63.5’ suspension cells (0.4 pH unit), whereas an alkalization was observed for ‘Rio grande’ suspension cells (0.2 pH unit). Preliminary experiments suggest that fusaric acid was partially metabolized by ‘Rio grande’ suspension cells, however, no detoxified forms of fusaric acid were detected either in cells or in culture filtrates. For these two tomato cultivars, the differences in sensitivity to fusaric acid of cultivated cells correspond to the differences in plant susceptibility toFusarium oxysporum f. sp.lycopersici.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01877099
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The distribution and utilization of calcium by two tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) lines differing in calcium efficiency when grown under low-Ca stress (1989)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 113 (1989), S. 189-196 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Ca efficiency ; Lycopersicon esculentum ; tomato
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Two lines of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) representing extremes in utilization effciency of absorbed Ca were studied to detect internal differences in Ca transport and distribution and factors responsible for strain differences in susceptibility to low Ca-stress. Differences in efficiency of Ca use were expressed as CaER (mg of dry weight produced for each mg of Ca absorbed by the plant). Ca-efficiency in line 113(E) appeared to be associated with a slow continuous movement of absorbed Ca, allowing for continued growth of the shoot apex and upper lamina under Ca-deficiency conditions. In the inefficient line 67(I), in contrast, Ca was rapidly deposited in the lower leaves with little upward movement in the plant after absorption. Fractionation of tissue Ca into various chemical forms suggested that Ca inefficiency also was associated with higher concentrations of insoluble Ca in the shoot tissue. The efficient line, although sustaining growth at lower levels of Ca, was capable of maintaining a higher ratio of soluble to insoluble Ca in all shoot tissues. Calcium was concentrated in the lower plant tissues of the inefficient strain, limiting its availability for continued shoot growth. Autoradiographs of lines fed45Ca during the final 8 days of a 24-day experiment suggested that upward movement was sustained in line 113(E), in spite of vastly reduced transpiration rates and a root system characterized by leakage of K ions from the roots back into the solution.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02280180
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The significance of the magnesium to manganese ratio in plant tissues for growth and alleviation of manganese toxicity in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) and wheat (Triticum aestivum) plants (1990)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 124 (1990), S. 205-210 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Lycopersicon esculentum L. ; magnesium-manganese interaction ; magnesium: manganese ratio ; manganese toxicity ; tomato ; Triticum aestivum L. ; wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Results are reported for tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L. var. Ailsa craig) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Mara) which demonstrate that increasing concentrations of Mg in the plant raises plant tolerance to Mn toxicity. Water culture experiments with tomato show that under conditions of high Mn supply (200 µM, Mn), not only does increasing Mg application (0.75 mM to 15 mM) depress Mn uptake, but the higher Mg concentrations in the shoot counteract the onset of Mn toxicity when the concentrations of Mn in the shoot are also high. The ratio of Mg: Mn in the tissues is a better indicator of the appearance of toxicity symptoms than Mn concentration alone. Toxicity symptoms were observed when the Mg:Mn ratio in the shoot tissue was from 1.13 to a value between 3.53 and 6.54. The corresponding Mg: Mn ratio in the older leaves was from 0.82 to between 2.27 and 3.51. For wheat grown in soil, analyses of leaves revealed that growth could be expressed by the following relationship: Y=A+B exp(-kX), where Y=growth, X=Mg:Mn ratio, A, B and k=constants. Growth was significantly reduced when the Mg:Mn ratio fell below 20:1. From a measurement of this ratio it is therefore possible to predict the appearance of Mn toxicity and its influence on growth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00009261
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biological control ofBotrytis cinerea on tomato stem wounds withTrichoderma harzianum (1996)
    Springer
    European journal of plant pathology 102 (1996), S. 635-643 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8469
    Keywords: biological control ; grey mould ; Trichoderma harzianum ; tomato
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The effectiveness ofTrichoderma harzianum in suppression of tomato stem rot caused byBotrytis cinerea was examined on tomato stem pieces and on whole plants. Ten days after simultanous inoculation withB. cinerea andT. harzianum, the incidence of infected stem pieces was reduced by 62–84%, the severity of infection by 68–71% and the intensity of sporulation by 87%. Seventeen days after inoculation of wounds on whole plants, the incidence of stem rot was reduced by 50 and 33% at 15 and 26 °C, respectively, and the incidence of rot at leaf scar sites on the main stem was reduced by 60 and 50%, respectively. Simultanous inoculation and pre-inoculation withT. harzianum gave good control ofB. cinerea (50 and 90% disease reduction, 10 days after inoculation). The rate of rotting was not reduced by the biocontrol agent once infection was established. However, sporulation byB. cinerea was specifically reduced on these rotting stem pieces. Temperature had a greater effect than vapour pressure deficit (VPD) on the efficacy of biocontrol. Suppression ofB. cinerea incidence byT. harzianum on stem pieces was significant at 10 °C and higher temperatures up to 26 °C. Control of infection was significantly lower at a VPD of 1.3 kPa (60% reduction), than at VPD〈1.06 kPa (90–100% control). Reductions in the severity of stem rotting and the sporulation intensity of grey mould were generally not affected by VPD in the range 0.59–1.06 kPa. Survival ofT. harzianum on stems was affected by both temperature and VPD and was greatest at 10 °C at a low VPD and at 26 ° C at a high VPD.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01877244
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