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  • Articles  (36)
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  • electrodeposition  (36)
  • Springer  (36)
  • Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology  (36)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ni–Zn–P alloy deposition from sulfate bath: inhibitory effect of zinc (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 29 (1999), S. 1171-1176 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Keywords: alloys ; cyclic voltammetry ; electrodeposition ; electroless deposition ; nickel ; phosphorus ; zinc
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract Electroless Ni–Zn–P alloy deposition from a sulphate bath, containing sodium hypophosphite as reducer, was investigated. To increase the plating rate, the deposition parameters were optimized. The effect of process parameters (T, pH and [Zn2+]) on the plating rate and deposit composition was examined and it was found that the presence of zinc in the bath has an inhibitory effect on the alloy deposition. As a consequence, the percentage of zinc in the electroless Ni–Zn–P alloys never reaches high values. Using cyclic voltammetry the electrodeposition mechanism of Ni–Zn–P alloys was investigated. It was observed that the zinc deposition inhibits the nickel discharge and, as a consequence, its catalytic activity on hypophosphite oxidation. It was also found that increase in temperature or pH leads to the deposition of nickel rich alloys.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003426904395
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Deposition of Zn–Co by constant and pulsed current (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 28 (1997), S. 89-95 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Keywords: zinc ; cobalt ; alloy ; electrodeposition ; interphase layer ; electrochemical quartz crystal microgravimetry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract The initial stages of both Zn–Co and Zn electrodeposition were investigated by electrochemical quartz crystal microgravimetry (EQCM). The initial electrode mass growth, determined under both pulse and constant current conditions, was much higher than predicted by Faraday's law. This was explained in terms of the precipitation of scarcely soluble compounds of zinc on an electrode surface. The EQCM data confirm that the hydroxide suppression mechanism explains the anomalous Zn and Co codeposition. A nonuniform adsorption of brightener (benzalaceton) on the profiled surface was concluded on the basis of plating distribution investigations. The additive adsorbs to a greater extent on the surface projections.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003206019963
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chromium electrodeposition using a chromium(iii) glycine complex (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 28 (1998), S. 929-934 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Keywords: chromium(iii) ; electrodeposition ; glycine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract A flow plating system was used to investigate chromium metal deposition from an electrolyte based on Cr(iii) and glycine. The Cr(iii) glycine species suitable for chromium deposition was identified. The chemical reactions occurring during electrolyte preparation and during metal deposition are discussed. Chemical reaction sequences for the predominant reactions are suggested. The influences of the chromium ion concentration, temperature and electrolyte velocity on chromium deposition are considered. The optimum conditions for good quality chromium metal deposition are determined.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003403203094
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A cyclic voltammetric study of the kinetics andmechanism of electrodeposition of manganese dioxide (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 28 (1998), S. 1235-1241 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Keywords: manganese dioxide ; electrodeposition ; cyclic voltammetry ; multistep mechanism ; disproportionate dissociation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract The kinetics and mechanism of electrooxidation of Mn2+ ions to MnO2 (EMD) has been studied in electrolytes comprising MnSO4 and H2SO4 by cyclic voltammetry at 80°C. The voltammogram of a Pt electrode cycled between 0.6 and 1.6V vs SCE exhibits an anodic current peak at about 1.3V vs SCE resulting in the deposition of MnO2 on the electrode, while a cathodic peak appears at 0.8V vs SCE. It is shown that the pair of peaks do not correspond to a single reversible reaction but represent two separate irreversible electrode processes. The cyclic voltammetric peak current for the deposition of EMD is found to be proportional to the square root of Mn2+ ion concentration in the electrolyte and independent of acid concentration. Based on these results, a mechanism for the formation of EMD involving diffusion of Mn2+ ions to the electrode surface, oxidation of Mn2+surface to Mn3+ads, and H2O to OHads as the primary oxidation steps is invoked. Mn3+ads ions dissociate disproportionately into Mn2+ads and Mn4+ads ions at the electrode surface. The Mn2+ads and Mn4+ads ions, respectively, react with OHads and H2O resulting in the formation of EMD.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003472901760
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electrodeposition of zinc–nickel alloys from ammonia-containing baths (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 29 (1999), S. 1035-1044 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Keywords: ammonia ; cyclic voltammetry ; electrodeposition ; gas–liquid equilibria ; speciation diagrams ; zinc–nickel alloys
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract This paper describes the use of ammonia-containing baths for Zn–Ni alloy electrodeposition. Buffering properties of the ammonia/ammonium couple limit the local change in pH in the vicinity of the electrode surface caused by simultaneous hydrogen evolution. In addition, it is shown that the divalent zinc and nickel species exist in the form of Zn(NH3) 4 2+ and Ni(NH3) 6 2+ complexes over a large pH range. The electrochemistry of the deposition at pH 10 was investigated by galvanostatic experiments and cyclic voltammetry, and compared with deposition from ammonium chloride baths at pH 5. The Ni content in the alloys were found to be 40–60% higher from the ammonia-containing bath than from the acidic baths. Reduction of divalent ions and hydrogen evolution were shown to occur at potentials 250 mV more cathodic than with baths at pH 5; the deposition mechanism may be affected by complexation of the metal cations by ammonia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003610617785
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structure and thermal stability of zinc–nickel electrodeposits (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 29 (1999), S. 1045-1051 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Keywords: electrodeposition ; structure ; thermal stability ; zinc–nickel
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract ZnNi alloys were electrodeposited from a chloride bath on steel substrates. The effect of nickel bath concentration on chemical composition, structure and microstructure of the deposits is demonstrated. From 0 to 13 nickel, the phases obtained do not correspond to that reported on the thermodynamic phase diagram. It is shown that the substitution of zinc by nickel is responsible for the formation of distorted ηd and γd phases corresponding to the supersaturated hexagonal η phase of zinc and to the unsaturated cubic γ phase of Zn–Ni alloy, respectively. Differential scanning calorimetry indicates that the thermal instability of the alloys containing up to 13 wt of nickel, results from the crystallization of the δ phase from the ηd and γd phases at around 200 °C and 250 °C, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003574625112
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electrocrystallization and electrodeposition of silver on titanium nitride (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 30 (2000), S. 1261-1268 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Keywords: electrodeposition ; electrocrystallization ; silver ; thiocyanate ; TiN substrate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract The electrocrystallization and electrodeposition of silver on TiN substrates in AgNO3 + KSCN solutions were studied by electrochemical methods and scanning electron microscopy. The description of Ag electrocrystallization is given in terms of instantaneous, progressive or mixed nucleation models. The parameters of electrocrystallization were determined and the fractional area covered by silver was estimated. A two-step procedure was used for forming a continuous silver film on a TiN substrate. During the first step, a seed layer was deposited on TiN by applying either high negative potential or cathodic current density in 0.011 M AgNO3 + 2.5 M KSCN solution. The applied cathodic current density was higher than the limiting diffusion current in the solution. During the second step, a bulk silver film was deposited galvanostatically from a 0.22 M AgNO3 + 2.5 M KSCN solution at a cathodic current density lower than the limiting current density.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026553712521
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of diffusion coefficients of depositing ions in molten chlorides by transient electrochemical techniques (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 30 (2000), S. 1351-1360 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Keywords: diffusion coefficient ; electrodeposition ; molten chlorides ; transient techniques
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract The electrochemical reduction of Pb(II), Zn(II) and Mg(II) ions at glassy carbon and tungsten electrodes in molten KCl–LiCl eutectic was studied by linear sweep voltammetry (LSV), convolutive potential sweep voltammetry (CPSV), chronopotentiometry and chronoamperometry. In the case of lead deposition, the initial nucleation stage was found to influence the shape of the voltammetric current peak. CPSV was consequently believed to be a more reliable method than LSV for the calculation of the diffusion coefficient of the Pb(II) ion. Similar complications were not observed for zinc and magnesium since the nucleation overpotentials for these metals were significantly lower than for lead. On the other hand, lithium codeposition made it difficult to interpret the zinc and especially the magnesium convolution voltammograms. Chronopotentiometry yielded practically identical results for D Pb(II) as the voltammetric techniques. However, due to a substantial residual current, the Sand equation was not obeyed for the Zn(II) and Mg(II) ions. Determination of diffusion coefficients from single potentiostatic current transients and the Cottrell equation was not found to be a very reliable method. Empirical expressions for the temperature dependence of D in the range 400–500 °C were calculated for all three ions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026578713427
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Normal and anomalous codeposition of Zn–Ni alloys from chloride bath (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 30 (2000), S. 173-179 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Keywords: alloys ; electrodeposition ; nickel ; zinc
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract The codeposition of Zn–Ni alloys from chloride bath has been studied by means of potentiostatic electrodeposition in the potential range −700 to −1100 mV vs Ag/AgCl, where both normal and anomalous codeposition occurs. Deposition of alloys of different composition, morphology and structure, depending on the cathodic potential, was found. Analysis of the partial current densities showed that the production of nickel rich alloys in the potential range −700 to −900 mV is due to the underpotential reduction of zinc, driven by nickel ion discharge. Morphological and microstructural analyses showed that these alloys have the face-centred-cubic structure of nickel (α phase) and that the addition of zinc in the nickel lattice causes internal stresses in the deposits, which are prevalently amorphous. At potentials more negative than −910 mV, corresponding to the equilibrium potential of the zinc rich γ phase deposition, the rate of deposition of the α phase decreases and the further increase in deposit zinc content leads to the formation of the γ phase, with a decrease in internal stress. In this range of potential, zinc and nickel reduction can occur separately, according to their respective exchange current densities.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003820423207
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electrodeposition of cohesive carbon films on aluminum in a LiCl–KCl–K2CO3 melt (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 30 (2000), S. 571-574 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Keywords: aluminum electrode ; carbon film ; electrodeposition ; molten salt
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract Electrodeposition of carbon on an aluminum electrode was studied in a LiCl–KCl–K2CO3 melt. A cyclic voltammogram for an aluminum electrode indicates that the cathodic current is due to the reduction of CO3 2− ions. Carbon films on aluminum substrates were obtained by potentiostatic electrolysis, and the cohesiveness of the films depended on the potential. SEM observations showed that the morphology of the deposited carbon film depends on the electrolytic conditions. Raman spectroscopy, XPS and XAES measurement showed that the film consisted of carbon in the sp2 state.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003927100308
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nucleation effects on structural and optical properties of electrodeposited zinc oxide on tin oxide (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 30 (2000), S. 711-716 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Keywords: electrodeposition ; nucleation ; optical transmission ; oxygen reduction ; tin oxide ; zinc oxide
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract Zinc oxide was electrodeposited from oxygenated aqueous solutions of zinc chloride at 80 ∘C on tin oxide covered glass substrates. A new activation treatment for the substrate is established. This consists in the initial formation, in the deposition solution, of a thin metallic zinc layer (5–50 nm) converted to ZnO by in situ reoxidation. Variable densities of nucleation centers (with values approaching 1010 cm−2) are formed by this treatment. This allows control of the formation of a zinc oxide layer ranging from open deposits of isolated crystallites to compact and homogeneous layers. Compact layers have high specular transmission below the band gap value (∼3.5 eV), whereas open films exhibit extensive light scattering. The shapes of the current–time curves during deposition are discussed in terms of nucleation and structural effects. A possible influence of the semiconducting properties of the films is pointed out.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003857026200
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Some aspects of removal of copper and cobalt from mixed ion dilute solutions (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 30 (2000), S. 831-838 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Keywords: anodic linear sweep voltammetry ; cobalt ; copper ; electrodeposition ; vitreous carbon
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract Some aspects of the electrodeposition of copper and cobalt from aqueous sulphate solutions containing low concentrations of their ions were studied with a view to heavy metal removal via an electrochemical process. Both metals were deposited on a vitreous carbon rotating disc electrode. Deposits formed under different conditions were studied employing linear sweep voltammetry, scanning electron microscopy and EDAX surface analysis. Constant potential electrolysis was used to simulate recovery in a laboratory batch reactor. Copper can be deposited without cobalt interference at potentials as cathodic as −1.0 V despite high Co concentrations. At more negative potentials, both metals are deposited simultaneously, although the copper proportion in the binary mixture is greater than that corresponding to the solution concentration ratio. Voltammetry studies effected under conditions in which codeposition occurs show only minor changes in copper behaviour. On the other hand, cobalt behaviour exhibits significant modifications. Even though formation of an intermetallic compound is possible, ASVL and microscopy tests indicate cobalt deposition in different crystalline forms as the more probable cause. In turn, cobalt deposition depends on the polarization conditions of the electrode and on the cobalt and copper concentrations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003910830855
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dynamic aspects of the electroreduction of chromic acid solutions (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 30 (2000), S. 1069-1079 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Keywords: chromium ; electrodeposition ; impedance ; oscillating reaction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract Potentiodynamic and impedance spectroscopy measurements were performed on ARMCO iron, steels (C30, C40, C50), cast iron and graphite electrodes in a bath of industrial composition: CrO3 250 g dm−3, H2SO4 2.5 g dm−3. Attention focused on the electrochemical reactions occurring before the start of the chromium deposition. The electrochemical evidence is markedly affected by the chemical nature of the cathode. This is rationalized by proposing a reaction mechanism involving the formation, depending on the chemical nature of the substrate, of a passive adsorbed film consisting of mixed chromium and iron oxides. Moreover, the proposed overall scheme accounts for the presence of periodic current oscillations observed both in potentiodynamic and potentiostatic curves. In close agreement, impedance spectra show negative loops when measured at the corresponding potentials.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004034418431
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On texture formation of chromium electrodeposits (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 28 (1997), S. 141-150 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Keywords: chromium ; electrodeposition ; texture formation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract The microstructure, texture and hardness of electrodeposited hard, direct current (DC) chromium and pulsed reversed chromium has been investigated. These investigations suggest that the growth and texture of hard chromium is controlled by inhibition processes and reactions. Further, it has been established that codeposition of Cr2O3 nanoparticles is a general feature of DC chromium electrodeposition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003222523597
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electrodeposition of indium and zinc on aluminium (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 29 (1999), S. 245-251 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Keywords: aluminium ; electrodeposition ; indium ; zinc
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract Zinc and indium were deposited from sulphate and chloride electrolytes onto aluminium electrodes under potentiostatic conditions. The role of the anion, pH, cation concentration, cathodic potential and agitation were investigated. The deposit morphology and composition were studied by SEM and EDX. Potentiodynamic and galvanostatic techniques were also applied for product characterization. Once a critical amount of Zn was deposited preferred In deposition began without agitation. But under rotation or at low cathodic potentials Zn2+ discharge became the prevalent reaction. The results support the earlier hypothesis of the preferential adsorption of Zn ions [1].
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003487808354
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    pH measurement in the vicinity of a cathode evolving hydrogen gas using an antimony microelectrode (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 28 (1998), S. 617-622 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Keywords: antimony electrode ; microelectrode ; local pH ; electrodeposition ; buffer action ; diffusion layer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract An antimony microelectrode was prepared by quenching a molten Sb–Sb2O3 mixture (2% Sb2O3). The local pH in the vicinity of a cathode evolving hydrogen gas was directly measured using the microelectrode. The local pH during electrolysis of KCl-glycine aqueous solutions was increased by proton consumption; however, the increment decreased with increasing concentrations of glycine, a buffering agent. The diffusion-limiting current density of hydrogen evolution involving proton reduction was controlled by the concentrations of the proton-donating species: protonated-glycine +H3NCH2COOH and H3O+ ions. A plot of the current density against the sum of the concentrations gives a single straight line passing through the origin. The phenomena are discussed in terms of electrodeposition processes of base metals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003254219905
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
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    An investigation into the electrodeposition of Au–Cu-matrix particulate composites (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 29 (1999), S. 687-695 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Keywords: alloys ; composites ; electrodeposition ; gold–copper alloy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract The electrodeposition of AuCu/B4C composites from alkaline baths containing free cyanide is described. The electrochemical behaviour of the bath and the metallographic and crystalline structures of the electrodeposited alloys were studied with and without addition of particles. Electrochemical instabilities were observed and their bearing on the structure of both pure matrix and composite electrodeposits is shown and elucidated. The electrochemical and structural conclusions on the AuCu/B4C system are thought to be general for alloy-matrix composite plating with nonconductive particles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003509923754
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
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    Electrodeposition of Co + Ni alloys on modified silicon substrates (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 29 (1999), S. 803-810 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Keywords: alloys ; anomalous deposition ; cobalt ; electrodeposition ; nickel ; silicon
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract Cobalt+nickel alloys were electrodeposited on different base-silicon substrates since these alloys are interesting for several magnetic device applications. Acid chloride baths were used to obtain magnetic cobalt+nickel layers directly over silicon surfaces, tantalum silicide or metallic seed-layers. Although the initial stages of nucleation were influenced by the kind of substrate, in all substrates nucleation and three-dimensional growth evolving to compact, fine-grained and homogeneous deposition, took place. Preferential deposition of cobalt and anomalous codeposition occurred. Different compositions of the alloy were obtained, as is normal with a solid–solution formation. The cobalt content in the deposit rose with increase in both cobalt(ii) and saccharin concentrations and fell with decrease in the applied potential or current density.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003580302490
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
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    Mass transfer and current efficiency for the electrodeposition of silver in fluorosilicic acid solution (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 29 (1999), S. 827-834 
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    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Keywords: current efficiency ; electrodeposition ; fluorosilicic acid ; mass transfer ; silver
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract The stripping and electrodeposition of silver in fluorosilicic acid solution are irreversible reactions as indicated by cyclic voltammetry. The rate constant for the intrinsic heterogeneous cathodic deposition of silver was obtained as k C 0 =40.77 exp(1.88−29.43 E C 0′ ) and the diffusion coefficient of the silver ion in fluorosilicic acid solution as 5.17×10−5 cm2 s−1. Theoretical calculations of the concentration of silver ion correlated well with experimental data. The relationship between the diffusion layer thickness and the stirring rate was also obtained. Increasing the stirring rate and temperature, and decreasing the current density and concentration of fluorosilicic acid, caused an increase in the current efficiency for silver deposition on graphite.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003646119602
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
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    Niobium plating processes in alkali chloride melts (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 29 (1999), S. 939-949 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Keywords: electrodeposition ; metal plating ; molten salts ; niobium ; pulse electrolysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract Niobium deposits were prepared from alkali chloride melts on nickel and AISI316 stainless steel substrates both by constant current and by pulse current methods. The influence of electrolysis conditions on the nature, morphology and purity of the deposits was investigated by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray analysis. No metallic niobium was obtained at temperatures below 500 ∘C. At temperatures between 550 and 650 ∘ C, the deposits were dendritic and non-adherent, whereas pure niobium layers could be obtained at 750 ∘ C. Detailed analysis showed that a large negative overpotential during the pulse current period lead to the presence of suboxides, such as Nb6O, in the metallic phase. Suitable electrolysis conditions gave pure oxygen-free niobium. Cross section analysis showed that on nickel a thin layer of niobium–nickel alloy such as NbNi3, was formed at the metal interface. In contrast no alloys were detected at the niobium-stainless steel interface, where homogenous adherent layers of thickness around 50 μm were obtained.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003501022963
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  • 21
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    Magnetic properties of electrodeposited nickel–manganese alloys: Effect of Ni/Mn bath ratio (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 30 (2000), S. 1313-1316 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Keywords: alloys ; electrodeposition ; magnetic properties ; Ni–Mn binary system
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026524907978
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  • 22
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    Electrowinning of tellurium from alkaline leach liquor of cemented Te (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 30 (2000), S. 315-322 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Keywords: alkaline leach liquor ; cemented Te ; electrodeposition ; electrowinning ; tellurium
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract The electrochemical behaviour of tellurium in 2.5 M NaOH solution was studied for the recovery of tellurium from alkaline leach liquor of cemented Te using steady state polarization and cyclic voltammetry. The deposition characteristics and the potential range for a stable deposit of tellurium were also investigated. The morphology of deposited Te in alkaline solution showed a very porous nature and needlelike radial growth. The potential range for stable electrodeposition was between −0.8 V and −0.95 V (vs Hg/HgO electrode), but electrowinning could be carried out at more negative potentials due to the disproportionation reaction of Te2 2−. Laboratory-scale electrowinning experiments were performed under different operating voltages, temperatures and initial Te concentrations. The current efficiency was about 85–90% for 50% recovery and about 50–60% for 90% recovery. The purity of electrodeposited Te was higher than 99.95%.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003867821601
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  • 23
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    Electrodeposition of Ni–Co alloys from sulfamate baths (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 30 (2000), S. 277-284 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Keywords: galvanostatic deposition ; impedance spectrocopy ; nickel–cobalt ; electrodeposition ; rotating cylinder hull cell ; sulfamate bath
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract The paper describes the results of electrochemical investigations of Ni–Co deposition from a sulfamate bath in the presence of boric acid and two additives. The individual deposition of nickel was shown to be partly inhibited by the adsorption of sulfamate ions at low polarization; such inhibition was not observed for cobalt. The introduction of saccharin at 100 ppm, with a wetting agent seems to hinder sulfamate adsorption and Ni deposition departs at less cathodic potentials. The presence of cobalt has no effect on nickel deposition, whereas cobalt deposition is hindered by the presence of nickel in the bath. Galvanostatic deposition was carried out at the surface of a RDE and with a rotating cylinder Hull cell. At low current densities deposits with a Co content of approx. 40% were produced, but this content was shown to decrease with the applied current density. Examination of experimental data showed that cobalt deposition is diffusion-controlled and that Co content decreases with the applied current density relative to the limiting current density.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003938310824
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  • 24
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    Preparation of Bi1−xSbx films by electrodeposition (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 30 (2000), S. 385-392 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Keywords: antimony bismuth alloys ; electrodeposition ; semiconductors ; thin films
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract A method has been developed to produce composition modulated Bi1−x Sb x alloys by electrodeposition. The electrolyte which consists of NaCl 4 M and HCl 1 M (pH 0) in aqueous medium, allows codeposition of bismuth and antimony to be accomplished at room temperature on glassy carbon. The composition of the films, their crystal structure, morphology and resistivity were studied as a function of electrochemical parameters and bath composition. It is shown that the electrodeposits are monophasic and exhibit a polycrystalline state. The obtained alloys represent a continuous series of solid solution. The film composition is dependent on the applied current density. The electrical resistivity is of the order of 3–7 μΩm.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003990327662
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    Observation of photocurrent generation in electrodeposited zinc oxide layers (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 30 (2000), S. 855-858 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Keywords: light irradiation ; photocurrent ; zinc oxide ; electrodeposition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract Wurtzite zinc oxide (ZnO) films with band gap energy of about 3.3 eV were deposited onto conductive substrates by electrodeposition from a simple aqueous zinc nitrate solution at 335 K. The films showed optical transmission around 70% in the visible light region. The electrical resistance showed a strong dependence on cathodic potential. The decrease in electrical resistance could be observed with light irradiation irrespective of the cathodic potential and was attributed to the excitation of electrons from valence band to conduction band by light with wavelength below 375 nm. A photocurrent of about 0.10 μA was generated for a cell composed of Ag electrode/Au/ZnO/NESA glass substrate under conditions of irradiation by sunlight.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003960203539
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  • 26
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    Electrodeposition of Zn–Co alloy coatingsfrom sulfate–chloride electrolytes (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 27 (1997), S. 1380-1384 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Keywords: corrosion resistance ; electrodeposition ; sulfate–chloride electrolyte ; Zn–Co alloy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract The composition, surface morphology and appearance of Zn–Co alloy deposits as a function of current density, electrode potential and Co2+ concentration in the electrolyte was studied. It was found that coatings of good quality with low (1%) Co content are formed at a current density of 0.2Adm−2 and with high (6.5%) Co content at 2Adm−2 from electrolytes containing 1.0M Co2+ under galvanostatic conditions. The potentiodynamic dissolution of coatings with Co content of 6.5% indicates successive deposition of Co enriched phases and a pure Zn phase. The Zn–Co alloys are more corrosion resistant than zinc but are less resistant than cobalt.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018425129532
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  • 27
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    On unsteady electrochemical coating of a cylinder at moderately large Reynolds number (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 27 (1997), S. 1369-1379 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Keywords: electrodeposition ; electrochemical coating ; forced convection ; cylinder ; mass transport ; numerical solutions ; Reynolds number
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract Electrodeposition on a circular cylinder under forced convection was simulated for Reynolds numbers 10 and 200 by numerical solutions of the incompressible Navier–Stokes and mass transport equations. Current density distribution and concentration fields were computed with changing mass transfer and flux rates. Comparisons with earlier numerical and theoretical results are presented for Reynolds number 10. It is shown that the unsteady wake that appears for Reynolds numbers greater than 50 affects the mass transfer from the surface of the cylinder only in an average sense. This result is compared with a heat transfer case, where unsteadiness is much more manifest.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018473012694
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  • 28
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    Thermal effects of a laser beam on the electrodeposition of Ni–P alloys (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 28 (1997), S. 80-88 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Keywords: Ni– P alloys ; electrodeposition ; acetate electrolyte ; hypophosphite ; continuous and pulsed laser ; thermal effects
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract The paper deals with the effects of an incident laser beam on electrodeposition of Ni–P alloys from dilute acetate solutions. The kinetics of separate reductions of Ni2+ and H2PO−2 species were first investigated by linear sweep voltammetry, varying the hypophosphite concentration and the solution temperature: comparison of the kinetically limited current densities of the two reductions suggested that increasing temperature might reduce the significance of P codeposition. This tendency was confirmed by deposition runs carried out at controlled current. Deposition performance was discussed in terms of faradaic yield and deposit properties, namely P content together with the aspect and the structure of the alloys. Use of a continuous or pulsed laser beam was shown to reduce the P content in the deposit at high current densities; in some cases, amorphous structures were replaced by more crystalline forms with assistance of a laser beam.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003253903124
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  • 29
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    Rotating cylinder Hull cell study of anomalous codeposition of binary iron-group alloys (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 28 (1998), S. 1251-1260 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Keywords: electrodeposition ; anomalous codeposition ; iron-group alloys ; rotating cylinder Hull cell
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract The anomalous codeposition of the iron group metals was investigated using the rotating cylinder Hull (RCH) cell. Single metals and binary alloys of iron, nickel and cobalt were deposited in the RCH cell and the partial current densities were determined as a function of length by position sensitive X-ray fluorescence analysis. The measured overall polarization behaviour was used as a boundary condition for the numerical calculation of the potential distribution along the cylinder using the Laplace equation. By combining the results the partial current density potential curves were established. Experiments performed at different rotation rates confirmed the inhibiting effect of the less noble metal on the deposition of the more noble metal. The inhibiting effect of iron on nickel disappeared when iron reached the limiting current. Strong evidence was found that in binary alloy deposition of iron, cobalt and nickel the reaction rate of the less noble metal is promoted by the presence of the more noble component.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003416328942
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    Electrodeposition of doped solid films of phosphomolybdates (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 29 (1999), S. 1471-1473 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Keywords: electrodeposition ; phosphomolybdates ; solid films
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003806808008
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  • 31
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    Electrodeposition of Zn and In onto vitreous carbon (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 29 (1999), S. 1297-1304 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Keywords: electrodeposition ; indium ; vitreous carbon ; zinc
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract The deposition of indium and zinc on vitreous carbon was studied by voltammetric, galvanostatic and single potentiostatic pulse techniques. The morphology and composition of deposits were analysed by SEM/EDX. The codeposition process occurs without the formation of alloys or intermetallic compounds. On the one hand under stagnant conditions or at low electrode rotation speeds, localized alkalization produced by the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) favours deposition through an indium hydroxide layer, and deposits with the same atomic percentage of In and Zn are attained. On the other hand, under electrode rotation, preferred deposition of Zn takes place. In this case, the reduction of H+ by the In+ species, intermediate in the In3+ reduction process, diminishes the electrochemical HER on the substrate thus favouring Zn deposition. The higher nucleation rate on metallic deposits previously formed on the vitreous carbon surface is also likely.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003777023798
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  • 32
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    Corrosion of cyanide copper deposits on zinc diecastings in acid solutions (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 29 (1999), S. 239-244 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Keywords: acid solution ; copper ; corrosion potential ; cyanide ; electrodeposition ; zinc diecast
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract The corrosion potential and morphology of copper films deposited from a cyanide solution on zinc diecast were studied in acid solutions similar to those employed in industry for the deposition of a second copper layer. Open circuit potential measurements and gravimetric methods were employed to determine the influence of the copper electrodeposition variables on the corrosion potential. The influence of variables such as the presence or absence of additives, the current density and the copper or cyanide concentrations were studied. The corrosion potential decreased with increasing copper film thickness. Less protection was obtained when a thin copper layer was electrodeposited from a solution without additives. Higher protection for the same thickness was obtained from a solution with high cyanide content. This result is related to the strong interaction between cyanides and the metal surface during the electrodeposition. A smooth surface structure was observed by SEM under these conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003417031495
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    Electrodeposition of PbO2 and Bi–PbO2 on Ebonex (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 29 (1999), S. 313-319 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Keywords: bismuth ; benzoquinone ; Ebonex ; electrodeposition ; electrocatalysis ; lead dioxide
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract Electrodeposition of PbO2 and Bi–PbO2 on Ebonex was carried out under various conditions, and the surfaces and coating/substrate interfaces examined by SEM, XPS and SIMS. Excellent adhesion to Ebonex was obtained with both crystalline and amorphous surfaces. Low plating temperatures resulted in dark grey, bright PbO2 and black, mirror-like Bi–PbO2 surfaces. Extrapolation of electrode lifetime test data indicated corrosion rates of 716 μm yr−1 for PbO2 and 158 μm yr−1 for Bi–PbO2.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003461717690
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  • 34
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    Electrodeposition of silver from nitrate solution: Part II. Mechanism of the effect of phosphate ions (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 28 (1998), S. 797-801 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Keywords: electrodeposition ; nitrate solution ; phosphate ion addition ; silver
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract The mechanism of compact Ag-film formation by electrolysis from nitrate solution with addition of small amounts of phosphate ions is elucidated. It is shown that the phosphate ions exert their effect by lowering the exchange current density. Consequently, the radii of nucleation exclusion zones also diminishes, thus producing conditions stimulating electrodeposition of continuous thin Ag-film.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003450604118
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  • 35
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    Electrolytic Formation and Morphology of Biomimetic Apatite Coatings (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of electroceramics 4 (1999), S. 135-140 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8663
    Keywords: apatite ; electrodeposition ; calcium phosphates
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Calcium-deficient apatite has been cathodically deposited on SUS stainless steel from an acidic calcium phosphate solution. The resulting apatite porous coatings were characterized morphologically, compositionally and structurally. The porous coatings were modified into dense coatings by immersion in an aqueous supersaturated calcium phosphate solution.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009975129238
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  • 36
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    Thick-Film Processing for Tl-Oxide Wire and Tape (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of superconductivity 11 (1998), S. 173-180 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9605
    Keywords: Thick-Film ; electrodeposition ; textured substrates ; Tl-oxides
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Thick-film processing techniques such as electrodeposition, electrophoresis, spray pyrolysis, and ink spraying offer promising and economic (〈$10/kAm) approaches for fabricating high-temperature superconducting (HTS) wire or tape for the Tl-oxide superconductors. The performance of the Tl system exceeds that for the Bi-oxides and offers easier fabrication than YBCO. Scale up, however, may be difficult because of the need for open tape conductors with aligned microstructures. The Tl-oxides, moreover, offer the potential for operation at 77K in practical magnetic fields of 3-5 T, which is supported by measurements on the irreversibility behavior of the Tl-1223 single layer compound with Pb, Bi, and Sr substitution. Recent advances in the development of biaxial textured electrodeposited films on Ag coated single crystal substrates are discussed. This paper will review the merits for a near-term Tl-oxide based conductor for use in HTS electric power applications, currently under development, such as the transformer and transmission cable. Recent results for the buffer layer development that would provide an oriented ceramic layer or template on a flexible textured nickel substrate utilizing the “RABiTS” substrates developed by ORNL will then be discussed with a projection for the cost of a “long length” thick-film process using electrodeposition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1022660130028
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