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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Can a costly reporting system make environmental enforcement more efficient? (1995)
    Springer
    Stochastic environmental research and risk assessment 9 (1995), S. 151-170 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-3259
    Keywords: Environmental regulation ; compliance ; game theory ; whistle-blowing ; reporting system ; water quality management
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract A formal mathematical model is developed to ascertain the effectiveness of a reporting system for improving the enforcement of environmental laws and regulations when reports are costly. To model realistic enforcement problems arising over environmental issues such as compliance to water and air quality standards, a formal enforcement model is constructed using concepts from probability and statistics, non-cooperative game theory, and economics. In order to demonstrate clearly the benefits gained when an environmental agency takes advantage of a reporting system, a formal enforcement model with a costly reporting system is rigorously compared to one with no reporting system. The calculation and comparison of Nash equilibria for a range of values of model parameters indicates under what conditions a reporting system can be truly effective. Overall, it is found that a reporting system, such as whistle-blowing, can be helpful for reducing violations of environmental standards, thereby maintaining better environmental quality.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01585604
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Control and game-theoretic assessment of climate change: Options for Joint Implementation (2000)
    Springer
    Annals of operations research 97 (2000), S. 203-212 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9338
    Keywords: conflict ; cooperation ; energy economics ; environmental control ; game theory ; resource allocation ; system dynamics ; 90-99 ; 90A16 ; 90A30 ; 90D50 ; 93C55 ; 93C95
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Notes: Abstract The Framework Convention on Climate Change (FCCC) demands reductions in greenhouse gas emissions by the industrialized countries, while developing countries are still permitted to expand their energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. To identify, assess and compare options for avoiding and minimizing anthropogenic climate change, the framework of dynamic-game models (the SCX conflict model and the problem-specific TEM model) is applied to analyze the interaction between energy technologies, emission reductions and economic output with regard to energy use and the relationship between conflict and cooperation in climate policy. Basic variables are energy production, emissions into the enviroment, the energy price and the economic output. Major control parameters are the allocation of funding with regard to various energy options and the degree of international cooperation through technology transfer and capital flow. In particular, the impact of cooperation between industrialized and developing countries is evaluated to understand the role of governments in the transition to sustainable market economies. Simulations and numerical results are presented which can be used in a constructive way to implement a Joint-Implementation Program as an advanced market institution.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018940627463
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interconnected games and international environmental problems, II (1994)
    Springer
    Annals of operations research 54 (1994), S. 97-117 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9338
    Keywords: Modelling ; interconnection ; side payments ; game theory ; environment ; transboundary pollution ; multiple objective games ; repeated games ; tensor games ; tradeoff ; Pareto equilibrium ; Nash equilibrium ; Folk theorem ; prisoners' dilemma ; JEL C70 ; Q28
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Notes: Abstract Some features of international environmental problems are considered. A basic problem is to induce countries to adopt a cooperative approach. One of the instruments to induce countries to cooperate is an exchange of concessions in fields of relative strengths, such as swapping trade concessions for cooperation on international environmental problems. This instrument will be modelled in this paper with tensor games. Both tradeoff and non-tradeoff tensor games will be addressed, with emphasis on tradeoff tensor games with linear strict weights. The relationship between the Pareto equilibria of a non-tradeoff tensor game and the Nash equilibria of the associated tradeoff tensor games will be studied. Due to structural similarities between tensor games and repeated multiple objective games, some attention will also be paid to the latter. Relationships between objects related to Folk theorems for the tradeoff tensor game with completely additive weights and the corresponding objects for its constituting isolated games will be studied. Since many international environmental problems have prisoners' dilemma characteristics, it is analyzed how interconnection may enhance cooperation in prisoners' dilemma games.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02031729
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the core of the minimum cost steiner tree game in networks (1995)
    Springer
    Annals of operations research 57 (1995), S. 233-249 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9338
    Keywords: Steiner tree ; game theory ; cost allocation ; integer programming ; linear programming
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Notes: Abstract A cost allocation problem arising from the Steiner Tree (ST) problem in networks is analyzed. This cost allocation problem is formulated as a cost cooperative game in characteristic function form, referred to as theST-game. The class ofST games generalizes the class of minimum cost spanning tree games which were used in the literature to analyze a variety of cost allocation problems. In general, the core of anST-game may be empty. We construct an efficient Core Heuristic to compute a “good” lower bound on the maximum fraction of the total cost that can be distributed among users while satisfying the core constraints. Based on the Core Heuristic, we also provide a sufficient condition for a givenST not to be optimal for the linear programming relaxation of an integer programming formulation of theST problem. The Core Heuristic was implemented and tested on 76 data sets from the literature (Wong's, Aneja's and Beasley's Steiner tree problems). Core points were found for 69 of these cases, and points “close” to the core were computed in the others.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02099700
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The management of high seas fisheries (2000)
    Springer
    Annals of operations research 94 (2000), S. 183-196 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9338
    Keywords: fisheries management ; game theory ; Norwegian spring‐spawning herring ; straddling and highly migratory stocks ; United Nations
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Notes: Abstract The intergovernmental United Nations Conference on Highly Migratory and Straddling Stocks, initiated in 1993 and finished in 1995, addressed the conservation and management of fishery resources located both within the coastal state 200 mile Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) and the adjacent high seas. These types of marine resources continue to be a source for international conflicts and debates. The original United Nations Law of the Sea of 1982 failed to address transboundary fisheries in a proper way. In particular, the agreement did not recognize the emergence of the complicated “straddling stock” issue. In the new United Nations Law of the Sea agreement of 1995, a consensus was reached that the management of the straddling and highly migratory fish stocks should be carried out through regional fisheries management organizations. We present a review of the straddling stock issues in the international agreement emerging from the negotiations within the United Nations. The review is contrasted with and clarified by game theoretic analyses. We also discuss one international fishery exemplifying the case, the Norwegian spring‐spawning herring. The main conclusion is that the local problems, faced during the stage of setting up regional fisheries organizations for the management of straddling and highly migratory fish stocks, are expected to be much more complicated and difficult to solve as compared to the cases of “shared fish stocks”. In the current paper, we present two reasons for this increased complexity. The first is the larger number of players as compared to the case of “shared fish stocks” and the second is the possibility of new members entering the regional fisheries organizations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018925302021
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dominant Competitive Factors for evaluating program efficiency in grouped data (1997)
    Springer
    Annals of operations research 73 (1997), S. 253-276 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9338
    Keywords: Data Envelopment Analysis ; game theory ; efficiency ; linear programming
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Notes: Abstract Dominant Competitive Factors, unique solutions to a new class of two-person ratio efficiency games, are introduced as a means for distinguishing exceptional aspects of individual performance. The vectors of input-output multipliers thus obtained may be analyzed collectively so that commonalities within groups and differences across groups may be discovered. The method is applied to "Program Follow-Through", the original impetus for developing Data Envelopment Analysis. Our results are compared with those of the earlier study, whereupon substantial new insights are obtained.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018933329202
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ben & Jerry's: A case study in Catholic Social Teaching? (1996)
    Springer
    International journal of value-based management 9 (1996), S. 133-140 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8528
    Keywords: catholic social teaching ; business ethics ; human resource management ; employment relation ; social justice
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract For more than a century, Popes have spoken to the issue of proper treatment of employees. Through several encyclicals, they have collectively constructed a framework that offers specific guidance for the management of human resources. Ben & Jerry's Homemade, Inc. is a successful producer of super-premium ice cream. Although it in no way professes to practice Catholic Social Teaching in its management, the parallels between its approach and the Catholic model are striking. This article explores those parallels to contemplate to what extent an organization can realistically implement Catholic Social Teaching in a competitive environment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00440150
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Why management professors (should) teach ethics in the classroom (1996)
    Springer
    International journal of value-based management 9 (1996), S. 141-152 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8528
    Keywords: business ethics ; moral management ; teaching ethics ; management training ; classroom ethics ; macromorality ; micromorality
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract This article explains in comprehensive macro and micro terms why business management professors teach or should be teaching ethics as part of their classroom subject matter. Ten different perspectives, starting with transcendental and global, and ending with departmental and individual, are presented in convincing fashion. Ethics is an extremely popular topic today inside and outside of business schools. This article summarizes why; and it attempts to encourage professors who are not yet a part of the new environmental-ethical era of the 1990s to join the movement.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00440151
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Religious Business Ethics as Interpretation: A Jewish Perspective (1997)
    Springer
    International journal of value-based management 10 (1997), S. 9-29 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8528
    Keywords: business ethics ; Jewish ; religious ; community ; transformation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract This paper examines the method of Jewish business ethics. MichaelWalzer, in his work, Interpretation and Social Criticism (1987), suggeststhree common and important approaches to moral philosophy. He labels thesethe path of discovery, the path of invention, and the path ofinterpretation. The first part of this paper argues that Jewish businessethics is best thought of in terms of interpretation. Without question, thereligious ethicist immediately recognizes Walzer‘s metaphor of the moralworld as a ’home occupied by a single family over many generations... ‘as his own. Ethical arguments from a Jewish perspective must of necessityhave a ’lived-in quality‘ and always make reference to and are based on the’memory-laden objects and artifacts.‘ The second part of the paper exploressome of the implications of Jewish business ethics as interpretation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007756901486
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dealing with Ethical Dilemmas in Organizational Change Processes (1997)
    Springer
    International journal of value-based management 10 (1997), S. 173-192 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8528
    Keywords: business ethics ; ethical dilemmas ; moral policies ; principled and pragmatic approach ; responsible decision making ; reconcile different responsibilities ; organizational change ; field of tension
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract Several theories exist on how managers think aboutethical responsibilities in a business environment.Some stress the economic way of thinking and explainwhy there is no space for moral reasoning in abusiness environment. Others claim that in a businessenvironment also moral considerations can play animportant role. In this article, we will explore theway managers have actually dealt with potentialdilemmas in organizational change processes,especially changes with drastic consequences foremployees. Do managers consider moral arguments? Dothey feel a moral responsibility towards theiremployees? And in what way do they include a moralresponsibility in the decision process and itsoutcomes? These questions were investigated throughcase studies in two organisations and interviews withsix managers in other companies. The framework whichis used in the research will be described and the mainresults of the field-research will be presented. Wedid find that managers actually strived to some extentfor fair and morally responsible solutions in dilemmasituations, but in another way then we expectedbeforehand. Managers did not base their acting onmoral arguments. Instead they used a more pragmaticapproach wherein acting in a morally responsible wayis based on strategic arguments, such as the positiveeffects for the organisation in the long run.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007785021932
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