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  • Articles  (93)
  • monoclonal antibody  (47)
  • serum-free medium  (37)
  • Lepidoptera
  • temperature
  • Springer  (93)
  • Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology  (89)
  • Nature of Science, Research, Systems of Higher Education, Museum Science  (4)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Torch-light Transect Surveys for Moths (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of insect conservation 3 (1999), S. 15-24 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9753
    Keywords: census ; conservation ; Lepidoptera ; population monitoring ; survey techniques
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Nature of Science, Research, Systems of Higher Education, Museum Science
    Notes: Abstract The use of light traps in sampling moth populations is an established technique used by entomologists and ecologists. However, trap data partly reflect the variable attractiveness of UV light to different species of moth. There are also potential problems of the practicality and expense of running traps in certain locations. An alternative method of recording moth populations is developed, using a modification of the transect count technique used for butterflies (Pollard and Yates, 1993) and recently applied to moths (Spalding, 1997). During transects, moths were observed by torch-light in a 5 by 5 m box, before the recorder walked on for 10 paces, and recorded moths in the next 5 m box. The transect approach was tested in the field, alongside traditional light trap and sugar methods. Transects recorded moth species for relatively little effort, produced repeatable measures of relative density, and provided habitat-specific data. This approach is likely to provide a valuable addition to light trapping in biodiversity inventories, species surveys, and in monitoring the effects of habitat management for conservation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009674321237
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bias in Butterfly Distribution Maps: The Influence of Hot Spots and Recorder's Home Range (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of insect conservation 4 (2000), S. 73-77 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9753
    Keywords: mapping ; database ; bias recording ; Lepidoptera
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Nature of Science, Research, Systems of Higher Education, Museum Science
    Notes: Abstract We use data from the Mersey Valley zone (3×2 km area; N = 600 I ha squares) of the Greater Manchester butterfly atlas to investigate whether recorder visits are biased by access (viz. distance from recorder's home base) and by the locations of potential hot spots. In a multiple regression analysis, visits were found to correlate significantly both with distance from home base of the recorder and with the mean and maximum number of species found in squares. Sites close to the home base of the recorder were visited more frequently than those further afield and squares with more species were visited more frequently than those squares with fewer species. Visits were also made significantly more frequently to squares with greater numbers of butterfly resources (e.g. hostplants, nectar). Furthermore, recording is biased to and away from distinct land uses, which vary significantly in species richness. Reasons are given why these biases are to be expected at all scales. The message is that future distribution mapping should be based on rigorous sampling approaches.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009690919835
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An inflated conservation load for European butterflies: increases in rarity and endemism accompany increases in species richness (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of insect conservation 1 (1997), S. 43-62 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9753
    Keywords: Lepidoptera ; biogeography ; endemism ; conservation ; butterflies
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Nature of Science, Research, Systems of Higher Education, Museum Science
    Notes: Abstract The addition of species to the European butterfly list since 1983 has resulted in a number of highly significant changes. Most important are the increases in the number and proportion of endemics and of rare species, and a regional excess of species and endemics for southern Europe compared to northern Europe. There is also a surplus of Lycaenidae and Satyridae compared to other families, and an increase in species per genus associated with the reduction in genera. These additions raise two issues. First, the potential conservation load for European butterflies is inflated at species level. This is especially the case for southern Europe, which has disproportionate increases in rare and endemic species, more particularly if rarity and endemism are found to equate with threat of extinction. Second, the inflation in rarity and endemism suggests that there is a trend to promote ever more local populations (races, subspecies) to species. The taxonomic status of species being added to the list, a quarter of which are regarded as doubtful, is increasingly difficult to determine. Consequently, there is a danger that this may call into question the validity and objectivity of taxonomic practices, and of databases dependent on them, used by conservation. Revision of higher and lower butterfly taxa is urgently required.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018474824448
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bias in Butterfly Distribution Maps: The Effects of Sampling Effort (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of insect conservation 3 (1999), S. 33-42 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9753
    Keywords: mapping ; database ; bias recording ; monitoring ; Lepidoptera
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Nature of Science, Research, Systems of Higher Education, Museum Science
    Notes: Abstract Data from the Greater Manchester Butterfly Atlas (UK) reveal a highly significant and substantial impact of visits on both species' richness and species' incidence in squares. This effect has been demonstrated for three different zones mapped at different scales. The significant impact of number of visits persists when data are amalgamated for coarser scales. The findings demonstrate that it is essential for distribution mapping projects to record data on recording effort as well as on the target organisms. Suggestions are made as to how distribution mapping may be improved, including a geographically and environmentally representative structure of permanently monitored squares and closer links between distribution mapping and the Butterfly Monitoring Scheme (BMS), which primarily monitors changes in butterfly populations. The benefit to conservation will be data that can be better used to analyse the reasons for changes in ranges and distributions, fundamental for determining priorities and policy decisions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009678422145
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Production of monoclonal antibodies and ELISA for thebaine and codeine (1995)
    Springer
    Cytotechnology 19 (1995), S. 55-61 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0778
    Keywords: codeine ; ELISA ; monoclonal antibody ; opium alkaloid ; qualitative analysis ; thebaine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract The ratio of hapten and bovine serum albumin in antigen conjugate was exactly determined by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry. Monoclonal antibodies against thebaine and codeine were produced by hybridoma fused with the sprenocytes immunized with thebaine- and codeine-bovine serum albumin conjugate and HAT-sensitive mouse myeloma cell line, P3-X63-Ag8-653. No cross-reaction of anti-thebaine antibody against morphine was observed. Very small cross-reaction appeared in codeine (0.004%). The cross-reaction of anti-codeine antibody against morphine and thebaine was 2.97 and 5.98%, respectively. The full measuring range of the assay extends from 60 pg mL to 1 ng mL for thebaine and 1 ng mL to 100 ng mL for codeine.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00749755
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stabile production of a thrombin resistant pro-urokinase derivative (PRO-UKS1) by Namalwa KJM-1 cells adapted to serum-free medium (1995)
    Springer
    Cytotechnology 19 (1995), S. 1-10 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0778
    Keywords: Namalwa KJM-1 cells ; pro-urokinase ; thrombin resistant ; pro-UKS1 ; stable production ; culture conditions ; serum-free medium
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract Pro-UKS1 was designed as a thrombin-resistant derivative of pro-urokinase (pro-UK) by introducing a glycosylation site using site-directed mutagenesis. An expression plasmid for pro-UKS1, pMo1UKS1SEd1-5, was constructed and introduced into Namalwa KJM-1 cells (Hosoiet al., 1988), and cells resistant to G418 and Methotrexate (MTX) were obtained. Amongst them, the highest pro-UKS1 producer (resistant to 500 nM of MTX), clone 41-8, was selected and further characterized. Clone 41-8 was cultured in serum-free ITPSGF medium (Hosoiet al., 1988). Under the conventional conditions, the concentration of pro-UKS1 reached 26 μg ml−1. Addition of glucose and tri-iodothyronine (T3) improved productivity, and the maximal productivity of pro-UKS1 was 67 μg ml−1 day−1. In this conditioned medium, content of pro-UKS1 was above 80% of total proteins.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00749750
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High density culture of mouse-human hybridoma cells using a perfusion culture apparatus with multi-settling zones to separate cells from the culture medium (1989)
    Springer
    Cytotechnology 2 (1989), S. 5-8 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0778
    Keywords: hybridoma ; monoclonal antibody ; perfusion culture ; mammalian cell culture ; serum-free culture
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract Mouse-human hybridoma X87X cells were cultivated using a novel perfusion culture apparatus provided with three-settling zones to separate the cells from the culture medium by gravitational settling. The maximum viable cell density in a serum-free culture medium attained 3.0×107 cells/ml, when the specific perfusion rate was set to 2.3 vol day-1, and monoclonal antibody was continuously produced. These results were almost the same as those in the perfusion culture vessel with one settling zone and revealed that the process with a plurality of settling zones is a promising one for scale-up of a gravitation type of perfusion culture vessel.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00365409
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    SSGF-I, a potent growth-promoting substance for mammalian cells from swine serum (1989)
    Springer
    Cytotechnology 2 (1989), S. 9-17 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0778
    Keywords: heterohybridoma ; LDL ; monoclonal antibody ; serum-free medium ; PEG ; swine serum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract A small amount of swine serum markedly stimulated cell growth for high productivity subclones derived from a mouse human-human heterohybridoma, N12-16.63, secreting an anti-tetanus toxoid human monoclonal antibody in a polyethylene glycol (PEG)-containing serum-free medium, PEG-86-1. A growth promoting substance, SSGF-I, was isolated from the serum by ammonium sulfate fractionation, Cibacron blue F3A-G affinity chromatography, DEAE-agarose ion exchange chromatography, and gel filtrations on Trisacryl GF 2000 and Sephacryl S-300. SSGF-I was characterized as a low density lipoprotein (LDL) of swine serum by its physico-chemical properties. It promoted cell growth synergistically with PEG and its optimum concentration was 1 to 100μg/ml. Human LDL was less active, and human or swine high density lipoprotein (HDL) and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) were inactive. Based on these results, we propose an improved serum-free medium, PEG-86-3, which contains all the ingredients of PEG-86-1 and 10μg/ml SSGF-I. This medium is useful for not only high productivity heterohybridomas but also for a variety of lymphoid cell lines.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00365410
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A serum-free medium for hybridoma cell culture (1993)
    Springer
    Cytotechnology 11 (1993), S. 169-174 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0778
    Keywords: cell culture ; hybridoma ; monoclonal antibody ; serum-free medium
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract The effects of several different substances, including insulin, transferrin, ethanolamine, selenite and butyrate on the growth of murine hybridoma 2F7 cells, which secrete monoclonal antibody against small cell lung cancer, were investigated, and a serum-free medium SFMI was formulated. The effects of taurine, spermidine, progesterone and adenine on the cell growth were tested further on the basis of the medium SFMI, and a modified serum-free medium SFM II was established. On the basis of medium SFM II, the substitution tests of ferric citrate for transferrin were carried out, and it was found that transferrin could be replaced. The experiments suggested that the formulated serum-free medium was suitable for 2F7 cell growth and monoclonal antibody secretion, and thus facilitated subsequent purification of monoclonal antibody.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00749866
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Growth of cells in a new defined protein-free medium (1993)
    Springer
    Cytotechnology 11 (1993), S. 219-231 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0778
    Keywords: cell culture ; chelators ; metal ion buffer ; serum-free medium ; serum replacement (serum substitute) ; trace elements
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract The development of a new stable synthetic serum replacement (SSR) is described, which allows the cultivation of mammalian cells in a defined, protein-free medium containing only dialyzable components. With a low concentration of insulin (RPMI-SR2 medium), growth rates of the transformed cell lines L929, HELA S3, and the hybridoma 1E6 were comparable to growth rates obtained with a serum-containing medium. The same medium also supported long-term cultivation of non-dividing mouse macrophages. The main principle of SSR is a metal ion buffer containing a balanced mixture of iron and trace metals. Stability against precipitation of important metals is achieved by the combined use of EDTA and citric acid as chelating agents. Efficient iron supply is mediated through the inclusion of the compound Aurintricarboxylic acid as a synthetic replacement for transferrin. SSR also contains a growth-promoting surfactant, Pluronic F68. Thus SSR provides a general foundation for growth and differentiation normally provided by serum. Limitations of other serum-free medium designs are discussed here: 1) the inability of transferrin to chelate all metals in the medium; and 2) the use of inorganic iron salts or iron citrate as an iron supplement leads to rapid precipitation of iron hydroxide in the medium. Both these problems are solved in the design of SSR.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00749873
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