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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ecological stability and community diversity during mormon colonization of the Little Colorado River Basin (1987)
    Springer
    Human ecology 15 (1987), S. 317-338 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9915
    Keywords: productivity ; diversity ; stability ; maintenance costs
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Ethnic Sciences
    Notes: Abstract By describing the ecological implications of Mormon settlement in the Little Colorado River Basin, the paper demonstrates: (1) the application of general ecological concepts in human ecology, (2) the ecological basis for the evolution of complex human communities, (3) the interactive, hierarchical relationship between community diversity and environmental stability, and (4) the positive contribution that human ecology can make to the general discussion of diversity and stability in ecological systems. The paper gives a brief description of Mormon colonization in the Little Colorado River Basin. Local differences in community development are then related to environmental variation within the basin and compared to general ecological research expectations. The implications of community development in this region for explaining the relationship between diversity and stability in ecological systems are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00888029
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reconsidering the green revolution: Diversity and stability in cradle areas of crop domestication (1992)
    Springer
    Human ecology 20 (1992), S. 145-167 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9915
    Keywords: agriculture ; development ; diversity ; stability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Ethnic Sciences
    Notes: Abstract This paper reconsiders two widely held hypotheses about the effects of the green revolution, that it led to biological simplification and instability. The hypothesis of biological simplification (genetic erosion) is tested with evidence from Andean agriculture, where farmers maintain a significant degree of crop diversity even as they adopt modern crop varieties. The hypothesis of increased instability is tested with evidence from Asia where wheat and rice yields show no general pattern of increased instability. Neither of these hypotheses is confirmed. The conventional wisdom about the green revolution should be reconsidered with emphasis on resilience and variation in modernizing farming systems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00889077
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Does the Swidden Ape the Jungle? (1983)
    Springer
    Human ecology 11 (1983), S. 1-12 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9915
    Keywords: Agriculture ; cultural ecology ; South America ; intercropping ; diversity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Ethnic Sciences
    Notes: Abstract Results of recent ethnographic research in indigenous agricultural systems in the South American tropical forests indicate that the Geertzian model of the highly intercropped swidden that mimics the tropical forest it replaces is not the appropriate description of the agricultural regimes of several rainforest peoples. A model is proposed relating degree of intercropping to amount of agricultural labor.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00891227
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Zinc and human development: A review (1975)
    Springer
    Human ecology 3 (1975), S. 43-57 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9915
    Keywords: zinc ; nutrition ; growth ; central nervous system malformations
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Ethnic Sciences
    Notes: Abstract In the last few years, considerable evidence has been obtained regarding the importance of zinc in human nutrition. Zinc is an important component of many metalloenzymes and is also required for metabolism of nucleic acids and synthesis of protein. Human requirements for zinc vary at different times in development, but appear to be particularly high during embryonic life, during periods of rapid growth, and during pregnancy. Although zinc is widely distributed in foods, a number of types of diets appear to be deficient or marginal in terms of available zinc. In addition, there is physiological loss of zinc in bleeding and sweating which may lead to low levels of body zinc. A syndrome characterized by markedly retarded growth and sexual development that occurs in the Middle East has been shown to be due to zinc deficiency. This syndrome is reviewed. It is thought that the zinc deficiency syndrome is only one end of a continuum of growth-related problems associated with low levels of physiologically available zinc. In rats, zinc deficiency during pregnancy has been shown to lead to congenital malformations in a large percentage of the offspring. A number of these malformations involve the central nervous system. We have suggested that epidemiological data support the possible importance of maternal zinc deficiency as an etiological factor in human CNS malformations. These data are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01531772
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Agricultural development and maize diversity in Mexico (1988)
    Springer
    Human ecology 16 (1988), S. 307-328 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9915
    Keywords: diversity ; maize ; Mexico ; development
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Ethnic Sciences
    Notes: Abstract Mexico is within the center of origin of Zea mays and has among the highest levels of maize genetic diversity in the world. This diversity is traced to factors at the regional and farm levels. Loss of crop genetic diversity has been related to economic and agricultural development, although opposed views of this exist for the Mexican case. Agricultural development appears to be affecting virtually all types of farms in Mexico. A case study in Chiapas suggests that the adoption of some improved varieties has enhanced genetic diversity in maize, but one improved type competes with landraces in the most favorable land. The adoption of this improved type is associated with greater access to capital and with lower risk.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00888449
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ethnobotany of Atlantic Forest Coastal Communities: II. Diversity of Plant Uses at Sepetiba Bay (SE Brazil) (1997)
    Springer
    Human ecology 25 (1997), S. 353-360 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9915
    Keywords: ethnobotany ; diversity ; island biogeography theory ; fishing community ; Atlantic Forest
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Ethnic Sciences
    Notes: Abstract This is an ethnobotanical study of Atlantic Forest coastal communities located at Sepetiba Bay, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. Atlantic Forest remnants are top priority conservation areas, and include native communities that depend on fish and small-scale agriculture. We conducted fieldwork in the community of Calhaus (Jaguanum Island) from 1989 to 1991, and interviewed adults on their use of plants. We examined the diversity of medicinal plants used among communities of different islands and found results similar to previous research at Gamboa (Itacuruçá Island); communities living in smaller islands and on islands further from the coast use a lower diversity of plants. Also, older islanders show a deeper knowledge of medicinal plants than younger islanders.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1021934408466
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A comparison of the diversity of Jivaroan Gardens with that of the tropical forest (1983)
    Springer
    Human ecology 11 (1983), S. 47-68 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9915
    Keywords: Intercropping ; manioc ; Jivaro ; diversity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Ethnic Sciences
    Notes: Abstract The proposition that tropical polycultural gardens simulate the structure and dynamics of the surrounding forest is examined in the light of research on Jivaroan manioc cultivation. Garden transects were used to measure the diversity of intercropped species and of locally recognized varieties of manioc. Huambisa and Aguaruna Jivaro gardens have much lower species diversities than the surrounding forest, even though crop compositions reflect the age, topography, and soil type of the swiddens. Furthermore, the number of manioc varieties is far greater than that of all other crop species combined. It is argued that a pure stand of Jivaroan manioc can itself be considered a polycrop of distinct cultivars with differing branching patterns, leaf shapes, and growth periods.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00891230
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Barí Swidden gardens: Crop Segregation patterns (1983)
    Springer
    Human ecology 11 (1983), S. 85-101 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9915
    Keywords: Agriculture ; swidden ; diversity ; intercropping ; South America
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Ethnic Sciences
    Notes: Abstract The proposition that tropical forest swidden gardens mimic the extraordinary species diversity of the forest by the use of extensive intercropping is examined in the light of the field architecture of the Barí, a people of the Maracaibo basin. Barí fields manifest annular zonation rather than intercropping. It is concluded that Barí horticulture is an inversion of the jungle rather than an imitation of it.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00891232
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ethnobotany of Atlantic Forest coastal communities: Diversity of plant uses in Gamboa (Itacuruçá island, Brazil) (1993)
    Springer
    Human ecology 21 (1993), S. 419-430 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9915
    Keywords: ethnobotany ; diversity ; island biogeography theory ; fishing community ; Atlantic Forest
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Ethnic Sciences
    Notes: Abstract Local plants are a very important resource for the community of Gamboa, located at Itacuruçá Island, Sepetiba Bay, State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Ninety species of plants, belonging to 40 families, are used for a variety of purposes, such as food, construction, handicraft, and medicine. In a survey medicinal uses for plants were the most quoted by the community. Uses of medicinal plants within Gamboa and with other coastal communities are analyzed using diversity indices. Use by different categories of people based on sex, age, and economic activity was compared and significant differences were found among the groups compared, except for economic categories (fishermen and non-fishermen). The theory of island biogeography is shown to be useful for analyzing different levels of resource uses on different islands.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00891142
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intensification through diversified resource use: The human ecology of a successful agricultural industry in Indonesian Borneo (1987)
    Springer
    Human ecology 15 (1987), S. 27-51 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9915
    Keywords: human ecology ; success ; seasonality ; intensification ; rural development ; diversity ; stability ; flexibility ; duck farming
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Ethnic Sciences
    Notes: Abstract The success of an agricultural industry in commercial duck egg production in the swamplands of South Kalimantan (Borneo) is examined through the utilization of a human ecology framework. Seasonality of resource availability and human population growth are identified as two major constraints to production faced by farmers. Population increases in the urban sectors of southeastern Borneo also present economic opportunities for farmers because of the growing demand for poultry products. Farmers have responded by developing an intensification strategy in egg production based on the use of diversified resources for duck feed. The long-term consequences of these and other innovations in duck farming are discussed; and diversity-stability theory is examined for its applicability to this case of agricultural development and for rural development theory and practice.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00891370
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