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  • Articles  (2,092)
  • Ultrastructure  (1,289)
  • Immunocytochemistry  (785)
  • growth
  • wheat
  • Springer  (2,092)
  • Medicine  (2,092)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Einflüsse purinreicher Ernährung auf Gewichtsentwicklung, Kataboliten im Blutplasma und den Harnsäuretransport von Erythrozyten — eine Modellstudie an Hunden (1990)
    Springer
    European journal of nutrition 29 (1990), S. 135-146 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Keywords: purinreiche Nahrung ; Wachstum ; Metaboliten ; Harnsäuretransport ; Hund ; purine-rich diet ; growth ; metabolites ; uric acid transport ; dog
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary In a nutritional tolerance study 36 young dogs were fed over 52 weeks high or low purine diets at an average paired feeding intake of 0.6 and 80 mg purine-N/MJ per day. The high purine diet resulted in a significant decrease of growth rate by −23 % (Beagles) and −38 % (Dalmatians) and of feed efficiency (−29 and −42 %). The fasting levels of allantoin, uric acid and uracil in blood plasma were significantly increased. During the experiment a metabolic adaptation to the high purine diet decreased the plasma concentrations of uric acid, uracil and in part of allantoin. The high purine diet effected a significant increase of Km (2.5-fold) and of Vmax (1.6-fold) of uric transport through the erythrocyte membrane. The results documented disadvantageous effects of high purine nutrition during juvenile development.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung In einer Verträglichkeitsstudie erhielten 36 junge Hunde über 52 Wochen eine purinreiche oder purinarme Diät mit durchschnittlich 6 bzw. 80 mg Purin-N/MJ pro Tag bei gruppengleicher Aufnahme („paired feeding“). Die Hochpurin-Diät führte zu einer signifikanten Verminderung der Gewichtsentwicklung um −23% (Beagles) bzw. −38% (Dalmatiner) und der Futterverwertung (−29 bzw. −42%) sowie zu einer signifikanten Erhöhung der Nüchternwerte von Allantoin, Harnsäure und Uracil im Blutplasma. Während der Versuchsdauer machte sich eine metabolische Adaptation an die Hochpurin-Diät mit signifikanter Erniedrigung von Harnsäure, Uracil und teils auch Allantoin im Plasma bemerkbar. Die Hochpurin-Diät bewirkte eine signifikante Zunahme der Km (2,6fach) und Vmax (1,6fach) des Harnsäuretransports durch die Erythrozytenmembran. Die Ergebnisse belegen nachteilige Effekte purinreicher Ernährung während der Jugendentwicklung.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02021669
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Partitioning of fat and protein in energy retention of growing animals (1997)
    Springer
    European journal of nutrition 36 (1997), S. 299-302 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Keywords: Energy retention ; protein retention ; fat retention ; growth ; body composition ; broilers ; Energieansatz ; Proteinansatz ; Fettansatz ; Wachstum ; Körperzusammensetzung ; Broiler
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Mit steigender Aufnahme erhöht sich der Körperfettgehalt und der Körperproteingehalt nimmt ab. Es wird oft angenommen, daß jede Zunahme im Ansatz mit mehr Fett und weniger Protein verbunden ist. Experimentelle Ergebnisse widerlegen jedoch diese Annahme. In zwei Experimenten mit männlichen Broilerhühnern wurden die Tiere auf einem Niveau von 60 % und 100 % der empfohlenen Energieaufnahme gefüttert. Die Körperzusammensetzung bei 1500 g zeigte, wie erwartet, daß sich bei steigenden Aufnahmen der Körperfettgchalt vergrößert und der Körperproteingehalt abnimmt. Fettund Proteinansatz waren linear mit der totalen Energieretention (ER) korreliert. Das bedeutet, daß jede Zunahme im Ansatz den gleichen Protein- und Fettgehalt besitzt. Wenn der Fettansatz gleich Null ist wird nur Protein, etwa 50 % des maximalen Ansatzes, retiniert. Wenn ER=O ist, wird Protein angesetzt und Fett mobilisiert. Energie-und N-Bilanzuntersuchungen bestätigen die konstante Zusammensetzung jeder Vergrößerung des Ansatzes. Die Ergebnisse beider Experimente zeigen, daß die ER aus zwei Komponenten besteht: einem basalen konstanten täglichen Proteinansatz und einer variablen zusätzlichen ER, die hauptsächlich aus Fett besteht. Der basale Proteinansatz beträgt etwa 50 % des maximalen Ansatzes. Mit steigenden Energieaufnahmen wird der basale Proteinansatz mit einer zusätzlichen Menge von Protein und Fett im konstanten Verhältnis ergänzt.
    Notes: Summary With increasing intakes the body fat content increases and that of protein decreases. It is most often assumed that this is brought about because each increment in retention contains more fat and less protein. Experimental results, however, showed that this explanation is not true. In two experiments male broiler chickens were fed at levels between 60 and 100 % of recommended energy intake. Body composition at 1500 g showed, as expected, that with increasing intakes body fat content increased and protein content decreased. Both fat and protein retention per day were linearly related to total energy retention (ER). This means that each increment in retention has the same protein and fat content. At zero fat retention only protein was retained, about 50 % of maximal retention. At zero ER protein was retained and fat mobilized. Energy and N balance experiments confirmed the constant composition of each increment in retention. The results of both experiments show that total ER consisted of two components: a basic constant daily protein retention and a variable additional ER, mainly consisting of fat. The basic protein retention is about half of maximal retention. With increasing energy intakes the basic protein retention is combined with an additional amount of protein and fat in a constant ratio.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01617802
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nutrient intake and protein metabolism: responses to feeding (1997)
    Springer
    European journal of nutrition 36 (1997), S. 332-335 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Keywords: Nutrient intake ; protein metabolism ; protein synthesis ; growth ; energy expenditures ; Nährstoffaufnahme ; Proteinstoffwechsel ; Proteinsynthese ; Wachstum ; Energieaufwand
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Eine Zunahme von fettfreiem Gewebe tritt auf, wenn die Proteinsynthese größer ist als der Proteinabbau. Obwohl während des Wachstums von der Geburt bis zur Reife die absoluten Proteinsynthese- und -abbauraten ansteigen, nehmen dagegen die fraktionellen Raten ab. Bcide Prozesse reagieren auf die Nährstoffaufnahme. Es gibt aber deutliche Unterschiede zwischen den verschiedenen Geweben. Protein, Kohlenhydrate und Fett können den Proteinansatz bei unreifen Tieren und Kindern stimulieren. Die zugrundeliegenden Mechanismen und die Energieaufwendungen scheinen jedoch unterschiedlich zu sein.
    Notes: Summary Lean tissue growth occurs when the rate of protein synthesis exceeds the rate of protein breakdown. Althoughabsolute rates of protein synthesis and breakdown rise during growth from birth to maturityfractional rates fall. Both these processes are sensitive to nutrient intake but responses to feeding vary greatly amongst different tissues. Protein, carbohydrate and fat can all stimulate body protein accretion in immature animals and in children but the mechanisms by which they do so, and the energy expenditures involved, seem to be different.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01617817
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Occurrence, distribution and nature of neuropeptide Y in the rat pancreas (1985)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 41 (1985), S. 1554-1557 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Immunocytochemistry ; neuropeptide Y ; radioimmunoassay ; rat pancreas
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Significant quantities of a newly discovered peptide, neuropeptide Y, were found in the rat pancreas, where they were localized to nerves in the exocrine parenchyma and around arterial and ductal structures. Although unaffected by surgical parasympathectomy, the periarterial and periductal nerves were abolished by chemical sympathectomy, suggesting that NPY is partially costored with sympathetic transmitters in nerve fibers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01964804
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An extremely cadmium-sensitive strain ofChlorella (1985)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 41 (1985), S. 1621-1621 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Chlorella ; cadmium ; growth
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Growth of 14 strains from fiveChlorella species is rather insensitive towards cadmium. One strain (211-1a) ofC. saccharophila, however, was found to have a sensitivity towards this toxic heavy metal about 100 times higher than that of the other strains ofC. saccharophila.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01964839
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    DNA in wheat seeds from European archaeological sites (1994)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 50 (1994), S. 571-575 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Ancient DNA ; archaeobotany ; carbonized grain ; DNA sequences ; glutenin alleles ; seed proteins ; Triticum ; wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We have used hybridization analysis to detect ancient DNA in wheat seeds collected from three archaeological sites in Europe and the Middle East. One of these samples, carbonizedT. spelta dated to the first millennium BC, has yielded PCR products after amplification with primers directed at the leader regions of the HMW (high molecular weight) glutenin alleles. Sequences obtained from these products suggest that the DNA present in the Danebury seeds is chemically damaged, as expected for ancient DNA, and also indicate that it should be possible to study the genetic variability of archaeological wheat by ancient DNA analysis. Finally, we describe a PCR-based system that enables tetraploid and hexaploid wheats to be distinguished.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01921727
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of 2-β-D-glucosyl-4-hydroxy-7-methoxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one onSchizaphis graminum (rondani) (insecta, aphididae) feeding on artificial diets (1985)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 41 (1985), S. 514-516 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Hydroxamic acid ; cereals ; maize ; wheat ; aphids ; greenbug
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary 2-β-Glucosyl-4-hydroxy-7-methoxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one (DIMBOA-Glc), the main hydroxamic acid from maize and wheat, and its aglucone, decreased survival ofSchizaphis graminum reared on artificial diets. Both compounds were toxic for aphids and acted as feeding deterrents, at concentrations as low as 1 mM. The natural concentrations of glucosides of hydroxamic acids in wheat leaves reach up to 6 mmoles/kg fresh weight, thus falling within the range in which DIMBOA-Glc causes delecterious effects to diet-fed aphids.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01966177
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Growth and the average duration of larval life in the southern hemisphere lamprey,Geotria australis Gray (1986)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 42 (1986), S. 1170-1173 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Lampreys ; Geotria australis ; ammocoetes ; larval life ; growth ; metamorphosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The average duration of larval life in the anadromous lamprey,Geotria australis (the sole representative of the Geotriidae) is estimated as 41/4 years. Compared with other lampreys, the ammocoetes ofG. australis have a slow growth rate, increase in length during the year preceding metamorphosis and typically enter metamorphosis at a small mean length (〈100 mm) and weight (〈1.2 g).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01941297
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructure of differentiating preameloblasts from tooth germs of the permanent dentition ofMacaca mulatta andMacaca arctoides (1981)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 33 (1981), S. 603-618 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Preameloblasts ; Tooth germs ; Monkey ; Enamel ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary Cytodifferentiation of inner enamel epithelium and the adjacent connective tissue from the tip of the cervical loop to the initiation of enamel elaboration in twoMacaca species was examined. Ten- to twelve-month-old specimens were fixed by perfusion and the permanent tooth buds were prepared for transmission electron microscopy. At the cervical loop proper, inner enamel epithelium cells have lobed nuclei, a paucity of cytoplasm, and wide extracellular spaces; the basal lamina facing the dental papilla is straight. With increasing distance from the tip of the cervical loop, the following changes occur gradually: (a) preameloblasts elongate from 15 to 45 µm, and their organelles, particularly mitochondria and profiles of rough endoplasmic reticulum, become more numerous; (b) extracellular spaces decrease between preameloblasts starting at the basal (infranuclear) end; (c) the basement membrane becomes convoluted and associated with aperiodic fibers; (d) preodontoblast projections penetrate the aperiodic fibers; (e) collagen fibers subjacent to the basement membrane increase in density, with particularly thick fibers paralleling the aperiodic fibers. These modifications occur within three-fourths of the distance from the tip of the cervical loop to the mineralization front. The condensation of preodontoblasts is followed immediately by predentin synthesis. Concomitantly, the basement membrane breaks down and the aperiodic fibers are engulfed by preameloblasts. Preameloblast projections penetrate junctional predentin, contact mineralized dentin, and enamel synthesis ensues. At this stage the ameloblast is 45 µm long, the nucleus is central or basal, the Golgi apparatus has migrated apically, but the Tomes' process has not yet formed. The results indicate that odontogenesis inMacaca monkeys more closely resembles human odontogenesis than does that in the murine rodents.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02409498
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The structure of some bivalve shell carbonates prepared by ion-beam thinning (1972)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 10 (1972), S. 38-48 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Bivalve ; Molluse ; Shell ; Carbonates ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé La technique du bombardement à l'aide d'ion d'argon est utilisée pour réduire l'épaisseur de la coquille de carbonate de calcium des bivalvesMytilus etMercenaria pour examen au microscope électronique par transmission et en diffraction électronique; une comparaison est réalisée à l'aide de répliques simples, servant de témoins. Les résultats obtenus confirment les études antérieures de répliques et de microscopie par balayage. De plus, une structure “aérée” est mise en évidence dans la coquille des aragonites, et surtout dans le nacre deMytilus. Cette structure est interprêtée comme un artefact induit par la chaleur, formé par l'inclusion d'eau et de matériel organique, interprétation qui concorde avec les études chimiques et de microscopie électronique.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Die Beschießung mit Argonionen wurde angewendet, um die Dicke von Calciumcarbonat-Schalen der zweischaligen MuschelnMytilus undMercenaria zu reduzieren. Diese Technik erlaubte die Ausführung von Transmissions-Elektronenmikroskopie und Elektronendiffraktion, wobei gleiche Proben nach einer bereits bestehenden Methode vorbereitet und als Kontrollen herangezogen wurden. Es wurden zusätzliche Resultate zu den Muschelstruktur-studien erhalten, welche früher publizierte Arbeiten unterstützen, die mit der Abklatschmethode und der Raster-Elektronenmikroskopie ausgeführt worden waren. Zusätzlich wurde eine „schaumartige” Struktur der Muschelaragoniten, besonders im Perlmutter vonMytilus, beobachtet. Da es sich um ein durch Hitze verursachtes Artefakt handelt, wird diese Struktur als Einschlüsse von Wasser und organischem Material interpretiert, was den Befunden von verschiedenen veröffentlichten chemischen und elektronenmikroskopischen Arbeiten entspricht.
    Notes: Abstract Use is made of the argon ion-bombardment technique to reduce the thickness of calcium carbonate shells of the bivalvesMytilus andMercenaria for transmission electron microscopy and electron diffraction, with comparison of single-stage replicas of similar specimens serving as controls. As an additional approach to shell structure studies, it gives results which support earlier published work with both replicas and scanning microscopy. In addition, a “frothy” structure is detected in the shell aragonites, especially inMytilus nacre. As a heat-induced artifact, it is interpreted as representing trapped water and organic material inclusions, an interpretation consistent with several published chemical and electron microscope studies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02012534
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