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  • Articles  (25)
  • IQ  (23)
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  • Springer  (25)
  • Psychology  (25)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hypothesized genetic racial differences in IQ: A criticism of three proposed lines of evidence (1980)
    Springer
    Behavior genetics 10 (1980), S. 225-234 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-3297
    Keywords: A. R. Jensen ; intelligence ; race differences ; heritability ; IQ
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Psychology
    Notes: Abstract Three lines of reasoning are discussed which have been put forward by A. R. Jensen in support of the hypothesis of genetic racial differences in IQ. These are the probabilistic connection of heritability to between-group genetic differences, the theoretical or formal relationship of within-group heritability to between-group heritability, and the regression of the IQ scores of blacks and whites to different population means. The first is shown to be a purely empirical claim that has no value as evidence in the absence of substantial confirming data, which are not available. The second and third are shown to be purely formal implications of the statistical models used to describe between-group heritability and linear regression, with no implications for the validity of the hypothesis. The attempted use of all three to support the hypothesis of genetic racial differences in IQ is discussed as an example of the fallacious reification of abstract methodology.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01066273
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of behavioral traits in the presence of cultural transmission and assortative mating: Applications to IQ and SES (1980)
    Springer
    Behavior genetics 10 (1980), S. 73-92 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-3297
    Keywords: cultural transmission ; assortative mating ; IQ ; socioeconimic status ; heritability ; path analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Psychology
    Notes: Abstract General linear models of familial resemblance are described which allow for polygenic inheritance, cultural transmission from parent to offspring, phenotypic assortative mating, common environment, and maternal and parental effects. These models use observed phenotypic correlations between multiple classes of relatives and/or correlations between individuals reared in separated and extended family structures to yield maximum likelihood parameter estimates. The models are first applied to American kinship data for IQ, with the variance of IQ partitioned as 30% additive genetic, 29% due to cultural inheritance, 9% due to gene-culture covariance, and 32% due to nontransmissible environment. Under the assumption that the correlations between (nontransmissible) environments of DZ and MZ twins are the same, an approximate treatment of dominance yields an estimate of 23% dominance variation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01067320
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sibling resemblance in mental ability: A review (1980)
    Springer
    Behavior genetics 10 (1980), S. 277-290 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-3297
    Keywords: siblings ; IQ ; heritability ; polygenic theory of intelligence
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Psychology
    Notes: Abstract Empirical evidence on sibling resemblance in intelligence published since 1915 in the United States and Europe, including more than 27,000 sibling pairs, is reviewed. The results of these investigations are presented in tables showing the date, investigator, test, sample size, and correlations found for each specific study. Collectively, the results are highly consistent with the polygenic hypothesis and the conclusion that genetic factors are the major source of individual differences in intelligence. The most likely estimate of the sibling correlation for IQ in the population is +0.49.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01067773
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interactive effects of temperature and geography on emigration behavior ofDrosophila melanogaster: Climatic and island factors (1983)
    Springer
    Behavior genetics 13 (1983), S. 29-41 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-3297
    Keywords: emigration behavior ; geographic variation ; temperature ; island effect ; genotype and environment interaction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Psychology
    Notes: Abstract These studies were desgned to detect geographic variation in emigration behavior, at various temperatures, of newly collected wild strains ofDrosophila melanogaster. Natural populations from various geographic regions showed three basic emigration response patterns to temperature: linear, threshold, and optimum-temperature response types. The emigration activity of northern mainland populations increased in the range of 15–20°C, whereas the activity of comparable southern populations increased linearly with increasing temperatures. The northern island populations showed the optimum-temperature response type, and the comparable southern island populations showed all three emigration patterns. In most cases emigration activity on islands was generally reduced compared with that on the adjacent mainland. The northern island populations, however, showed a higher emigration activity at 25°C than the adjacent mainland populations. Here the different sensitivities to temperature seemed to be related to differences in both climatic conditions and insular conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01071742
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The association between phenylthiocarbamide (PTC) tasting ability and psychometric variables (1983)
    Springer
    Behavior genetics 13 (1983), S. 191-196 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-3297
    Keywords: personality ; IQ ; phenylthiocarbamide (PTC)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Psychology
    Notes: Abstract Tasters and nontasters of the chemical phenylthiocarbamide differ in personality and in IQ test scores. Using an undergraduate sample, nontasters were significantly more “placid” (rather than “apprehensive”) “relaxed” (rather than “tense”), and “practical” (rather than “imaginative”) and scored higher on the more visuospatial component of an IQ test than their taster counterparts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01065667
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Linearity of offspring-parent regression for general cognitive ability (1983)
    Springer
    Behavior genetics 13 (1983), S. 355-360 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-3297
    Keywords: regression ; IQ ; cognitive ability ; linearity ; offspring-parent resemblance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Psychology
    Notes: Abstract Composite general cognitive ability scores were computed for members of 843 families from the Americans of European Ancestry sample in the Hawaii Family Study of Cognition (HFSC) and were analyzed for linearity of offspring-parent resemblance. Regressions of midoffspring on midparent values using various subgroupings of the data set, as well as a test for the significance of the quadratic regression obtained from an analysis of the entire sample, provided little or no evidence for nonlinear offspring-parent resemblance. These results differ from those recently reported by Reed and Rich [(1982), Behav. Genet.12:535–542], possibly because all family members tested in the HFSC are within the normal range of mental ability, whereas the Reed and Rich sample consists of families having a history of mental retardation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01065773
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Using EQS for a simple analysis of the Colorado Adoption Project data on height and intelligence (1992)
    Springer
    Behavior genetics 22 (1992), S. 239-245 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-3297
    Keywords: adoptions ; height ; IQ ; heritability ; EQS ; LISREL
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Psychology
    Notes: Abstract Simple models in the general spirit of Coonet al. (1990) are fit to the Colorado Adoption Project height and intelligence data as the second step in a two-step process. In the first step, over-time data on height and IQ are reduced to level and slope parameters. In the second, these are incorporated in path models along with parental data and fitted using EQS in a multiple-group design. Some comparisons are made between EQS and LISREL for this kind of modeling.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01067003
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Assortative mating for IQ and personality due to propinquity and personal preference (1988)
    Springer
    Behavior genetics 18 (1988), S. 339-345 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-3297
    Keywords: assortative mating ; IQ ; Eysenck's Personality Inventory (EPI) ; extraversion ; neuroticism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Psychology
    Notes: Abstract The role of personal preference as an active process in mate selection is contrasted with the more passive results of limitations of available mates due to social, educational, and geographical propinquity. The role of personal preference estimated after removing the effects of variables representing propinquity was still significant for IQ and Eysenck's extraversion-introversion and inconsistency (lie) scales, even though small.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01260934
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Consequences of consanguinity on cognitive behavior (1988)
    Springer
    Behavior genetics 18 (1988), S. 583-594 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-3297
    Keywords: consanguinity ; inbreeding ; IQ ; Weschler Intelligence Scale for Children—Revised [WISC)R)-74] ; rural-suburban ; Ansari Muslims
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Psychology
    Notes: Abstract In order to study the effects of consanguinity on IQ, a survey was conducted among the Ansari Muslims of Bhagalpur residing in suburban and rural areas. Both outbred (N=390 from suburban areas andN=358 from rural areas) and inbred (N's=300 and 266, respectively) children aged 9 to 12 years from socioeconomically middle-class families were administered the Weschler Intelligence Scale for Children—Revised [WISC(R)-74]. The coefficient of inbreeding, F, was .0625. The inbred children showed lower verbal (20 and 22%) and performance (30 and 20%) subtest scores and lower verbal (11 and 11%), performance (17 and 12%), and full-scale (15 and 12%) IQs. A three-factor analysis of variance performed on the full-scale IQ scores indicated that both consanguinity and locality affect IQ. The interaction between these two facors was also significant. Neither age nor sex affected these scores. Overall, subjects' performance scores were lower than verbal scores.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01082310
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    DNA markers associated with high versus low IQ: The IQ quantitative trait loci (QTL) project (1994)
    Springer
    Behavior genetics 24 (1994), S. 107-118 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-3297
    Keywords: Cognitive ability ; intelligence ; IQ ; quantitative trait loci (QTL) ; allelic association ; DNA markers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Psychology
    Notes: Abstract General cognitive ability (intelligence, often indexed by IQ scores) is one of the most highly heritable behavioral dimensions. In an attempt to identify some of the many genes (quantitative trait loci; QTL) responsible for the substantial heritability of this quantitative trait, the IQ QTL Project uses an allelic association strategy. Allelic frequencies are compared for the high and low extremes of the IQ dimension using DNA markers in or near genes that are likely to be relevant to neural functioning. Permanent cell lines have been established for low-IQ (mean IQ=82;N=18), middle-IQ (mean IQ=105;N=21), and high-IQ (mean IQ=130;N=24) groups and for a replication sample consisting of even more extreme low-IQ (mean IQ=59;N=17) and high-IQ (mean IQ=142;N=27) groups. Subjects are Caucasian children tested from 6 to 12 years of age. This first report of the IQ QTL Project presents allelic association results for 46 two-allele markers and for 26 comparisons for 14 multiple-allele markers. Two markers yielded significant (p〈.01) allelic frequency differences between the high- and the low-IQ groups in the combined sample—a new HLA marker for a gene unique to the human species and a new brain-expressed triplet repeat marker (CTGB33). The prospects for harnessing the power of molecular genetic techniques to identify QTL for quantitative dimensions of human behavior are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01067815
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