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  • Articles  (4,563,592)
  • Springer  (3,528,080)
  • Wiley  (1,035,512)
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  • 1
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    Crustal uplift rates implied by synchronously investigating Late Quaternary marine terraces in the Milazzo Peninsula, Northeast Sicily, Italy (2024)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-07-09
    Description: Late Quaternary crustal uplift is well recognized in northeast Sicily, southern Italy, a region also prone to damaging earthquakes such as the 1908 “Messina” earthquake (Mw 7.1), the deadliest seismic event reported within the Italian Earthquake Catalogue. Yet it is still understudied if, within the Milazzo Peninsula, crustal uplift rates are varying spatially and temporally and whether they may be either influenced by (i) local upper-plate faulting activity or (ii) deep geodynamic processes. To investigate the long-term crustal vertical movements in northeast Sicily, we have mapped a flight of Middle-Late Pleistocene marine terraces within the Milazzo Peninsula and in its southern area and refined their chronology, using a synchronous correlation approach driven by published age controls. This has allowed a new calculation of the associated crustal uplift rates, along a north–south oriented coastal-parallel transect within the investigated area. Our results show a decreasing uplift rate from south to north across the Milazzo Peninsula and beyond, and that the associated rates of uplift have been constant through the Late Quaternary. This spatially varying yet temporally constant vertical deformation helps to constrain the amount of uplift, allowing us to explore which is the driving mechanism(s), proposing a few related scenarios. We discuss our results in terms of tectonic implications and emphasize the importance of using appropriate approaches, as such applying a synchronous correlation method, to refine chronologies of undated palaeoshorelines when used for tectonic investigations.
    Description: In press
    Description: OST2 Deformazione e Hazard sismico e da maremoto
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 2
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    Neapoletan Volcanoes, a trip around Vesuvius, Campi Flegrei and Ischia (2024)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-07-09
    Description: Published
    Description: OS: Terza missione
    Keywords: 04.08. Volcanology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: book
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  • 3
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    Risk assessment of war wrecks – a comprehensive approach investigating four wrecks containing munitions in the German Bight/North Sea (2024)
    Wiley
    In:  EPIC3Propellants Explosives Pyrotechnics, Wiley, 49(4), ISSN: 0721-3115
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-07-05
    Description: Shipwrecks and dumped munition continue to be a major hazard, both in the North Sea but also on a global scale. Research within the EU Interreg project North Sea Wrecks (NSW), in cooperation with the German Aerospace Centre, Institute for the Protection of Maritime Infrastructures (DLR), is generating new insights into the status of wrecks, the potential leakage of pollutants from remaining munitions loads and the effects of contamination on exposed marine organisms in the North Sea environment. Further, historical documents are generated from archives to describe ship’s history and sinking scenario. These historical findings were compared to models and images of the visual inspections of the wrecks. Further, samples of water, sediment and organisms are being analysed for traces of explosives. Combining the results of these different fields of research allows for a better understanding of the environmental risks deriving from these wrecks. This process is shown below by focusing on the wreck of the German light cruiser SMS MAINZ, which sank in 1914. Data were compared to three additional wrecks situated also within the southern German Bight. Available data about the wrecks were preliminary assessed using a wreck risk model. Finally, wrecks were ranked according to their potential environmental risk.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , peerRev
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  • 4
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    Narratives (2024)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-28
    Description: Earth System Literacy offers a rich matrix of narratives about (planet) Earth, World and Humans when interwoven with cultural artefacts (e.g. arts, history). Anthropogenic global change locks them together in a unifying framework. By making a distinction between reproduction, work (ergon, Greek) and civicness, there are narratives that convey what characterises the human condition today, including the material, social and historic settings of the Anthropocene.
    Description: Published
    Description: 445–449
    Keywords: Anthropocene ; Earth System Literacy ; Narratives ; 05.03. Educational, History of Science, Public Issues
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: book chapter
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  • 5
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    A Third of Organic Carbon Is Mineral Bound in Permafrost Sediments Exposed by the World's Largest Thaw Slump, Batagay, Siberia (2024)
    Wiley
    In:  EPIC3Permafrost and Periglacial Processes, Wiley, ISSN: 1045-6740
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-24
    Description: Organic carbon (OC) in permafrost interacts with the mineral fraction of soil and sediments, representing 〈 1% to ~80% of the total OC pool. Quantifying the nature and controls of mineral-OC interactions is therefore crucial for realistic assessments of permafrost-carbon-climate feedbacks, especially in ice-rich regions facing rapid thaw and the development of thermo-erosion landforms. Here, we analyzed sediment samples from the Batagay megaslump in East Siberia, and we present total element concentrations , mineralogy, and mineral-OC interactions in its different stratigraphic units. Our findings indicate that up to 34 ± 8% of the OC pool interacts with mineral surfaces or elements. Interglacial deposits exhibit enhanced OC-mineral interactions, where OC has undergone greater microbial transformation and has likely low degradability. We provide a first-order estimate of ~12,000 tons of OC mobilized annually downslope of the headwall (i.e., the approximate mass of 30 large aircrafts), with a maximum of 38% interacting with OC via complexation with metals or associations to poorly crystalline iron oxides. These data imply that over one-third of the OC exposed by the slump is not readily available for mineralization, potentially leading to prolonged OC residence time in soil and sediments under stable physicochemical conditions.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 6
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    A research agenda for nonvascular photoautotrophs under climate change (2023)
    Wiley
    In:  EPIC3New Phytologist, Wiley, 237(5), pp. 1495-1504, ISSN: 0028-646X
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-21
    Description: Nonvascular photoautotrophs (NVP), including bryophytes, lichens, terrestrial algae, and cyanobacteria, are increasingly recognized as being essential to ecosystem functioning in many regions of the world. Current research suggests that climate change may pose a substantial threat to NVP, but the extent to which this will affect the associated ecosystem functions and services is highly uncertain. Here, we propose a research agenda to address this urgent question, focusing on physiological and ecological processes that link NVP to ecosystem functions while also taking into account the substantial taxonomic diversity across multiple ecosystem types. Accordingly, we developed a new categorization scheme, based on microclimatic gradients, which simplifies the high physiological and morphological diversity of NVP and world-wide distribution with respect to several broad habitat types. We found that habitat-specific ecosystem functions of NVP will likely be substantially affected by climate change, and more quantitative process understanding is required on: (1) potential for acclimation; (2) response to elevated CO2; (3) role of the microbiome; and (4) feedback to (micro)climate. We suggest an integrative approach of innovative, multimethod laboratory and field experiments and ecophysiological modelling, for which sustained scientific collaboration on NVP research will be essential.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 7
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    Testing the consistency of Holocene and Last Glacial Maximum spatial correlations in temperature proxy records (2021)
    Wiley
    In:  EPIC3Journal of Quaternary Science, Wiley, 36(1), pp. 20-28, ISSN: 0267-8179
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-21
    Description: Holocene temperature proxy records are commonly used in quantitative synthesis and model-data comparisons. However, comparing correlations between time series from records collected in proximity to one another with the expected correlations based on climate model simulations indicates either regional or noisy climate signals in Holocene temperature proxy records. In this study, we evaluate the consistency of spatial correlations present in Holocene proxy records with those found in data from the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). Specifically, we predict correlations expected in LGM proxy records if the only difference to Holocene correlations would be due to more time uncertainty and more climate variability in the LGM. We compare this simple prediction to the actual correlation structure in the LGM proxy records. We found that time series data of ice-core stable isotope records and planktonic foraminifera Mg/Ca ratios were consistent between the Holocene and LGM periods, while time series of Uk'37 proxy records were not as we found no correlation between nearby LGM records. Our results support the finding of highly regional or noisy marine proxy records in the compilation analysed here and suggest the need for further studies on the role of climate proxies and the processes of climate signal recording and preservation.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 8
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    Biome‐ and timescale‐dependence of Holocene vegetation variability in the Northern Hemisphere (2023)
    Wiley
    In:  EPIC3Ecology and Evolution, Wiley, 13(10), pp. e10585-e10585, ISSN: 2045-7758
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-21
    Description: Global climatic changes expected in the next centuries are likely to cause unparalleled vegetation disturbances, which in turn impact ecosystem services. To assess the significance of disturbances, it is necessary to characterize and understand typical natural vegetation variability on multi-decadal timescales and longer. We investigate this in the Holocene vegetation by examining a taxonomically harmonized and temporally standardized global fossil pollen dataset. Using principal component analysis, we characterize the variability in pollen assemblages, which are a proxy for vegetation composition, and derive timescale-dependent estimates of variability using the first-order Haar structure function. We find, on average, increasing fluctuations in vegetation composition from centennial to millennial timescales, as well as spatially coherent patterns of variability. We further relate these variations to pairwise comparisons between biome classes based on vegetation composition. As such, higher variability is identified for open-land vegetation compared to forests. This is consistent with the more active fire regimes of open-land biomes fostering variability. Needleleaf forests are more variable than broadleaf forests on shorter (centennial) timescales, but the inverse is true on longer (millennial) timescales. This inversion could also be explained by the fire characteristics of the biomes as fire disturbances would increase vegetation variability on shorter timescales, but stabilize vegetation composition on longer timecales by preventing the migration of less fire-adapted species.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 9
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    Climate, glacial and vegetation history of the polar Ural Mountains since c. 27 cal ka bp, inferred from a 54 m long sediment core from Lake Bolshoye Shchuchye (2022)
    Wiley
    In:  EPIC3Journal of Quaternary Science, Wiley, 37(5), pp. 818-835, ISSN: 0267-8179
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-20
    Description: Because continuous and high-resolution records are scarce in the polar Urals, a multiproxy study was carried out on a 54 m long sediment succession (Co1321) from Lake Bolshoye Shchuchye. The sedimentological, geochemical, pollen and chironomid data suggest that glaciers occupied the lake's catchment during the cold and dry MIS 2 and document a change in ice extent around 23.5–18 cal ka bp. Subsequently, meltwater input, sediment supply and erosional activity decreased as local glaciers progressively melted. The vegetation around the lake comprised open, herb and grass-dominated tundra-steppe until the Bølling-Allerød, but shows a distinct change to probably moister conditions around 17–16 cal ka bp. Local glaciers completely disappeared during the Bølling-Allerød, when summer air temperatures were similar to today and low shrub tundra became established. The Younger Dryas is confined by distinct shifts in the pollen and chironomid records pointing to drier conditions. The Holocene is characterised by a denser vegetation cover, stabilised soil conditions and decreased minerogenic input, especially during the local thermal maximum between c. 10 and 5 cal ka bp. Subsequently, present-day vegetation developed and summer air temperatures decreased to modern, except for two intervals, which may represent the Little Ice Age and Medieval Warm Period.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , peerRev
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  • 10
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    Pleistocene glacial and interglacial ecosystems inferred from ancient DNA analyses of permafrost sediments from Batagay megaslump, East Siberia (2022)
    Wiley
    In:  EPIC3Environmental DNA, Wiley, 4(6), pp. 1265-1283, ISSN: 2637-4943
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-18
    Description: Pronounced glacial and interglacial climate cycles characterized northern ecosystems during the Pleistocene. Our understanding of the resultant community transformations and past ecological interactions strongly depends on the taxa found in fossil assemblages. Here, we present a shotgun metagenomic analysis of sedimentary ancient DNA (sedaDNA) to infer past ecosystem-wide biotic composition (from viruses to megaherbivores) from the Middle and Late Pleistocene at the Batagay megaslump, East Siberia. The shotgun DNA records of past vegetation composition largely agree with pollen and plant metabarcoding data from the same samples. Interglacial ecosystems at Batagay attributed to Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 17 and MIS 7 were characterized by forested vegetation (Pinus, Betula, Alnus) and open grassland. The microbial and fungal communities indicate strong activity related to soil decomposition, especially during MIS17. The local landscape likely featured more open, herb-dominated areas, and the vegetation mosaic supported birds and small omnivorous mammals. Parts of the area were intermittently/partially flooded as suggested by the presence of water-dependent taxa. During MIS 3, the sampled ecosystems are identified as cold-temperate, periodically flooded grassland. Diverse megafauna (Mammuthus, Equus, Coelodonta) coexisted with small mammals (rodents). The MIS 2 ecosystems existed under harsher conditions, as suggested by the presence of cold-adapted herbaceous taxa. Typical Pleistocene megafauna still inhabited the area. The new approach, in which shotgun sequencing is supported by metabarcoding and pollen data, enables the investigation of community composition changes across a broad range of taxonomic groups and inferences about trophic interactions and aspects of soil microbial ecology.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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