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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The Geneva risk and insurance review 21 (1996), S. 179-189 
    ISSN: 1554-9658
    Keywords: uncertainty ; investment ; newsboy problem ; increase in risk ; optimal capacity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract In this article we study the effect of uncertainty on an entrepreneur who must choose the capacity of his business before knowing the demand for his product. The unit profit of operation is known with certainty, but there is no flexibility in our one-period framework. We show how the introduction of global uncertainty reduces the investment of the risk-neutral entrepreneur and, even more, that of the risk-averse one. We also show how marginal increases in risk reduce the optimal capacity of both the risk-neutral and the risk-averse entrepreneur, without any restriction on the concave utility function and with limited restrictions on the definition of a mean preserving spread. These general results are explained by the fact that the newsboy has a piecewise-linear, and concave, monetary payoff with a kink endogenously determined at the level of optimal capacity. Our results are compared with those in the two literatures on price uncertainty and demand uncertainty, and particularly, with the recent contributions of Eeckhoudt, Gollier, and Schlesinger [1991, 1995].
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The Geneva risk and insurance review 23 (1998), S. 151-165 
    ISSN: 1554-9658
    Keywords: environmental management ; uncertainty ; public goods ; voluntary contributions ; precaution ; risk
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract This article presents a model in which production causes pollution that diminishes the welfare of its agents. Each agent is concerned with the quality of its environment and may voluntary contribute to improve it by financing depollution technology. The effectiveness of this technology on the quality of the environment is uncertain. We show that if an agent is sufficiently risk averse, voluntary contribution is a decreasing function of the average efficiency of depollution technology. If, on the contrary, the pollution effect is weaker than the substitution effect, the opposite holds. We show that precaution about environmental quality has two possible consequences that depend on agents' risk aversion. Therefore, the implications of a precautionary attitude lead us to consider the agents' risk-aversion characterization, which implies knowledge about prudent attitude.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Annals of operations research 2 (1984), S. 271-284 
    ISSN: 1572-9338
    Keywords: Search ; uncertainty ; economics ; exploration ; minerals
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Notes: Abstract A sequential method of modeling the increase in precision of expected net revenues for a proposed exploration and exploitation program has been developed. Embedded within a computer simulation model of the exploration process, which incorporates a method of learning about deposit characteristics, is a multi-stage stochastic optimization process model to determine the optimal exploitation pattern of the deposit. This approach stresses the interdependence of the planning of the exploration and exploitation processes. The model can be used to determine the amount of exploration which should be undertaken in an area by more precisely predicting the long-range profitability associated with the amount of exploration. Thus, decision makers are provided a capability which reduces the uncertainty in profitability outcomes over future production periods.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Annals of operations research 9 (1987), S. 615-628 
    ISSN: 1572-9338
    Keywords: Bayesian paradigm ; Bayes ; statistical inference ; applied probability ; uncertainty
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Notes: Abstract This paper is based on an invited lecture given by the author at the ORSA/TIMS Special Interest Group on Applied Probability Conference onStatistical and Computational Problems in Probability Modeling, held at Williamsburg, Virginia, January 7–9, 1985. The theme of this paper is twofold. First, that members of the above group should be seriously concerned with issues of statistical inference — they should not stop short upon proposing a probability model. Second, that inference be undertaken via a strict adherence to the rules of probability — the Bayesian paradigm. To underscore a need for emphasizing the first theme, it may be pertinent to note that an overwhelming majority of the papers dealing with statistical and inferential issues that were presented at this conference were authored by members who did not claim to belong to the ORSA/TIMS Special Interest Group on Applied Probability. The lecture was followed by a panel discussion, with Drs. Lyle Broemeling and Edward Wegman of the Office of Naval Research as discussants. Dr. Robert Launer of the Army Research Office served as a moderator. Discussions from the floor included comments by Professors D. Harrington of Harvard University, E. Parzen of Texas A & M University, and R. Smith of Imperial College, London, England. This paper, and the comments of the panelists, are published in this volume of theAnnals of Operations Research, which is going to serve as a Proceedings of the Conference.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of risk and uncertainty 13 (1996), S. 53-71 
    ISSN: 1573-0476
    Keywords: risk ; uncertainty ; ambiguity ; self-protection ; self-insurance ; framing ; D81
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract We build two experimental markets to examine individual valuations of risk reductions with two risk-management tools: self-insurance and self-protection. We find no positive evidence that the risk-reducing mechanisms constitute a “frame.” Ambiguity in the probability on average affects valuation only weakly, and changes in the representation of ambiguity do not alter valuation. Finally, unlike the results obtained by Hogarth and Kunreuther for the case of market insurance, our findings do not provide a strong support for the “Anchoring and Adjustment” ambiguity model.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of risk and uncertainty 13 (1996), S. 5-17 
    ISSN: 1573-0476
    Keywords: risk ; uncertainty ; decision weights ; subadditivity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract Professional options traders priced risky prospects as well as uncertain prospects whose outcomes depended on future values of various stocks. The prices of the risky prospects coincided with their expected value, but the prices of the uncertain prospects violated expected utility theory. An event had greater impact on prices when it turned an impossibility into a possibility or a possibility into a certainty than when it merely made a possibility more or less likely, as predicted by prospect theory. This phenomenon is attributed to the subadditivity of judged probabilities.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of risk and uncertainty 18 (1999), S. 165-188 
    ISSN: 1573-0476
    Keywords: moral hazard ; unemployment insurance ; workers' compensation ; risk ; uncertainty
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract This paper examines how the Workers' Compensation (WC) and Unemployment Insurance (UI) programs interact to influence the duration of claims due to workplace accidents. We use longitudinal WC administrative micro-data on more than 30,000 workers in the Canadian construction industry for the period 1976–1986. For the estimations, we use the Meyer (1990) semi-parametric proportional hazard model. Our results show, in particular, that a reduction in the UI replacement ratio is associated with an increase in the duration of claims due to severe accidents that are difficult to diagnose. Moreover, the duration of spells on WC is much higher when an accident occurs in December, a month which corresponds to the beginning of the lay-off season in the construction sector. This result is consistent with the fact that WC benefits are more generous than UI benefits in Canada.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of risk and uncertainty 2 (1989), S. 189-212 
    ISSN: 1573-0476
    Keywords: Risk ; choice ; perception ; control ; adjustment ; uncertainty
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract Experienced executives frequently try to modify the risky situations they face in order to make them more favorable rather than simply choosing from among available decision options. This article investigates several types of risk adjustments such as trying to influence the situation through bargaining and spending resources, gathering information, developing new options, and consulting one's superiors. A theoretical framework is presented that characterizes different types of adjustments and relates them to variables such as perceived risk, perceived control, perceived responsibility, decisiveness, and risky choice. The framework is tested using experienced decision makers who respond to four simulated risky business decisions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of risk and uncertainty 1 (1988), S. 267-283 
    ISSN: 1573-0476
    Keywords: Risk ; uncertainty ; expected utility ; nonlinear preference
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract During the past generation, expected utility theory has been widely accepted as the normative standard for decision making under risk and under uncertainty. However, it is now known that reasonable people often violate its assumptions, and a number of generalizations of the theory have been developed to accommodate some of the more common violations. This essay recalls the origins of expected utility in the early 1700s, notes its axiomatizations on the basis of preference comparisons in the mid-1900s, describes violations of those axioms uncovered since then, outlines new theories stimulated by the violations, and suggests where the field might be headed in the next few decades.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of risk and uncertainty 4 (1991), S. 299-324 
    ISSN: 1573-0476
    Keywords: uncertainty ; probability ; rationality ; belief
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract In this article, we first examine the various criticisms of the probabilistic model. Then we introduce capacities in order to show that if a probability measure corresponds to anesthetizing the belief of the agent's knowledge, it is then possible to suggest another type of rationality—namely, being able to describe a wise and a rash behavior when facing risk—and therefore another model of belief under uncertainty. While trying to specify various alternative measures, possibility, necessity, and measures resulting from a triangular norm or from a triangular conorm, we finally try to define the field of application of the probabilistic model as well as a sign of the rationality choice: constraint of mass-unity for traditional rationality, and constraint of duality for the one we present.
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