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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Control and game-theoretic assessment of climate change: Options for Joint Implementation (2000)
    Springer
    Annals of operations research 97 (2000), S. 203-212 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9338
    Schlagwort(e): conflict ; cooperation ; energy economics ; environmental control ; game theory ; resource allocation ; system dynamics ; 90-99 ; 90A16 ; 90A30 ; 90D50 ; 93C55 ; 93C95
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Abstract The Framework Convention on Climate Change (FCCC) demands reductions in greenhouse gas emissions by the industrialized countries, while developing countries are still permitted to expand their energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. To identify, assess and compare options for avoiding and minimizing anthropogenic climate change, the framework of dynamic-game models (the SCX conflict model and the problem-specific TEM model) is applied to analyze the interaction between energy technologies, emission reductions and economic output with regard to energy use and the relationship between conflict and cooperation in climate policy. Basic variables are energy production, emissions into the enviroment, the energy price and the economic output. Major control parameters are the allocation of funding with regard to various energy options and the degree of international cooperation through technology transfer and capital flow. In particular, the impact of cooperation between industrialized and developing countries is evaluated to understand the role of governments in the transition to sustainable market economies. Simulations and numerical results are presented which can be used in a constructive way to implement a Joint-Implementation Program as an advanced market institution.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018940627463
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Interconnected games and international environmental problems, II (1994)
    Springer
    Annals of operations research 54 (1994), S. 97-117 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9338
    Schlagwort(e): Modelling ; interconnection ; side payments ; game theory ; environment ; transboundary pollution ; multiple objective games ; repeated games ; tensor games ; tradeoff ; Pareto equilibrium ; Nash equilibrium ; Folk theorem ; prisoners' dilemma ; JEL C70 ; Q28
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Abstract Some features of international environmental problems are considered. A basic problem is to induce countries to adopt a cooperative approach. One of the instruments to induce countries to cooperate is an exchange of concessions in fields of relative strengths, such as swapping trade concessions for cooperation on international environmental problems. This instrument will be modelled in this paper with tensor games. Both tradeoff and non-tradeoff tensor games will be addressed, with emphasis on tradeoff tensor games with linear strict weights. The relationship between the Pareto equilibria of a non-tradeoff tensor game and the Nash equilibria of the associated tradeoff tensor games will be studied. Due to structural similarities between tensor games and repeated multiple objective games, some attention will also be paid to the latter. Relationships between objects related to Folk theorems for the tradeoff tensor game with completely additive weights and the corresponding objects for its constituting isolated games will be studied. Since many international environmental problems have prisoners' dilemma characteristics, it is analyzed how interconnection may enhance cooperation in prisoners' dilemma games.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02031729
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    On the core of the minimum cost steiner tree game in networks (1995)
    Springer
    Annals of operations research 57 (1995), S. 233-249 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9338
    Schlagwort(e): Steiner tree ; game theory ; cost allocation ; integer programming ; linear programming
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Abstract A cost allocation problem arising from the Steiner Tree (ST) problem in networks is analyzed. This cost allocation problem is formulated as a cost cooperative game in characteristic function form, referred to as theST-game. The class ofST games generalizes the class of minimum cost spanning tree games which were used in the literature to analyze a variety of cost allocation problems. In general, the core of anST-game may be empty. We construct an efficient Core Heuristic to compute a “good” lower bound on the maximum fraction of the total cost that can be distributed among users while satisfying the core constraints. Based on the Core Heuristic, we also provide a sufficient condition for a givenST not to be optimal for the linear programming relaxation of an integer programming formulation of theST problem. The Core Heuristic was implemented and tested on 76 data sets from the literature (Wong's, Aneja's and Beasley's Steiner tree problems). Core points were found for 69 of these cases, and points “close” to the core were computed in the others.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02099700
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The management of high seas fisheries (2000)
    Springer
    Annals of operations research 94 (2000), S. 183-196 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9338
    Schlagwort(e): fisheries management ; game theory ; Norwegian spring‐spawning herring ; straddling and highly migratory stocks ; United Nations
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Abstract The intergovernmental United Nations Conference on Highly Migratory and Straddling Stocks, initiated in 1993 and finished in 1995, addressed the conservation and management of fishery resources located both within the coastal state 200 mile Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) and the adjacent high seas. These types of marine resources continue to be a source for international conflicts and debates. The original United Nations Law of the Sea of 1982 failed to address transboundary fisheries in a proper way. In particular, the agreement did not recognize the emergence of the complicated “straddling stock” issue. In the new United Nations Law of the Sea agreement of 1995, a consensus was reached that the management of the straddling and highly migratory fish stocks should be carried out through regional fisheries management organizations. We present a review of the straddling stock issues in the international agreement emerging from the negotiations within the United Nations. The review is contrasted with and clarified by game theoretic analyses. We also discuss one international fishery exemplifying the case, the Norwegian spring‐spawning herring. The main conclusion is that the local problems, faced during the stage of setting up regional fisheries organizations for the management of straddling and highly migratory fish stocks, are expected to be much more complicated and difficult to solve as compared to the cases of “shared fish stocks”. In the current paper, we present two reasons for this increased complexity. The first is the larger number of players as compared to the case of “shared fish stocks” and the second is the possibility of new members entering the regional fisheries organizations.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018925302021
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Dominant Competitive Factors for evaluating program efficiency in grouped data (1997)
    Springer
    Annals of operations research 73 (1997), S. 253-276 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9338
    Schlagwort(e): Data Envelopment Analysis ; game theory ; efficiency ; linear programming
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Abstract Dominant Competitive Factors, unique solutions to a new class of two-person ratio efficiency games, are introduced as a means for distinguishing exceptional aspects of individual performance. The vectors of input-output multipliers thus obtained may be analyzed collectively so that commonalities within groups and differences across groups may be discovered. The method is applied to "Program Follow-Through", the original impetus for developing Data Envelopment Analysis. Our results are compared with those of the earlier study, whereupon substantial new insights are obtained.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018933329202
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Enlarging the Pie vs. Increasing One's Slice: An Analysis of the Relationship Between Generic and Brand Advertising (2000)
    Springer
    Marketing letters 11 (2000), S. 37-48 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-059X
    Schlagwort(e): generic advertising ; game theory ; cooperation vs. competition
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Abstract Generic advertising promotes the general qualities of a product category and, therefore, benefits all firms—regardless of who has contributed to the campaign (e.g. “Got Milk?”). Such campaigns are organized either by independent contributions by industry members or through government legislation. In this paper, we study the relationship between brand and generic advertising in these two cases. In the independent-contribution case, a free-riding or cheap-riding generic advertising equilibrium is predicted. Interestingly, in the free-riding equilibrium, we show that dominant firms in industries should be indifferent to free riding by lesser firms. They should incur the entire industry advertising expense and be better for it. In the cheap-riding equilibrium, a group of equally dominant firms foot the bill. In the government-sponsored case, we establish that industry spending on generic advertising is greater. But, we find that there is an increase in total spending on brand advertising as well.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008146709712
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The Cost of the Game: A Taxonomy of Social Interactions (2000)
    Springer
    European journal of law and economics 9 (2000), S. 99-114 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9990
    Schlagwort(e): customary law ; social norms ; reciprocity ; game theory
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Rechtswissenschaft , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Abstract This paper considers the role of reciprocity rules in various strategic settings. After distinguishing four typical categories of social interaction, the paper examines three forms of reciprocity constraints. An ideal rule of perfect incentive alignment (“structural reciprocity”) serves as a benchmark for the analysis of a “golden rule” of reciprocity, characterized by a mechanical linking of one player's strategy to that of the other player; and a “silver rule” of stochastic reciprocity, characterized by a probabilistic symmetry in the relationship between the players.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018799716697
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Conventions and institutions in coordination problems (1996)
    Springer
    De economist 144 (1996), S. 397-428 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9982
    Schlagwort(e): conventions ; institutions ; game theory ; evolution
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Summary This survey article starts with a game-theory interpretation of coordination problems that occur in an economy. Three types of games are discussed in which the degree of coordination versus conflict varies. It is shown that game-theoretic techniques for equilibrium selection or securing the highest pay-off outcome do not always suffice, which raises the need for exogenous information. Norms, such as conventions and institutions, may provide this information. The emergence and persistence of norms as well as the relationship between the type of game and the type of norm are discussed. After a discussion on conventions and rationality, some notions from Institutional Economics are introduced, in which institutions are explained as a way to deal with limited and costly information. Some applications are given in the last section.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01682834
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Bidding in real estate: A game theoretic approach (1989)
    Springer
    The journal of real estate finance and economics 2 (1989), S. 239-251 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-045X
    Schlagwort(e): game theory ; winner's curse ; buyer's remorse
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Abstract Taking advantage of recent developments in bargaining theory, we examine the bidding process for residential real estate. Within this game theoretic context, we consider whether the phenomenon of buyer's remorse is compatible with the rationality required of participants.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00177946
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Parallel distributed processing models for economic systems and games (1988)
    Springer
    Computational economics 1 (1988), S. 163-174 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9974
    Schlagwort(e): Cellular automata ; economic systems ; game theory ; neural networks
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Informatik , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Abstract This paper develops the idea that neural networks and other parallel models of computation provide a natural way in which to model the working of an economic system. Conversely, computational models implicit in descriptions of economic and social systems can provide us with very general methods and techniques which could be useful in other applications using neural networks. In general, both these research areas share a common concern with the problem of computation in parallel networks.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00436278
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