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  • 11
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    Routledge Handbook of Genomics, Health and Society (2021)
    Taylor & Francis | Routledge
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-09-12
    Description: The Handbook provides an essential resource at the interface of Genomics, Health and Society, and forms a crucial research tool for both new students and established scholars across biomedicine and social sciences. Building from and extending the first Routledge Handbook of Genetics and Society, the book offers a comprehensive introduction to pivotal themes within the field, an overview of the current state of the art knowledge on genomics, science and society, and an outline of emerging areas of research. Key themes addressed include the way genomic based DNA technologies have become incorporated into diverse arenas of clinical practice and research whilst also extending beyond the clinic; the role of genomics in contemporary ‘bioeconomies’; how challenges in the governance of medical genomics can both reconfigure and stabilise regulatory processes and jurisdictional boundaries; how questions of diversity and justice are situated across different national and transnational terrains of genomic research; and how genomics informs – and is shaped by – developments in fields such as epigenetics, synthetic biology, stem cell, microbial and animal model research. Presenting cutting edge research from leading social science scholars, the Handbook provides a unique and important contribution to the field. It brings a rich and varied cross disciplinary social science perspective that engages with both the history and contemporary context of genomics and ‘post-genomics’, and considers the now global and transnational terrain in which these developments are unfolding.
    Keywords: genomics ; social sciences ; society ; handbook ; health ; biomedicine ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
    Language: English
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  • 12
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    Chapter 5 Alchemy, potency, imagination (2021)
    Taylor & Francis | Routledge
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-30
    Description: A case in point is Paracelsus’s view of poisons, which have a richness that has not been captured in previous scholarship. Most scholars only touched on the subject of poison and did not fully reflect on the complexity of its meaning. Consequently, I have decided to explore Paracelsus’s ideas and bring together the various connotations he conferred to the term ‘poison’. For the purpose of this chapter, I have chosen a methodology that would take account of the timing of Paracelsus’s writings as well as their relevance to the subject at hand. I have consequently decided to take a treatise-based approach that would not only focus on works that have a particular emphasis on the topic of poison, but also reflect, to the best extent possible, the chronology of these treatises. The chapter is thus focussed on seven writings, although it makes references to other works where appropriate. At the end, I have tried to synthesise the views of these works and consider the question of consistency of ideas on ‘poison’ throughout Paracelsus’s writings.
    Keywords: Alchemy ; poison ; theories ; Arsenic ; Digestion ; Human ; Mercury (element) ; Paracelsus ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
    Language: English
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  • 13
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    Brainlesion: Glioma, Multiple Sclerosis, Stroke and Traumatic Brain Injuries (2022)
    Springer Nature | Springer
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: This two-volume set LNCS 12962 and 12963 constitutes the thoroughly refereed proceedings of the 7th International MICCAI Brainlesion Workshop, BrainLes 2021, as well as the RSNA-ASNR-MICCAI Brain Tumor Segmentation (BraTS) Challenge, the Federated Tumor Segmentation (FeTS) Challenge, the Cross-Modality Domain Adaptation (CrossMoDA) Challenge, and the challenge on Quantification of Uncertainties in Biomedical Image Quantification (QUBIQ). These were held jointly at the 23rd Medical Image Computing for Computer Assisted Intervention Conference, MICCAI 2020, in September 2021. The 91 revised papers presented in these volumes were selected form 151 submissions. Due to COVID-19 pandemic the conference was held virtually. This is an open access book.
    Keywords: artificial intelligence ; bioinformatics ; computer science ; computer systems ; computer vision ; education ; image analysis ; image processing ; image segmentation ; learning ; machine learning ; medical images ; neural networks ; pattern recognition ; segmentation methods ; software design ; software engineering ; software quality ; validation ; verification and validation ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYT Image processing ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UT Computer networking and communications ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UB Information technology: general topics
    Language: English
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  • 14
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    Chapter 3 The professional audiences of the Hippocratic Epidemics (2021)
    Taylor & Francis | Greek Medical Literature and its Readers | Routledge
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-09-12
    Description: To summarise our findings, the Hippocratic Epidemics case reports is an example of a text whose intended audiences, despite the ambiguities and historical uncertainties about the texts’ composition and transmission, were very firmly delimited as professional and medical. Such closure defines this phase of ancient medicine as particularly territorial and “technical”, on the one hand – no literary pretence, nor broader intellectual appeal of the kind shown by Galen is on the horizon of these writers, nor any explicit attempt to win over lay audiences, at least in the Epidemics.77 Also, it tells us something about the epistemology and didactics at work in the Hippocratic handling of patients, which we can summarise as follows: non-theoretical, observation-based and data-centred; self-standing, i.e. not relying on a system of knowledge or a “syllabus” (compare Galen’s frequent recommendation on which of his books one should read first, which are for beginners, what should follow, etc.), but needing to “support itself” by insuring the memorisation of the repertoires of observations, procedures, risks and mistakes; lack of a synthesis of the empirical data, such as a form of diagnosis, or of the “epistemological extension” that might turn the observed case into an “experiment”.78 The Hippocratic use of individual evidence – the patient case – remained in this early stage a communication of pure data. Individual memory, in conclusion, the reception of an individual intellect – a future student, a training doctor – characterises the audience of these texts, motivates and even determines, concretely, their very existence.
    Keywords: patient cases ; hippocratic ; communication ; patient cases ; hippocratic ; communication ; Case report ; Epidemic ; Epistemology ; Galen ; History of medicine ; Medicine ; Mnemonic ; Physician ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
    Language: English
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  • 15
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    Chapter 9 Mitochondria Structure and Position in the Local Control of Calcium Signals in Smooth Muscle Cells (2021)
    Taylor & Francis | Signal Transduction and Smooth Muscle | CRC Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-09-12
    Description: Features of Ca2+ signals including the amplitude, duration, frequency and location are encoded by various physiological stimuli. These features of the signals are decoded by cells to selectively activate smooth muscle functions that include contraction and proliferation [1–3]. Central, therefore, to an appreciation of how smooth muscle is controlled is an understanding of the regulation of Ca2+.
    Keywords: Mitochondria structure and position ; local control ; calcium signals ; smooth muscle cells ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
    Language: English
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  • 16
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    Cyber Security Politics (2022)
    Taylor & Francis | Routledge
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: This book examines new and challenging political aspects of cyber security and presents it as an issue defined by socio-technological uncertainty and political fragmentation. Structured along two broad themes and providing empirical examples for how socio-technical changes and political responses interact, the first part of the book looks at the current use of cyber space in conflictual settings, while the second focuses on political responses by state and non-state actors in an environment defined by uncertainties. Within this, it highlights four key debates that encapsulate the complexities and paradoxes of cyber security politics from a Western perspective – how much political influence states can achieve via cyber operations and what context factors condition the (limited) strategic utility of such operations; the role of emerging digital technologies and how the dynamics of the tech innovation process reinforce the fragmentation of the governance space; how states attempt to uphold stability in cyberspace and, more generally, in their strategic relations; and how the shared responsibility of state, economy, and society for cyber security continues to be re-negotiated in an increasingly trans-sectoral and transnational governance space. This book will be of much interest to students of cyber security, global governance, technology studies, and international relations.
    Keywords: artificial intelligence ; cyber-security ; machine learning ; socio-economic dynamics ; socio-technical developments ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JW Warfare and defence ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPS International relations ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPS International relations::JPSH Espionage and secret services ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JK Social services and welfare, criminology::JKS Social welfare and social services::JKSW Emergency services::JKSW1 Police and security services ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UD Digital Lifestyle and online world: consumer and user guides
    Language: English
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Strategies with memories: local search in an application oriented environment (1995)
    Springer
    OR spectrum 17 (1995), S. 55-66 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-6304
    Keywords: Local search ; simulated annealing ; tabu search ; genetic algorithms ; machine learning ; knowledge based information systems ; Lokale Suche ; Simulated Annealing ; Tabu Search ; Genetische Algorithmen ; Maschinelles Lernen ; Wissensbasierte Informationssysteme
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Aus drei Gründen stellen wir diesem Sonderheft „Applied Local Search“ ein erweitertes Vorwort voran. Erstens sollen die mittlerweile bereits als klassisch zu bezeichnenden Strukturen und Ideen von dem, was derzeit unter lokaler Suche verstanden wird, vorgestellt werden. Simulated Annealing, Tabu Search and Genetische Algorithmen werden somit in ihren Grandelementen beschrieben, wobei der Schwerpunkt bewußt auf Tabu Search liegt, das sich derzeit als beste Strategie zur Lösung kombinatorischer Optimierungsprobleme etabliert hat. Neuere und mittlerweile sehr erfolgreiche aber immer noch wenig bekannte Ideen, wie die Reverse Elimination Methode und Ejection Chains, werden ebenfalls im Rahmen von Tabu Search vorgestellt. Zweites Anliegen ist, die Einbettung von lokalen Suchverfahren in einem allgemeineren Kontext wissensbasierter Informationssysteme zu beschreiben. Lokale Suche wird dabei als ein Paradigma maschinellen Lernens betrachtet. Schließlich soll dieses Vorwort ebenfalls einen kurzen Überblick der in diesem Heft enthaltenen Arbeiten geben und sie aufgrund der Verfahren und Modelle gruppieren.
    Notes: Abstract The idea of this extended foreword to the special issue on applied local search is threefold. Firstly, we provide a brief and fundamental description of what is nowadays called local search. Components which have meanwhile become an integral part of the classical aspects on simulated annealing, tabu search and genetic algorithms are reviewed. Furthermore, today tabu search can be considered as the major pillar of local search. Hence, attention is drawn to a couple of tabu search issues more recently developed such as the reverse elimination method and ejection chains. Secondly, local search based knowledge engineering is developed to constitute a substantial part of knowledge based information systems. Within this general setting local search will be considered as one particular paradigm of machine learning. Thirdly, we are going to introduce what is considered to be the main subject of this issue, local search applications. We briefly embed the contents of the subsequent papers and group them with respect to their particular methods and models within the above mentioned framework.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01719248
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Adaptable arbitration of behaviours: some simulation results (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of intelligent manufacturing 9 (1998), S. 161-166 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8145
    Keywords: Autonomous agents ; behaviours ; self-organization ; machine learning
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract During the last few years, in an attempt to provide an efficient alternative to classical methods to designing robot control structures, the behaviour-based approach has emerged. Its success has largely been a result of the bottom-up development of a number of fast, tightly coupled control processes. This new approach, however, has some important limitations because of its lack of goal directedness and flexibility. This paper describes a self-improving control system that would deal with some of these problems. The system is based on two levels of arbitration, a local level which enables the robot to survive in a particular real-world situation, and a global level which ensures that the robot reactions be consistent with the required goal. Emphasis is put on the local arbitration level: it is shown how the local priorities can be computed and learnt and some simulation results are presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008872013778
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Predicting quality characteristics of end-milled parts based on multi-sensor integration using neural networks: individual effects of learning parameters and rules (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of intelligent manufacturing 6 (1995), S. 389-400 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8145
    Keywords: Neural networks ; quality engineering ; sensor integration ; machine learning
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Artificial neural networks have been shown to have a lot of potential as a means of integrating multi-sensor signals for real-time monitoring of machining processes. However, many questions still remain to be answered on how to optimize the training parameters during the training phase to optimize their subsequent performance, especially in view of the fact that the few published articles have made conflicting recommendations. This paper presents a systematic evaluation of the individual effects of training parameters — learning rate, momentum rate, number of hidden layer nodes, transfer function and learning rule-on the performance of back-propagation networks used for predicting quality characteristics of end-milled parts. Multi-sensor signatures (acoustic emission, spindle vibration, cutting force components and machining time) acquired during circular end-milling of 4140 steel and the corresponding measured quality characteristics (surface roughness and bore tolerance) were used to train the networks. The network is part of a proposed intelligent machining monitoring and diagnostic system for quality assurance of machined parts. The network performances were evaluated using four different criteria: maximum error, rms error, mean error and number of training cycles. One of the results obtained shows that the hyperbolic tangent transfer function gives a better performance than the sigmoid and sine functions respectively. Optimum combinations of training parameters have been observed. The effects of various combinations of training parameters are presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00124065
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Multistrategy learning approaches to generate and tune fuzzy control structures and their application in manufacturing (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of intelligent manufacturing 9 (1998), S. 323-329 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8145
    Keywords: Intelligent manufacturing ; machine learning ; neuro–fuzzy systems ; genetic algorithms
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Intelligence is strongly connected with learning adapting abilities, therefore such capabilities are considered as indispensable features of intelligent manufacturing systems (IMSs). A number of approaches have been described to apply different machine learning (ML) techniques for manufacturing problems, starting with rule induction in symbolic domains and pattern recognition techniques in numerical, subsymbolic domains. In recent years, artificial neural network (ANN) based learning is the dominant ML technique in manufacturing. However, mainly because of the ‘black box’ nature of ANNs, these solutions have limited industrial acceptance. In the paper, the integration of neural and fuzzy techniques is treated and former solutions are analysed. A genetic algorithm (GA) based approach is introduced to overcome problems that are experienced during manufacturing applications with other algorithms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008922709029
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