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  • Adaptation
  • Climate change
  • ddc:551.46
  • Springer Berlin Heidelberg  (22)
  • Routledge  (10)
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  • 1
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    Taylor & Francis | Routledge
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-11
    Beschreibung: Viewing the Arctic as a key region for global development in the 21st century, this book offers a cross-disciplinary conceptual framework for understanding what international cooperation is, why it is difficult and what kind of alternative views can apply in the Arctic. Written by Arctic experts, the book presents major trends and scenarios for international cooperation in the Arctic up to 2035 and future prospects for international cooperation in the Arctic in various sectors: energy, business and economy, transportation and logistics, climate change, diplomacy and security, culture, innovations, higher education and research. Implications of the scenarios for global development are discussed in the light of the United Nations Agenda for Global Development and Sustainable Development Goals. The book offers a cross-disciplinary conceptual framework of international cooperation in the Arctic and discusses implications of this framework for global development. Filling the gap in analytical understanding of international cooperation, this book will be of interest to academics, students and professionals concerned with global development and the Arctic region.
    Schlagwort(e): Development economics and emerging economies ; Environmental policy and protocols ; Climate change
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 2
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    Taylor & Francis | A Critical Approach to Climate Change Adaptation | Routledge
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-09-12
    Beschreibung: Adaptation to climate change has always been part of life on earth. Yet, according to the scientific literature – such as the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) – the increased magnitude of global warming the planet is currently experiencing further exacerbates the negative impacts of climate change on people – increasing risk and reducing their capacity to adapt. This is particularly the case for marginalised people in the Global South living in poverty (IPCC 2014). Wide recognition that industrialised countries are overwhelmingly responsible for these changes has, albeit slowly, led to governments of industrialised countries increasingly financing climate change adaptation initiatives in the Global South.
    Schlagwort(e): Climate change ; adaptation ; knowledge ; power ; politics ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 3
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    Taylor & Francis | Routledge
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-09-12
    Beschreibung: This edited volume brings together critical research on climate change adaptation discourses, policies, and practices from a multi-disciplinary perspective. Drawing on examples from countries including Colombia, Mexico, Canada, Germany, Russia, Tanzania, Indonesia, and the Pacific Islands, the chapters describe how adaptation measures are interpreted, transformed, and implemented at grassroots level and how these measures are changing or interfering with power relations, legal pluralismm and local (ecological) knowledge. As a whole, the book challenges established perspectives of climate change adaptation by taking into account issues of cultural diversity, environmental justicem and human rights, as well as feminist or intersectional approaches. This innovative approach allows for analyses of the new configurations of knowledge and power that are evolving in the name of climate change adaptation. This volume will be of great interest to students and scholars of climate change, environmental law and policy, and environmental sociology, and to policymakers and practitioners working in the field of climate change adaptation.
    Schlagwort(e): Climate change ; discourses ; policies ; practices ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 4
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    Taylor & Francis | Routledge
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-01-30
    Beschreibung: This book serves as a guide for local governments and private enterprises as they navigate the unchartered waters of investing in climate change adaptation and resilience. This book serves not only as a resource guide for identifying potential funding sources but also as a roadmap for asset management and public fi nance processes. It highlights practical synergies between funding mechanisms, as well as the confl icts that may arise between varying interests and strategies. While the main focus of this work is on the State of California, this book offers broader insights for how states, local governments and private enterprises can take those critical fi rst steps in investing in society’s collective adaptation to climate change.
    Schlagwort(e): Climate change ; local governments ; private enterprises ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KC Economics ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning::RN The environment
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 5
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    Taylor & Francis | Routledge
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-09-12
    Beschreibung: This volume provides an overview of the political economy of coal in diverse country contexts. Coal is the largest source of greenhouse gas emissions globally, accounting for about 40 percent of energy-related CO2 emissions. Continued construction of coal-fired power plants could make the climate targets of the Paris Agreement infeasible to achieve. In spite of sharply declining costs for renewable energy sources, many countries still heavily rely on coal to meet their energy demand. The predominance of coal can only be adequately understood in light of the political factors that determine energy policy formulation. To this end, this edited volume assembles a wide variety of case studies exploring the political economy of coal for across the globe. These includes industrial and developing nations, coal importers and exporters as well as countries that are either substantial coal users, are just beginning to ramp up their capacities, or have already initiated a coal phase-out. Importantly, all case studies are structured along a unifying framework that focuses on the central actors driving energy policy formulation, their main objectives as well as the context that determines to what extent they can influence policy making. This large set of comparable studies will permit drawing conclusions regarding key similarities as well as differences driving coal use in different countries. This book will be of great interest to students and scholars of energy, climate change, resource management, and sustainable development. It will also appeal to practitioners and policymakers involved in sustainable development.
    Schlagwort(e): Applied ecology ; Environmental management ; Central / national / federal government policies ; Environmental policy and protocols ; Energy ; Environmental science, engineering and technology ; Climate change ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning::RN The environment::RNC Applied ecology ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning::RN The environment::RNF Environmental management ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government::JPQ Central government::JPQB Central government policies ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning::RN The environment::RND Environmental policy & protocols ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics::PHD Classical mechanics::PHDY Energy ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TQ Environmental science, engineering & technology ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning::RN The environment::RNP Pollution & threats to the environment::RNPG Climate change
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 6
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    Taylor & Francis | Routledge
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-07
    Beschreibung: This book provides useful insight into how academics from diverse disciplinary backgrounds, such as science, engineering, technology, social science, policy, design, architecture, built environment, business, and management, have been conducting research into how to realise net zero emissions to address climate change. This book explores the ways in which countries around the world have pledged to achieve net zero emissions through decarbonisation processes. It presents the highest calibre research and impact activities carried out in the UK, Europe, North America, Australia, Asia, and Africa. Such activities include conceptualisation, opportunity identification, specific case studies, demonstration of proof of concepts, provision of evidence, education of the general public, and knowledge transfer to companies. Further to this, the chapters also bring to light personal career journeys to net zero by current and future international research leaders. From this book, readers will gain a full understanding of net zero research via multiple disciplinary pathways, be inspired by personal accounts, and will learn key methodologies, including quantitative and qualitative approaches. The diversity of authors and topics make the book widely applicable to a range of fields, and it will be of great interest to researchers, students, practitioners, and decision makers working towards the goals of net zero and decarbonisation.
    Schlagwort(e): Net Zero ; Net Zero emissions ; Decarbonisation ; Climate change ; Interdisciplinary education ; Carbon neutral ; 2050 ; Sustainability ; Sustainable consumption ; Sustainability transitions ; Sustainable fashion ; Engineering ; thema EDItEUR::A The Arts::AB The arts: general topics ; thema EDItEUR::A The Arts::AK Design, Industrial and commercial arts, illustration::AKP Product design ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TH Energy technology and engineering::THV Alternative and renewable energy sources and technology ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RN The environment::RNP Pollution and threats to the environment::RNPG Climate change ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RP Regional and area planning::RPC Urban and municipal planning and policy ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GT Interdisciplinary studies::GTP Development studies ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBC Engineering: general ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBD Technical design::TBDG Ergonomics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHD Classical mechanics::PHDY Energy ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBS Social groups, communities and identities::JBSD Urban communities ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TD Industrial chemistry and manufacturing technologies::TDP Other manufacturing technologies
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 7
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    Taylor & Francis | Routledge
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-09-12
    Beschreibung: This book systematically analyzes how and why China has expectedly lost and then surprisingly gained ground in the quest to solve the complicated environmental problem of air pollution over the past two decades. Yuan Xu shines a light on how China’s sulfur dioxide emissions rose quickly in tandem with rapid economic growth but then dropped to a level not seen for at least four decades. Despite this favorable mitigation outcome, Xu details how this stemmed from a litany of policy stumbles within the Chinese context of no democracy and a lack of sound rule of law. Throughout this book, the author examines China’s environmental governance and strategy and how they shape environmental policy. The chapters weave together a goal-centered governance model that China has adopted of centralized goal setting, decentralized goal attainment, decentralized policy making and implementation. Xu concludes that this model provides compelling evidence that China’s worst environmental years reside in the past. This book will be of great interest to students and scholars of Chinese environmental policy and governance, air pollution, climate change and sustainable development, as well as practitioners and policy makers working in these fields.
    Schlagwort(e): Development economics and emerging economies ; Environmental economics ; Applied ecology ; Environmental policy and protocols ; Politics and government ; Energy ; Climate change ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KC Economics::KCM Development economics & emerging economies ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KC Economics::KCN Environmental economics ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning::RN The environment::RNC Applied ecology ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning::RN The environment::RND Environmental policy & protocols ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics::PHD Classical mechanics::PHDY Energy ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning::RN The environment::RNP Pollution & threats to the environment::RNPG Climate change
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 8
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    Taylor & Francis | Routledge
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-03-23
    Beschreibung: Regulating Coastal Zones addresses the knowledge gap concerning the legal and regulatory challenges of managing land in coastal zones across a broad range of political and socio-economic contexts. In recent years, coastal zone management has gained increasing attention from environmentalists, land use planners, and decision-makers across a broad spectrum of fields. Development pressures along coasts such as high-end tourism projects, luxury housing, ports, energy generation, military outposts, heavy industry, and large-scale enterprise compete with landscape preservation and threaten local history and culture. Leading experts present fifteen case studies among advanced-economy countries, selected to represent three groups of legal contexts: signatories to the 2008 Mediterranean ICZM Protocol, parties to the 2002 EU Recommendation on Integrated Coastal Zone Management, and the USA and Australia. This book is the first to address the legal-regulatory aspects of coastal land management from a systematic cross-national comparative perspective. By including both successful and less-effective strategies, it aims to inform professionals, graduate students, policy makers, and NGOs of the legal and socio-political challenges as well as the better practices from which others could learn.
    Schlagwort(e): Climate change ; Coastal development ; Coastal land management ; Coastal zones ; Environmental law ; Global warming ; ICZM ; Integrated Coastal Zone Management ; Landscape governance ; Landscape planning ; Land use planning ; Marine law ; Natural disasters ; Natural resources ; Planning law ; Sea-level rise ; Shorelines ; Urban planning ; thema EDItEUR::A The Arts::AM Architecture::AMV Landscape architecture and design ; thema EDItEUR::A The Arts::AM Architecture::AMV Landscape architecture and design::AMVD City and town planning: architectural aspects ; thema EDItEUR::L Law::LN Laws of specific jurisdictions and specific areas of law::LNK Environment, transport and planning law: general::LNKJ Environment law ; thema EDItEUR::W Lifestyle, Hobbies and Leisure::WN Nature and the natural world: general interest::WNW The Earth: natural history: general interest
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 9
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    Taylor & Francis | Routledge
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-14
    Beschreibung: This book examines the value of Adaptive Collaborative Management for facilitating learning and collaboration with local communities and beyond, utilising detailed studies of forest landscapes and communities. Many forest management proposals are based on top-down strategies, such as the Million Tree Initiatives, Forest Landscape Restoration (FLR) and REDD+, often neglecting local communities. In the context of the climate crisis, it is imperative that local peoples and communities are an integral part of all decisions relating to resource management. Rather than being seen as beneficiaries or people to be safeguarded, they should be seen as full partners, and Adaptive Collaborative Management is an approach which priorities the rights and roles of communities alongside the need to address the environmental crisis. The volume presents detailed case studies and real life examples from across the globe, promoting and prioritizing the voices of women and scholars and practitioners from the Global South who are often under-represented. Providing concrete examples of ways that a bottom-up approach can function to enhance development sustainably, via its practitioners and far beyond the locale in which they initially worked, this volume demonstrates the lasting utility of approaches like Adaptive Collaborative Management that emphasize local control, inclusiveness and local creativity in management. This book will be of great interest to students, scholars and practitioners working in the fields of conservation, forest management, community development and natural resource management and development studies more broadly.
    Schlagwort(e): Nature and the natural world: general interest ; Applied ecology ; Conservation of the environment ; The Earth: natural history: general interest ; Environmental management ; Environmental policy and protocols ; Environmental science, engineering and technology ; Climate change ; thema EDItEUR::W Lifestyle, Hobbies and Leisure::WN Nature and the natural world: general interest ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RN The environment::RNC Applied ecology ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RN The environment::RNK Conservation of the environment ; thema EDItEUR::W Lifestyle, Hobbies and Leisure::WN Nature and the natural world: general interest::WNW The Earth: natural history: general interest ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RN The environment::RNF Environmental management ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RN The environment::RND Environmental policy and protocols ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RN The environment::RNP Pollution and threats to the environment::RNPG Climate change
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 10
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    Taylor & Francis | Routledge
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-03-29
    Beschreibung: Indonesia’s wealth of natural resources is being exploited at breakneck speed, and environmental awareness and knowledge among the populace is limited. This book examines how young people learn about the environment to see how education can help to develop environmental awareness and avert vast environmental destruction, not only in Indonesia, but also in the Global South more generally. Based on in-depth studies conducted in the cities of Yogyakarta and Surabaya, complemented with surveys of students in secondary schools, Environmental Education in Indonesia examines educational curricula, pedagogy and "green" activities to reveal what is currently being done in schools to educate children about the environment. The book investigates the shortcomings in environment education, including underqualified teachers, the civil service mentality, the still-pervasive chalk-and-talk pedagogy and the effect of the examination system. It also analyses the role of local government in supporting (or not) environmental education, and the contribution of environmental NGOs. The book establishes that young people are not currently being exposed to effective environmental education, and the authors propose that the best and most culturally appropriate way forward in Indonesia is to frame pro-environment behaviour and responsibility as a form of citizenship, and specifically that environmental education should be taught as a separate subject. This book will be of great interest to students and scholars of contemporary Indonesia and Southeast Asia, education for sustainability and environmental education, as well as sustainability and sustainable development more generally. The Open Access version of this book, available at http://www.tandfebooks.com/doi/view/10.4324/9780429397981, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 license.
    Schlagwort(e): Educational strategies and policy ; Teaching of a specific subject ; Applied ecology ; Environmental policy and protocols ; Environmental science, engineering and technology ; Climate change ; Development studies ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education::JNF Educational strategies & policy ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education::JNS Teaching of specific groups & persons with special educational needs::JNSV Teaching of students with English as a second language (TESOL) ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning::RN The environment::RNC Applied ecology ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning::RN The environment::RND Environmental policy & protocols ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TQ Environmental science, engineering & technology ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning::RN The environment::RNP Pollution & threats to the environment::RNPG Climate change ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GT Interdisciplinary studies::GTF Development studies ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education::JNF Educational strategies and policy ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education::JNU Teaching of a specific subject ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RN The environment::RNC Applied ecology ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RN The environment::RND Environmental policy and protocols ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RN The environment::RNP Pollution and threats to the environment::RNPG Climate change ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GT Interdisciplinary studies::GTP Development studies
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 11
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: The study and management of the groundwater resources of a large, deep, coastal, karstic aquifer represent a very complex hydrogeological problem. Here, this problem is successfully approached by using an equivalent porous continuous medium (EPCM) to represent a karstic Apulian aquifer (southern Italy). This aquifer, which is located on a peninsula and extends to hundreds of metres depth, is the sole local source of high-quality water resources. These resources are at risk due to overexploitation, climate change and seawater intrusion. The model was based on MODFLOW and SEAWAT codes. Piezometric and salinity variations from 1930 to 2060 were simulated under three past scenarios (up to 1999) and three future scenarios that consider climate change, different types of discharge, and changes in sea level and salinity. The model was validated using surveyed piezometric and salinity data. An evident piezometric drop was confirmed for the past period (until 1999); a similar dramatic drop appears to be likely in the future. The lateral intrusion and upconing effects of seawater intrusion were non-negligible in the past and will be considerable in the future. All phenomena considered here, including sea level and sea salinity, showed non-negligible effects on coastal groundwater.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 115-128
    Beschreibung: 5A. Energia e georisorse
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: embargoed_20160501
    Schlagwort(e): Karstic coastal aquifer ; Numerical modelling ; Seawater intrusion ; Climate change ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.02. Hydrology::03.02.06. Water resources
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 12
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-06-21
    Beschreibung: In Quellwasserproben rund um den Ringseitert-Vulkankomplex südöstlich der Gemeinde Kirchweiler (Westeifel) wurden weit über dem Geringfügigkeitsschwellenwert erhöhte Vanadiumkonzentrationen mit einem Maximalwert von 28 μg/l nachgewiesen. Generell zeigten die im Bereich der Känozoischen Vulkanite entnommenen Wasserproben erheblich höhere Konzentrationen als die im umliegenden Paläozoikum. Lokale Vulkanitproben weisen bis zu vierfach über dem Krustenmittel erhöhte Gesamtgehalte an Vanadium auf. Elutionsuntersuchungen ergaben eine erhöhte Vanadiumfreisetzung. Zur weiteren mikroanalytischen Suche nach der geogenen Quelle für diese Anomalie wurden Dünnschliffe der Gesteinsproben hergestellt und mittels Elektronenmikrosonde analysiert. Die Elementverteilungsbilder zeigten nicht die erwartete Korrelation zwischen den Elementen Fe und V, wohl jedoch eine Korrelation zwischen P und V. Hotspot-Analysen von V‑reichen Mineralkörnern weisen auf das Mineral Fluorapatit mit bis zu 5 Gew.-% Vanadat als Substitution für das Phosphat als geogene Vanadiumquelle in den Vulkaniten hin. Eine hydrogeochemische Modellierung mit PhreePlot zeigt übereinstimmend, dass die Wasserproben mit erhöhten Vanadiumkonzentrationen alle im pe/pH-Prädominanzfeld der Vanadat(V)-Komplexe liegen.
    Beschreibung: Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz (1030)
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:551.46 ; Volcanic aquifer ; Vanadium mobility ; Vanadate ; V‑bearing Fluorapatite
    Sprache: Deutsch
    Materialart: doc-type:article
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  • 13
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-06-21
    Beschreibung: North Africa is considered a climate change hot spot. Existing studies either focus on the physical aspects of climate change or discuss the social ones. The present article aims to address this divide by assessing and comparing the climate change vulnerability of Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, and Tunisia and linking it to its social implications. The vulnerability assessment focuses on climate change exposure, water resources, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity. The results suggest that all countries are exposed to strong temperature increases and a high drought risk under climate change. Algeria is most vulnerable to climate change, mainly due to the country’s high sensitivity. Across North Africa, the combination of climate change and strong population growth is very likely to further aggravate the already scarce water situation. The so-called Arab Spring has shown that social unrest is partly caused by unmet basic needs of the population for food and water. Thus, climate change may become an indirect driver of social instability in North Africa. To mitigate the impact of climate change, it is important to reduce economic and livelihood dependence on rain-fed agriculture, strengthen sustainable land use practices, and increase the adaptive capacity. Further, increased regional cooperation and sub-national vulnerability assessments are needed.
    Beschreibung: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659
    Beschreibung: National Geographic Society http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100006363
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:304.28 ; Climate change ; Vulnerability ; Resilience ; Water ; Conflict ; North Africa
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 14
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-06-21
    Beschreibung: The global tide is simulated with the global ocean general circulation model ICON-O using a newly developed tidal module, which computes the full tidal potential. The simulated coastal M2 amplitudes, derived by a discrete Fourier transformation of the output sea level time series, are compared with the according values derived from satellite altimetry (TPXO-8 atlas). The experiments are repeated with four uniform and sixteen irregular triangular grids. The results show that the quality of the coastal tide simulation depends primarily on the coastal resolution and that the ocean interior can be resolved up to twenty times lower without causing considerable reductions in quality. The mesh transition zones between areas of different resolutions are formed by cell bisection and subsequent local spring optimisation tolerating a triangular cell’s maximum angle up to 84°. Numerical problems with these high-grade non-equiangular cells were not encountered. The results emphasise the numerical feasibility and potential efficiency of highly irregular computational meshes used by ICON-O.
    Beschreibung: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:551.46 ; Ocean modelling ; Tides ; Unstructured grids ; Mesh refinement ; ICON-O
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: doc-type:article
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  • 15
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-06-21
    Beschreibung: Tidally dominated coasts are directly affected not only by projected rise in mean sea level, but also by changes in tidal dynamics due to sea level rise and bathymetric changes. By use of a hydrodynamic model, which covers the entire German Bight (South-Eastern North Sea), we analyse the effects of sea level rise and potential bathymetric changes in the Wadden Sea on tidal current velocities. The model results indicate that tidal current velocities in the tidal inlets and channels of the Wadden Sea are increased in response to sea level rise. This is explained by the increased ratio of tidal prism to tidal inlet cross-sectional area, which is due to the characteristic hypsometry of tidal basins in the Wadden Sea including wide and shallow tidal flats and relatively narrow tidal channels. The results further indicate that sea level rise decreases ebb dominance and increases flood dominance in tidal channels. This is, amongst others, related to a decreased intertidal area again demonstrating the strong interaction between tidal wave and tidal basin hypsometry in the Wadden Sea. The bathymetry scenario defined in this study includes elevated tidal flats and deepened tidal channels, which is considered a potential future situation under accelerated sea level rise. Application of these bathymetric changes to the model mostly compensates the effects of sea level rise. Furthermore, changes in current velocity due to the altered bathymetry are in the same order of magnitude as changes due to mean sea level rise. This highlights the significance of considering potential bathymetric changes in the Wadden Sea for regional projections of the tidal response to sea level rise.
    Beschreibung: Bundesanstalt für Wasserbau (4234)
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:551.46 ; Sea level rise ; Tidal basin ; Tidal asymmetry ; Hypsometric control ; Hydrodynamic model ; Wadden Sea
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: doc-type:article
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  • 16
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-06-21
    Beschreibung: The numerical stability of ocean circulation models is of high significance in operational forecasting. A substantial improvement in numerical stability of the 3D-ocean model HBM could be achieved by the implementation of new realizability criteria in the turbulence closure scheme. Realizability criteria which were already well documented for closure functions without double diffusion were therefore extended to those using double diffusion. A purely technical validation method called ε-test which is suitable for the detection of numerical stability problems is presented, and the effect of the development in turbulence model is demonstrated under severe weather conditions during extreme storm events. Evaluation of statistics of longer simulations indicate that instabilities appeared only locally and temporary; nevertheless, a significant impact on drift products relying on the current forecasts could be demonstrated, which underlines the importance of realizability in turbulence closure schemes in comprehensive operational model systems including ocean circulation and downstream drift components.
    Beschreibung: Bundesamt für Seeschifffahrt und Hydrographie (BSH) (4225)
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:551.46 ; turbulence closure ; numerical stability / realizability ; operational forecasting systems
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: doc-type:article
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  • 17
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-06-21
    Beschreibung: Energy transfer mechanisms between the atmosphere and the deep ocean have been studied for many years. Their importance to the ocean’s energy balance and possible implications on mixing are widely accepted. The slab model by Pollard (Deep-Sea Res Oceanogr Abstr 17(4):795–812, 1970) is a well-established simulation of near-inertial motion and energy inferred through wind-ocean interaction. Such a model is set up with hourly wind forcing from the NCEP-CFSR reanalysis that allows computations up to high latitudes without loss of resonance. Augmenting the one-dimensional model with the horizontal divergence of the near-inertial current field leads to direct estimates of energy transfer spectra of internal wave radiation from the mixed layer base into the ocean interior. Calculations using this hybrid model are carried out for the North Atlantic during the years 1989 and 1996, which are associated with positive and negative North Atlantic Oscillation index, respectively. Results indicate a range of meridional regimes with distinct energy transfer ratios. These are interpreted in terms of the mixed layer depth, the buoyancy frequency at the mixed layer base, and the wind field structure. The average ratio of radiated energy fluxes from the mixed layer to near-inertial wind power for both years is approximately 12%. The dependence on the wind structure is supported by simulations of idealized wind stress fronts with variable width and translation speeds.
    Beschreibung: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft https://doi.org/10.13039/501100001659
    Beschreibung: Canadian Network for Research and Innovation in Machining Technology, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada https://doi.org/10.13039/501100002790
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:551.46 ; Near inertial waves ; Wind ocean coupling ; Internal gravity waves
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: doc-type:article
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  • 18
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-06-21
    Beschreibung: The interactions between barotropic tides and mesoscale processes were studied using the results of a numerical model in which tidal forcing was turned on and off. The research area covered part of the East Atlantic Ocean, a steep continental slope, and the European Northwest Shelf. Tides affected the baroclinic fields at much smaller spatial scales than the barotropic tidal scales. Changes in the horizontal patterns of the M2 and M4 tidal constituents provided information about the two-way interactions between barotropic tides and mesoscale processes. The interaction between the atmosphere and ocean measured by the work done by wind was also affected by the barotropic tidal forcing. Tidal forcing intensified the transient processes and resulted in a substantial transformation of the wave number spectra in the transition areas from the deep ocean to the shelf. Tides flattened the sea-surface height spectra down to ~ k−2.5 power law, thus reflecting the large contribution of the processes in the high-frequency range compared to quasi-geostrophic motion. The spectra along sections parallel or normal to the continental slope differ from each other, which indicates that mesoscale turbulence was not isotropic. An analysis of the vorticity spectra showed that the flattening was mostly due to internal tides. Compared with the deep ocean, no substantial scale selectivity was observed on the shelf area. Particle tracking showed that the lengths of the Lagrangian trajectories increased by approximately 40% if the barotropic tidal forcing was activated, which contributed to changed mixing properties. The ratio between the horizontal and vertical scales of motion varied regionally depending on whether barotropic tidal forcing was included. The overall conclusion is that the barotropic tides affect substantially the diapycnal mixing.
    Beschreibung: Ministry of Science and Culture of Lower Saxony
    Beschreibung: BMBF
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:551.46 ; Tides ; Mesoscale processes ; Nonlinear interactions ; Diapycnal mixing ; Spectral energy ; European Northwest Shelf
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: doc-type:article
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 19
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-06-21
    Beschreibung: The European CORDEX (EURO-CORDEX) initiative is a large voluntary effort that seeks to advance regional climate and Earth system science in Europe. As part of the World Climate Research Programme (WCRP) - Coordinated Regional Downscaling Experiment (CORDEX), it shares the broader goals of providing a model evaluation and climate projection framework and improving communication with both the General Circulation Model (GCM) and climate data user communities. EURO-CORDEX oversees the design and coordination of ongoing ensembles of regional climate projections of unprecedented size and resolution (0.11° EUR-11 and 0.44° EUR-44 domains). Additionally, the inclusion of empirical-statistical downscaling allows investigation of much larger multi-model ensembles. These complementary approaches provide a foundation for scientific studies within the climate research community and others. The value of the EURO-CORDEX ensemble is shown via numerous peer-reviewed studies and its use in the development of climate services. Evaluations of the EUR-44 and EUR-11 ensembles also show the benefits of higher resolution. However, significant challenges remain. To further advance scientific understanding, two flagship pilot studies (FPS) were initiated. The first investigates local-regional phenomena at convection-permitting scales over central Europe and the Mediterranean in collaboration with the Med-CORDEX community. The second investigates the impacts of land cover changes on European climate across spatial and temporal scales. Over the coming years, the EURO-CORDEX community looks forward to closer collaboration with other communities, new advances, supporting international initiatives such as the IPCC reports, and continuing to provide the basis for research on regional climate impacts and adaptation in Europe.
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:551.6 ; EURO-CORDEX ; CORDEX ; Climate change ; Regional climate models ; Regional climate modelling
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: doc-type:article
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  • 20
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-06-19
    Beschreibung: The contribution of sea-state-induced processes to sea-level variability is investigated through ocean-wave coupled simulations. These experiments are performed with a high-resolution configuration of the Geestacht COAstal model SysTem (GCOAST), implemented in the Northeast Atlantic, the North Sea and the Baltic Sea which are considered as connected basins. The GCOAST system accounts for wave-ocean interactions and the ocean circulation relies on the NEMO (Nucleus for European Modelling of the Ocean) ocean model, while ocean-wave simulations are performed using the spectral wave model WAM. The objective is to demonstrate the contribution of wave-induced processes to sea level at different temporal and spatial scales of variability. When comparing the ocean-wave coupled experiment with in situ data, a significant reduction of the errors (up to 40% in the North Sea) is observed, compared with the reference. Spectral analysis shows that the reduction of the errors is mainly due to an improved representation of sea-level variability at temporal scales up to 12 h. Investigating the representation of sea-level extremes in the experiments, significant contributions (〉 20%) due to wave-induced processes are observed both over continental shelf areas and in the Atlantic, associated with different patterns of variability. Sensitivity experiments to the impact of the different wave-induced processes show a major impact of wave-modified surface stress over the shelf areas in the North Sea and in the Baltic Sea. In the Atlantic, the signature of wave-induced processes is driven by the interaction of wave-modified momentum flux and turbulent mixing, and it shows its impact to the occurrence of mesoscale features of the ocean circulation. Wave-induced energy fluxes also have a role (10%) in the modulation of surge at the shelf break.
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:551.46 ; Sea state ; Ocean-wave interactions ; Sea level ; Surge
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: doc-type:article
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  • 21
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-06-23
    Beschreibung: Die Ergebnisse regionaler Klimaprojektionen für Deutschland weisen auf eine Zunahme der mittleren Lufttemperatur und eine innerjährliche Verschiebung der Niederschläge – mit feuchteren Wintern und trockeneren Sommern – hin. Darüber hinaus werden sich regional die Häufigkeit, Intensität und Dauer von Hitzewellen, Trockenperioden und Starkregenereignissen weiter erhöhen. Durch diese Veränderungen wird sich auch der Jahresgang der Grundwasserneubildung ändern. Als Folge dessen können sich Änderungen bei den hohen, mittleren und tiefen Grundwasserständen, Grundwasserschwankungsbreiten und dem Grundwasserdargebot ergeben. Aber nicht nur die Ressource Grundwasser wird durch die Folgen des Klimawandels betroffen. Auch die gesamte Infrastruktur – von der Förderung bis zur Verteilungsleitung zum Kunden – kann beeinträchtigt werden. Neben den direkten Einflüssen sind auch indirekte Beeinflussungen durch Kaskadeneffekte – beispielsweise ausgehend vom Energiesektor – möglich. Darum gilt es integrative, ganzheitliche und systemische Lösungen zu erarbeiten, um die Funktionalität der kritischen Infrastruktur dauerhaft auch unter Berücksichtigung der Folgen des Klimawandels gewährleisten zu können.
    Beschreibung: Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht - Zentrum für Material- und Küstenforschung GmbH (HZG) (4216)
    Beschreibung: Climate change impacts on groundwater use—impacts and action needs
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:304.28 ; Klimawandel ; Wasserversorgung ; Kritische Infrastruktur ; Anpassung ; Climate change ; Impacts ; Water supply ; Critical infrastructure ; Adaptation
    Sprache: Deutsch
    Materialart: doc-type:article
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  • 22
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-08-17
    Beschreibung: Für die öffentliche Trinkwasserversorgung in Süddeutschland wird größtenteils Grund- und Quellwasser genutzt. Der Kenntnis über die Entwicklung des Bodenwasserhaushalts und insbesondere der Grundwasserneubildung kommt somit eine große Bedeutung zu. Im Rahmen der Kooperation KLIWA (Klimaveränderung und Konsequenzen für die Wasserwirtschaft, www.kliwa.de) wurde die Entwicklung des Bodenwasserhaushaltes und der Grundwasserneubildung aus Niederschlag für den Zeitraum von 1951 bis 2019 für die Länder Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen und Rheinland-Pfalz mit dem Bodenwasserhaushaltmodell GWN-BW modelliert. Seit Ende der 1980er-Jahre zeigt sich ein Anstieg der mittleren jährlichen Temperatur in Süddeutschland. Die jährlichen Niederschlagssummen haben sich in der jüngeren Vergangenheit (seit 2003) reduziert und somit eine deutliche Verringerung der Grundwasserneubildung aus Niederschlag bewirkt. Gleichzeitig ist eine Zunahme des Trockenheitsindex (Anzahl an Tagen mit Füllung des Bodenwasserspeichers 〈 30 % der nutzbaren Feldkapazität) zu erkennen. Häufiger werdende und länger anhaltende Trockenperioden stellen auch die Wasserwirtschaft zunehmend vor Herausforderungen und bedürfen der frühzeitigen Entwicklung von Handlungsoptionen, z. B. auf der Basis des hier vorgestellten „Trockenwetterdargebots“, um Nutzungskonflikte zu entschärfen.
    Beschreibung: LUBW Landesanstalt für Umwelt Baden-Württemberg (5309)
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:551.49 ; Wasserversorgung ; Bodenwasserhaushalt ; Grundwasserneubildung ; Klimawandel ; Handlungsoption ; Anpassung ; Water supply ; Soil water balance ; Groundwater recharge ; Climate change ; Action recommendation ; Adaption
    Sprache: Deutsch
    Materialart: doc-type:article
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 23
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-08-18
    Beschreibung: Salinity observations in the Vietnamese upwelling area in June 2016 indicated a significant increase in the salinity of the maximum salinity water (MSW). The source of MSW inflow into the South China Sea (SCS) is a mixture of the Western North Pacific Central Water and the North Pacific Equatorial Water. Although the East Asian winter monsoon is correlated with both the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), the mean salinity of MSW is only spuriously lag correlated to the PDO, but highly correlated to all tropical climate modes (except El Niño Modoki) with a time lag up to 7 months. Composite analyses indicate that the modulation of ENSO by a PDO in a positive phase results in optimal inflow conditions. A comparison of two post-El Niño years with different PDO polarity (negative in 2003 and positive in 2016) shows that the dominant driver is the variability in outgoing long-wave radiation (OLR) and in zonal wind in the tropics. In 2003, enhanced convective activity over the West Pacific warm pool resulted in a cyclonic circulation. In 2016, convective activity was weak and an anticyclonic circulation was intensified, which transported the saltier North Pacific Equatorial Water into the SCS. This observed increase in the salinity of MSW requires a modification of the previous definitions of characteristic water masses, which is presented here. The question of whether or not the increase in MSW salinity is a transient phenomenon cannot be answered. It might be possible that the increase in salinity is related to global warming.
    Beschreibung: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft DFG
    Beschreibung: Leibniz-Institut für Ostseeforschung Warnemünde (IOW) (3484)
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:551.46 ; ENSO ; PDO ; East Asian monsoon ; Water mass analysis ; South China Sea ; Western Tropical Pacific
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: doc-type:article
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  • 24
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-08-08
    Beschreibung: Die Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe (BGR) führte in den Jahren 2000–2014 umfangreiche (etwa 5900 km2) aerogeophysikalische Erkundungen an der niedersächsischen Nordseeküste durch. Die Aeroelektromagnetik liefert Informationen über die elektrisch leitfähigen Strukturen im Erduntergrund und ermöglicht die Unterscheidung von Süß- und Salzwasser wie auch von Tonen und Sanden. Im Landesamt für Bergbau, Energie und Geologie (LBEG) sowie am Leibniz Institut für Angewandte Geophysik (LIAG) wurden diese Daten zur Kartierung der Tiefenlage der Süß‑/Salzwassergrenze genutzt. Dadurch ist unter anderem eine detaillierte Karte der Grundwasserversalzung innerhalb der küstennahen Aquifere entlang der niedersächsischen Nordseeküste im Maßstab 1:50.000 entstanden. Diese zeigt den aktuellen Stand der Grundwasserversalzung, abgeleitet aus den gewonnenen Elektromagnetik-Modellen. Die Modelle waren auch Grundlage für eine hydraulische Modellierung der Süßwasserlinse der Nordseeinsel Borkum. Darauf aufbauende Simulationen zeigen die Entwicklung der Grundwassersituation für den Zeitraum bis 2100.
    Beschreibung: Landesamt für Bergbau, Energie und Geologie (LBEG) (4273)
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:551.49 ; Grundwasserversalzung ; Modellierung ; Aeroelektromagnetik ; Klimawandel ; Süßwasserlinse ; Fresh-saline groundwater Interface ; Climate change ; Airborne electromagnetics ; Freshwater lenses
    Sprache: Deutsch
    Materialart: doc-type:article
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 25
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-07-27
    Beschreibung: Table Bay, South Africa, is a typical headland-bay system with a shoreline that can be described by a logarithmic spiral. A peculiarity and unique feature of Table Bay is the juxtaposition of Robben Island opposite its headland. As a consequence, the bathymetry defines an ellipsoidal basin which was postulated to potentially resonate in the form of long-period standing waves (seiches). One aim of this study, therefore, was to investigate whether any evidence for such resonant oscillations could be detected in the geomorphology and sediment distribution patterns. Indeed, the ellipsoidal shape of the basin can be framed by two converging log-spirals with their centres located opposite each other, one off Robben Island and the other on the Cape Town side of the bay. The so-called apex line, which divides the two spirals into equal parts is aligned SW–NE, i.e. more or less parallel to the direction of ocean wave propagation. The distribution patterns of all sedimentary parameters were found to be characterised by a strikingly similar trend to either side of the apex line. This supports the hypothesis that the basin of Table Bay appears to resonate in the form of a mode 1 standing wave, with the node positioned above the apex line in the centre of the bay. The maximum period of such a standing wave was calculated to be around 37 min. The study demonstrates that large-scale sediment distribution patterns can reveal the existence of specific hydrodynamic processes in coastal embayments. It is recommended that this phenomenon be investigated in greater detail aimed at verifying the existence of resonant oscillations in Table Bay and, in the event, at establishing its precise nature and trigger mechanism.
    Beschreibung: Council for Geoscience and CSIR South Africa
    Beschreibung: Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung (SGN) (3507)
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:551.46 ; Oceanography ; South Africa ; Table Bay ; ellipsoidal shape ; sediment distribution ; seiches
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: doc-type:article
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  • 26
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-07-27
    Beschreibung: Sea-level rise represents a severe hazard for populations living within low-elevation coastal zones and is already largely affecting coastal communities worldwide. As sea level continues to rise following unabated greenhouse gas emissions, the exposure of coastal communities to inundation and erosion will increase exponentially. These impacts will be further magnified under extreme storm conditions. In this paper, we focus on one of the most valuable coastal real estate markets globally (Palm Beach, FL). We use XBeach, an open-source hydro and morphodynamic model, to assess the impact of a major tropical cyclone (Hurricane Matthew, 2016) under three different sea-level scenarios. The first scenario (modern sea level) serves as a baseline against which other model runs are evaluated. The other two runs use different 2100 sea-level projections, localized to the study site: (i) IPCC RCP 8.5 (0.83 m by 2100) and (ii) same as (i), but including enhanced Antarctic ice loss (1.62 m by 2100). Our results show that the effective doubling of future sea level under heightened Antarctic ice loss amplifies flow velocity and wave height, leading to a 46% increase in eroded beach volume and the overtopping of coastal protection structures. This further exacerbates the vulnerability of coastal properties on the island, leading to significant increases in parcel inundation.
    Beschreibung: Universität Bremen (1013)
    Beschreibung: https://github.com/pboyden/Palm_Beach_XBeach
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:551.46 ; Oceanography ; tropical cyclones ; coastal areas ; sea level scenarios ; hydrodynamic modeling ; morphodynamic modeling
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: doc-type:article
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  • 27
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-07-29
    Beschreibung: Stabilizing agricultural production is fundamental to food security. At the national level, increasing the effective diversity of cultivated crops has been found to increase temporal production stability, i.e., the year-to-year stability of total caloric production of all crops combined. Here, we specifically investigated these effects at the regional level for the European Union and tested the effect of crop diversity in relation to agricultural inputs, soil properties, climate instability, and time on caloric, protein, and fat stability, as we hypothesized that the effect of diversity is context dependent. We further investigated these relationships for specific countries. We found that greater crop diversity was consistently associated with an increase in production stability, particularly in regions with large areas equipped for irrigation and low soil type diversity. For instance, in Spain and Italy, crop diversity showed the strongest positive effect among all predictors, while on the European level, the stabilizing effect of nitrogen use was substantially higher. In Germany, the crop diversity-stability relationship was weak, suggesting that crops react similarly to climatic, economic, and political factors or are grown in the same periods. With this study, we substantiate previous findings that crop diversity stabilizes agricultural caloric production and extend these with regard to protein and fat. The results elucidate the key drivers that enhance production stability for different European countries and regions, which is of key importance for a comparably productive agricultural region like Europe.
    Beschreibung: Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001656
    Beschreibung: Helmholtz-Zentrum für Umweltforschung GmbH - UFZ (4215)
    Schlagwort(e): ddc: ; Agroecology ; Climate change ; Resilience ; Sustainability
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: doc-type:article
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  • 28
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-08-01
    Beschreibung: Cereal crop production in sub-Saharan Africa has not achieved the much-needed increase in yields to foster economic development and food security. Maize yields in the region’s semi-arid agroecosystems are constrained by highly variable rainfall, which may be worsened by climate change. Thus, the Tanzanian government has prioritized agriculture as an adaptation sector in its intended nationally determined contribution, and crop management adjustments as a key investment area in its Agricultural Sector Development Programme. In this study, we investigated how future changes in maize yields under different climate scenarios can be countered by regional adjusted crop management and cultivar adaptation strategies. A crop model was used to simulate maize yields in the Singida region of Tanzania for the baseline period 1980–2012 and under three future climate projections for 2020–2060 and 2061–2099. Adaptation strategies to improve yields were full irrigation, deficit irrigation, mulch and nitrogen addition and another cultivar. According to our model results, increase in temperature is the main driver of future maize yield decline. Increased respiration and phenological development were associated with lower maize yields of 16% in 2020–2060 and 20% in 2061–2099 compared to the 1980–2012 baseline. Surprisingly, none of the management strategies significantly improved yields; however, a different maize variety that was tested as an alternative coping strategy performed better. This study suggests that investment in accessibility of improved varieties and investigation of maize traits that have the potential to perform well in a warmer future are better suited for sustaining maize production in the semi-arid region than adjustments in crop management.
    Beschreibung: Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF)
    Beschreibung: Universität Hohenheim (3153)
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:631 ; Maize ; Climate change ; Adaptation ; Model ; Tanzania ; NDC
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: doc-type:article
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  • 29
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-08-01
    Beschreibung: Sao Tome and Principe is a small insular country in the west coast of Central Africa. The small dimensions of the islands and the limited natural resources put these islands under highly vulnerable to climate change. To assess the possible future impacts and risks on their agricultural activities, the high-resolution 4-km downscaled climate change projections using Eta regional climate model are used. A crop risk index (CRI) is proposed to assess the risk of climate change on cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.), pepper (Piper nigrum L. and Piper guinesse L.), taro (Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott), and maize (Zea mays L.). The index takes into account the vulnerability to climate conditions and the crop yield in the future, and it is classified into very-high, high, moderate, low, and very-low. The climate change projections indicate increase in the risk of taro crop, partly due to thermal stress and partly due to the susceptibility to the leaf blight crop disease in taro. The risk of production of the pepper crop is very-high, mainly due to water stress. In mountain regions, the greater risk is due to the thermal stress caused by low temperatures. The cocoa crop is at risk due to water stress, mainly in the northwestern part of the Sao Tome Island, where major local production occurs. The projection indicates increase of the area with very-high risk to maize crops due to the increase of thermal stress and susceptibility to rust. In addition, in parts of the coastal regions, the risk changed from very-low to high risk, due to the low productivity potential. In general, the risks of the four major crops of Sao Tome and Principe increase in the future climate conditions.
    Beschreibung: UNEP, FUNDEP, Sao Tome and Principe National Institute of Meteorology
    Beschreibung: CNPq
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:631 ; Crop risk index ; Climate change ; Small Islands Developing States ; Eta model ; Agriculture risk assessment
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: doc-type:article
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  • 30
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-08-01
    Beschreibung: Changing climate conditions are supposed to have particularly strong impacts on agricultural production in the tropics with strong implications on food security. Ethiopia’s economy is profoundly dominated by agriculture, contributing to around 40% of the gross domestic product. Thereby, Ethiopia is one of the most vulnerable countries to the impact of climate change and has a wide gap in regional climate change impact studies. In this study, we systematically investigate climate change impacts on yields for the Gambella region in Ethiopia, exemplarily for maize. Here, we show how yields change until 2100 for RCPs 2.6, 4.5, and 8.5 from a climate model ensemble under rainfed and irrigated conditions. While rainfed yields decrease by 15% and 14% respectively for RCPs 2.6 and 4.5, yields decrease by up to 32% under RCP 8.5. Except for RCP 8.5, yields are not further decreasing after 2040–2069. We found that temperature increase, changing soil water availability, and atmospheric CO2 concentration have different effects on the simulated yield potential. Our results demonstrate the dominance of heat response under future climate conditions in the tropical Gambella region, contributing to 85% of total yield changes. Accordingly, irrigation will lose effectiveness for increasing yield when temperature becomes the limiting factor. CO2, on the other hand, contributes positively to yield changes by 8.9% for RCP 8.5. For all scenarios, the growing period is shorted due to increasing temperature by up to 29 days for RCP 8.5. Our results suggest that new varieties with higher growing degree days are primarily required to the region for adapting to future climate conditions.
    Beschreibung: Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (1024)
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:631 ; Climate change ; Agriculture ; Regional study ; Crop model
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: doc-type:article
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  • 31
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-08-09
    Beschreibung: Salinization of the upper aquifer of the northern Elbe-Weser region almost extends to the surface. Chloride content exceeds 250 mg/l and the groundwater is therefore, according to the German Drinking Water Ordinance, not suitable as drinking water. The chloride content in the aquifer originates from early flooding with seawater which occurred during the Holocene sea level rise. Depth and extent of the salinization were mapped by airborne electromagnetic surveys and validated by groundwater analyses. In the transition zone between the marshlands and geest areas, the fresh-saline groundwater interface falls to a depth of 〉 −175 m NHN. Due to the extensive drainage of the marshlands, seepage of fresh groundwater is impeded. Instead, an upconing of the fresh-saline groundwater interface appears due to an upwardly directed hydraulic gradient. Due to climate change, chloride concentrations will increase along the coastlines. Further inland, a decrease of chloride content in near-surface groundwater will occur.
    Beschreibung: Interreg http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100013276
    Beschreibung: Landesamt für Bergbau, Energie und Geologie (LBEG) (4273)
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:551.49 ; Fresh-saline groundwater interface ; HEM ; Drainage ; Cl/Br ratio ; Climate change ; Süß‑/Salzwassergrenze ; HEM ; Cl/Br-Verhältnis ; Klimawandel
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: doc-type:article
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 32
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-05-30
    Beschreibung: Past vegetation, fire, and climate dynamics, as well as human impact, have been reconstructed for the first time in the highlands of the Gilan province in the Alborz mountains (above the Hyrcanian forest) for the last 4,300 cal yrs bp. Multi-proxy analysis, including pollen, spores, non-pollen palynomorphs, charcoal, and geochemical analysis, has been applied to investigate the environmental changes at 2,280 m a.s.l., above the Hyrcanian forest. Dominant steppe vegetation occurred in the study area throughout the recorded period. The formation of the studied mire deposits, as well as vegetation composition, suggest a change to wetter climatic conditions after 4,300 until 1,700 cal yrs bp. Fires were frequent, which may imply long-lasting anthropogenic activities in the area. Less vegetation cover with a marked decrease of the Moisture Index (MI) suggests drier conditions between 1,700 and 1,000 cal yrs bp. A high proportion of Cichorioideae and Amaranthaceae, as well as the reduction of trees, in particular Fagus and Quercus, at lower elevations, indicate human activities such as intense livestock grazing and deforestation. Soil erosion as the result of less vegetation due to dry conditions and/or human activities can be reconstructed from a marked increase of Glomus spores and high values of K and Ti. Since 1,000 cal yrs bp, the increasing MI, as well as the rise of Poaceae and Cyperaceae together with forest recovery, suggest a change to wetter conditions. The occurrence of still frequent Cichorioideae and Plantago lanceolata along with Sordaria reflect continued intense grazing of livestock by humans.
    Beschreibung: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DE)
    Beschreibung: Georg-August-Universität Göttingen (1018)
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:561 ; Late Holocene ; Northern Iran ; Multi-proxy studies ; Hyrcanian mountain vegetation ; Climate change ; Human impact
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: doc-type:article
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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