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  • conceptual change  (6)
  • Springer  (6)
  • Public Library of Science
  • Natural Sciences in General  (6)
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  • Articles  (6)
  • Other Sources
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  • Springer  (6)
  • Public Library of Science
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Foundations of science 4 (1999), S. 133-153 
    ISSN: 1572-8471
    Keywords: conceptual change ; negation ; falsification ; conventionalism ; diagnostic reasoning
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: Abstract There has been little research into the weak kindsof negating hypotheses. Hypotheses may be unfalsifiable. In this case it is impossible tofind a contradiction in some area of the conceptualsystems in which they are incorporated.Notwithstanding this fact, it is sometimes necessaryto construct ways of rejecting the unfalsifiablehypothesis at hand by resorting to some external forms of negation, external because wewant to avoid any arbitrary and subjectiveelimination, which would be rationally orepistemologically unjustified. I will consider akind of ``weak'' (unfalsifiable) hypotheses that arehard to negate and the ways for making it easy. Inthese cases the subject can ``rationally'' decide towithdraw his hypotheses even in contexts where it is``impossible'' to find ``explicit'' contradictions: theuse of negation as failure (an interestingtechnique for negating hypotheses and accessing newones suggested by artificial intelligence) isilluminating. I plan to explore whether this kind ofnegation can be employed to model hypothesiswithdrawal in Poincaré's conventionalism of theprinciples of physics and in Freudian analyticreasoning.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of science education and technology 3 (1994), S. 161-185 
    ISSN: 1573-1839
    Keywords: Relativity ; conceptual change ; cognitive science ; physics education
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General , Technology
    Notes: Abstract We describe a recent project that explored the use of interactive computer software for teaching Einstein's special theory of relativity to secondary school studients. Our approach couples results from recent cognitive science research with modern techniques for using computers to help students visualize and experiment with otherwise inaccessible phenomena. One the products of this research is RelLab, a computer-based exploratory tool for constructing “gedanken,” or thought experiments involving physical systems in relative motion. We will describe our efforts in designing and testing this software for affecting change in students' concepts of space and time. Relativity is ideally suited for such a study because understanding it requires a radical reconceptualization of these quantities.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of science education and technology 2 (1993), S. 373-388 
    ISSN: 1573-1839
    Keywords: Simulations ; conceptual change ; computers ; science education ; flotation ; density
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General , Technology
    Notes: Abstract In this paper, we consider a way computer simulations can be used to address the problem of teaching for conceptual change and understanding. After identifying three levels of understanding of a natural phenomenon (concrete, conceptual, and metaconceptual) that need to be addressed in school science, and classifying computer model systems and simulations more generally in terms of the design choices facing the programmer, we argue that there are ways to design computer simulations that can make them more powerful than laboratory models. In particular, computer simulations that provide an explicit representation for a set of interrelated concepts allow students to perceive what cannot be directly observed in laboratory experiments: representations for the concepts and ideas used for interpreting the experiment. Further, by embedding the relevant physical laws directly into the program code, these simulations allow for genuine discoveries. We describe how we applied these ideas in developing a computer simulation for a particular set of purposes: to help students grasp the distinction between mass and density and to understand the phenomenon of flotation in terms of these concepts. Finally, we reflect on the kinds of activities such conceptually enhanced simulations allow that may be important in bringing about the desired conceptual change.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of science education and technology 9 (2000), S. 311-325 
    ISSN: 1573-1839
    Keywords: Computer simulation ; visualization ; imagery ; conceptual change ; physics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General , Technology
    Notes: Abstract Galileo's contemporaries as well as today's students have difficulty understanding relative motion. We hypothesize that the construction of visual models, resolution of these visual models with numeric models, and, in many cases, rejection of commitments such as the belief in one “true” velocity, are necessary for students to form integrated mental models of relative motion events. To investigate students' relative motion problem solving, high school science students were videotaped in classroom and laboratory settings as they performed collaborative predict-observe-explain activities with relative motion computer simulations. Half of the students interacted with simulations that provided animated feedback; the other half received numeric feedback. Learning, as measured by a diagnostic test, occurred following both conditions. There is evidence that many numeric condition students used faulty mechanical algorithms to solve problems, while many animation condition students used mental imagery to solve problems. In this paper, interactions in which student involvement was visual model based will be contrasted with interactions in which involvement was algorithm based. Implications for pedagogy and educational uses of computer simulations will be discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of science education and technology 7 (1998), S. 149-161 
    ISSN: 1573-1839
    Keywords: Student researchers ; student conceptions ; conceptual change ; student scientist partnerships (SSPs) ; authentic science
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General , Technology
    Notes: Abstract A research effort between science educators at the University of New Hampshire and Valley High School (pseudonym) was initiated to examine the conceptual development of high school students' understanding of scientific research over an entire school year. Students were involved in a series of classroom projects that were guided by curricula designed to foster “student scientist partnerships” (SSPs). Data for this research consist of audio-recorded, semi-structured student interviews which were transcribed verbatim. Seven students were interviewed six times over the school year. A content analysis of the transcripts was performed and the results were compared to a model of scientific research developed for the purpose of this study. This model comprises the major phases of the scientific enterprise, including the development of researchable questions, data collection, data analysis, drawing of conclusions, and communication of results. Results indicate that students' conceptual understanding of scientific research rarely evolved over the course of the year, remaining rudimentary. Students had uniformed notions of scientific questioning, viewed data collection as only following prescribed steps and ultimately repetitive, and had little experience with data analysis or the communication of scientific findings. Critical factors contributing to these student perceptions were insufficient exposure, a lack of a sense of partnership by students, and the design of the SSP.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of science education and technology 8 (1999), S. 83-91 
    ISSN: 1573-1839
    Keywords: conceptual change ; misconceptions ; microscopic views of phase change ; analogy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General , Technology
    Notes: Abstract This study was conducted to examine the effectiveness of an analogy activity, which was designed to overcome junior high students' misconceptions about the microscopic views of phase change. Eighty Taiwanese 8th graders were randomly assigned to either a control group or an experimental group. For the control group, the subjects were instructed through traditional teaching whereas for the experimental group, an analogy activity was conducted on students. This specific analogy activity was presented in the form of role-playing in which students acted as particles and worked together to perform the conditions of phase changes. Through analyzing these students' drawings of the atom arrangements for the three states of some substances, it was found that the students of experimental group, though in many cases, did not perform statistically better than did those of control group in an immediate posttest. The comparisons of a delay test between these two groups indicated that the analogy activity had clearly positive impacts on students' conceptual change on these scientific concepts in terms of long-term observations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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