ALBERT

Description: Raw data acquired by two thermosalinographs (SBE21, SeaBird GmbH) on board RV Polarstern were processed to yield a calibrated and validated data set of temperature, conductivity and salinity during expedition PS122/2. Both sensors were equipped with a more accurate external temperature sensor (SBE38, Sea-Bird GmbH). Data were downloaded from the DAVIS SHIP data base (https://dship.awi.de) with a resolution of 1 sec. The raw hex data were converted to temperature and conductivity while a sensor drift correction was applied using calibration coefficients from before and after the expedition. Salinity was calculated according to the instructions from the Practical Salinity Scale PSS-78, using the obtained (internal) temperature and conductivity data and a pressure of 11 dbar which represents the water depth of the inlet of the TSG system on Polarstern. Processed data are provided as 10min means of salinity and water temperature aligned with position data taken from master track of the respective cruise. A speed filter was not applied to the PS122 dataset because of the slow drift speed. This slow movement may lead to an overestimation of the mixed-layer temperature; in particular, small heat fluxes from the ship may raise the temperature in adjacent water in the lee, i.e. during times of drift in the direction opposite to the TSG inlet. The effect is expected to be small, but can potentially be higher than the accuracy of the temperature measurement. Further details and evaluation of the data is outlined in the data processing report found at the EPIC repository under URL (https://hdl.handle.net/10013/epic.7fffb528-06bd-48ae-8489-cea0444c4eab).

Description: Raw data acquired by two thermosalinographs (SBE21, SeaBird GmbH) on board RV Polarstern were processed to yield a calibrated and validated data set of temperature, conductivity and salinity during expedition PS122/1. Both sensors were equipped with a more accurate external temperature sensor (SBE38, Sea-Bird GmbH). Data were downloaded from the DAVIS SHIP data base (https://dship.awi.de) with a resolution of 1 sec. The raw hex data were converted to temperature and conductivity while a sensor drift correction was applied using calibration coefficients from before and after the expedition. Salinity was calculated according to the instructions from the Practical Salinity Scale PSS-78, using the obtained (internal) temperature and conductivity data and a pressure of 11 dbar which represents the water depth of the inlet of the TSG system on Polarstern. Processed data are provided as 10min means of salinity and water temperature aligned with position data taken from master track of the respective cruise. A speed filter was not applied to the PS122 dataset because of the slow drift speed. This slow movement may lead to an overestimation of the mixed-layer temperature; in particular, small heat fluxes from the ship may raise the temperature in adjacent water in the lee, i.e. during times of drift in the direction opposite to the TSG inlet. The effect is expected to be small, but can potentially be higher than the accuracy of the temperature measurement. Further details and evaluation of the data is outlined in the data processing report found at the EPIC repository under URL (https://hdl.handle.net/10013/epic.7fffb528-06bd-48ae-8489-cea0444c4eab).

Description: At the end of the summer 2021, an increase in CO2 emissions at Vulcano brought to an increase in the alert level and, as a consequence, to the upgrade of the monitoring activities by increasing the number of instruments deployed and the rate of the surveys. One of the new devices installed was a geodetic GNSS mobile network for a Real-Time and High-Frequency monitoring of ground deformation, to increase the detail with respect to the existing permanent network. The whole dataset provided here, consists of 1022 files for a total of 13GB of GNSS RINEX raw data. The GNSS data archive is organized in 4 folders, one for each station, named with the site abbreviation (namely, VCAM, VCOA, VCST and VPRT). Within each folder, there are all the raw data files for that station, one for each day of acquisition. Names of the files are structured following the RINEX 3 standard, the first 4 digits being the station code, that is an S and the last 3 digits of the receiver serial number. The date of acquisition is given by the 11 digits in the central part of the name, in the format YYYYDDDHHMM; namely, 4 digits for the year, followed by 3 digits for the day of the year (from 1 to 365 or 366 for leap years) and then 2 digits for the hour and 2 for the minute of the starting time.

Description: At the end of the summer 2021, an increase in CO2 emissions at Vulcano brought to an increase in the alert level and, as a consequence, to the upgrade of the monitoring activities by increasing the number of instruments deployed and the rate of the surveys. One of the new devices installed was a geodetic GNSS mobile network for a Real-Time and High-Frequency monitoring of ground deformation, to increase the detail with respect to the existing permanent network. The whole dataset provided here, consists of 1022 files for a total of 13GB of GNSS RINEX raw data. The GNSS data archive is organized in 4 folders, one for each station, named with the site abbreviation (namely, VCAM, VCOA, VCST and VPRT). Within each folder, there are all the raw data files for that station, one for each day of acquisition. Names of the files are structured following the RINEX 3 standard, the first 4 digits being the station code, that is an S and the last 3 digits of the receiver serial number. The date of acquisition is given by the 11 digits in the central part of the name, in the format YYYYDDDHHMM; namely, 4 digits for the year, followed by 3 digits for the day of the year (from 1 to 365 or 366 for leap years) and then 2 digits for the hour and 2 for the minute of the starting time.

Description: Raw data acquired by two thermosalinographs (SBE21, SeaBird GmbH) on board RV Polarstern were processed to yield a calibrated and validated data set of temperature, conductivity and salinity during expedition PS122/5. Both sensors were equipped with a more accurate external temperature sensor (SBE38, Sea-Bird GmbH). Data were downloaded from the DAVIS SHIP data base (https://dship.awi.de) with a resolution of 1 sec. The raw hex data were converted to temperature and conductivity while a sensor drift correction was applied using calibration coefficients from before and after the expedition. Salinity was calculated according to the instructions from the Practical Salinity Scale PSS-78, using the obtained (internal) temperature and conductivity data and a pressure of 11 dbar which represents the water depth of the inlet of the TSG system on Polarstern. Processed data are provided as 10min means of salinity and water temperature aligned with position data taken from master track of the respective cruise. A speed filter was not applied to the PS122 dataset because of the slow drift speed. This slow movement may lead to an overestimation of the mixed-layer temperature; in particular, small heat fluxes from the ship may raise the temperature in adjacent water in the lee, i.e. during times of drift in the direction opposite to the TSG inlet. The effect is expected to be small, but can potentially be higher than the accuracy of the temperature measurement. Further details and evaluation of the data is outlined in the data processing report found at the EPIC repository under URL (https://hdl.handle.net/10013/epic.7fffb528-06bd-48ae-8489-cea0444c4eab).

Description: Current velocities of the upper water column along the cruise track of R/V Alkor cruise AL593 were collected by a vessel-mounted 600 kHz RDI Workhorse ADCP. The ADCP transducer was located at 4.2 m below the water line. The instrument was operated in high-res., shallow water profiling mode (WM 12) with a bin size of 0.50 m, a blanking distance of 0.88 m, and a total of 90 bins, covering the depth range between 5.7 m and 50.2 m. Four consecutive pings were considered to form one ensemble average. Beam velocities as recorded by the data acquisition software WinRiver2 were transformed to ship coordinates and after merging with the navigation data from the ship's gyro compass and Global Positioning systems into earth coordinates. Single-ping data were screened for bottom signals and, where appropriate, a bottom mask was manually processed. The ADCP was configured to measure bottom-track velocities, which were converted from beam to earth coordinates in the same manner as the water profile velocities. For each ping, the bottom-track velocity components were subtracted from the velocity profile to eliminate the ship movements and obtain true water velocities. The velocity data were averaged in time using an average interval of 60 s. Velocity quality flagging is based on different threshold criteria: Depth cells with ensemble-averaged percent-good values below 25% are marked as 'bad data'. Depth cells with velocities above 1.0 m/s are flagged as 'bad data'. Depth cells with a root-mean-square deviation between the measured ensemble-average velocity and a cell-wise running-mean velocity above 0.3 m/s are flagged as 'probably bad data'.

Description: Raw data acquired by two thermosalinographs (SBE21, SeaBird GmbH) on board RV Polarstern were processed to yield a calibrated and validated data set of temperature, conductivity and salinity during expedition PS122/3. Both sensors were equipped with a more accurate external temperature sensor (SBE38, Sea-Bird GmbH). Data were downloaded from the DAVIS SHIP data base (https://dship.awi.de) with a resolution of 1 sec. The raw hex data were converted to temperature and conductivity while a sensor drift correction was applied using calibration coefficients from before and after the expedition. Salinity was calculated according to the instructions from the Practical Salinity Scale PSS-78, using the obtained (internal) temperature and conductivity data and a pressure of 11 dbar which represents the water depth of the inlet of the TSG system on Polarstern. Processed data are provided as 10min means of salinity and water temperature aligned with position data taken from master track of the respective cruise. A speed filter was not applied to the PS122 dataset because of the slow drift speed. This slow movement may lead to an overestimation of the mixed-layer temperature; in particular, small heat fluxes from the ship may raise the temperature in adjacent water in the lee, i.e. during times of drift in the direction opposite to the TSG inlet. The effect is expected to be small, but can potentially be higher than the accuracy of the temperature measurement. Further details and evaluation of the data is outlined in the data processing report found at the EPIC repository under URL (https://hdl.handle.net/10013/epic.7fffb528-06bd-48ae-8489-cea0444c4eab).

Description: First- and second-year sea-ice thickness, draft, salinity, temperature, and density were measured during two ice stations on 24 October 2022 and 30 October 2022 during leg 1 of the GoNorth 2022 expedition. The ice cores were extracted with 7.25-cm (Mark III) internal diameter ice corers (Kovacs Enterprise, US). During each ice station, ice temperature was measured in situ from a separate temperature core, using Ebro TFX 410 Thermometer thermometers in drill holes with a length of half-core-diameter at 5 cm vertical resolution. Ice bulk practical salinity was measured from melted core sections at 5 cm resolution using a Mettler Toledo SevenGo conductivity meter. Sea ice density was measured using the hydrostatic weighing method (Pustogvar and Kulyakhtin, 2016) from several density cores in the freezer laboratory onboard RV Kronprins Haakon at the temperature from –10°C to –14°C. Relative volumes of brine and gas were estimated from ice salinity, temperature, and density using Cox and Weeks (1983) for cold ice and Leppäranta and Manninen (1988) for ice warmer than –2°C. This sea ice physics data was collected during leg 1 of the GoNorth 2022 scientific expedition on 14 October – 3 November 2022 (cruise number 2022713) on the RV Kronprins Haakon. The ice cores were collected at two ice stations (Station 6 and Super Station 14) located at 82°13.56' N and 26°41.43' E for the first and 82°31.05' N and 17°30.04' E for the second sea ice station in the area north of Svalbard. The data contains the event label (1), station (2), time (3), global coordinates (4,5) of each coring measurement, ice type (11), and sample ID (12). Each core has its manually measured ice thickness (6), ice draft (7), snow height (8), and local coordinates for each ice station (7,8). Each core section has the total length of its top (13) and bottom (14) measured in situ. Each core section has the value of its practical salinity (15), each core section of a temperature core has the value of its in situ temperature (16), and each core section of density cores has the value of its ice density (18). Each core section also has laboratory temperature (17), an estimate of brine volume fraction (19), and gas volume fraction (20).

Description: Raw data acquired by position sensors on board RV METEOR during expedition M196 were processed to receive a validated master track which can be used as reference of further expedition data. During M196 the motion reference unit Kongsberg SeaTex AS MRU-5 combined with Kongsberg SeaTex AS Seapath 320 and two C and C Technologies GPS receivers C-NAV3050 were used as navigation sensors. Data were downloaded from DAVIS SHIP data base (https://dship.bsh.de) with a resolution of 1 sec. Processing and evaluation of the data is outlined in the data processing report. Processed data are provided as a master track with 1 sec resolution derived from the position sensors' data selected by priority and a generalized track with a reduced set of the most significant positions of the master track.

Description: Raw data acquired by position sensors on board RV METEOR during expedition M196 were processed to receive a validated master track which can be used as reference of further expedition data. During M196 the motion reference unit Kongsberg SeaTex AS MRU-5 combined with Kongsberg SeaTex AS Seapath 320 and two C and C Technologies GPS receivers C-NAV3050 were used as navigation sensors. Data were downloaded from DAVIS SHIP data base (https://dship.bsh.de) with a resolution of 1 sec. Processing and evaluation of the data is outlined in the data processing report. Processed data are provided as a master track with 1 sec resolution derived from the position sensors' data selected by priority and a generalized track with a reduced set of the most significant positions of the master track.