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  • Artikel  (3.219)
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  • Oxford University Press  (3.219)
  • Energietechnik  (3.219)
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  • 1
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    The Wicked Problem of Diffuse Nutrient Pollution from Agriculture (2020)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-10-09
    Beschreibung: Diffuse nutrient pollution from agriculture has been the concern of policymakers for several decades, and yet it remains a persistent environmental issue. The current approach to mitigating the problem is predominantly via command and control regulation within the Nitrates Directive and the Water Framework Directive. This article will set out how diffuse pollution can be considered a wicked policy problem which acts as an explanation of how it has eluded the current regulatory regime. It will further establish that the traditional planning process overlooked the complexity of the problem. Finally, it will illustrate the ineffectiveness of the current regulatory framework to mitigate the problem. This will be exemplified through the legal framework of Northern Ireland.
    Print ISSN: 0952-8873
    Digitale ISSN: 1464-374X
    Thema: Energietechnik , Rechtswissenschaft
    Publiziert von Oxford University Press
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
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    Samuel Smith and Judicial Review of Policy Interpretation: A Middle Way in the Law and Policy Divide (2020)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publikationsdatum: 2020-10-09
    Beschreibung: This analysis explores new developments in judicial review of planning policy interpretation. It shows how the nature of policy, often contextual and judgment-dependent, has led the UK Supreme Court to rethink the standard of review applicable to this issue. By considering the recent decision in Samuel Smith as part of a trilogy of cases—including Tesco Stores and Hopkins Homes—this analysis reveals a change in judicial attitudes, away from the expansive judicial supervision upheld in Tesco Stores. Furthermore, this study reflects on how this change is related to two wider ideas. The first is the Court’s understanding of the law and policy divide in the planning field, whilst the second is to do with a pragmatic stance regarding the purpose of the planning system and the institutional role of the courts in it. Finally, this analysis shows how the new approach emphasises the distinctive character of policy in the planning context.
    Print ISSN: 0952-8873
    Digitale ISSN: 1464-374X
    Thema: Energietechnik , Rechtswissenschaft
    Publiziert von Oxford University Press
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
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    Calculations of effectiveness factors and the criteria of mass transfer effect for high-temperature methanation (HTM) catalyst (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-08-16
    Beschreibung: Natural gas is an extremely important bridge fuel to a low-carbon energy economy for improving local air quality. Coal to synthetic natural gas (SNG) is an effective way to convert the high-carbon energy (coal) into the low-carbon energy with rich hydrogen (natural gas). For the modern coal to SNG industry, the high-temperature methanation (HTM) catalyst plays an important role, and the advanced evaluation process should necessitate the elimination of mass transfer effect. Some simple but effective model catalysts, such as slab and sphere, can be very helpful in defining the reaction conditions, and thus facilitating the evaluation process for real HTM catalysts. In this work, slab and sphere model catalysts were adopted to derive mass transfer and reaction-coupled equations, the numerical methods were used to solve the coupled equations for the concentration profiles in catalysts, and the effectiveness factors were accordingly calculated. By taking advantage of the Thiele module and the Weisz–Prater module , the criteria for the elimination of mass transfer effect in the HTM catalyst evaluation process were successfully defined. This work also complements the Weisz–Prater criterion by incorporating ‘negative reaction orders’.
    Schlagwort(e): Other low-carbon energy technologies
    Print ISSN: 1748-1317
    Digitale ISSN: 1748-1325
    Thema: Energietechnik , Maschinenbau
    Publiziert von Oxford University Press
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 4
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    A novel low-carbon space conditioning system incorporating phase-change materials and earth-air heat exchangers (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-08-16
    Beschreibung: The energy expended for conditioning buildings around the world is worryingly large and increasing every year. Currently, almost half of houses around the world use some type of energy-expensive conventional air-conditioning system. These systems are high emitters of gases such as carbon dioxide and so high contributors to climate change. Consequently, alternatives must be considered. Earth–air heat exchangers (EAHEs) and phase-change materials (PCMs) may be options; they have, however, limitations. This paper proposes a novel hybrid space-conditioning system combining EAHEs with PCMs, which uses surfaces as sources of heating or cooling to provide better temperature distribution across a space and comfort enhancement with low energy use. The idea is to use an EAHE to provide cool air to discharge the PCM, consequently helping to overcome most of the limitations of both strategies. Two of a series of experiments undertaken to test the proposed system are reported in this article. The EAHE + PCM system compared with a reference room could decrease temperature swings by up to 47%. The system was proved to work although further work is required to make it commercially viable.
    Schlagwort(e): Other low-carbon energy technologies
    Print ISSN: 1748-1317
    Digitale ISSN: 1748-1325
    Thema: Energietechnik , Maschinenbau
    Publiziert von Oxford University Press
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 5
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    3D analysis of the incident diffuse irradiance on the building's surfaces in an urban environment (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-08-16
    Beschreibung: The design of a future building with very high-energy efficiency demands from the architect to study the available solar resources in this urban environment. The purpose of the presented methodology is to study the variations in all components of the incident solar radiation daily, monthly and seasonally for all building facades. This is realized in the computer program 3D–SOLARIA. In the focus of the paper is the estimation of the background component of the incident diffuse solar irradiation on a building facade under orthogonally obstructed sky, using anisotropic sky view factors.
    Schlagwort(e): Sustainable/low carbon buildings
    Print ISSN: 1748-1317
    Digitale ISSN: 1748-1325
    Thema: Energietechnik , Maschinenbau
    Publiziert von Oxford University Press
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 6
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    An integrated approach for sustainable design and assessment of residential building envelope: part I (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-08-16
    Beschreibung: The assessment of building envelope sustainability using existing building performance assessment methods is still a challenge and yet to be fully addressed. This is due to the single-dimensional nature and lack of integration of sustainable performance values. Besides, the issue of sustainability assessment in the building envelope requires considering many factors including life cycle considerations. As such, in an effort to develop an integrated approach that combines relevant sustainable development factors and life cycles, an integrated performance model (IPM) was developed. The IPM is an essential tool developed to aid the sustainable design of the residential building envelope that can reduce carbon emission and whole residential building energy consumption and ensure sustainable performance of the building envelope.
    Schlagwort(e): Sustainable/low carbon buildings
    Print ISSN: 1748-1317
    Digitale ISSN: 1748-1325
    Thema: Energietechnik , Maschinenbau
    Publiziert von Oxford University Press
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 7
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    Towards the generation of distributed electric power: self-consumption with net balance (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-08-16
    Beschreibung: The results and considerations on one self-consumption photovoltaic installation with net balance in Granada (South of Spain) are presented and discussed in this paper. The use of the building (one faculty) makes it optimal for this kind of consumption. Finally, the potential benefits and problems of self-consumption with net balance are presented.
    Schlagwort(e): Solar energy technologies
    Print ISSN: 1748-1317
    Digitale ISSN: 1748-1325
    Thema: Energietechnik , Maschinenbau
    Publiziert von Oxford University Press
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 8
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    Numerical investigation of turbulent flow heat transfer and pressure drop of AL2O3/water nanofluid in helically coiled tubes (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-08-16
    Beschreibung: Passive convective heat transfer enhancement can be achieved by improving the thermo-physical properties of the working fluid, changing flow geometry or both. This work presents a numerical study to investigate the combined effect of using helical coils and nanofluids on the heat transfer characteristics and pressure losses in turbulent flow regime. The developed computational fluid dynamics models were validated against published experimental data and empirical correlations. Results have shown that combining the effects of alumina (Al 2 O 3 ) nanoparticles and tube coiling could enhance the heat transfer coefficient by up to 60% compared with that of pure water in straight tube at the same Reynolds number. Also, results showed that the pressure drop in helical coils using Al 2 O 3 nanofluid for volume fraction of 3% was six times that of water in straight tubes (80% of the pressure drop increase is due to nanoparticles addition), while the effect of Reynolds number on the pressure drop penalty factor was found to be insignificant.
    Schlagwort(e): Other low-carbon energy technologies
    Print ISSN: 1748-1317
    Digitale ISSN: 1748-1325
    Thema: Energietechnik , Maschinenbau
    Publiziert von Oxford University Press
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 9
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    Control strategies for indoor environment quality and energy efficiency--a review (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-08-16
    Beschreibung: The demand for better indoor environment has led to a wide use of heating, ventilating and air conditioning (HVAC) systems. However, this demanding cannot be sustained without a strategy to reduce the energy consumption of HVAC systems. Employing advanced HVAC control is one of the strategies to maintain high-quality indoor thermal comfort with low energy consumption. This paper reviews the development of control technologies for HVAC systems. It summarizes the problems in existing reviews and gives a future perspective on HVAC control systems for occupant comfort and energy efficiency.
    Schlagwort(e): Built environment and low-carbon society
    Print ISSN: 1748-1317
    Digitale ISSN: 1748-1325
    Thema: Energietechnik , Maschinenbau
    Publiziert von Oxford University Press
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 10
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    Tracer gas technique for measurement of air infiltration and natural ventilation: case studies and new devices for measurement of mechanical air ventilation in ducts (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-08-16
    Beschreibung: In buildings without mechanical ventilation, the fresh air needed by the occupants is supplied only by air infiltration or natural ventilation. Its quantification by analytical methods is difficult, and so experimental methods such as the tracer gas technique are very useful. In this work, several case studies are presented, where one may see the potential of this technique to detect small differences in building air tightness, due to different envelope elements, namely the type of window frames and location of blinds' boxes. The applicability of this technique to other spaces rather than buildings can also be analyzed. When dealing with mechanical ventilation, it is difficult to measure the duct air flow rate precisely, because of the minimum duct length necessary to obtain a good mixing of the tracer gas with the air, when conventional probes are used. Research was carried out with the development of new probes to overcome this situation, and results are also shown. With accurate measurements of air flow rates, it is possible to reduce CO 2 emissions due to air heating or cooling in buildings.
    Schlagwort(e): Built environment and low-carbon society
    Print ISSN: 1748-1317
    Digitale ISSN: 1748-1325
    Thema: Energietechnik , Maschinenbau
    Publiziert von Oxford University Press
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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