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  • Articles  (4,258)
  • Oxford University Press  (4,258)
  • Public Library of Science
  • Nature of Science, Research, Systems of Higher Education, Museum Science  (4,258)
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  • Articles  (4,258)
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  • 1
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    Policy ideas and policy learning about 'basic research' in South Korea (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-08-08
    Description: ‘Basic research’ is based on epistemological and intentional criteria. In terms of science policy, however, these criteria imply contradictory views on investment in ‘basic research’. The former espouses the linear model of innovation and encourages policy-makers concerned with economic problems to expand investment on basic research. However, the latter can collide with the policy norm of policy-makers and discourage investment in ‘basic research’ in an institutional setting where the nation-state prevails over scientists, as in South Korea. Emphasizing policy ideas and policy learning, this paper empirically shows that changes in investment priority and the emergence of new concepts about ‘basic research’ are co-products of a policy paradigm of the linear model and a policy norm of industrial competitiveness in Korea. Specifically, emphasis was placed on the balance between pure and oriented basic research, but moved on to ‘oriented basic research’, ‘basic engineering’, and to ‘basic research’ coupled with ‘woncheon-technology’.
    Print ISSN: 0302-3427
    Electronic ISSN: 1471-5430
    Topics: Nature of Science, Research, Systems of Higher Education, Museum Science
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 2
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    Collaborative research for academic knowledge creation: How team characteristics, motivation, and processes influence research impact (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-08-08
    Description: Contending that collaboration management practices and interpersonal relationships are the main factors in successful collaboration in R&D, scholars have turned their attention to the relationships between collaborators. Internal factors in research collaboration activities are not yet understood at the team level. They are the so-called black box of collaboration study. The purpose of this paper is to empirically demonstrate how factors relating to team characteristics, motivation, and processes influence research impact. The study works from a multi-theoretical perspective, extending from behavioral science to general management study, and seeks to answer the question: How should we organize and manage a collaborative team to improve its research impact? The empirical results show that, along with previously identified qualitative and quantitative factors, input factors such as: project motivation, transformational leadership, frequent face-to-face communication, more outsourcing, more attentional resource, and more evenly distributed workload improve research impact.
    Print ISSN: 0302-3427
    Electronic ISSN: 1471-5430
    Topics: Nature of Science, Research, Systems of Higher Education, Museum Science
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 3
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    Why do international research collaborations last? Virtuous circle of feedback loops, continuity and renewal (2015)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2015-08-08
    Description: It is often argued that the unintended consequences of science policy transformation over the last 50 years—increased role of fixed-term project funding, evaluation and temporary contracts—are short-termism, fragmentation and limited freedom to choose research topics and collaborators. This paper focuses on a phenomenon that should be highly unlikely in this context: long-term international research collaborations lasting over 10 and 20 years which remain creative and productive. To shed light on the little studied topic of why and how long-term international research collaborations evolve, the paper develops a mid-range theory from multiple longitudinal case studies. It suggests that long-term collaborations combining formal and informal interactions operate as virtuous circles whereas earlier results ensure feedback loops and thematic and organisational continuity, but renewal is crucial. The emergent theory is built from multiple data sources and methods analysing international collaborations in the emerging field of nanosciences in Europe.
    Print ISSN: 0302-3427
    Electronic ISSN: 1471-5430
    Topics: Nature of Science, Research, Systems of Higher Education, Museum Science
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 4
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    Cheap and Clean: How Americans Think About Energy in the Age of Global Warming by Stephen Ansolabehere and David M. Konisky (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-08-08
    Print ISSN: 0302-3427
    Electronic ISSN: 1471-5430
    Topics: Nature of Science, Research, Systems of Higher Education, Museum Science
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 5
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    Vulnerability in Technological Cultures: New Directions in Research and Governance edited by Anique Hommels, Jessica Mesman and Wiebe E. Bijker (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-08-08
    Print ISSN: 0302-3427
    Electronic ISSN: 1471-5430
    Topics: Nature of Science, Research, Systems of Higher Education, Museum Science
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  • 6
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    A cross-national environmental cluster collaboration: Shifting between an analytical and management level of the triple helix (2015)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2015-08-08
    Description: The STInno project, which was part of the EU Framework Programme 7 aimed to minimise the distance between south–north regions in Europe with a specific focus on wastewater treatment clusters. Three triple helix collaborations from three different countries participated, using their knowledge to work on a case study of olive mill wastewaters. The objective of this paper was to study how the triple helix functioned in practice. Results showed that a management model of the triple helix is somewhat different from the analytical model. A shift between these two views occurred during the project and the participants had to relate to this, as it had an effect on the outcomes. Concepts of social capital and trust are used to further elaborate on this by emphasising the importance of the people side of the triple helix and how the original, analytical model can be limiting when used in management practice.
    Print ISSN: 0302-3427
    Electronic ISSN: 1471-5430
    Topics: Nature of Science, Research, Systems of Higher Education, Museum Science
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 7
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    Openness determinants of national research funding programmes in EU27 (2015)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2015-08-08
    Description: We empirically study how the characteristics of research and innovation systems influence the openness of national research funding programmes as regards the availability of funding to non-resident researchers. Based on a unique data set of national R&D programmes in the EU27 we identify a number of country-specific factors. These factors determine the degrees of programme openness observed when controlling for programme features in a hierarchical estimation model. Interestingly, we find that the quality and performance of national research add to the explanation of programme openness, whereas national integration into EU funding and research collaboration does not.
    Print ISSN: 0302-3427
    Electronic ISSN: 1471-5430
    Topics: Nature of Science, Research, Systems of Higher Education, Museum Science
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 8
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    Negotiated expertise in policy-making: How governments use hybrid advisory committees (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-08-08
    Description: By linking the realms of public policy-making, science and the public, advisory committees that include academics, state representatives and societal stakeholders answer to a double challenge that governments face today: a need for technical knowledge and an increasing demand for public acceptance and accountability. In contrast to purely scientific policy advice, little theoretical attention has so far been paid to these hybrid advisory committees. Drawing on and adapting research on knowledge utilisation, theories of delegation, decision-making and governance, an analytical framework of the use of multi-source, negotiated expertise will be developed and applied to four cases set up by the German Federal Government with mandates in social policy and in science and technology policy. The study shows the committees’ pronounced governance potential, which builds on their political and epistemic authority. It describes two distinct dynamics that lend the committees to instrumental, problem solving, and symbolic, substantiating purposes.
    Print ISSN: 0302-3427
    Electronic ISSN: 1471-5430
    Topics: Nature of Science, Research, Systems of Higher Education, Museum Science
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 9
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    Stakeholder-led knowledge production: Development of a long-term management plan for North Sea Nephrops fisheries (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-08-08
    Description: This paper investigates how different kinds of knowledge are mobilised in interactions between the stakeholders, scientists and bureaucrats who are involved in EU fisheries management. It reports on an initiative led by the North Sea Regional Advisory Council aimed at making a long-term management plan for Nephrops fisheries in the North Sea. The sharing of knowledge between the actors is explored using insights from organisation management, focusing on the kinds of resources and efforts that are needed at different boundaries to allow knowledge sharing and knowledge production to occur. The findings point to the challenge of reaching a common understanding between actors when both novelty and high stakes are involved. Experiences gained during this pioneering initiative raise questions about how far it is possible to take a ‘bottom up’ collaborative process aimed at developing management instruments within a setting where there are conflicts of interests between the stakeholders involved.
    Print ISSN: 0302-3427
    Electronic ISSN: 1471-5430
    Topics: Nature of Science, Research, Systems of Higher Education, Museum Science
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 10
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    Integrating the supply and demand sides of public support to new technology-based firms (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-08-08
    Description: This paper analyses public support and argues that supply does not match demand in terms of the support needs of different types of new technology-based firms (NTBFs). The demand side of public support to NTBFs is analysed by developing a typology of NTBFs, based on venture origin and degree of innovativeness. Each type’s characteristics, challenges and support needs are identified. The supply side is analysed in terms of the goals, instruments and level of aggregation of the two main policy areas that provide support for NTBFs: small and medium-sized enterprise policy and science, technology and innovation policy. Finally, the demand and supply sides are compared and three main shortcomings of existing public support to NTBFs are identified. This paper makes a twofold contribution: first, the typology gives guidelines for policy-makers with respect to the support needs of the NTBFs. Second, it identifies shortcomings in existing public support and recommends improvements.
    Print ISSN: 0302-3427
    Electronic ISSN: 1471-5430
    Topics: Nature of Science, Research, Systems of Higher Education, Museum Science
    Published by Oxford University Press
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