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  • 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.07. Satellite geodesy
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (3)
  • Springer Verlag  (2)
  • Molecular Diversity Preservation International
  • 1
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    Optimal fault resolution in geodetic inversion of coseismic data (2011)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-03
    Description: With the continued growth in availability of DInSAR and GPS data, space based geodesy has been widely applied to image the coseismic displacement field and to retrieve the static dislocation over the fault plane for almost all the significant earthquakes of the past two decades. This is performed by linear data inversion over a set of subfaults, generally characterized by a constant and predefined or manually adjusted dimensions. In this paper we propose a new algorithm to automatically retrieve an optimized fault subdivision in the linear inversion of coseismic geodetic data. The code iteratively keeps the parameter resolution close to a predefined high value. We first discuss the rationale supporting our algorithm and, after a detailed description of its implementation, we analyze the advantages of its introduction in the data inversion. The algorithm was tested against an exhaustive range of synthetic and real datasets and fault mechanisms. Among them, we present the results for the Mw 6.2, 2009 L’Aquila (Central Italy) earthquake and compare the new and previously published slip distributions showing the disappearance of misleading slip pattern and the increased resolution for shallower zones.
    Description: Published
    Description: 529-538
    Description: 1.10. TTC - Telerilevamento
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: fault modelling ; geodetic data inversion ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.07. Satellite geodesy
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 2
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    Fault geometry, coseismic-slip distribution and Coulomb stress change associated with the 2009 April 6, Mw 6.3, L’Aquila earthquake from inversion of GPS displacements (2011)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The 2009 April 6, Mw= 6.3 L’Aquila earthquake occurred within a complex system of NW–SE trending normal faults in the Abruzzi Central Apennines (Italy). We analyse the coseismic deformation as measured by 〉70 global positioning system (GPS) stations, both from continuous and survey-mode networks, providing unprecedented details for a moderate normal faulting earthquake in Italy from GPS measurements. We use rectangular, uniform-slip, dislocations embedded in an elastic, homogeneous and isotropic half-space and a constrained, non-linear optimization algorithm, to solve for the best-fitting rectangular dislocation geometry and coseismic-slip distribution. We use a bootstrap approach to investigate uncertainties in the model parameters and define confidence bounds for all the inverted parameters. The rupture occurred on a N129°E striking and 50° southwestward dipping normal fault, in agreement with geological observations of surface breaks along the Paganica fault. Our distributed slip model exhibits a zone of relatively higher slip (〉60 cm) between ∼1.5 and ∼11 km depth, along a roughly downdip, NW–SE elongated patch, confined within the fault plane inverted assuming uniform-slip. The highest slip, of the order of ∼1 m, occurred on a ∼16 km2 area located at ∼5 km depth, SE of the mainshock epicentre. The analysis of model resolution suggests that slip at depth below ∼5 km can be resolved only at a spatial scale larger than 2 km, so a finer discretization of different asperities within the main patch of coseismic-slip is not allowed by GPS data. We compute the coseismic Coulomb stress changes in the crustal volume affected by the major aftershocks, and compare the results obtained from the uniform-slip and the heterogeneous-slip models. We find that most of the large aftershocks occurred in areas of Coulomb stress increase of 0.2–13 bar and that a deepening of the slip distribution down to a depth greater than 6 km in the SE part of the fault plane, in agreement with the inverted slip model, can explain the deepest, April 7, Mw 5.3 aftershock.
    Description: Published
    Description: 473-489
    Description: 1.9. Rete GPS nazionale
    Description: 3.2. Tettonica attiva
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Satellite geodesy ; Space geodetic surveys ; Earthquake ground motions ; Earthquake source observations ; Earthquake interaction, forecasting, and prediction ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.01. Crustal deformations ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.07. Satellite geodesy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.01. Earthquake faults: properties and evolution ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.02. Earthquake interactions and probability ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.03. Earthquake source and dynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.06. Surveys, measurements, and monitoring
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 3
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    Evidence of multiple strain fields beneath the eastern flank of Mt. Etna volcano (Sicily, Italy) deduced from seismic and geodetic data during 2003–2004 (2012)
    Springer Verlag
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: We carried out a study of the seismicity and ground deformation occurring on Mount Etna volcano after the end of 2002-2003 eruption and before the onset of 2004-2005 eruption. Data were recorded by the permanent local seismic network run by Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia –Sezione di Catania and by the geodetic surveys carried out in July 2003 and July 2004 on the GPS network. Most of the earthquakes are grouped in two main clusters located in the northeastern and southeastern sectors of the volcano. Furthermore, the areal distribution of seismic energy associated with the recorded earthquakes allowed us to highlight the main seismogenic areas of Mt. Etna. In order to better understand the kinematic processes of the volcano, 3D seismic locations were used to compute fault plane solutions and a selected dataset was inverted to determine stress and strain tensors. The focal mechanisms, in the northeastern sector, show a clear left-lateral kinematic along an E-W fault plane, in good agreement with the Pernicana Fault system. The fault plane solutions, in the southeastern sector, show a main right-lateral kinematics along a NE-SW fault plane suggesting a roughly E-W oriented compression. Surface ground deformation affecting Mt. Etna and measured by GPS surveys highlighted a marked inflation during the same period and exceptionally strong seawards motion of its eastern flank. The 2D geodetic strain tensor distribution was calculated and the results evidenced a main ENE-WSW extension coupled with a WNW-ESE contraction, indicating a right-lateral shear along a NW-SE oriented fault plane. The different deformation of the eastern sector of the volcano, as measured by seismicity and ground deformation, must be interpreted by considering the different depths of the two signals. Seismic activity along the NW-SE alignment is, in fact, located between 3 and 8 km b.s.l. and it is then affected by the very strong additional E-W compression induced by the pressurizing source located by inverting GPS data just westwards and at the same depth. Ground deformation measured by GPS at the surface, on the contrary, is mainly affected by the shallower dynamics of the eastern flank, fast moving towards East, that produces an opposite (extension) shallower E-W strain. The entire dataset shows that two different processes affect the eastern flank at the same time but at different depths; the boundary is clearly located at a depth of 3 km and could represent the decollement surface of the mobile flank.
    Description: Published
    Description: 869-885
    Description: 1.4. TTC - Sorveglianza sismologica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Etna volcano ; Inter-eruptive seismicity ; Earthquake location ; fault plane solutions ; Seismogenic stress ; Seismic strain ; geodetic strain ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.06. Measurements and monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.07. Satellite geodesy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.03. Earthquake source and dynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.08. Volcano seismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 4
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    A Multidisciplinary Study of the DPRK Nuclear Tests (2013)
    Springer Verlag
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-24
    Description: The Democratic People Republic of Korea announced two underground nuclear tests carried out in their territory respectively on October 9th, 2006 and May 25th, 2009. The scarce information on the precise location and the size of those explosions has stimulated various kinds of studies,mostly based on seismological observations, by several national agencies concerned with theNuclear Test Ban Treaty verification.Weanalysed the available seismological data collected through a global high-quality network for the two tests. After picking up the arrival times at the various stations, a standard location program has been applied to the observed data. If we use all the available data for each single event, due to the different magnitude and different number of available stations, the locations appear quite different. On the contrary, if we use only the common stations, they happen to be only few km apart from each other and within their respective error ellipses. A more accurate relative location has been carried out by the application of algorithms such as double difference joint hypocenter determination (DDJHD) and waveform alignment. The epicentral distance between the two events obtained by these methods is 2 km, with the 2006 event shifted to the ESE with respect to that of 2009. We then used a dataset of VHR TerraSAR-X satellite images to detect possible surface effects of the underground tests. This is the first ever case where these highly performing SAR data have been used to such aim. We applied InSAR processing technique to fully exploit the capabilities of SAR data to measure very short displacements over large areas. Two interferograms have been computed, one co-event and one post-event, to remove possible residual topographic signals. A clear displacement pattern has been highlighted over a mountainous area within the investigated region, measuring a maximum displacement of about 45 mm overall the relief. Hypothesizing that the 2009 nuclear test had been carried out close to the area where the displacement has been observed through the DInSAR technique, its relation with the epicenter location obtained through seismological processing has been discussed as a possible alternative hypothesis with respect to the preferred solutions reported by the nuclear explosion database (NEDB). The distance of about 10 km between the two places can be considered acceptable in light of the possible systematic location shifts commonly observed in the seismological practice over a global scale. The difference between the mb magnitudes of the two tests could reflect differences in geological conditions of the two test sites, even if the yield of the two explosions had been the same.
    Description: Published
    Description: 341-359
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: underground nuclear test ; Double Difference Joint Hypocenter Determination DDJHD ; waveform alignment ; SAR data ; InSAR technique ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.06. Measurements and monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.07. Satellite geodesy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.09. Waves and wave analysis ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.10. Instruments and techniques ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.01. Data processing ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.03. Inverse methods ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.05. Algorithms and implementation
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 5
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    New kinematic constraints of the western Doruneh fault, north-eastern Iran, from interseismic deformation analysis (2013)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: We used the SBAS DInSAR analysis technique to estimate the interseismic deformation along the western part of the Doruneh fault system (DFS), northeastern Iran. We processed 90 ENVISAT images from four different frames from ascending and descending orbits. Three of the ground velocity maps show a significant interseismic signal. Using a simple dislocation approach we model 2-D velocity profiles concerning three InSAR data set relative to the western part of the DFS, obtaining a good fit to the observations. The resulting model indicates that a slip rate of ∼5mmyr−1 accumulates on the fault below 10 km depth, and that in its western sector the Doruneh fault is not purely strike-slip (left-lateral) as in its central part, but shows a significant thrust component. Based on published geological observations, and assuming that all interseismic deformation is recovered with a single event, we can estimate a characteristic recurrence interval between 630 and 1400 yr.
    Description: Published
    Description: 622-628
    Description: 1.10. TTC - Telerilevamento
    Description: 3.2. Tettonica attiva
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Image processing; Satellite geodesy; Seismic cycle; Radar interferometry; Seismicity and tectonics; Continental tectonics: strike-slip and transform. ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.01. Crustal deformations ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.06. Measurements and monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.07. Satellite geodesy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.09. Structural geology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.03. Earthquake source and dynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.02. Geodynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.07. Tectonics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 6
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    InSAR Time Series Analysis of Natural and Anthropogenic Coastal Plain Subsidence: The Case of Sibari (Southern Italy) (2015)
    Molecular Diversity Preservation International
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: We applied the Small Baseline Subset multi-temporal InSAR technique (SBAS) to two SAR datasets acquired from 2003 up to 2013 by Envisat (ESA, European Space Agency) and COSMO-SkyMed (ASI, Italian Space Agency) satellites to investigate spatial and temporal patterns of land subsidence in the Sibari Plain (Southern Italy). Subsidence processes (up to ~20 mm/yr) were investigated comparing geological, hydrogeological, and land use information with interferometric results. We suppose a correlation between subsidence and thickness of the Plio-Quaternary succession suggesting an active role of the isostatic compensation. Furthermore, the active back thrusting in the Corigliano Gulf could trigger a flexural subsidence mechanism even if fault activity and earthquakes do not seem play a role in the present subsidence. In this context, the compaction of Holocene deposits contributes to ground deformation. Despite the rapid urbanization of the area in the last 50 years, we do not consider the intensive groundwater pumping and related water table drop as the main triggering cause of subsidence phenomena, in disagreement with some previous publications. Our interpretation for the deformation fields related to natural and anthropogenic factors would be a comprehensive and exhaustive justification to the complexity of subsidence processes in the Sibari Plain.
    Description: PON (Operational National Plan) 2007–2013 from MIUR (Italian Research Ministry of Research) Project AMICUS (Study for the environmental protection and the mitigation of Anthropogenic Pollution In the Coastal Environment of selected areas of Calabria; ID: PON01_ 02818) - COSMO-SkyMed® PRODUCTS, © ASI (Italian Space Agency)—provided under license of ASI in the framework of the S3 Project “Short term earthquake prediction and preparation” (DPC-INGV, 2013). The Envisat images are provided by ESA (European Space Agency) under the CAT.1P 5605
    Description: Published
    Description: 16004–16023
    Description: 6A. Monitoraggio ambientale, sicurezza e territorio
    Description: 1IT. Reti di monitoraggio e Osservazioni
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: SBAS-InSAR ; Sibari Plain ; subsidence ; geology ; anthropic processes ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.07. Satellite geodesy
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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