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  • MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute  (60)
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  • 1
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-10-25
    Description: This reprint reports on new advances in basic and applied research of soil pollution and remediation. A list of contaminants are targeted, including toxic metal(loid)s (e.g., Pb, As, Sb, and multi-metals), organic contaminants (e.g., organochlorine pesticides, phenanthrene, and petroleum), and antibiotics (e.g., sulfadiazine). The occurrence, environmental behaviors, and risks of these contaminants are explored. Special attention is devoted to techniques for the remediation of polluted soils, such as stabilization/solidification, photocatalytic degradation, and thermal desorption. This reprint provides new insights into soil pollution and remediation.
    Keywords: miyun reservoir ; pollution assessment ; binary mixing model ; source appointment ; illegal use ; non-point source pollution ; agricultural use ; veterinary use ; Three Gorges ; sulfadiazine ; Cu2+ co-existence ; paddy soils ; adsorption ; soil properties ; β-CD modified BC ; stabilization/solidification ; response surface methodology ; synchronous adsorption investigations ; PHe ; primary explosives site ; heavy metal contamination ; antimony ; co-occurring metal ; Fe–Al-based amendment ; immobilization ; heavy metals ; input flux ; source ; management ; garland chrysanthemum ; lettuce ; antioxidant defense enzymes ; GSH ; PCs ; comprehensive evaluation method ; contaminated soil ; ex situ thermal desorption ; environmental impact ; resource utilization ; low-molecular-weight organic acid salts ; phosphate ; arsenic-contaminated soil ; microorganisms ; nano zero-valent iron (nZVI) ; biochar ; photocatalysis ; synergy ; TPH ; soil ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KC Economics::KCN Environmental economics ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TQ Environmental science, engineering & technology::TQK Pollution control
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  • 2
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: In the past 20 years, karst desertification control has produced remarkable results, and the South China karst has been a global hotspot for greening. However, in the new stage of karst desertification control, the functional lag of forest ecosystems and the insufficient supply capacity of ecosystem services are gradually becoming prominent. We not only lack systematic research on vulnerability and resilience, structure and stability, ecological assets and services, carrying capacity and ecological security, and service trade-offs/synergies and optimization in controlled ecosystems. There is still a lack of research on the ecological processes of newly constructed forests in improving ecosystem functions and services. Therefore, this reprint mainly focuses on the research improvement of forest ecosystem functions in karst desertification control. This includes the improvement mechanism of ecosystem structure, function, and services, the mechanism of ecosystem service tradeoff/synergy, and function optimization. An optimization model of ecosystem function and an improvement path for eco-product supply are introduced. The role of functional traits in the maintenance of ecological function and services is also established, and social–ecological responses to afforestation in karst desertification control are discussed.
    Keywords: structural trait ; element trait ; physiological trait ; leaf ; root ; karst ; ecosystem service supply ; value accounting ; eco-industry ; karst desertification environment ; farmland hydrological cycle ; agroforestry ; agronomic measures to water saving ; planting combinations ; investment strategy ; plant adaptability ; soil ; response ; biodiversity ; ecosystem services ; forests ; karst desertification ; plant functional traits ; structure ; landscape security pattern ; sensitivity ; landscape connectivity ; Guanling County ; Guizhou ; ecological products ; value realization ; ecological industry ; resilient landscape ; rural planning ; resilience assessment ; karst rocky desertification control areas ; karst forest ; vegetation water use strategy ; hydrogen and oxygen stable isotopes ; hydrologic niche separation ; principal component analysis ; redundancy analysis ; karst rocky desertification area ; species diversity ; evaluation indicator systems ; fuzzy integrated evaluation ; karst spring ; dissolved organic carbon/nitrogen ; rocky desertification ; terrestrial ecosystem ; soil aggregate stability ; soil nutrients ; vegetation restoration ; karst rocky desertification ; forest ; karst desertification control ; loquat ; intercropping peanut ; N2O emission ; Abies fanjingshanensis ; microbial carbon use efficiency ; physicochemical indices ; bacteria ; fungus ; structural optimization ; water and fertilizer regulation ; functional improvement ; forests ecosystem ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAF Ecological science, the Biosphere
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  • 3
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Agriculture requires technical solutions for increasing production while lessening environmental impact by reducing the application of agro-chemicals and increasing the use of environmentally friendly management practices. A benefit of this is the reduction of production costs. Sensor technologies produce tools to achieve the abovementioned goals. The explosive technological advances and developments in recent years have enormously facilitated the attainment of these objectives, removing many barriers for their implementation, including the reservations expressed by farmers. Precision agriculture and ‘smart farming’ are emerging areas where sensor-based technologies play an important role. Farmers, researchers, and technical manufacturers are joining their efforts to find efficient solutions, improvements in production, and reductions in costs. This book brings together recent research and developments concerning novel sensors and their applications in agriculture. Sensors in agriculture are based on the requirements of farmers, according to the farming operations that need to be addressed.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; optical sensor ; spectral analysis ; response surface sampling ; sensor evaluation ; electromagnetic induction ; multivariate water quality parameters ; mandarin orange ; crop inspection platform ; SPA-MLR ; object tracking ; feature selection ; simultaneous measurement ; diseases ; genetic algorithms ; processing of sensed data ; electrochemical sensors ; thermal image ; ECa-directed soil sampling ; handheld ; recognition patterns ; salt concentration ; clover-grass ; bovine embedded hardware ; weed control ; soil ; field crops ; vineyard ; connected dominating set ; water depth sensors ; SS-OCT ; wheat ; striped stem-borer ; silage ; geostatistics ; detection ; NIR hyperspectral imaging ; electronic nose ; machine learning ; virtual organizations of agents ; packing density ; data validation and calibration ; dataset ; Wi-SUN ; temperature sensors ; geoinformatics ; gas sensor ; X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy ; vegetable oil ; photograph-grid method ; Vitis vinifera ; WSN distribution algorithms ; laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy ; irrigation ; quality assessment ; energy efficiency ; wireless sensor network (WSN) ; geo-information ; Fusarium ; texture features ; weeds ; discrimination ; big data ; soil moisture sensors ; meat spoilage ; land cover ; stereo imaging ; near infrared sensors ; biological sensing ; compound sensor ; pest management ; moisture ; plant localization ; heavy metal contamination ; artificial neural networks ; spectral pre-processing ; moisture content ; apparent soil electrical conductivity ; data fusion ; semi-arid regions ; smart irrigation ; back propagation model ; wireless sensor network ; energy balance ; light-beam ; fluorescent measurement ; agriculture ; precision agriculture ; deep learning ; spectroscopy ; hulled barely ; dielectric probe ; RPAS ; water supply network ; rice leaves ; mobile app ; gradient boosted machines ; hyperspectral camera ; one-class ; nitrogen ; LiDAR ; total carbon ; chemometrics analysis ; rice ; agricultural land ; on-line vis-NIR measurement ; CARS ; obstacle detection ; stratification ; neural networks ; regression estimator ; Kinect ; proximity sensing ; distributed systems ; pest ; noninvasive detection ; texture feature ; soil mapping ; classification ; soil salinity ; visible and near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy ; germination ; computer vision ; hyperspectral imaging ; diffusion ; dielectric dispersion ; UAS ; random forests ; case studies ; total nitrogen ; thermal imaging ; cameras ; dry matter composition ; near-infrared ; salt tolerance ; deep convolutional neural networks ; soil type classification ; water management ; preprocessing methods ; wireless sensor networks (WSN) ; remote sensing image classification ; precision plant protection ; radar ; spatial variability ; GF-1 satellite ; plant disease ; naked barley ; leaf area index ; CIE-Lab ; change of support ; radiative transfer model ; 3D reconstruction ; plant phenotyping ; vine ; near infrared ; vegetation indices ; remote sensing ; greenhouse ; time-series data ; scattering ; sensor ; crop area ; speckle ; spatial data ; grapevine breeding ; wide field view ; partial least squares-discriminant analysis ; spiking ; area frame sampling ; chromium content ; machine-learning ; RGB-D sensor ; pest scouting ; PLS ; Capsicum annuum ; spatial-temporal model ; drying temperature ; boron tolerance ; ambient intelligence ; laser wavelength ; fuzzy logic ; dynamic weight ; landslide ; management zones ; real-time processing ; event detection ; crop monitoring ; apple shelf-life ; rice field monitoring ; wireless sensor ; birth sensor ; proximal sensor ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
    Language: English
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  • 4
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-05-06
    Description: The concept of nitrogen gap (NG), i.e., its recognition and amelioration, forms the core of this book entitled Site-Specific Nutrient Management (SSNM). Determination of the presence of an NG between fields on a farm and/or within a particular field, together with its size, requires a set of highly reliable diagnostic tools. The necessary set of diagnostic tools, based classically on pedological and agrochemical methods, should be currently supported by remote-sensing methods. A combination of these two groups of methods is the only way to recognize the factors responsible for yield gap (YG) appearance and to offer a choice of measures for its effective amelioration. The NG concept is discussed in the two first papers (Grzebisz and Łukowiak, Agronomy 2021, 11, 419; Łukowiak et al., Agronomy 2020, 10, 1959). Crop productivity depends on a synchronization of plant demand for nitrogen and its supply from soil resources during the growing season. The action of nitrate nitrogen (N–NO3), resulting in direct plant crop response, can be treated by farmers as a crucial growth factor. The expected outcome also depends on the status of soil fertility factors, including pools of available nutrients and the activity of microorganisms. Three papers are devoted to these basic aspects of soil fertility management (Sulewska et al., Agronomy 2020, 10, 1958; Grzebisz et al., Agronomy 2020, 10, 1701; Hlisnikovsky et al., Agronomy 2021, 11, 1333). The resistance of a currently cultivated crop to seasonal weather variability depends to a great extent on the soil fertility level. This aspect is thoroughly discussed for three distinct soil types and climates with respect to their impact on yield (Hlisnikovsky et al., Agronomy 2020, 10, 1160—Czech Republic; Wang et al., Agronomy 2020, 10, 1237—China; Łukowiak and Grzebisz et al., Agronomy 2020, 10, 1364—Poland). In the fourth section of this book, the division a particular field into homogenous production zones is discussed as a basis for effective nitrogen management within the field. This topic is presented for different regions and crops (China, Poland, and the USA) (Cammarano et al., Agronomy 2020, 10, 1767; Panek et al., Agronomy 2020, 10, 1842; Larson et al., Agronomy 2020, 10, 1858).
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum L. ; farmyard manure ; mineral fertilizers ; crude protein content ; soil properties, site-specific requirements ; yield ; site-specific nitrogen management ; regional optimal nitrogen management ; net return ; nitrogen use efficiency ; spatial variability ; temporal variability ; seed density ; N uptake ; indices of N productivity ; mineral N ; indigenous Nmin at spring ; post-harvest Nmin ; N balance ; N efficiency ; maximum photochemical efficiency of photosystem II ; chlorophyll content index ; soil enzymatic activity ; biological index fertility ; nitrogenase activity ; microelements fertilization (Ti ; Si ; B ; Mo ; Zn) ; soil ; nitrate nitrogen content ; contents of available phosphorus ; potassium ; magnesium ; calcium ; cardinal stages of WOSR growth ; PCA ; site-specific nutrient management ; soil brightness ; satellite remote sensing ; crop yield ; soil fertility ; winter wheat ; winter triticale ; vegetation indices ; NDVI ; grain yield ; number of spikes ; economics ; normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) ; on-the-go sensors ; winter oilseed rape → winter triticale cropping sequence ; N input ; N total uptake ; N gap ; Beta vulgaris L. ; organic manure ; weather conditions ; soil chemistry ; sugar concentration ; climatic potential yield ; yield gap ; soil constraints ; subsoil ; remote sensing-techniques ; field ; a field ; crop production ; sustainability ; homogenous productivity units ; nitrogen indicators: in-season ; spatial ; vertical variability of N demand and supply ; spectral imagery ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture
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  • 5
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-11-30
    Description: Remote sensing is a powerful technique for characterizing and monitoring crop or vegetation properties at reasonable temporal and spatial resolutions. Remote sensing uses airborne and spaceborne platforms to collect various imageries and is widely applied for the vegetation monitoring of local- or large-scale interest concerning the effect of geophysical and climate parameters. The Special Issue highlights vegetation monitoring using remote sensing data acquired from satellite or unmanned aerial vehicle platforms. In addition to the optical data, thermal data is utilized to estimate crop yield or production, orchard water status, chlorophyll content, forest diversity mapping, or vegetation phenology.
    Keywords: rice and wheat ; nitrogen remote sensing ; quantitative retrieval ; research prospect ; vegetation phenology ; snow cover ; vegetation index ; SOS ; Tibetan Plateau ; remote sensing ; forest diversity ; GEDI LiDAR ; Sentinel-2 ; machine Learning ; yield forecasting ; logistic model ; normalization method ; crop canopy temperature ; maize ; broadband vegetation indices ; chlorophyll content ; leaf angle distribution ; WorldView-2 ; RapidEye ; GaoFen-6 ; random forest ; land evaluation ; soil ; biomass ; Hungary ; gross primary productivity ; soil health ; soil quality ; coastal marsh ; continuum removal ; hyperspectral ; spectral signatures ; unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) ; vegetation species discrimination ; second derivative transformation ; canopy temperature ; crop water status index ; accuracy assessment ; peach orchard ; stem water potential ; backscatter ; gradient boosting ; machine learning ; NDVI ; precision agriculture ; forest stock volume ; NDVIRE ; Helan mountains ; convolutional neural networks (CNNs) ; unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) ; semi-natural grasslands ; plant communities ; time series ; reconstruction algorithm ; smoothing ; optical remote sensing ; cropping intensity ; temporal mixture analysis ; endmember ; unmixing ; time series images ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning::RG Geography
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  • 6
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-04-05
    Description: The Special Issue “Radioactive Pollution and Biological Effects of Radioactivity“of the Journal Life involved the participation of academic scientists, researchers, and scholars from all over the World that contributed with articles, reviews, and case reports, based on high-quality research works.The common topic of the published works concerns the radioactive pollution, which occurs when radioactive elements enter the atmosphere and reach the Earth’s surface, within solids, liquids, or gases, including the human body. This happens after natural and/or man-made activities, such as nuclear tests, industrial waste (e.g., radiodiagnostics), and excesses of naturally occurring radioactive sources. This kind of pollution entails risks of radiological contamination of the environment, with harmful effects on human health caused by the ionizing radiation. This theme has become even more current due to the increasing use of ionizing radiation for domestic, industrial, and medical purposes during the last century. Radiological monitoring is a primary objective of radiation protection in order to estimate and understand the impact of radionuclides on the environment and to assess the health risk for the population.The aim of the Special Issue has been to provide an interdisciplinary platform for researchers to exchange and share their experiences and latest achievements on all aspects of radioactive pollution. Survey data analysis, original and unpublished results of conceptual, constructive, empirical, experimental, and theoretical work were welcome, as well as other concepts related to the radiation field.
    Keywords: radon ; effective dose ; workplaces ; soil ; tea leaves ; HPGe γ-ray spectrometry ; terrestrial and anthropogenic radionuclides ; threshold consumption rate ; committed effective dose ; genomics ; transcriptomics ; proteomics ; lipidomics ; radiation ; cetaceans ; CR-39 detector ; Euratom 59/2013 ; Italian radiation protection legislation ; radon indoor ; radon survey ; radioactivity ; gamma spectrometry ; absorbed dose rates ; radiation risk ; aquatic environment ; non-human biota ; graphene oxide/chitosan sponge ; adsorbent ; adsorption isotherm ; iodine-131 ; radioactive waste management ; metabolome ; GC-MS ; LC-MS ; Fukushima nuclear accident ; low-dose radiation exposure ; plant physiology ; Oxalis corniculata ; radioactive pollution ; field effect ; alfuzosin ; serum biomarker ; lung cancer ; CEA ; Cyfra21-1 ; radiocaesium ; mushrooms ; Chernobyl accident ; LC–MS ; creeping wood sorrel ; endophytic microbe ; stress response ; lauric acid ; ikarugamycin ; plant secondary metabolite ; artificial diet ; Zizeeria maha ; low-dose exposure ; natural environmental radiation ; indoor radon ; external dose ; burning season ; imaging tests ; radiation exposure ; recommendations ; gender ; socioeconomical status ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KC Economics::KCN Environmental economics ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TQ Environmental science, engineering & technology::TQK Pollution control
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  • 7
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-03-07
    Description: This reprint is of interest regarding contaminated sites remediation, which integrates the research results within 20 publications covering contaminated sites remediation's full life cycle. They include pollution investigation, environmental fate, pollution control, and review. In addition, the reprint addresses all aspects of contaminated site remediation, including heavy metal pollution, organic pollution, and combined pollution. These results can help to understand the remediation of the contaminated sites in depth throughout the life cycle and help break through the bottleneck of contaminated sites remediation and provide new ideas and methods for the development of contaminated sites remediation.
    Keywords: magnetic composites ; tetracycline ; adsorption ; advanced oxidation processes ; solid waste ; soil contamination ; biochar ; Brassica campestris L. ; Cd ; Pb ; hexavalent chromium ; chrome plating site ; pollution distribution ; leachability ; speciation ; site investigation ; in situ pXRF ; multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS) ; heavy metals ; rapid field screening ; bone char ; hydrogen peroxide treatment ; cadmium ; adsorption mechanism ; ion interchange ; BDE-209 ; soil suspension ; photodegradation ; products ; mechanism ; surface sediment ; ecological risk assessment ; Pearl Bay ; heavy metal ; sediment ; ecological risk ; Shantou Bay ; copper ; water spinach ; antioxidant enzymes ; microbial community ; tailings pond ; form ; rhizosphere ; miscanthus floridulus ; electroplating factory ; groundwater ; soil ; multivariable analysis ; environmental evaluation ; penetration curve ; petroleum pollution ; PHE ; soil column ; typical oilfields ; vertical migration ; soil remediation ; cadmium contamination ; recent advances ; challenges and prospects ; winter jujube ; Yellow River Delta ; granular-activated carbon ; polybrominated diphenyl ethers ; Triton X-100 ; soil-washing effluent ; density functional theory calculation ; human-health risk ; numerical simulation ; polyethylene ; phenanthrene ; soil properties ; soil enzyme ; pyrite ; AMD ; surface passivation ; band bending ; lead ; ecotype ; accumulation and translocation ; Cr(VI) ; migration ; model ; slag ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 8
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: After successful government-led afforestation projects, what are the challenges for forest management in the face of climate change in East Asia? This reprint presents studies from the natural and social sciences related to forest conservation, engineering, disaster sociology, and forest policy in China and Japan. The papers cover a range of topics, including forest owners' attitudes, forest resource utilization, evaluation of forestry mechanization and forest roads, characteristics of damage from torrential rains, resilience of rural communities, economic transformation, and others.
    Keywords: Yangtze River Delta ; forest resources abundance ; economic development ; ESG ; sustainable management ; corporate social responsibility (CSR) ; non-financial disclosure ; emerging market ; key state-owned forest area ; system coupling ; ecological construction ; economic transformation ; grey relational analysis (GRA) ; extreme value analysis ; daily rainfall ; floods ; rainfall-induced landslides ; regional frequency analysis ; station-year method ; Kyushu region ; CO2 emission ; forestry ; Gifu Prefecture ; input–output analysis ; renewable energy ; ripple effect ; eco-efficiency ; sustainable development ; forestry resources ; New Scheme of Forest Management ; Forest Management Law ; private forest ; small-scale forestry ; typology of forest owners ; Japan ; bearing capacity ; road construction method ; roadbed strength ; soil ; spur road ; forest road failure ; streamside ; stream crossing ; zero-order basin ; relative risk ; seisan shinrin kumiai ; ninka chien dantai ; common property resource ; developed countries ; external policy influence ; forest management activities ; local landscape ; observation ; depopulation ; municipal government ; local identity ; revitalization ; outsiders ; collaboration ; resilience ; small-scale forest road ; UAV ; Structure from Motion (SfM) ; earthwork volume ; under tree canopy ; productivity ; harvesting system ; processor tower yarder ; combined machine productivity ; combined labor productivity ; afforestation ; under-utilization ; forestry operation ; clearcutting ; economic losses ; societal losses ; rural community ; disaster-resilient forestry ; East Asia ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KN Industry and industrial studies::KNA Agribusiness and primary industries::KNAL Forestry industry
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  • 9
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: In the modern era of industrial revolution, urbanization, and deforestation of forest land, carbon (C) sequestration through well-known activities called “land use, land-use change and forestry (LULUCF)” could establish a win–win situation from a climate change and sustainable development perspective. Equally important are the socio-economic co-benefits of C sequestration, given their implications on properly designed policies, especially on restoration and/or conservation of forests located in the tropical eco-regions. Further, the huge contribution of C sequestered in the vegetation and its underlain soil helps to protect socio-economic damages from climate change. This book explores the C sequestration of vegetation and its underlying soil, deforestation, as well as its impact on climate change, a vulnerability risk assessment for the climate, socio-economic impacts, and the mitigation of future climate impact strategies. The theme of the book extends across environmental policy (e.g., the Paris Agreement and REDD+), C sequestration in the terrestrial ecosystems, the applicability of land use, and the C credit generated at regional and global scales. This book is highly useful for environmentalists, hydrologists, soil scientists, and policymakers to understand the C sequestration potential of the vegetation and underlying soil in the terrestrial ecosystems at the regional, national and global scale to further study the long-term impacts on socio-economic development resulting from its implementation via climate change modeling.
    Keywords: land ; use ; and ; cover ; soil ; health ; risk ; environmental ; chemistry ; biogeochemical ; ecological ; carbon ; sequestration ; vulnerability ; assessment ; stock ; forestry ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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  • 10
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-02-02
    Description: Throughout their life cycles—from production, usage, through to disposal—materials and products interact with the environment (water, soil, and air). At the same time, they are exposed to environmental influences and, through their emissions, have an impact on the environment, people, and health. Accelerated experimental testing processes can be used to predict the long-term environmental consequences of innovative products before these actually enter the environment. We are living in a material world. Building materials, geosynthetics, wooden toys, soil, nanomaterials, composites, wastes and more are research subjects examined by the authors of this book. The interactions of materials with the environment are manifold. Therefore, it is important to assess the environmental impact of these interactions. Some answers to how this task can be achieved are given in this Special Issue.
    Keywords: environmental simulations ; polymer-based products ; artificial weathering ; degradation ; leaching ; soil contact ; carbon concrete composite ; irrigated construction elements ; environmental compatibility ; irrigated building materials ; environmental assessment ; evaluation concepts ; bio-based insulation ; earthen building materials ; volatile organic compounds ; semi-volatile organic compounds ; formaldehyde ; radon ; wooden toys ; emission test chamber ; flask method ; EN 717-3 ; microchamber ; Enchytraeids ; waterproof building materials ; ecotoxicology ; biotest ; geosynthetics ; geotextiles ; dynamic surface leaching test ; artificial ageing ; marine littering ; batch leaching test ; liquid-solid ratio ; column percolation test ; advection-dispersion model ; adsorption–desorption equilibrium ; clinoptilolite ; soil ; water ; CEC ; specific surface ; zeolitization ; hydrogen storage ; kinetics ; material life cycle assessment ; Eco-Indicator 99’ ; CML 2001 ; calcium phosphate ; calcium carbonate ; recycling ; environmental problems ; seashell ; leaching test ; equilibrium condition ; non-equilibrium condition ; modelling ; sorption kinetics ; non-linear sorption ; heterogeneity ; mineral recycling material ; compliance testing ; nano titanium dioxide (nTiO2) ; engineered nanomaterial (ENM) ; sewage sludge incineration (SSI) ; ENM containing sewage sludge ash (SSA) ; column elution ; agricultural use ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KC Economics::KCN Environmental economics
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  • 11
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-05-06
    Description: This book, entitled “Elemental Concentration and Pollution in Soil, Water, and Sediment”, presents an updated overview of the main trace elements in living organisms. This collection brings researchers from different fields together, including those from biogeochemistry and ecotoxicology in various environmental media, in order to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the environmental fate of trace elements in their biogeochemical cycles for different ecosystems.
    Keywords: marine sediments ; trace metals ; speciation ; contamination ; San Simon Bay ; soil remediation ; toxicity bioassays ; humic substances ; calcium carbonate ; iron oxides ; polyphenolic compounds ; heavy metals ; soil ; enrichment factor ; geoaccumulation index ; contamination factor ; pollution indices ; soil contamination ; geogenic and anthropogenic origin ; iron ore deposits ; tailing dumps ; seepage water ; water balance of the enterprise ; metals ; p-arsanilic acid ; adsorption ; natural fluorine-enriched soil ; natural sources ; chemical extraction resistance ; low washing efficiency ; lacustrine sediments ; geochemical mapping ; spatial distribution ; contamination assessment ; environmental risk assessments ; sediment quality guidelines ; pollution ; bottom sediments ; river ; acid mine drainage ; abandoned coal mine ; potentially toxic elements ; pollution level ; potential ecological risk ; sewage sludge ; calcareous soil ; extraction DTPA ; crop ; transfer ; long time ; engineered nanoparticles ; organic matter ; phosphorus ; nutrients ; volcanic soil ; agricultural land contamination ; sediment ; irrigation canal ; heavy metal ; copper ; cadmium ; Daphnia pulex ; ecotoxicology ; LC50 ; ecological risk assessment ; karst areas ; soil properties ; urban ecology ; trace metal pollution ; soil organisms ; diversity ; Western Siberia ; snow pollution ; trace metals and metalloids ; atmospheric depositions ; solubility ; sediments ; bioindicators ; geochemical background ; risk assessment code ; sequential extraction ; groundwater ; precipitation ; caustic calcined magnesia (CCM) ; permeable reactive barrier (PRB) ; natural water ; water quality ; Arctic region ; elemental composition ; springs ; QR code ; modern sedimentation processes ; mineralogy ; geochemistry ; authigenic minerals ; hydrogen sulfide contamination ; arid climate ; Caspian Sea ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PN Chemistry
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  • 12
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-01-05
    Description: Throughout their life cycles—from production, usage, through to disposal—materials and products interact with the environment (water, soil, and air). At the same time, they are exposed to environmental influences and, through their emissions, have an impact on the environment, people, and health. Accelerated experimental testing processes can be used to predict the long-term environmental consequences of innovative products before these actually enter the environment. We are living in a material world. Building materials, geosynthetics, wooden toys, soil, nanomaterials, composites, wastes and more are research subjects examined by the authors of this book. The interactions of materials with the environment are manifold. Therefore, it is important to assess the environmental impact of these interactions. Some answers to how this task can be achieved are given in this Special Issue.
    Keywords: environmental simulations ; polymer-based products ; artificial weathering ; degradation ; leaching ; soil contact ; carbon concrete composite ; irrigated construction elements ; environmental compatibility ; irrigated building materials ; environmental assessment ; evaluation concepts ; bio-based insulation ; earthen building materials ; volatile organic compounds ; semi-volatile organic compounds ; formaldehyde ; radon ; wooden toys ; emission test chamber ; flask method ; EN 717-3 ; microchamber ; Enchytraeids ; waterproof building materials ; ecotoxicology ; biotest ; geosynthetics ; geotextiles ; dynamic surface leaching test ; artificial ageing ; marine littering ; batch leaching test ; liquid-solid ratio ; column percolation test ; advection-dispersion model ; adsorption–desorption equilibrium ; clinoptilolite ; soil ; water ; CEC ; specific surface ; zeolitization ; hydrogen storage ; kinetics ; material life cycle assessment ; Eco-Indicator 99’ ; CML 2001 ; calcium phosphate ; calcium carbonate ; recycling ; environmental problems ; seashell ; leaching test ; equilibrium condition ; non-equilibrium condition ; modelling ; sorption kinetics ; non-linear sorption ; heterogeneity ; mineral recycling material ; compliance testing ; nano titanium dioxide (nTiO2) ; engineered nanomaterial (ENM) ; sewage sludge incineration (SSI) ; ENM containing sewage sludge ash (SSA) ; column elution ; agricultural use ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KC Economics::KCN Environmental economics
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  • 13
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-01-08
    Description: This reprint combines 11 quality review and research articles on active and intelligent food packaging polymers. We anticipate that the contributions gathered within this Special Issue not only reflect the current state of the field but also serve as a catalyst for future advancements. Together, we aim to unravel the intricacies of active and intelligent food packaging, paving the way for a safer, more sustainable, and technologically enriched future in the realm of food preservation.
    Keywords: biopolymers ; compost ; soil ; aquatic systems ; biodegradation assay ; food packaging ; antimicrobial film ; antioxidant film ; active packaging ; EVOH copolymer ; methyl anthranilate ; melt-extrusion ; film properties ; antifungal activity ; cellulose nanocrystal ; silver nanoparticle ; hydrothermal green synthesis ; colorimetric freshness indicator ; intelligent packaging ; active compounds ; food additives ; food toxicity ; functional foods ; nano-encapsulation ; orange juice ; physicochemical characteristics ; microbial stability ; shelf-life ; lignin nanoparticles ; thymol ; polybutylene succinate ; antimicrobial packaging ; biodegradable materials ; thermochromic inks ; chemical resistance ; UV radiation ; color degradation ; anthocyanin ; Clitoria ternatea L. ; ultrasonic extraction ; pH-responsive indicator ; food freshness ; titanium dioxide ; photocatalytic activity ; ethylene-removing ; nanocomposites ; eco-friendly materials ; oxygen scavenger ; multilayer film ; volatile organic compound ; VOC ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PN Chemistry ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PN Chemistry::PNK Inorganic chemistry
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  • 14
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-05-06
    Description: Implementing environmentally friendly and cost-effective solutions is a pressing need to fulfill the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) set to be achieved by 2030. Thus, the requirement to execute the design, construction and maintenance of civil engineering structures and infrastructures as sustainably as possible are big challenges currently faced by civil and geotechnical engineers. This book, compiling the papers published during the 2020–2021 biennium in the Topical Collection, “Sustainability in Geotechnics: The Use of Environmentally Friendly Materials”, is intended help tackle those challenges. Several topics are covered by the 23 papers published herein, including: sustainable ground improvement techniques; replacement of raw materials such as soils and aggregates by recycled materials; soil reinforcement with alternative materials; sustainable solutions using geosynthetics; low-carbon solutions for stabilization of contaminated soils; and bioengineering techniques to prevent soil erosion. The Guest Editor expects that this book can be very useful towards the achievement of more environmentally friendly solutions, in particular in the field of geotechnical engineering.
    Keywords: low carbon materials ; heavy metal immobilization ; sustainable remediation ; environmentally friendly materials ; sustainability in geotechnics ; recycled construction and demolition materials ; geogrids ; pullout behaviour ; pullout test parameters ; cement ; lime ; copper slag ; strength ; durability ; microstructure ; eCO2 ; embodied energy ; soda residue ; fly ash ; field test ; laboratory test ; mechanical property ; gypsum ; liners ; pavements ; PROMETHEE ; heavy metals ; soil ; enzyme solutions ; desorption ; extractant ; bioengineering techniques ; vegetative cover index ; slope’s superficial erosion ; phytosanitary aspects ; climatological conditions ; geosynthetics ; geotextile tubes ; sludge ; dewatering ; total solids ; polymer dosing ; response surface ; geomembrane ; HDPE ; thermal analysis ; sewage ; leachate ; incinerator bottom ash ; geotextiles ; mechanical damage ; sustainable engineering ; waste valorization ; soil improvement ; polypropylene strips ; geotechnical properties ; sustainable reuse of plastic waste ; recycled pet strips ; lateritic soil ; composite ; uniaxial tests ; shear strength ; small-strain stiffness ; ground improvement ; ground remediation ; local strain ; triaxial test ; geopolymer ; soil stabilization ; expansive soils ; sustainability benefits ; sustainable ground improvement ; oil-contaminated soils ; geotextile–polynorbornene liner ; pollutant adsorption ; diffusion ; permeability alteration ; microbial induced carbonate precipitation ; life cycle assessment ; energy consumption ; carbon emissions ; fine-grained soil ; tire-derived aggregate ; optimum moisture content ; maximum dry unit weight ; Bland–Altman analysis ; geogrid ; recycled materials ; interface shear strength ; large-direct shear test ; base course reinforcement ; pavement geotechnics ; recycled aluminum salt slag ; resilient modulus ; leachate analysis ; soil–cement ; recycled waste ; fatigue life ; subgrade ; compressive strength ; geogrid-reinforced soil structure ; substitute building material ; recycled material ; green infrastructure ; polypropylene fibers ; drained test ; stress–dilatancy ; wastes ; tires ; CDW ; PET bottles ; sustainability in geotechnical engineering ; sustainable ground remediation ; geopolymers ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 15
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The role of soils for achieving the Sustainable Development Goals is multifarious. Soils are the essential basis for food and biomass provision in support of food security (SDG 2) and energy security (SDG 7). Soil carbon sequestration is paramount for climate action (SDG 13). Soil-mediated water purification and retention, nutrient and matter cycling, and soils habitat functions are essential for maintaining ecosystem services and biodiversity (SDG 15). Healthy soils perform well in all these functions simultaneously. However, the globally increasing demand for food, fiber, and bio-based products poses massive challenges to soil health. Minimizing trade-offs between biomass production and soil health requires systemic approaches to assessment and governance of sustainable soil management in agriculture and food systems. It provides interdisciplinary insights into key questions: What are the impacts of agricultural management practices on sustainability targets in specific geophysical and socio-economic contexts? What are the opportunities and risks of future trends such as climate change, digitalization, and emerging technologies for soil management and soil health? How can institutions and governance instruments be improved to enable decision makers to take action on sustainable soil management? The book was initiated in the frame of the National German research program ‘BonaRes—Soil as a sustainable resource for the bioeconomy’, and it is meant to trigger interdisciplinary thinking.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; Q1-390 ; S1-972 ; land management ; risk assessment ; carob ; N leaching ; Syria ; earthworms ; subsoil ; desertification ; alfalfa ; yield potential ; tenant ; dynamic programming ; soil policy ; monitoring ; resource scarcity ; soil management ; crop–livestock interactions ; German Constitutional Law ; gross income ; Germany ; spatially explicit ; creation ethics ; bayesian network ; agricultural practices ; conventional farming ; soil ; soil degradation ; combination of modern and indigenous knowledge ; Costa Rica ; yield ; soils ; rent price ; fertilization ; sustainability assessment ; societal acceptance ; property rights ; justifying soil protection ; subsoil loosening ; behavioural studies ; governance ; agricultural policy ; water infiltration ; sealing ; soil protection ; soil framework directive ; rent proportion ; soil remediation ; so-called organic fertilizer ; soil compaction ; nutrient composition ; phosphorus ; resource use efficiency ; soil pressures ; soil threats ; Europe ; soil functions ; literature review ; sustainability ; conservation agriculture ; institutions ; environmental zones ; soil health ; landowner ; soil governance ; zero tillage ; coffee by-products ; production ; arid oasis ; Laudato si’ ; soil food web ; land ; compaction ; farmer motivations ; agricultural innovation ; crop rotation modelling ; Driver-Pressure-State-Impact-Response sustainability framework ; contamination ; sustainable soil management ; agricultural yields ; Nicaragua ; sustainable agriculture ; ecosystem services ; legal comparison ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 16
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The recovery of solid wastes for the preparation of innovative composite materials not only represents an economic advantage, but also offers an ecological opportunity for the utilization of by-products which would otherwise be landfilled. Specifically, the reuse and recycling of waste lead to important savings of raw materials and energy, since these by-products, generally deriv from agricultural or industrial activities, are abundant in nature. Moreover, a reduction of the environmental and related sanitary impacts can be also achieved. For this reason, a recycling operation is fundamental for the improvement of the environmental sustainability, because these secondary raw materials become a resource that can be easily reused without the modification of the peculiar characteristics, in order to obtain new and performing composites, with a low specific weight, high durability, and long life cycle.
    Keywords: Radioactive soil waste ; Gd2Ti2O7 pyrochlore ; SHS ; CeO2 ; Immobilization ; cementitious grout ; green grout ; cement ; slag substitution ; valorization ; circular economy ; cellulose aerogel ; oil absorbent ; cellulose ; white bamboo fibril ; water pollution ; natural rubber ; nanosilica ; mechanical property ; fertilizer plant ; hexafluorosilicic acid ; waste water ; cement composites ; recycled waste porous glass ; end-of-life tyre rubber ; safe production ; thermal insulation ; mechanical resistance ; render ; cement and cement-lime reinforced mortars ; natural fiber ; sheep’s wool ; sustainability ; chitosan film ; emerging pollutants ; ketoprofen ; food waste ; adsorption ; recycle ; recycled expanded polystyrene ; cement mortars ; eggshell ; Direct Blue 78 ; kinetics ; isotherms ; pulsed light ; fiber reinforced ; cementless composites ; microscopic property ; co-fired fly ash ; green materials ; biochar ; wheat straw ; sorbent ; cobalt ; copper ; soil ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 17
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: Climatic change causes a mismatch between tree populations on sites they currently occupy and the climate to which they have adapted in the past. The maintenance of productivity and of ecological and societal services requires resilient populations and ecosystems, particularly close to the vulnerable trailing (xeric) range limits. The studies confirm the selective effect of diverse habitat/climate conditions across the species ranges. Soil conditions may mask climate effects and should be considered separately. The unique potential of provenance tests is illustrated by growth response projections that may be less dramatic than provided by usual inventory data analyses. Assisted migration appears to be a feasible management action to compensate for climatic warming. However, the choice of populations needs special care under extreme conditions and outside the limits of current natural distribution ranges. The proper differentiation of measures according to the present and future adaptive challenges require the continuation of long-term analyses and the establishment of better focused field trials in disparate climates that contain populations from a representative range of habitats. The studies present results obtained from diverse regions of the temperate forest zone, from Central and Northwestern Europe, the Mediterranean, Russia, China, North and Central America.
    Keywords: Camptotheca acuminata ; MaxEnt ; climateAP ; suitable habitat ; climate change ; soil ; genetic variation ; seed sourcing ; forest management ; genetic conservation ; Pinus sylvestris ; climate-change impacts ; ecosystem responses to climate ; species distributions ; climatype distributions ; adaptive management ; provenance test ; genecology ; reforestation ; restoration ; conservation ; assisted migration ; climatic change ; climate transfer distance ; dryness index ; Abies religiosa ; survival ; mortality ; biomass ; basal diameter ; Monarch Butterfly Biosphere Reserve ; Picea abies ; field trials ; provenances ; families ; clones ; height growth ; phenotypic stability ; phenotypic plasticity ; mountain forest ; tree species selection ; Scots pine ; adaptation ; wood anatomy ; tracheidogram ; traits ; common garden ; silver fir ; grand fir ; Balkan firs ; drought stress ; resilience ; scots pine seed mass and seed zones ; a provenance trial ; bioclimatic models ; an ensemble of general circulation models ; RCP 2.6 and RCP 8.5 scenarios ; Russia ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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  • 18
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: Crop models and remote sensing techniques have been combined and applied in agriculture and crop estimation on local and regional scales, or worldwide, based on the simultaneous development of crop models and remote sensing. The literature shows that many new remote sensing sensors and valuable methods have been developed for the retrieval of canopy state variables and soil properties from remote sensing data for assimilating the retrieved variables into crop models. At the same time, remote sensing has been used in a staggering number of applications for agriculture. This book sets the context for remote sensing and modelling for agricultural systems as a mean to minimize the environmental impact, while increasing production and productivity. The eighteen papers published in this Special Issue, although not representative of all the work carried out in the field of Remote Sensing for agriculture and crop modeling,
    Keywords: G1-922 ; Q1-390 ; nitrogen nutrition index ; n/a ; soil organic carbon ; yield estimation ; hyperspectral sensor ; crop modeling ; crop residue management ; land use change ; flat-fan atomizer ; vegetation index ; septoria tritici blotch ; crop simulation model ; temporal variability ; spectral-weight variations in fused images ; plant ; EPIC model ; large cardamom ; crop inventory ; proximal sensing ; sorghum biomass ; soil ; UAV ; Integrated Administration and Control System ; canopy temperature depression ; fractional cover ; Cropsim-CERES Wheat ; hyperspectral data ; yield ; wheat ; precision farming ; SPAD ; AquaCrop ; prediction modeling ; spectral simulation ; leaf nitrogen concentration ; machine learning ; crop production ; protein content ; Á Trous algorithm ; spatial variability ; variable rate technology ; crop type mapping ; Tarim Basin ; leaf area index ; management zone ; irrigation ; multi-spectral ; agricultural land-cover ; crop modelling ; dynamic model ; satellite images ; climate change ; control variables ; generalized model ; Sentinel-2 satellite imagery ; vegetation indices ; vegetable monitoring ; Sentinel-2 ; remote sensing ; cultivars ; crop growth model ; yield monitoring ; big data technology ; conservation agriculture ; GIS ; fAPAR ; droplet drift ; simulation analysis ; durum wheat ; hydroponic ; grain yield ; Leaf Area Index ; NDVI ; precision agriculture ; relative frequencies ; soil stoichiometry ; habitat assessment ; data assimilation ; satellite ; species modelling ; ?13C ; disease ; nitrogen ; yield mapping ; UAV chemical application ; RGB images ; decision support system for agrotechnology transfer (DSSAT) ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RG Geography
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  • 19
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-02-24
    Description: Sustainable development in the agriculture sector is crucial to achieve the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) set by the United Nations (UN). There are lots of challenges to developing modern and intelligent agricultural techniques, tools, and systems, by which sustainable agriculture and food security can be satisfied. In addition, carbon-neutral development and clean energy utilization are also associated with the UN-SDGs. Such agricultural, biological, and environmental engineering studies are needed in the 21st century, particularly from the viewpoint of the agricultural water–energy–food security nexus. This book focuses on the recent proliferation and technological advancements in these engineering applications. This book aims to share recent updates on agricultural, biological, and environmental engineering, and the application of these engineering techniques in the agriculture sector. It presents such engineering technologies and applications in seven categories that include energy system applications in agriculture (three studies); irrigation and drainage (four studies); biomass, biogas, and biochar (three studies); farm mechanization and soil science (three studies); remote sensing and geographical studies (two studies); wastewater and biological studies (two studies); and case studies and societal aspects in agriculture (five studies). The editors believe that this book will be useful for agricultural scientists, researchers, and students.
    Keywords: air heat pump ; carbon dioxide ; formaldehyde ; electricity consumption ; ultra-fine dust ; municipal waste ; biological fertilizer ; phytopathogens ; sustainable agriculture ; organic waste treatment ; optical remote sensing ; microwave remote sensing ; phenology-based method ; forest conservation ; forest management ; rural residents ; economic incentives ; Pakistan ; less-favoured areas ; agricultural policy ; farm profitability ; traction ; soil ; sinkage ; single-track shoe ; penetration ; cohesion ; adhesion ; ANOVA ; Brassica chinensis ; coefficient of variation ; double-row ; metering device ; pneumatic ; greenhouse ; computational fluid dynamics ; airflow ; temperature ; humidity ; horticulture ; Zagazig ; Egypt ; willingness to accept ; gross margin ; mixed cropping ; ordered logistic regression ; bioresources ; circular bioeconomy ; economic analysis ; Nitrification inhibitor ; smog ; Wheat straw ; poultry farms ; air-conditioning ; evaporative cooling systems ; temperature-humidity index ; temperature-humidity-velocity index ; soil erosion ; sediment yield ; RUSLE ; sediment transport modeling ; Gomal River ; arid regions ; surface drain system ; design ; drainage effluent ; GF-6 ; maize ; straw ; support vector machine ; random forest ; red-edge wavelength ; biomass ; furnace ; efficiency ; economics ; carbon nanotubes ; surface modification ; heavy metals ; adsorption ; water and wastewater treatment ; renewable energy ; biogas production ; livestock manure ; anaerobic digestion ; COVID-19 ; Iran ; food security ; economic crisis ; agriculture ; food supply chain ; agricultural economy ; drip irrigation system ; net revenue ; small landholders ; sustainable irrigation ; agroforestry ; allometric equations ; carbon stock ; organic carbon ; potassium ; zinc ; physiological attributes ; climate change ; environment ; human health ; resources ; wastewater ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture
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  • 20
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-11-30
    Description: Porous media play an important role in a wide range of scientific and engineering problems. Therefore, the problems of their application are associated with the solution of multiscale processes that combine the transfer of mass, momentum, and energy.This Special Issue is devoted to the actual scientific problem of studying the processes of interconnected heat and mass transfer in porous media. This problem is one of the most complex and important fundamental areas of modern science and is of great applied importance. The results of heat and mass transfer studies in porous materials can be used to intensify heat transfer at various power plants in order to increase their energy efficiency. The purpose of this Special Issue is to showcase the latest developments in PM heat transfer and mass transfer technologies that contribute to sustainable development. Despite the fact that considerable attention has been paid to these issues, there is constant demand for innovative solutions to solve a wide range of problems in this area. Therefore, this Special Issue attempts to highlight and propose new solutions to these problems. These works develop a basic understanding of the scientific problems of heat and mass transfer in porous materials. Thematically, it is possible to distinguish three areas covered by the studies within this Special Issue: mass transfer in porous media, methods for the formation of a porous medium, and conjugate heat and mass transfer.
    Keywords: single-walled carbon nanotubes ; activated carbon ; reduced graphene oxide ; 2,4-D ; adsorption ; electroanalysis ; porous medium ; heat transfer ; mass transfer ; mathematical modeling ; numerical research methods ; porous materials ; channel porosity ; internal climate ; non-constant stay of people ; heating ; energy conservation ; combustion synthesis ; salts with carbon in molecule ; carbon materials ; modified CPEs ; perforated plates ; laser micromachining ; holes manufacture ; flow direction ; Loop Heat Pipe ; phase transitions ; hydrothermal synthesis ; zeolite synthesis ; magnetic induction ; zeolite X ; NaX ; scaleup ; soil ; ground heat exchanger ; filtration ; heat pump ; numerical simulation ; additive manufacturing ; heat pipes ; laser powder bed fusion ; wick structures ; heat pipe performance ; homogenization ; textiles ; yarns ; random fibers ; permeability ; effective diffusion ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 21
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-07-06
    Description: This Special Issue brings together some interconnected topics related to fungi and plants such as biodiversity, taxonomy, conservation, molecular phylogeny, ecology, and plant–fungal interactions. Additionally, some applied aspects are covered, such as phytoremediation, the improvement of spinach growth by biochar and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, bio-friendly solutions for waste reduction, the accumulation of rare-earth elements by wild edible mushrooms, etc.
    Keywords: 1 new taxon ; Agaricomycetes ; Basidiomycota ; biodiversity ; climate change ; Inocybaceae ; taxonomy ; spinach ; biochar ; AMF ; plant growth ; root morphological traits ; chlorophyll content ; soil enzymes and microbial biomass ; boletes ; morphology ; phylogeny ; new taxa ; DNA metabarcoding ; phylogenetic structure ; habitat filtering ; molecular phylogeny ; fungal ecology ; multi-gene phylogeny ; plant pathogen ; soil-borne fungi ; tree disease ; ascomycetous yeast ; distribution ; new species ; Wickerhamomyces ; mushrooms ; trace elements ; rare earth elements ; urban soils ; forest ; Boletales ; bolete diversity ; biogeography ; mycorrhizal fungi ; metal(loid)s pollution ; soil ; plants ; waste ; recyclable substrates ; oyster fungi ; antioxidants ; phenolic compounds ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 22
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-05-06
    Description: Many agricultural crops worldwide suffer from zinc (Zn) deficiency. Despite widespread interest in Zn, plant professionals often lack current information on this indispensable essential mineral nutrient. G. Hacisalihoglu, PhD, in Unraveling the Mechanisms of Zinc Efficiency in Crop Plants, and a host of recognized experts address this gap with the up-to-date importance of Zn nutrition. This book examines research aimed at understanding how plants uptake and utilize Zn. It has been peer-reviewed and multi-authored by expert plant biology scientists with related expertise. The editor provides a comprehensive overview of zinc (Zn) nutrition in plants, seeds, roots, and soil, which renders this book a good reference for plant biology professionals. Agricultural sustainability in the time of the growing world population will be one of the major challenges in the next 30 plus years. Zn is one of the most important essential mineral nutrients required for metabolic processes, so a shortage of Zn constrains crop yield and quality worldwide. Zinc efficiency and higher growth and yield under low Zn supply make it a promising sustainable solution for developing cultivars that are zinc efficient. Several articles are included in this book that provide an overview of current developments and trends in the times of high-throughput genomics and phenomics data analysis. Furthermore, this book presents research findings in various experimental models and areas ranging from maize to alfalfa, flax, and sorghum.Unraveling the Mechanisms of Zinc Efficiency in Crop Plants is a must read for researchers and plant biology professionals.
    Keywords: zinc ; sustainability ; food security ; seed quality ; zinc efficiency ; staple foods ; crops ; functional genomics ; homeostasis ; hormonal regulation ; iron ; maize ; malnutrition ; photosynthesis ; Adsorption ; desorption ; landscape position ; isotherm ; plant available Zn ; bioindication ; bryophytes ; moss ; cell shape ; particulate matter ; biofortification ; micronutrients ; nutrient uptake ; plant nutrition ; ZIP transporters ; nicotianamine ; metal tolerance protein (MTP) ; yellow stripe-like protein (YSL) ; zinc-induced facilitators (ZIF) ; heavy metal transporters (HMA) ; sodium selenate ; zinc sulfate ; cereal ; rainfed conditions ; forage yield ; 65Zn ; soil ; soil solution ; barley ; lability ; specific activity ; potential buffer capacity ; forms ; labile zinc pool ; silicon ; Zn-deficiency ; Zn-sufficiency ; Zn re-fertilization ; n/a ; nutrient dense ; superfood ; multi minerals ; health benefits ; gluten free ; percent daily value ; elevated CO2 ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture
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  • 23
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-02-24
    Description: Honey bee pathogens are spread worldwide and are strongly related to the decline of honey bee populations, which has severe implications for beekeeping, honey production and ecology. Honey bee pathogens are continuously studied by researchers with the aim to better understand the host­–parasite relationship of these pathogens and the effects that they have on bee colonies. Honey bee pathogens include bacteria (i.e., Melissococcus plutonius and Paenibacillus larvae), microsporidia (i.e., Nosema apis and Nosema ceranae), fungi (i.e., Ascosphaera apis), protozoa (i.e., Lotmaria passim, Crithidia bombi and Crithidia mellificae) and viruses (i.e., ABPV, CBPV, IAPV, KBV, DWV, BQCV and SBV). All of these pathogens are able to infect other bee species; infections would have important implications for their life cycles (e.g., Osmia sp. and Bombus sp.) or cause unknown epidemiological effects for other hymenopterans. In addition, old and new invasive pests (such as Varroa destructor, Aethina tumida, Vespa velutina, etc.) necessitate more studies to define their role as possible vectors or possible sources of infection for honey bees. For these reasons, knowledge on honey bee pathogens has become a matter of public interest and is connected with the critical role of honey bee health. The aim of this Special Issue is to explore honey bee pathogens, considering any aspect in relation to host–pathogen interaction and highlighting the possible interaction and spillover with other bee species and invasive pests, through a series of research articles that focus on different aspects of pathologies.
    Keywords: sacbrood virus ; sacbrood disease ; Apis cerana ; Apis mellifera ; microsporidia ; nosemosis control ; phytotherapy ; 16S rDNA gene ; honey bee ; small hive beetle ; invasive pest ; trypanosomatids ; honey bee virus ; deformed wing virus ; Kashmir bee virus ; replicative virus ; strand-specific RT-PCR ; 16S rRNA ; ITR2 ; NGS ; Nosema apis ; Nosema ceranae ; Nosema bombi ; Acarapis woodi ; Trypanosomatida ; Crithidia spp. ; neogregarines ; Apicystis spp. ; antropocene ; insectageddon ; urban area ; urban environment ; bee biology ; Varroa destructor ; treatment ; predictive model ; beekeeping ; decision-making tool ; Apis dorsata ; chito-oligosaccharide ; propolis ; Bombus spp. ; honeybee viruses ; black queen cell virus ; acute bee paralysis virus ; chronic bee paralysis virus ; genetic characterization ; sequencing ; transmission routes ; hypopharyngeal glands ; flight muscles ; honeybee immunity ; honeybee pathology ; bumblebees ; honeybees ; viruses ; Nosema spp. ; Crithidia bombi ; Apicystis bombi ; Lotmaria passim ; pathogens transmission ; honey bees ; acaricides ; pesticides ; toxic unit ; bee viruses ; tau-fluvalinate ; coumaphos ; bees ; population decline ; plant protection ; soil ; risk ; GIS ; spillover ; inter-species transmission ; honey bee diseases ; pathogens ; virus ; bacteria ; Nosema ; wild bees ; arthropods ; Hymenoptera ; nosemosis ; Vairimorpha ceranae ; nisin ; Saccharomyces sp. ; acetic acid ; para-coumaric acid ; gut microbiota ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 24
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This book, a printed edition of the Special Issue Soil Nitrogen Supply: Linking Plant Available N to Ecosystem Functions and Productivity, presents thoughtful research papers that will advance our understanding of this fascinating topic. New knowledge about modeling and the impact of cover crops, crop residues, soil amendment, and other management practices is presented in the context of agricultural and urban ecosystems.
    Keywords: nitrification inhibitors ; soil type ; CO2 and N2O emissions ; soil nitrogen dynamic ; winter malting barley ; malting quality indices ; summer cover crops ; sunn hemp ; crimson clover ; seeding rate ; nitrogen management ; aerobic incubation ; CO2 production ; microbial metabolism ; enzyme activities ; active biomass ; gross mineralization/immobilization ; Bradyrhizobium ; attachment ; root ; biofilm ; lectin ; soybean ; soil ; hydrophobicity ; Brassica napus ; natural variation ; nitrogen nutrition ; root system architecture ; nitrogen ; miscanthus ; willow ; field experiment ; lettuce ; plant-based amendment ; rhizosphere ; rainfall simulator ; nutrient runoff ; ammonium ; nitrate ; nitrogen use efficiency ; biochar ; total nitrogen ; soil organic carbon ; nitrogen mineralization ; nitrification ; turfgrass ; residential landscapes ; landscape patches ; urban soils ; perennial peanut ; urban landscapes ; N mineralization ; C/N ratio ; crop residue ; N availability ; NBPT ; nitrification inhibitor ; half-life ; degradation rate constant ; nitrogen leaching ; autumn tillage ; no-till ; lysimeter ; field experiment network ; soil nitrogen mineralization ; soil properties ; cropping system ; modeling ; STICS model ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology
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  • 25
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: Soil degradation is a complex phenomenon that can result in a diminished capacity of the ecosystem to provide goods and services for its beneficiaries. Degraded soils have a health status such that they do not provide the normal goods and services of the particular soil in its ecosystem. Ecological rehabilitation is required when the soil is degraded to such an extent that the land becomes unproductive. Soil degradation can be caused by various factors, including physical aspects such as soil sealing and crusting, soil erosion, and soil compaction, which may result in severe landscape deterioration. Soil nutrient imbalance or depletion is also a widespread cause of soil degradation due to inappropriate practices in agricultural areas. Acidification, alkalization, and salinization are also serious problems of soil degradation. In addition to physical and chemical soil degradation, the biological health of the soil can be damaged as well. In recent decades, toxic contamination of soil, for instance, heavy metal pollution, organic pollutant contamination, etc., has brought more pressing issues. Therefore, effective and up-to-date technology for soil degradation and soil pollution restoration is urgently needed. The goal of this Special Issue was to establish a platform for researchers to communicate research results or the latest insights in related fields.
    Keywords: coal mining ; soil reclamation ; bacterial community ; bacterial diversity ; high-throughput sequencing ; farmland consolidation ; cultivated land quality ; soil basic physical and chemical properties ; heavy metals ; microorganisms ; karst areas ; soil depth ; land use types ; soil metal elements ; soil enzyme activity ; soil fungal community and diversity ; soil erodibility ; saturated hydraulic conductivity ; soil nutrients ; opencast coalmine ; Loess Plateau ; GLCM ; texture feature ; soda saline–alkali soil ; soil surface crack ; Songnen Plain ; antibiotics in soils ; microbial community ; soil degradation ; soil oxidoreductases ; compost fertility ; industries of concern ; source apportionment ; spatial patterns ; prevention distance ; soil health ; biochar ; manure ; soil structure ; vertisol ; agricultural environment ; soil and water resources ; agricultural engineering ; synergetic development strategy ; soil ; absolute altitude ; Jaworzyna Krynicka ; contamination ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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  • 26
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: Soil degradation is one of the most topical environmental threats. A number of processes causing soil degradation, specifically erosion, compaction, salinization, pollution, and loss of both organic matter and soil biodiversity, are also strictly connected to agricultural activity and its intensification. The development and adoption of sustainable agronomic practices able to preserve and enhance the physical, chemical, and biological properties of soils and improve agroecosystem functions is a challenge for both scientists and farmers. The Special Issue entitled “Sustainable Agriculture and Soil Conservation” collects 12 original contributions addressing the state of the art of sustainable agriculture and soil conservation. The papers cover a wide range of topics, including organic agriculture, soil amendment and soil organic carbon (SOC) management, the impact of SOC on soil water repellency, the effects of soil tillage on the quantity of SOC associated with several fractions of soil particles and depth, and SOC prediction, using visible and near-infrared spectra and multivariate modeling. Moreover, the effects of some soil contaminants (e.g., crude oil, tungsten, copper, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) are discussed or reviewed in light of the recent literature. The collection of the manuscripts presented in this Special Issue provides a relevant knowledge contribution for improving our understanding on sustainable agriculture and soil conservation, thus stimulating new views on this main topic.
    Keywords: Tungsten ; corn uptake ; soil characteristics ; Freundlich model ; Biolog® ; community-level physiological profiling (CLPP) ; functional diversity indices ; metabolic bacterial diversity ; olive ; soil fertility ; soil quality ; maize ; stomata ; soil ; phenanthrene ; remediation ; qualitative multi-attribute model ; total energy output ; agro-ecological service crops ; ex-post sustainability ; organic systems ; amendment ; biochar ; brewers’ spent grain ; hop ; image analysis ; plant growth ; Beerkan method ; infiltration ; forest restoration ; soil water repellency ; tillage ; fertilization ; soil depth ; organic carbon ; clay minerals ; diffuse reflectance ; infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy ; bioremediation ; composting ; PAHs ; organic co-substrates ; mulching ; flattening ; irrigation ; photosynthesis ; transpiration ; water stress integral ; fruit growth ; water use efficiency ; productivity ; soil organic matter ; near-infrared spectroscopy ; spatial heterogeneity ; multivariate adaptive regression splines ; partial least squares regression ; anaerobic digestion residues ; soil amendment ; soil fertilization ; soil organic C ; soil porosity ; soil microbial community ; copper ; rhizosphere ; smart agriculture ; microbes ; vineyard ; organic agriculture ; soil organic carbon ; soil management ; soil contamination ; soil remediation ; sustainable fruit growing ; water conservation practices ; multivariate statistical models for SOC prediction ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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  • 27
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Agricultural productivity should increase to meet the growing food demand. Tillage is defined as the mechanical manipulation of agricultural soil, and it is an extremely vital part of crop production, particularly for seedbed preparation and weed control. Tillage operations are carried out using mechanical force, commonly with a tractor-drawn tool to achieve the cutting, inversion, pulverization, and disturbance of soil. A significant part of the energy (from fossil fuels) used in crop production is expended in tillage. This energy use results in greenhouse gas emissions. It is essential that we reduce energy use (hence, greenhouse gas emissions) to achieve sustainable farming practices and improve crop production and design new tillage tools or optimize the existing tools. Although the design and evaluation of tillage tools are generally carried out using analytical methods and field experiments, with recent technological improvements, computer technology has been used for the design and evaluation of tillage tools. Additionally, sensor technology can improve the efficiency of tillage tools. This Special Issue collated innovative papers that make a significant contribution to the design and application of agricultural equipment in tillage systems. It involved original research and review papers from different research fields, such as agricultural engineering, engineering simulation, and precision agriculture.
    Keywords: deep learning ; machine vision ; weeder ; smart agriculture ; mechanical control ; agricultural ; unmanned ; electrical tractor ; no-tillage ; disc ; spring-tine ; soil ; property ; traffic ; rapeseed transplanting ; hole-forming device ; key components ; experiment ; electric tractor ; motor efficiency ; dual motor coupling drive ; I-SA algorithm ; generalization ability ; parameter identification ; image processing ; two-wheeled robot trailer ; steering control ; strip farming ; no-tillage sowing ; sowing strip cleaning ; spiral discharge straw ; discrete element simulation ; anti-blocking and row-sorting ; compound planter ; ditching ; soil separation spiral ; discrete element method ; parameter optimization ; agricultural machinery ; HMCVT ; correction of characteristics ; I-PSO algorithm ; parameter match ; residual film recovery machine ; DEM ; virtual simulation ; hydro-mechanical continuously variable transmission ; tractor ; optimization design ; simulation experiments ; I-GA ; geometric principle ; plough ; ploughshares ; durability calculation method ; agricultural machine ; wear ; plasma-hardening surface ; simulation ; quality improvement ; improved genetic algorithm ; full-factorial test ; single evaluation index modeling method ; control strategy ; soil cover ; discrete element ; soil-covering thickness ; seed offset ; rice combine harvester ; throwing device ; wind blades ; fluid analysis ; deflector optimization ; throwing width ; cotton recovery device ; EDEM ; parameters optimization ; MBD ; coupled simulation ; seeding ; soybean ; seed–soil ; corn seed ; collision restitution coefficient ; residual film recovery device ; response surface regression model ; seedbed clearing and shaping ; stone removal rate ; seeding furrow ; dry direct-seeded rice ; discrete element modeling ; dual vs. single tyres ; rut depth ; soil bearing capacity ; soil displacement ; tractive efficiency ; tyre size and inflation pressure ; Kmeans ; DBSCAN ; GMM ; tilling depth ; well-cellar cavitating mechanism ; MBD-DEM bidirectional coupling model ; optimal design ; cavitating law ; flat disc ; analytical force prediction model ; discrete element method (DEM) ; soil-tool interaction ; disc seeder ; disc blade ; force prediction ; semi-analytical model ; sandy soil ; stubble management ; no-till sowing ; stalk cutting ; post-harvest ; prototype ; multi-body dynamics (MBD) ; DEM-MBD coupling ; topsoil burial ; tillage ; traction ; compaction ; neural networks ; support vector regression ; fuzzy inference system ; adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system ; calibration ; DEM contact models ; soil dynamics ; soil failure ; soil forces ; cohesive and frictional soils ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 28
    Publication Date: 2023-12-20
    Description: The Special Issue “Technological Eco-Innovations for the Quality Control and the Decontamination of Polluted Waters and Soils” deals with the most recent research activities carried out at lab and field scale on eco-sustainable tools for the remediation of contaminated environmental substrates. It is particularly devoted to highlight the relevance of biological organisms (plants, microbes, algae) to assess the chemical contamination in water and soil and to remediate such matrices from the pollution caused by the human activities. Therefore, bioremediation is a primary focus of most of the articles published within the present Special Issue. Bioremediation is a promising environmentally friendly technology to deal with the chemical pollution in different ecosystem compartments and its integration with the traditional approaches might represent a
    Keywords: GE1-350 ; TD172-193.5 ; Q1-390 ; bioremediation ; natural-based remediation strategies ; plant stress reactions ; heavy metals ; bottom urban sediment ; cesium ions ; antioxidant defence ; pollution ; artificial intelligence ; plant growth promoting bacteria ; ferulic acid ; geostatistical analysis ; photosynthesis ; sulfur ; mining wastes ; phytomanagement ; TNT ; MCPA ; water contamination ; arsenic adsorption ; chlorophyll fluorescence ; water filtration ; salt stress ; industrial crop ; water ; proline ; 2 ; syringic acid ; energy crops ; coal ; kinetics ; Ralstonia sp. ; rhizobacterial inoculants ; bacterial contamination ; urban sediments ; water pollution ; biodegradation ; soil ; phytoremediation ; anti-oxidant enzymes ; ecotoxicity ; microscope ; autochthonous microbial community ; plant physiology ; Tagetes patula ; soil microbial communities ; DDT ; soil pollution ; polyamines ; Festuca arundinacea ; synthetic zeolite ; geological heterogeneity ; biostimulation ; Monviso clone ; acclimation ; iron and manganese minerals ; 4-D ; metal tolerance ; diesel oil ; dielectric permittivity ; plant secondary metabolites ; removal ; indigenous microorganisms ; Brassica napus ; PCDDs/PCDFs ; oxidative stress ; dissolved organic carbon ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KC Economics::KCN Environmental economics
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  • 29
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Agriculture requires technical solutions for increasing production while lessening environmental impact by reducing the application of agro-chemicals and increasing the use of environmentally friendly management practices. A benefit of this is the reduction of production costs. Sensor technologies produce tools to achieve the abovementioned goals. The explosive technological advances and developments in recent years have enormously facilitated the attainment of these objectives, removing many barriers for their implementation, including the reservations expressed by farmers. Precision agriculture and ‘smart farming’ are emerging areas where sensor-based technologies play an important role. Farmers, researchers, and technical manufacturers are joining their efforts to find efficient solutions, improvements in production, and reductions in costs. This book brings together recent research and developments concerning novel sensors and their applications in agriculture. Sensors in agriculture are based on the requirements of farmers, according to the farming operations that need to be addressed.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; optical sensor ; spectral analysis ; response surface sampling ; sensor evaluation ; electromagnetic induction ; multivariate water quality parameters ; mandarin orange ; crop inspection platform ; SPA-MLR ; object tracking ; feature selection ; simultaneous measurement ; diseases ; genetic algorithms ; processing of sensed data ; electrochemical sensors ; thermal image ; ECa-directed soil sampling ; handheld ; recognition patterns ; salt concentration ; clover-grass ; bovine embedded hardware ; weed control ; soil ; field crops ; vineyard ; connected dominating set ; water depth sensors ; SS-OCT ; wheat ; striped stem-borer ; silage ; geostatistics ; detection ; NIR hyperspectral imaging ; electronic nose ; machine learning ; virtual organizations of agents ; packing density ; data validation and calibration ; dataset ; Wi-SUN ; temperature sensors ; geoinformatics ; gas sensor ; X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy ; vegetable oil ; photograph-grid method ; Vitis vinifera ; WSN distribution algorithms ; laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy ; irrigation ; quality assessment ; energy efficiency ; wireless sensor network (WSN) ; geo-information ; Fusarium ; texture features ; weeds ; discrimination ; big data ; soil moisture sensors ; meat spoilage ; land cover ; stereo imaging ; near infrared sensors ; biological sensing ; compound sensor ; pest management ; moisture ; plant localization ; heavy metal contamination ; artificial neural networks ; spectral pre-processing ; moisture content ; apparent soil electrical conductivity ; data fusion ; semi-arid regions ; smart irrigation ; back propagation model ; wireless sensor network ; energy balance ; light-beam ; fluorescent measurement ; agriculture ; precision agriculture ; deep learning ; spectroscopy ; hulled barely ; dielectric probe ; RPAS ; water supply network ; rice leaves ; mobile app ; gradient boosted machines ; hyperspectral camera ; one-class ; nitrogen ; LiDAR ; total carbon ; chemometrics analysis ; rice ; agricultural land ; on-line vis-NIR measurement ; CARS ; obstacle detection ; stratification ; neural networks ; regression estimator ; Kinect ; proximity sensing ; distributed systems ; pest ; noninvasive detection ; texture feature ; soil mapping ; classification ; soil salinity ; visible and near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy ; germination ; computer vision ; hyperspectral imaging ; diffusion ; dielectric dispersion ; UAS ; random forests ; case studies ; total nitrogen ; thermal imaging ; cameras ; dry matter composition ; near-infrared ; salt tolerance ; deep convolutional neural networks ; soil type classification ; water management ; preprocessing methods ; wireless sensor networks (WSN) ; remote sensing image classification ; precision plant protection ; radar ; spatial variability ; GF-1 satellite ; plant disease ; naked barley ; leaf area index ; CIE-Lab ; change of support ; radiative transfer model ; 3D reconstruction ; plant phenotyping ; vine ; near infrared ; vegetation indices ; remote sensing ; greenhouse ; time-series data ; scattering ; sensor ; crop area ; speckle ; spatial data ; grapevine breeding ; wide field view ; partial least squares-discriminant analysis ; spiking ; area frame sampling ; chromium content ; machine-learning ; RGB-D sensor ; pest scouting ; PLS ; Capsicum annuum ; spatial-temporal model ; drying temperature ; boron tolerance ; ambient intelligence ; laser wavelength ; fuzzy logic ; dynamic weight ; landslide ; management zones ; real-time processing ; event detection ; crop monitoring ; apple shelf-life ; rice field monitoring ; wireless sensor ; birth sensor ; proximal sensor ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-03-07
    Description: The Special Issue “Radioactive Pollution and Biological Effects of Radioactivity“of the Journal Life involved the participation of academic scientists, researchers, and scholars from all over the World that contributed with articles, reviews, and case reports, based on high-quality research works.The common topic of the published works concerns the radioactive pollution, which occurs when radioactive elements enter the atmosphere and reach the Earth’s surface, within solids, liquids, or gases, including the human body. This happens after natural and/or man-made activities, such as nuclear tests, industrial waste (e.g., radiodiagnostics), and excesses of naturally occurring radioactive sources. This kind of pollution entails risks of radiological contamination of the environment, with harmful effects on human health caused by the ionizing radiation. This theme has become even more current due to the increasing use of ionizing radiation for domestic, industrial, and medical purposes during the last century. Radiological monitoring is a primary objective of radiation protection in order to estimate and understand the impact of radionuclides on the environment and to assess the health risk for the population.The aim of the Special Issue has been to provide an interdisciplinary platform for researchers to exchange and share their experiences and latest achievements on all aspects of radioactive pollution. Survey data analysis, original and unpublished results of conceptual, constructive, empirical, experimental, and theoretical work were welcome, as well as other concepts related to the radiation field.
    Keywords: radon ; effective dose ; workplaces ; soil ; tea leaves ; HPGe γ-ray spectrometry ; terrestrial and anthropogenic radionuclides ; threshold consumption rate ; committed effective dose ; genomics ; transcriptomics ; proteomics ; lipidomics ; radiation ; cetaceans ; CR-39 detector ; Euratom 59/2013 ; Italian radiation protection legislation ; radon indoor ; radon survey ; radioactivity ; gamma spectrometry ; absorbed dose rates ; radiation risk ; aquatic environment ; non-human biota ; graphene oxide/chitosan sponge ; adsorbent ; adsorption isotherm ; iodine-131 ; radioactive waste management ; metabolome ; GC-MS ; LC-MS ; Fukushima nuclear accident ; low-dose radiation exposure ; plant physiology ; Oxalis corniculata ; radioactive pollution ; field effect ; alfuzosin ; serum biomarker ; lung cancer ; CEA ; Cyfra21-1 ; radiocaesium ; mushrooms ; Chernobyl accident ; LC–MS ; creeping wood sorrel ; endophytic microbe ; stress response ; lauric acid ; ikarugamycin ; plant secondary metabolite ; artificial diet ; Zizeeria maha ; low-dose exposure ; natural environmental radiation ; indoor radon ; external dose ; burning season ; imaging tests ; radiation exposure ; recommendations ; gender ; socioeconomical status ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MJ Clinical & internal medicine::MJN Neurology & clinical neurophysiology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-12-20
    Description: This book on the sustainable use of soils and water addressed a variety of issues related to the utopian desire for environmental sustainability and the deviations from this scene observed in the real world. Competing interests for land are frequently a factor in land degradation, especially where the adopted land uses do not conform with the land capability (the natural use of soil). The concerns of researchers about these matters are presented in the articles comprising this Special Issue book. Various approaches were used to assess the (im)balance between economic profit and environmental conservation in various regions, in addition to potential routes to bring landscapes back to a sustainable status being disclosed.
    Keywords: GE1-350 ; Q1-390 ; environmental and economic changes ; overexploitation ; stream flow downscaling ; Recharge ; Institutions ; evaluation ; geo hazards ; marginal land resources ; water resources ; contributions ; land use change ; comprehensive land carrying capacity ; land eco-security ; scale effects ; river basin ; Ghana ; urbanization ; groundwater recharge ; MicroLEIS DSS ; multiple stresses ; forest ; land use conflicts ; soil ; analytic hierarchy process ; heavy metal pollution assessment ; recharge ; environmental degradation ; spatial variation ; debris flow waste-shoal land ; Lankao county ; encounters of interests ; territorial development ; driving forces analysis ; land use policy ; climate conditions ; time series analysis ; arable soil ; urban area ; multi-criterion comprehensive evaluation ; Land Use ; agricultural and livestock products ; evapotranspiration ; hydrological processes ; Trnava district ; macromodel DNS/SWAT ; central Asia ; CA-Markov ; integrative landscape management ; Land use change ; land use and transformation ; weight ; Contemporary Yellow River Delta ; conjunctive water resources management ; set pair theory ; sustainability ; karst aquifer ; withdrawal of agricultural land ; sustainable development ; SWAT ; water resource management ; water footprint ; land-use planning ; Ecosystem service value ; Penman–Monteith equation ; cloud model ; groundwater flow field ; standard deviation ; temporal stability ; landscape as geosystem ; Gross Domestic Product ; geology ; territorial factors ; agriculture ; multi-dimension ; Groundwater ; conflicts ; Green GDP ; temporal-spatial variations ; relief ; recharge zones ; groundwater depth ; Nitrate Vulnerable Zones ; hydrologic modeling ; Managed Aquifer ; soil reclamation ; nitrogen ; discrete wavelet transform ; legislative factors ; developmental factors ; ungauged catchment ; rural households’ behaviors ; arid region ; land use/cover change ; spatialization ; sustainable agriculture ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KC Economics::KCN Environmental economics
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-05-06
    Description: Agricultural diversification can occur in many forms (e.g., genetic variety, species, structural) and can be created temporally and over different spatially scales (e.g., within crop, within field, and landscape level). Crop diversification is the practice of growing more than one crop species within a farming area in the form of rotations (two or more crops on the same field in different years), multiple crops (more than one crop in the same season on the same field) or intercropping (at least two crops simultaneously on the same field).Various cropping strategies and management practices, such as diversification of cropping systems by crop rotation, conservation tillage, and the use of cover crops, have been promoted to enhance crop productivity and ecosystem services. However, the opportunities and means differ among regions and the actual effects of diversification on cropping system sustainability still need more investigation.This Special Issue covers the state-of-the-art and recent progress in different aspects related to agricultural diversification to increase the sustainability and resilience of a wide range of cropping systems (grassland, horticultural crops, fruit trees) and in a scenario of environmental challenges due to climate change: Crop production and quality; Impact of crop diversification on soil quality and biodiversity; Environmental impact and delivery of ecosystem services by crop diversification.
    Keywords: blue prawn ; black tiger shrimp ; economic efficiency ; farming systems ; salinity intrusion ; soil salinity ; white-legged shrimp ; big blue stem ; Cave in rock ; claypan ; forbs ; legumes ; intercropping ; cropping systems ; Sub-Saharan Africa ; millet and sorghum ; diversification ; monocultivar ; mixed-species plantation ; biodiversity ; arthropod ; soil ; on-farm biodiversity indicators ; lupin ; triticale ; weeds ; nitrogen ; convolutional neural network ; light competition ; transfer learning ; growth stages ; mixed cropping ; accumulate growing degree days ; phyllochron ; grass regrowth ; leaf sheaths ; blades ; agricultural sustainability ; crop rotation ; rice ; eco-economic benefit ; externality ; perennial cropping systems ; grape production ; medicinal and aromatic plants ; grapevine yield ; must quality ; experimental design ; aboveground mass ; black medick ; Egyptian clover ; grain yield ; nutrients ; white clover ; foodshed ; archipelago ; city region ; food modelling ; food self-sufficiency ; self-reliance ; food security ; agricultural diversification ; food planning ; regional food system ; crop diversification ; small farms ; HHI-Index ; Poland ; biochar ; sunflower husk ; soil respiration ; soybean ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KC Economics::KCN Environmental economics
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Human needs like food and clean water are directly related to good maintenance of healthy and productive soils. A good understanding of human impact on the natural environment is therefore necessary to preserve and manage soil and water resources. This knowledge is particularly important in semi-arid and arid regions, where the increasing demands on limited water supplies require urgent efforts to improve water quality and water use efficiency. It is important to keep in mind that both soil and water are limited resources. Thus, wise use of these natural resources is a fundamental prerequisite for the sustainability of human societies. This book collects 15 original scientific contributions addressing the state of the art of soil and water conservation research. Contributions cover a wide range of topics, including (1) recovery of soil hydraulic properties; (2) erosion risk; (3) novel modeling, monitoring and experimental approaches for soil hydraulic characterization; (4) improvement of crop yields; (5) water availability; and (6) soil salinity. This collection provides more insights into conservation strategies for effective and sustainable soil and water management.
    Keywords: TD1-1066 ; T1-995 ; single-ring infiltrometer ; water and soil conservation ; van Genuchten model ; vegetable production ; tillage erosion ; water infiltration ; saturated soil hydraulic conductivity ; sustainable land management ; subsurface flow ; delta plain ; tied ridges ; adaptation ; spatial scale ; vineyards ; Richards equation ; Follow-the-Innovation ; hillslope ; crop yields ; transdisciplinary research ; the meshless method ; TOPMODEL ; upgrading strategies ; bimsoils ; fraction transpiration soil water ; saturated hydraulic conductivity ; soil infiltration ; cereals ; FDR sensor ; EM38 ; relative transpiration ; infiltration ; laboratory experiment ; the Trefftz method ; conservation agriculture ; soil moisture storage ; age of planting ; DSSAT ; Xin’anjiang model ; local perception ; numerical model ; transient ; soil tillage ; field-saturated soil hydraulic conductivity ; soil properties ; soil erosion ; polyurethane foam ; multi-parameter evaluation ; post-fire soil hydraulic characterization ; shallow groundwater ; distributed model ; Beerkan method ; environmental change ; response surface methodology ; soil ; The Agricultural Production Systems sIMulator (APSIM) software ; three-dimensional model ; decision tree modeling ; water availability ; bottomless bucket method ; field observation ; Malawi ; specific leaf water content ; yield ; unsaturated soil ; critical hydraulic gradient (CHG) ; sap flow ; olive grove ; infiltration rate ; nitrogen use efficiency ; field scattering ; AquaCrop ; microdose fertilization ; data analysis procedures ; macropore network ; rainfall variability ; soil block ; innovation development ; seedbed preparation ; food security ; peer effects ; soil water content ; electromagnetic induction meter (EM) ; soil water storage ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: The 22 papers that make up this Special Issue deal with pathogen and pest impact on forest health, from the diagnosis to the surveillance of causative agents, from the study of parasites’ biological, epidemiological, and ecological traits to their correct taxonomy and classification, and from disease and pest monitoring to sustainable control strategies.
    Keywords: plant destroyers ; disease diagnosis ; RxLR-dEER ; soil-borne pathogen ; exclusivity ; inclusivity ; Phlebiopsis gigantea ; EF1α ; introns ; exons ; phylogenesis ; non-host attack ; post-epidemic ; facilitation ; endemic population strategies ; leaf baiting ; rDNA ITS regions ; soil ; water ; ITS clades ; Mediterranean vegetation ; ecology ; soil inhabitants ; aquatic species ; biodiversity ; bark beetles ; symbionts ; species assemblage ; beta diversity ; forest ecosystems ; Thaumetopoea pityocampa ; seasonal flight activity ; sexual pheromone traps ; Pinus sylvestris ; forest insect pest ; population suppression ; leaf litter ; forest management ; arthropods ; Norway spruce ; Heterobasidion root rot ; primary infection ; secondary infection ; first rotation forest ; afforestation ; Asian gypsy moth ; Lymantria dispar ; invasive species ; forest pests ; natural enemies ; aggregation pheromones ; pest management ; Mediterranean pine forests ; Emerald ash borer ; Agrilus planipennis ; post-invasion conditions ; insect traps ; prism trap ; Fraxinus americana ; DNA-based diagnostics ; LAMP ; Dothistroma needle blight ; ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma’ species ; 16Sr group/subgroups ; PCR ; yellows diseases ; witches’ broom ; phloem discoloration ; die-back ; phytoplasma strains ; etiology ; eucalyptus little-leaf ; disease incidence ; Anoplophora chinensis ; temperature ; survival ; reproduction ; fecundity ; biocontrol ; bioinsecticide ; entomopathogen ; microbial ; ecosystem ; basidiospores ; conidia ; Heterobasidion spp. ; spore dispersal ; susceptibility ; wood discs ; Dothistroma septosporum ; Mycosphaerella pini ; loop-mediated isothermal amplification ; molecular diagnostics ; field-portable diagnostics ; Pinus nigra subsp. laricio ; forest health protection ; forest conservation ; Biscogniauxia mediterranea ; oak decline ; dieback ; Site of Community Importance (S.I.C.) ; tree competition ; warming conditions ; Diplodia tip blight ; Pinus densiflora ; plant diversity ; Sphaeropsis sapinea ; stand type ; vertical structure layer ; Heterobasidion ; carpophores ; fauna ; Tullgren funnels ; forest insects ; forest diseases ; diagnostics ; mitigation options ; citizen science ; fungi ; insects ; diagnosis ; surveillance ; disease and pest management ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KN Industry and industrial studies::KNA Agribusiness and primary industries::KNAL Forestry industry
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: This reprint, titled "Sustainable Crop Plants Protection: Implications for Pest and Disease Control", has become of scientific interest again for a reason: to continue its mission of advancing the science and practice of sustainable agriculture. This Special Issue delves into the multifaceted world of crop protection, exploring innovative approaches, technologies, and solutions that are pivotal for the future of agriculture. Our objectives remain as relevant today as they were when the first call went out for the Special Issue of sustainability, to shed light on sustainable pest and disease control strategies, foster scientific collaboration, and provide a platform for sharing knowledge that can transform agriculture for the better.
    Keywords: antioxidant enzymes ; extracellular enzymes ; pathogen ; reactive oxygen species ; systemic acquired resistance ; soil microbes ; microbial respiration ; organic carbon ; Phytonematodes ; soil ; machine learning ; Black Sigatoka ; Musa ; production ; banana disease ; random forest ; plant health system ; stakeholder analysis ; plant health problems ; rootstock ; grapevines ; Colomerus vitis ; oxidase ; resveratrol ; mite ; Oecophylla genus ; population abundance ; territorial foragers ; quarantine defoliators ; IPM ; biological control ; beneficial microorganisms ; microbial metabolite ; Fragaria annanasa ; time series ; data augmentation ; deep learning ; pest forecasting ; generative adversarial network (GAN) ; cypress oil ; nanoemulsion ; terpenes ; Sitophilus oryzae ; bioactivity ; biosafety ; diagnostic ; disease ; pepper ; ribonucleic acid ; survey ; viruses ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: Plant Adaptation to Global Climate Change discusses the issues of the impact of climate change factors (abiotic and biotic) on vegetation. This book also deals with simulation modeling approaches to understanding the long-term effects of different environmental factors on vegetation. This book is a valuable resource for the environmental science research community, including those interested in assessing climate change impacts on vegetation and researchers working on simulation modeling.
    Keywords: climate change impacts ; sugarcane ; yield ; harvested area ; production ; Thai agriculture ; rice ; heat stress ; whole genome DNA microarray ; yield loss ; MapMan analysis ; HRDE ; anthesis and maturity date ; crop yield ; SimCLIM ; DSSAT model ; planting date ; basal area increment ; air temperature ; precipitation ; Taylor’s power law ; tree ring analysis ; climate change ; farm work ; WBGT ; mitigation ; East Africa ; leaf temperature ; infrared thermography ; thermal imagery ; tropical rain forest ; isoprenoid exchanges ; ground ; litter emissions ; soil ; Pinus pinea ; distance gradient ; Mediterranean turf ; agro-ecosystems ; biodiversity ; weed communities ; Ethiopia highlands ; seasonal climate ; crop impacts ; bananas ; Black Sigatoka Leaf Disease ; climate ; global spread &amp ; impact ; habitat suitability ; species distribution ; conservation ; P. africana ; actual evapotranspiration ; modified Penman–Monteith ; sap flow ; scaling methods ; allometric correlations ; sapwood depth ; sapwood area ; leaf area index ; species distribution model ; scenarios ; GIS ; ecological niche ; grapevine ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: This Special Issue includes manuscripts about soil erosion and degradation processes and the accelerated rates due to hydrological processes and climate change. The new research included in this issue focuses on measurements, modeling, and experiments in field or laboratory conditions developed at different scales (pedon, hillslope, and catchment). This Special Issue received investigations from different parts of the world such as Ethiopia, Morocco, China, Iran, Italy, Portugal, Greece, and Spain, among others. We are happy to see that all papers presented findings characterized as unconventional, provocative, innovative, and methodologically new. We hope that the readers of the journal Water can enjoy and learn about hydrology and soil erosion using the published material, and share the results with the scientific community, policymakers, and stakeholders to continue this amazing adventure, facing plenty of issues and challenges.
    Keywords: soil ; natural resources ; modeling ; hybrid model ; Bastam watershed ; splash erosion ; environmental assessment ; soil erosion ; rainfall simulation ; loess landslide ; agricultural irrigation ; field investigation ; static liquefaction ; RUSLE ; soil erodibility ; gravel content ; Chaohu Lake Basin ; vineyards ; soil management ; tractor traffic ; hydrological properties ; erosion ; runoff ; hydraulic conductivity ; soil water conservation ; argan ; South Morocco ; soil degradation ; tree ; intertree ; Ethiopian highlands ; eucalyptus ; gully ; soil loss ; soil and water conservation practices ; gully erosion susceptibility ; GIS ; robustness ; MARS algorithm ; rainfall-runoff processes ; hillslope morphology ; surface flow ; roughness ; land degradation ; soil conservation ; remote sensing ; urbanization ; land-use ; suspended sediment concentration ; spatiotemporal variation ; hydrological processes ; different scales ; models ; experiments ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-02-02
    Description: The importance of studying pollution via potentially toxic elements (PTEs) is becoming a key challenge considering the increasing concern about the presence of PTEs in the environment and their potential impacts on ecosystem functioning and public health due to their persistence and biotoxicity. Regional geochemical research, together with geostatistical computations which are used to identify source patterns of different pollutants related to the underlying geological features and/or anthropogenic activities, is the best approach for characterizing this pollution issue. The collection of research in this Special Issue, “Potentially Toxic Element Pollution in Urban and Suburban Environments”, represents the need of the scientific community to characterize the behavior, transport, fate, and ecotoxicological state of PTEs in environmental matrices in both urban and suburban settings. All the case studies collected are of relevant significance due to their quality, both in the methodologies and the achieved results, and interest to different environmental studies, from China to South Africa to Europe. My role as Guest Editor of this Special Issue was exciting and stimulating. I would like to express my appreciation to all the authors for submitting their original contributions and to the reviewers for their essential role in the process. I would like to thank the editors of Toxics and, in particular, Selena Li for her precious and tireless support.
    Keywords: potentially harmful elements (PHEs) ; railway area ; transport pollutions ; spring waters ; hydrogeochemical characterization ; statistical analysis ; correlation ; nitrate vulnerability ; soil contamination ; heavy metals ; sequential extraction ; health risk assessment ; accumulation ; atmospheric deposition ; emission ; ecological risk ; spatial heterogeneity ; informal settlement ; trace elements ; road dust ; health implications ; carcinogenic ; non-carcinogenic ; potentially toxic elements ; aquifer ; volcanic tuff ; Fe oxyhydroxides ; sorption ; soil ; potentially harmful elements ; contamination ; multidimensional spatial analysis ; Calabria ; flat membrane ; N,N′-di(1-methyl-pentyl)acetamide ; molybdenum ; membrane chemical reactor ; renewal solution ; atmosphere ; PMF ; indoor dust ; pollution ; exposure ; risk assessment ; urban ; Cairo ; Jiayuguan ; pollution characteristics ; source apportionment ; source identification ; Samoa ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MM Other branches of medicine::MMG Pharmacology::MMGT Medical toxicology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-11-17
    Description: Enzymes, also known as biocatalysts, are proteins produced by living cells and found in a wide range of species, including animals, plants, and microorganisms. Due to their specificity, enzymes are often widely used to catalyze various chemical reactions as proficient biocatalysts in many applications. Since enzymes are proteins, they are easily denatured and lose their activity under unfavorable conditions of the surrounding environment. Therefore, in order to prolong the activity of and increase the stability of enzymes, immobilization technology is commonly used for improving the overall efficiency of enzyme catalysis. Recent developments in the discovery of stable enzymes have expanded their uses to encompass organic synthesis and the production of specialized chemicals, pharmaceutical intermediates, and agrochemicals. In order to improve enzyme performance, microbial screening or gene cloning is generally used. It is also common for enzyme studies to use a particular medium for microbiological fermentation in order to produce enzymes. This Special Issue shows that enzymes and biocatalysis have found numerous applications in various fields. These applications include the production of APIs, wastewater treatment, transformation of health ingredients, laundry detergent, fortification of feed, and biocementation. Moreover, there are also studies focusing on the immobilization and production procedures of enzymes. Finally, an extensive review of metagenomics studies related to water and soil has also been included.
    Keywords: enzyme identification ; flavin-dependent halogenases ; bromination ; metagenome screening ; bacterial consortia of Botryococcus braunii ; bioinformatics ; animal nutrition ; enzyme ; animal feed ; zootechnical additive ; digestibility ; antinutritional factors ; Aspergillus ; protease ; sequential fermentation ; kinetics ; thermodynamics ; lipase ; immobilization ; Aspergillus japonicus ; montmorillonite KSF ; Bambusa oldhamii ; phenylalanine ammonia-lyase ; phenylalanine/tyrosine ammonia-lyase ; substrate specificity ; plant secondary metabolism ; phenylpropanoid ; small molecule ; dynamic kinetic resolution ; levetiracetam ; nitrile hydratase ; amino amide ; amino nitrile ; HCV ; NS3 ; protein expression ; diagnosis ; helicase ; biocatalyst ; cyanide hydratase ; nitrilase ; Exidia glandulosa ; industrial effluent ; cokemaking ; electroplating ; wastewater treatment ; free cyanide ; formamide ; α-amylase ; pullulanase ; Clavispora lusitaniae ; purification ; enzyme characterization ; adsorption of protein mixtures ; BEICP ; EICP ; MICP ; hydrophobic soils ; Sporosarcina pasteurii ; soil ; water ; metagenomics ; enzymes ; biodiversity ; docosahexaenoic acid ethyl ester ; eicosapentaenoic acid ethyl ester ; packed-bed reactor ; ultrasonication ; mass transfer ; solvent-free ; ethyl acetate ; trypsin ; calcium-binding ; enzyme engineering ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The aim of this reprint was to report recent innovative studies based on the use of secondary raw materials for applications in civil and environmental engineering. To this purpose, papers were related to the preparation of innovative construction materials and to the treatment of wastes for environmental applications. The investigations were characterized by a common purpose, i.e., to find a way to reduce the amount of waste generated, thus reducing the need for landfilling and optimizing the values of these novel materials, which are an abundant resource that can be easily reused for different applications.
    Keywords: cement conglomerates ; end-of-life tire rubber ; perlite ; thermal insulation ; mechanical strength ; vegetable fiber ; fiber-reinforced mortar ; cement and cement-lime mortars ; sustainability ; render ; recycled aggregate concrete ; silica fume ; mixing process ; compressive strength ; water treatment ; nanomaterials ; adsorbents ; clay-polymers nanocomposites ; waste paper fiber ; fiber-cement plaster mortar ; physical and mechanical performance ; limestone ; granulated blast furnace slag ; adhesive strength ; industrial waste ; renewable resource ; reuse ; civil engineering material ; regulatory promotion ; composite materials ; carbon fiber-reinforced composites ; recycling techniques ; chemical recycling ; subcritical fluids ; supercritical fluids ; supercritical alcohols ; biochar ; modification ; sodium ; sorbent ; saline water ; soil ; bolt connectors ; fibre-reinforced concrete ; steel-concrete-steel sandwich ; shear behaviour ; ultimate load ; recycled materials ; environmental engineering ; water reuse ; oil removal ; cement mortar ; wheat straw ; acoustic absorption ; secondary raw materials ; phosphorescent composites ; thermal ; mechanical ; rheology ; sorption ; kinetics ; peat ; cenosphere ; oil sorption ; Weber–Morris ; diffusion model ; granules ; biocomposite ; scrap tire recycled steel fiber ; soil–cement blocks ; hydrochar ; digestate ; endocrine disruptor ; estrogen ; biosorbent ; adsorption ; water decontamination ; soil remediation ; recycled brick aggregate ; pervious concrete ; image processing ; pore feature ; recycled concrete aggregate ; green concrete ; machine learning ; decision tree ; gradient boosting ; bagging regressor ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-11-17
    Description: Water deficit affects various regions of the world. Effective approach can be based on ecohydrological solutions and the design of blue–green infrastructure. In our scientific book, we focused on papers that consider water management and adaptation of urban and rural development areas to the progressive climate change. The Special Issue includes a drought-prone place (valleys in Mexico City), reflections on the state and water resources in Lithuania, and engineering and technical articles from China and Poland. In addition, one chapter is dedicated to grassland protection in mountainous areas.
    Keywords: sediment ; nutrient element ; risk ; land cover ; Warta River ; runoff variation ; vegetation change ; attribution analysis ; source region of the Yangtze River ; soil moisture ; physiographic parameters of basins ; artificial neural network (ANN) ; redundancy analysis (RDA) ; soil ; saturated hydraulic conductivity ; pedotransfer function ; Rosetta program ; irrigation ; climate change ; drained peat soils ; ditch subsidence ; empirical equations of peat subsidence ; drainage ditches ; pollution ; ecological status indicators ; water quality ; hydromorphological diversity ; highland watercourse ; human activity ; catchment management ; weather extremes ; grazing management ; biodiversity ; high-nature-value farming ; old field grassland ; vegetation variation ; Budyko hypothesis ; Mexico City ; historical political ecology ; urban ecology ; water spatial policy ; environmental change ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KC Economics::KCN Environmental economics
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-03-07
    Description: This reprint focuses on artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM) all over the world, as well as its impact on the economy, environment, and health, providing sustainable solutions to severe ASGM problems. This book presents a total of 20 published articles of regions including Southeast Asia, South America, and South Africa, as well as a general overview of ASGM issues. Studies included in this book posit that (1) ASGM activity is still widely practiced as an alternative livelihood in rural areas in many countries around the world, using toxic elements such as Hg and cyanide due to a lack of legal enforcement on the ASGM sector; (2) ASGM has a negative impact on environmental ecosystems, causes occupational health problems for miners, and causes chronic health disorders in both ASGM communities and those living far from ASGM areas. However, some studies propose that specific potential bioindicators could be used to monitor the environment and health of those living in ASGM communities, providing sustainable solutions to severe ASGM problems.
    Keywords: artisanal and small gold mining ; contaminant movement ; Ecuador ; environmental risks ; extractive industries ; illegal mining ; elevated blood levels ; artisanal and small-scale gold mining ; para-occupational ; environmental health ; gold price ; Indonesia ; influxes of miners ; landcover change ; mining camp ; remote sensing ; environmental governance ; nighttime light ; online health assessment ; Myanmar ; coronavirus disease ; mining community ; mercury ; methylmercury ; artisanal small-scale gold mining ; Amazon ; human health ; economic valuation ; copper ; geomedical science ; Gorontalo ; atmospheric ; ASGM ; amalgamation ; accumulation ; tree bark ; best-worst scaling ; job opportunities ; preferences ; Pteris vittata ; absorption ; arsenic ; lead ; Bone River ; Gorontalo Province ; work ; health ; disease ; intoxication ; heavy metal ; neuro-psychological disorders ; Indonesian gold mining ; environmental and health impact ; TDCoPs ; transdisciplinary ; Southeast Asia ; active mining ; alluvial mining ; SAR ; surface water occurrence ; heavy metal contamination ; river sediments ; geo-accumulation index ; synthetic aperture radar ; Hg ; air ; water ; soil ; plant ; fish ; human hair ; health risk ; mining ; artisanal mining ; small-scale mining ; environment ; bibliometric analysis ; working memory ; executive functions ; indigenous population ; environmental exposure ; Matsigenka ; Manu National Park ; Amazon Basin ; cocoa ; contaminant mobility ; contamination ; toxic metals ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MJ Clinical & internal medicine::MJC Diseases & disorders::MJCL Oncology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: “Smart Sensing Technologies for Agriculture” is a Special Issue of Sensors that includes 14 research papers on diverse topics about the measurement of physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of soil, plants, and animals related to modern farming practices.
    Keywords: moisture measurement ; Kalman filter ; model predictive control ; germination paper ; convolutional neural networks ; livestock ; lying posture ; standing posture ; Three-dimensional mapping ; quasi-3D inversion algorithm ; cation exchange capacity ; clay content ; sandy infertile soil ; optical micro-sensors ; crop protection ; precision agriculture ; infrared spectroscopy ; principal component analysis (PCA) ; partial least squares (PLS) ; droplet characterization ; apparent electrical conductivity (ECa) ; pH ; UAV ; boundary-line ; quantile regression ; law of minimum ; on-site detection ; ion-selective electrode (ISE) ; soil nitrate nitrogen (NO3−-N) ; soil moisture ; sensor fusion ; transfer learning ; deep learning ; body dimensions ; point cloud ; Kd-network ; feature recognition ; FFPH ; non-contact measurement ; X-ray fluorescence ; spectroscopy ; soil nutrients ; proximal soil sensing ; soil testing ; laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy ; LIBS ; elemental composition ; broiler surface temperature extraction ; thermal image processing ; head region locating ; adaptive K-means ; ellipse fitting ; harvesting robot ; gripper ; segmentation ; cutting point detection ; soil ; soil electrical resistivity ; autonomous robot ; real-time measurement ; precision farming ; mapping ; precision weeding ; multispectral imaging ; kinetic stereo imaging ; plant detection ; yield estimation ; machine vision ; willow tree ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: The contaminants in food (e.g., heavy metals, foodborne pathogenic microorganisms, pesticides, veterinary drugs/antibiotics, toxins, prohibited additives, and allergens) can seriously threaten the ’health of human beings. In recent years, research on the source, detection, toxicity, and removal of food contaminant components has undergone rapid development and achieved tremendous progress through the painstaking efforts of researchers. Therefore, the aim of this Special Issue is to provide a broader perspective of the latest advances in the source, detection, toxicity, and removal of food contaminant components. In this Special Issue, we aim to address: 1) Where do these contaminant components come from? How can we detect these contaminant components? How toxic are these contaminant components? How can we remove these contaminant components? Methodological advances in all areas of food contaminant components, from fundamental research to applied research, can be covered. We welcomed both original research and review articles on topics including, but not limited to: food contaminants; sources; metabolism; biotransformation; toxicity; elimination; excretion; detection
    Keywords: heavy metal ions ; aptamer ; electrochemical biosensor ; nanomaterials ; Morindae Officinalis Radix ; Alpiniae Oxyphyllae Fructus ; DNA metabarcoding ; fungal microbiome ; toxigenic fungi ; neo-formed contaminant ; steam release ; ammonium bicarbonate replacement ; QuEChERS ; acrylamide Toolbox ; honey ; pesticide residues ; QuEchERS ; fungicide ; insecticide ; veterinary drugs ; eggs ; Salmonella spp. ; radiant catalytic ionization ; ozonation ; disinfection ; persistent organic pollutant ; PCDD/Fs ; DL-PCBs ; high-resolution gas chromatography and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRGC/HRMS) ; Eriocheir sinensis ; bioaccumulation ; two-dimensional liquid chromatography ; koumine ; humantenmine ; Gelsemium ; toxicity ; pesticide residue ; leafy vegetable ; ssamchoo ; boiling ; detergent ; herbal tea ; pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) ; margin of exposure (MOE) ; risk assessment ; relative potency (REP) ; pyrene ; benzo [a]pyrene ; monoclonal antibody ; enzyme-linked immunoassay ; aquatic product ; mycotoxins ; mitigation treatments ; decontamination rates ; single treatments ; combined treatments ; desoxymequindox ; ELISA ; residue analysis ; livestock and poultry meat ; cooking methods ; amphenicols ; metabolites ; residues ; surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy ; organophosphates pesticide ; thiram ; malathion ; phoxim ; Ag nanoparticles ; rapid detection ; dimethomorph ; Jurkat T cells ; immunotoxicity ; transcriptomics ; RNA sequencing ; orange ; household food processing ; processing factor ; enrofloxacin ; dual isotope surrogates ; enrofloxacin-d3 ; contaminant detection ; accurate quantification ; aquatic animals ; nonylphenols ; endocrine disrupting chemical ; gas chromatography-mass spectrometry ; food ; pollution ; soil ; forage ; milk ; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon ; potentially toxic element ; fluopyram ; bioconcentration factor ; scallion ; rotational crop ; uptake ; promethazine ; promethazine sulfoxide ; monodesmethyl-promethazine ; swine edible tissues ; high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSB Biochemistry
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-02-01
    Description: Medical mineralogy and geochemistry constitute an important field, yet little attention has been paid to it by scientists, administrators, or the public. The aims of this book are: (a) to focus on a selection of current challenges and research opportunities and (b) to encourage knowledge transfer between geochemists and mineralogists whose work concerns medical problems and medical scientists who study problems surrounding biominerals and geomaterials. This book covers a variety of novel approaches, tools and techniques, and scenarios of contamination in water and wastewater, and is a key resource for policymakers and environmental scientists working hard to address environmental pollutants. The key features are: state-of-the-art techniques for the assessment and remediation of heavy metals, presenting the interdisciplinary impacts of heavy metals, including those on human health, ecosystems and water quality, and including various contamination indices, such as contamination factor, geoaccumulation index, enrichment factor, pollution index and ecological risk index.
    Keywords: phosphorus ; adsorption ; steel slag ; fly ash ; activated clay ; reactor ; Ramganga River ; turbidity ; Landsat 8 SR ; water quality ; Ganges River ; fluoride ; groundwater ; Sustainable Development Goal 6 ; rural community water supply ; weathered basement aquifer ; hydrogeology ; policy change ; risk ; heavy metal ; human health ; pollution indices ; soil ; plant diseases ; nanoparticles ; diseases ; biotic stress ; management ; silver nanoparticles ; zinc nanoparticles ; calcium carbonate nanoparticles ; calcium oxide nanoparticles ; incense sticks ash ; sludge ; eggshell ; terrestrial environment ; radiocesium ; cesium-137 ; radioactive contamination ; cancer risk ; radionuclide ; nuclear accident ; nominal risk ; decision making ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PN Chemistry
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: The phenomenon of soil–structure interactions in marine environments has attracted great attention from coastal geotechnical engineers in recent years. One of the reasons for the growing interest is the rapid development of marine resources (such as in the oil and gas industry, marine renewable energy, and fish farming industry) as well as the damage to marine infrastructure that has occurred in the last two decades. To assist practical engineers in the design and planning of coastal geotechnical projects, a better understanding of the mechanisms of soil–structure interactions in marine environments is desired. This Special Issue reports the recent advances in the problems of structure–seabed interactions in marine environment and provides practical engineers and researchers with information on recent developments in this field.
    Keywords: wave-seabed-structure interactions ; mesh-free model ; local radial basis function collocation method ; oscillatory liquefaction ; irregular wave ; sand ; void ratio ; disturbed state concept ; disturbance function ; constitutive model ; seepage failure ; critical hydraulic gradient ; excess pore pressure ; fluidization degree ; resuspension ; soil ; liquefaction ; fractional order ; cyclic mobility ; spudcan ; stiffness ; reduction ; finite element analysis ; dual-stage Eulerian–Lagrangian technique ; slope stability ; immersed tunnel ; solitary wave ; foundation trench ; numerical modeling ; scour ; marine structures ; numerical modelling ; sediment transport ; Biot’s equations ; multiphase theory ; RANS equations ; seabed ; in situ test ; liquefied submarine sediments ; rheological characteristics ; pile jacking ; consolidation effect ; saturated fine-grained soil ; excess pore water pressure ; pile set-up ; side shear resistance ; hybrid Lagrangian–ALE method ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
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  • 47
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-04-05
    Description: This reprint focuses on artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM) all over the world, as well as its impact on the economy, environment, and health, providing sustainable solutions to severe ASGM problems. This book presents a total of 20 published articles of regions including Southeast Asia, South America, and South Africa, as well as a general overview of ASGM issues. Studies included in this book posit that (1) ASGM activity is still widely practiced as an alternative livelihood in rural areas in many countries around the world, using toxic elements such as Hg and cyanide due to a lack of legal enforcement on the ASGM sector; (2) ASGM has a negative impact on environmental ecosystems, causes occupational health problems for miners, and causes chronic health disorders in both ASGM communities and those living far from ASGM areas. However, some studies propose that specific potential bioindicators could be used to monitor the environment and health of those living in ASGM communities, providing sustainable solutions to severe ASGM problems.
    Keywords: artisanal and small gold mining ; contaminant movement ; Ecuador ; environmental risks ; extractive industries ; illegal mining ; elevated blood levels ; artisanal and small-scale gold mining ; para-occupational ; environmental health ; gold price ; Indonesia ; influxes of miners ; landcover change ; mining camp ; remote sensing ; environmental governance ; nighttime light ; online health assessment ; Myanmar ; coronavirus disease ; mining community ; mercury ; methylmercury ; artisanal small-scale gold mining ; Amazon ; human health ; economic valuation ; copper ; geomedical science ; Gorontalo ; atmospheric ; ASGM ; amalgamation ; accumulation ; tree bark ; best-worst scaling ; job opportunities ; preferences ; Pteris vittata ; absorption ; arsenic ; lead ; Bone River ; Gorontalo Province ; work ; health ; disease ; intoxication ; heavy metal ; neuro-psychological disorders ; Indonesian gold mining ; environmental and health impact ; TDCoPs ; transdisciplinary ; Southeast Asia ; active mining ; alluvial mining ; SAR ; surface water occurrence ; heavy metal contamination ; river sediments ; geo-accumulation index ; synthetic aperture radar ; Hg ; air ; water ; soil ; plant ; fish ; human hair ; health risk ; mining ; artisanal mining ; small-scale mining ; environment ; bibliometric analysis ; working memory ; executive functions ; indigenous population ; environmental exposure ; Matsigenka ; Manu National Park ; Amazon Basin ; cocoa ; contaminant mobility ; contamination ; toxic metals ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KC Economics::KCN Environmental economics
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-02-02
    Description: The objective of this collection is to illustrate the most recent research on the development of novel and/or rapid methods for mycotoxin determination, and to propose new strategies for monitoring and/or reducing mycotoxin contamination. Innovative sample preparation techniques or protocols and the possibility of multiclass mycotoxin detection will be very positively considered for possible inclusion in this Special Issue. Both methods based on (bio)sensors and chromatography with various detectors (including mass spectrometry) are welcome. Applications of already published methods on new matrices without any modification will not be accepted. However, extensive studies and monitoring on the spread of contamination through the food production chain could be of interest for this collection.
    Keywords: bioaccessibility ; aflatoxin B1 ; ochratoxin A ; bread ; pumpkin ; whey ; lactic acid bacteria ; mycotoxins ; antibodies ; aptamers ; short peptides ; molecularly imprinted polymers ; rapid tests ; lateral flow assay ; microplate assay ; biosensor ; multiplexing ; Fusarium ; soil ; deoxynivalenol ; nivalenol ; environment ; monitoring strategies ; validated method ; maize field ; tea ; ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry ; simultaneous determination ; purification ; patulin ; Alternaria toxin ; trichothecenes ; adsorption ; degradation ; mycotoxin ; swine matrices ; chicken matrices ; liquid chromatography ; tandem mass spectrometry ; method validation ; dietary exposure ; risk assessment ; atomic absorption spectroscopy ; automated pretreatment system ; quantum dots ; magnetic-based immunosensor ; aflatoxigenic ; in vitro seed colonisation ; non-aflatoxigenic ; host plant resistance and susceptible ; cell wall ; peptidoglycan ; S-layer ; zearalenone ; elimination ; esterase ; medicinal plants ; Ultra High Pressure Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry ; contamination ; street vendors ; muthi shops ; fungi ; plant trade ; wheat flours ; contamination characteristics ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MM Other branches of medicine::MMG Pharmacology::MMGT Medical toxicology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-11-30
    Description: Modernization in the agriculture sector is important to ensure food security and poverty alleviation, which are the primary themes of UN-SDGs. There are many challenges in developing advanced agricultural techniques, tools, and systems, by which sustainable agriculture and food security can be satisfied. Worldwide, agricultural mechanization and modernization can be attained with advancements in agricultural engineering technologies and their associated applications. The concept is directly linked to the technological advancements in agricultural automation and robotics; precision agriculture; high-efficiency irrigation systems; farm energy systems; handling, storage, and processing of agricultural products; livestock and poultry sheds; farm water/wastewater management; biomass, biogas, and biochar; remote sensing and geographical studies; societal aspects in agriculture; and the associated bioenvironment. Such advances in agricultural engineering technologies and applications are the need of the 21st century, particularly from the viewpoint of the agricultural water–energy–food security nexus. Therefore, this Special Issue comprises original research and review studies in the abovementioned research areas.
    Keywords: wet rice ; adhesion ; hot airflow ; dispersion characteristic ; minimum suspension speed ; surface water content ; pipe diameter ; operation frequency ; genetic algorithm ; rotation irrigation sectoring ; irrigation cost ; energy cost ; network cost ; pick-up device ; stretchable style ; kinematical analysis ; seedling picking test ; cropping pattern ; water stress ; LCC area ; surface water availability ; CROPWAT ; Ananas comosus ; somatic embryogenesis ; micropropagation ; organogenesis ; SSR markers ; ISSR markers ; pineapple ; cantaloupe bowl seedlings transplanting ; mechanical equipment ; institutional design ; field test ; data analysis and discussion ; up-cut rotary blade ; edge curve ; Cyperus esculentus plant ; flexible model ; arch shed ; automatic cuttage ; force feedback ; simulation design ; trajectory planning ; Chrysanthemum indicum L. ; maximum shear force ; finite element ; calibration ; single-bud ; billet planter ; planting uniformity ; numerical simulation ; seed-filling ; single-bud billet ; seed-metering ; EDEM ; wheel-track high clearance chassis ; walking performance ; climbing angle ; simulation ; rape windrower ; longitudinal axial flow ; flexible ; millet threshing device ; staggered threshing element ; micro rotary tubular concave screen ; machine learning ; deep learning ; plant leaf diseases ; photovoltaic module ; LED lighting system ; power grid ; step-up converter ; efficient power take-off ; monitoring system ; Codonopsis planting ; ditching device ; working parameters ; EDEM simulation ; orthogonal test ; air-blast sprayer ; precision spraying ; spray control parameter ; three-factor regression analysis ; highly efficient soil return ; liquid fertilizer deep application technique ; DEM ; soil bin test ; combine harvester ; differential inverse gearbox ; order analysis ; fault diagnosis method ; fatigue test ; tractor ; diesel engine ; emission ; artificial neural network ; improved particle swarm algorithm ; computational fluid dynamics (CFD) ; eave height ; natural ventilation ; venlo greenhouse ; fertilization uniformity ; closed-loop control ; single-chip microcomputer ; fuzzy PID ; solid-fertilizer-dissolving device ; precision fertilizer application ; BP neural network ; PSO optimization algorithm ; PID control ; watermelon ; sonication ; microwave ; synergistic effects ; quality characteristics ; electro-hydraulic hitch system ; tillage depth adjustment ; tillage depth control algorithm ; key components ; maize ; soil ; cavity planter ; interaction mechanism ; verification ; ultrasonic sensor ; canopy leaf area density ; ultrasonic echo signal ; verification experiment ; potato planter ; soil cultivation ; mechanization ; seed metering device ; intelligent seeding ; broiler house ; building energy simulation ; forecasting system ; heat stress index ; temperature humidity index (THI) ; smart agriculture ; greenhouse technologies ; artificial intelligence ; agricultural waste ; nano-activated carbon ; adsorption ; wastewater treatment ; modification ; agricultural engineering ; irrigation and drainage system ; pumping station ; sump ; hydraulic characteristics ; entropy production ; onion ; transplanting ; air-feeding seed discharge system ; seed tube ; gas-solid two-phase flow ; computer simulation ; discrete element method ; cotton stalk particles ; contact parameters ; response surface methodology ; image classification ; lightweight neural networks ; zea mays ; ECA attention ; CycleGAN ; tangential threshing ; vibration analysis ; FFT demodulation ; random vibration analysis ; bearing fault ; machine condition ; sustainable development goals ; agri-food security ; equality ; information and communication technologies ; technology 4.0 ; uplift resistance ; continuous pipe foundation ; single-span plastic greenhouse ; pipe connector ; vegetable greenhouses ; multi-arch greenhouses ; arch cross type ; resistance to the typhoon ; online non-destructive detection ; structure of plant stems ; ultrasonic feature ; feature extraction ; feature contribution ; backyard farming ; self-assembly ; vertical expansion ; factory in a box ; automated farming ; vertical farming ; sustainable farm ; aerogels ; porous materials ; agricultural activated carbon ; fine-grained ; attention mechanism ; maturity classification ; open-world ; solar air heater (SAH) ; computational fluid dynamics ; performance optimization ; milk powder ; agricultural drying ; post-harvest losses ; spices ; paneer ; storage ; proximate ; composition ; sensory evaluation ; antioxidant potential ; environmental monitoring ; imputation ; pig house ; recurrent neural network ; agriculture advancement ; large scale solar ; natural cooling ; agrivoltaic ; sustainability ; tractor-trailer ; trajectory tracking ; prescribed performance ; model predictive control ; robust sliding mode control ; stubble-crushing ; plain straight blade ; DEM-CFD ; dynamic motion ; seedbed preparation ; strip tillage ; energy saving ; F-ASHP model ; nursery pig ; storage pen ; Simulink ; industrial hemp ; bionic blade ; cutting energy consumption ; parameter optimization ; conservation tillage technology ; adoption of time persistence ; nonparametric K-M survival analysis method ; discrete duration model ; cavitation ; pretreatment ; jet-driven Helmholtz oscillator ; anaerobic digestion ; tea bud detection ; YOLOv5 ; depth camera ; pose estimation ; CAM ; OPVSM ; prediction models ; hyperspectral image ; PLSR model ; AdaBoost ; XGBoost ; LightGBM ; agricultural sensor network ; EMP-ZBR ; network topology ; routing transmission algorithm ; UV-A LED ; laser fly control ; light trap ; fungus gnats ; mushroom pests ; corn seeds ; collision recovery coefficient ; static friction coefficient ; multi-point collision ; sound waveform ; characteristic dimensions ; bulb tubular pump ; bulb form ; optimization design ; hydraulic performance ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: Next year (2018), we will be celebrating the 15th anniversary of the International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health—IJERPH (ISSN 1660-4601). Hence, we are currently organizing a Special Issue to commemorate this important milestone. Founded in 2004, IJERPH has experienced a tremendous growth in terms of the number and quality of scientific publications. With a 2016 impact factor of 2.101, IJERPH now ranks among the top international journals in the emerging field of environmental research and public health. As described on our website (https://www.mdpi.com/journal/ijerph), IJERPH is a peer-reviewed journal that focuses on the publication of scientific and technical information on the impacts of natural phenomena and anthropogenic factors on the quality of our environment, the interrelationships between environmental health and the quality of life, as well as the socio-cultural, political, economic, and legal considerations related to environmental stewardship and public health. Its primary areas of research interests include: Gene-environment interactions Environmental genomics and proteomics Environmental toxicology, mutagenesis and carcinogenesis Environmental epidemiology and disease control Health risk assessment and management Ecotoxicology, and ecological risk assessment and management Natural resources damage assessment Environmental chemistry and computational modeling Environmental policy and management Environmental engineering and biotechnology Emerging issues in environmental health and diseases Environmental education and public health To help celebrate the 15th anniversary, you are kindly invited to submit original articles, critical reviews, research notes, and short communications on any of the above-listed topics. Please also encourage any of our colleagues who may be interested to submit manuscripts. We expect that this issue will attract considerable attention, as we prepare to celebrate the excellent scientific contributions and socio-economic impacts of IJERPH over the past 15 years.
    Keywords: transportation noise ; MTNR1B gene ; rs10830963 ; diabetes ; glycosylated hemoglobin ; circadian sleep-wake cycle ; gene-environment interactions ; adults ; cohort study ; metal mobility ; soil flushing ; soil reclamation ; agricultural soil ; EDDS deficiency ; child sexual abuse ; adolescents ; girls ; boys ; gender differences ; legal proceedings ; child-friendly justice ; prevention ; cervical Arabin pessary ; cerclage ; second trimester of pregnancy ; sepiolite ; adsorption ; potentially toxic elements ; modification ; regeneration ; Xiangjiang River ; air pollution ; neighborhood deprivation index ; preterm birth ; spatial approach ; participatory research ; second hand smoking ; communication media ; vulnerable populations ; migrants ; health care research ; quality assurance ; hospital management ; health inequities ; environmental vulnerability ; multi-criteria spatial analysis ; risk management tool ; hazardous substance ; road accidents ; online hate ; hate speech ; bystander ; perpetrator ; online disinhibition ; online discrimination ; cyber aggression ; Bothrops lanceolatus ; envenomation ; snakebite ; bacteria ; infection ; antibiotic susceptibility ; ADL ; disability ; health ; home ; usability ; parenting desire ; lesbian ; gay ; minority stress ; mediation ; demographic factor ; EQ-5D ; health-related quality of life ; depression ; family planning ; Bayesian ; spatial ; RDHS ; Rwanda ; suicide ; premature mortality ; young men ; Greenland ; Denmark ; head injury ; incidence ; national health insurance ; population-based study ; mortality ; traumatic brain injury ; polycystic ovary syndrome ; self-efficacy ; optimism ; acceptance of illness ; September 11 terrorist attacks ; pilot aircraft-assisted suicide ; copycat effect ; obesity ; endoscopy ; Helicobacter pylori ; BMI ; Saudi patients ; urban lake ; comprehensive nutrition status Index ; heavy metals ; health risk ; fuzzy comprehensive method ; physical fitness ; Mediterranean diet ; body composition ; dementia ; health services ; resource utilization ; dementia care ; informal care ; formal care ; cognitive disorder ; physical activity in pregnancy ; PPAQ ; quality of life ; WHOQoL-Bref ; pregnant women ; food availability ; eating away from home ; household food spending ; trace elements ; concentration ; microwave digester ; Wuhan ; soil contamination ; ecological risk ; tuberculosis ; screening for tuberculosis ; public health ; immigrants ; health impact assessments ; premature death ; equity impact ; health impact ; reduction of air pollution ; environmental inequalities ; spatial analysis ; small area ; AirQ ; traffic congestion ; activity-travel patterns ; real-time traffic data ; the uncertain geographic context problem (UGCoP) ; the neighborhood effect averaging problem (NEAP) ; evaluation ; method ; policy ; strategy ; social ; trend ; winter tourism ; climate change ; snow abundance index ; meteorological suitability index ; copula function ; spatial suitability assessment ; oral surgery ; oral medicine ; leucoplakia ; hyperkeratosis ; laser ; electronic waste ; informal recycling ; PBDEs ; soil ; dust ; Nigeria ; aerobic capacity ; attrition ; change-of-direction speed ; deputy sheriff ; graduation ; high-intensity running ; police ; strength endurance ; tactical ; roadside exposure ; inflammation biomarker ; Nepal ; PM2.5 ; oily sludge ; incineration ; kinetic ; modeling ; differential/integral method ; engineering ; curriculum proposals ; arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi ; global change ; grassland ecosystem ; stoichiometry ; phosphorus limitation ; unsafe behavior ; targeted intervention ; coal miners ; safety management ; bioaerosols ; influenza virus ; ferret animal model ; aerosol chamber ; dengue fever ; Aedes albopictus ; living environment ; logistic regression analysis ; China ; human capital ; multilevel linear regression ; self-rated mental health ; social capital ; groundwater ; iron and manganese removal ; biofilter ; food contamination ; gastrointestinal diseases ; morbidity ; deep neural networks ; evolutionary learning ; health literacy ; adolescent health ; Mexico ; health disparities ; motivation ; videogaming ; psychopathology ; adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) ; Hungarian representative adult sample ; opinion poll ; ACE Score Calculator ; influenza vaccination ; pneumonia ; population-based case-control study ; adolescent ; risk factors ; psychosocial ; socio-environmental ; behavior ; United States ; Latinos ; physical education ; social and emotional learning ; sport education model ; subjective well-being ; trait emotional intelligence ; social anxiety ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Pesticides persist as a prevailing tool in global agriculture for the management of pest populations and to increase crop yields. Their extensive application may lead to the dispersion of pesticide compounds into the environment, subsequently resulting in their persistence as residues within food products. Consequently, there exists the potential for adverse consequences for non-target organisms and human well-being.In response to this concern, diverse legal frameworks and surveillance programs have been instituted on an international scale, with the overarching objective of regulating pesticide usage by setting forth maximum admissible levels for pesticide residues. Consequently, there arises a pressing need to develop highly selective and sensitive multi-residue analytical methodologies, tailored to the quantification of these residues within complex matrices.This Special Issue is devoted to the analysis of pesticide residues within both environmental and food matrices via chromatographic techniques, including the development and validation of analytical methods, along with the completion of comprehensive monitoring studies.
    Keywords: green extraction techniques ; sample preparation ; clean-up ; multiresidue analysis ; environmentally friendly methods ; flupyradifurone ; ginseng ; analytical method ; mass spectrometry ; pesticide residue analysis ; in situ coacervative extraction ; double-solvent supramolecular system ; triazole fungicides ; extraction ; HPLC ; cyclaniliprole ; diamide insecticide ; residue analysis ; DPX ; UHPLC-MS/MS ; pesticide residues ; vegetables ; fruits ; dietary risk exposure ; compound-specific isotope analysis ; pollutant ; agricultural application ; soil ; SPE extraction ; analytical method validation ; chromatography ; food safety ; polar pesticides ; risk assessment ; quality control procedures ; sources of errors of residue analyses ; reproducibility of results ; antifouling biocides ; high-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS) ; ionic liquid-dispersive liquid–liquid micro-extraction (IL-DLLME) ; QuEChERS ; EDIs ; ADI ; HRI ; GC–MS/MS ; LC-MSMS ; pesticides ; toxins ; cereals ; LC-MS/MS ; screening ; validation ; herbal decoction ; traditional Korean medicine ; QuPPe ; proso millet ; determination ; LC–MS/MS ; phase-transfer purification ; carrageenan ; carbamate pesticides ; isoxaflutole ; atrazine ; terminal residues ; dietary risk assessment ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry::PNF Analytical chemistry
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Requests for regional soil moisture observations are increasing to parameterize complex hydrological models, to assess the impact of land-use changes, and to develop climate adaption strategies in the agricultural sector. Spatial land-use patterns have an impact on the soil water balance and groundwater recharge. Soil moisture is therefore a key parameter for the long-term monitoring and development of sustainable land-management and landscape design strategies that mitigate regional water scarcity and droughts. For example, the spatial organization of hedges or tree rows related to open land and wind direction avoids soil erosion, limits local evaporation, and increases local soil water storage. Since the early 1980s, satellite missions have been designed to monitor proxies for soil moisture, mainly at the national and global scale, with a relatively coarse pixel resolution and low accuracy. The local effects of weather and climate are very dynamic in space and time. Thus, a strong need exists for more accurate, regional-scale remote sensing products for soil moisture. The transfer of existing, proof-of-concept algorithms to region-specific monitoring frameworks is urgent. This Special Issue provides an overview of current developments on remote sensing-based soil moisture observations that are applicable at a regional scale. The compendium of research papers demonstrates the benefits of concurrently utilizing multi-source remote sensing data and in situ measurements through: - Using additional data and site-specific knowledge; - Combining empirical and physical approaches; - Developing concepts to deal with mixed pixels.
    Keywords: instrument development ; hyperspectral ; spectroradiometry ; LiDAR ; soil ; regional soil moisture ; in situ network ; AMSR2 ; FY3B ; evaluation ; EVI ; SST ; disaggregation ; soil moisture ; DISPATCH ; Intermediate spatial resolution ; SMAP ; geostationary ; validation ; SEVIRI ; thermal infrared ; land surface temperature ; downscaling ; advanced scatterometer (ASCAT) ; soil moisture active passive (SMAP) ; random forest ; low-cost sensor ; AMSR-E ; the microwave polarization difference index ; surface soil moisture ; regional scale ; vegetation traits ; multi-sensor approach ; wetland ; environmental monitoring ; remote sensing ; geostatistics ; gap-filling ; mesonet ; ESA CCI SM ; ASTER imagery ; soil moisture content ; thermal inertia model ; serial dual-source model ; surface component temperature ; shadow impact ; multi-model coupling ; optimal solution method ; ESA CCI ; residual soil moisture ; evapotranspiration ; trend ; rainfall variability ; CHIRPS ; theta probe ; Sentinel-1A ; NDVI ; modified Dubois model ; Sentinel-1/2 ; Landsat-8 ; GF-1 ; vegetation water content ; Oh ; Dubois ; IEM ; WCM ; SSRT ; SAR ; LAI ; wheat ; Sentinel-1 ; support vector machine ; ordinary least square regression ; time series ; Mongolia ; MODIS ; relative soil moisture ; Chinese Loess Plateau ; ATI ; TVDI ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Forest ecosystems are often disturbed by agents such as harvesting, fire, wind, insects and diseases, and acid deposition, with differing intensities and frequencies. Such disturbances can markedly affect the amount, form, and stability of soil organic carbon in, and the emission of greenhouse gases, including CO2, CH4, and N2O from, forest ecosystems. It is vitally important that we improve our understanding of the impact of different disturbance regimes on forest soil carbon dynamics and greenhouse gas emissions to guide our future research, forest management practices, and policy development. This Special Issue provides an important update on the disturbance effects on soil carbon and greenhouse gas emissions in forest ecosystems in different climate regions.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; Q1-390 ; SD1-669.5 ; greenhouse gas emission ; heterotrophic respiration ; Camellia oleifera ; Larix principis-rupprechtii Mayr ; soil microbial residue ; assisted natural regeneration ; soil organic carbon ; soil carbon sequestration ; soil CO2 ; surface soil layer ; landform ; anthropogenic effect ; South Korea ; CO2 effluxes ; storm damage ; microbial properties ; calcareous soil ; land use pattern ; soil total nitrogen ; generation ; tree mortality ; land use types ; forest conversion ; DCD ; carbon source–sink ; stoichiometric ratios ; autotrophic respiration ; N2O ; CO2 emission ; organic carbon mineralization ; CH4 emissions ; clear-cutting ; CO2 production and diffusion ; soil quality ; nitrification inhibitor ; organic carbon accumulation ; climate change mitigation ; global change ; greenhouse gas inventory ; warming ; soil properties ; bacterial community ; sensitivity ; soil characteristics ; forest ; insect outbreak ; biochar ; nitrous oxide ; CO2 ; soil respiration ; land-use change ; decomposition ; soil ; natural forest ; calcareous soils ; greenhouse gas ; forest soils ; karst graben basin ; plantation ; rocky desertification ; fitting parameters ; temperature ; forest disturbance ; microbe ; subtropical forest ; N addition ; carbon stock changes ; IPCC ; next-generation sequencing ; nitrogen ; N2O emissions ; red soils ; CH4 ; coastal wetlands ; CO2 emissions ; stand age ; successive planting ; plum plantation ages ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: This book emphasizes that soil productivity is considered an important factor for the success of agricultural production. The microbial community’s composition and the diversity of agricultural soils primarily depend on management practices. Exogenous nutritional inputs are inevitable processes in crop production, which can change the structure of soil bacterial communities. The combined application of compost and inorganic fertilizers might be a good way to keep up with agricultural productivity while maintaining the environmental balance. Bacterial communities are also known to differ according to the plant genotypes and hosts. Plant genotypic differences do not always lead to significant differences in microbiomes in the rhizosphere. It was concluded that imaginative research should address the simulation of the soil microenvironment, so as to understand the factors that regulate microbial activities in micro-niches.
    Keywords: halophyte ; arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi ; plant growth promoting rhizobacteria ; morphological characteristics ; photosynthesis ; soil enzymes ; microbial interactions ; rhizosphere ; DNA ; proteins ; microbial diversity ; microbial activity ; acidic soil improvement ; liming ; microbial community ; plant residue incorporation ; soil enzyme activity ; subtropical orchard soil ; phosphorus-enriched rhizosphere soils ; phosphate ; phytoremediation ; bacterial communities ; high-throughput sequencing ; Orchidaceae ; soil ; bacteria ; fungi ; microbiome ; heavy metal ; NGS ; azo dye ; textile ; wastewater ; diversity ; xenobiotics ; pollutant ; Nitrogen deposition ; soil biodiversity ; urban ; 16S rRNA ; wild-simulated ginseng ; Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer ; soil bacterial community ; soil property ; correlation analysis ; agricultural practices ; cultivar ; grafting ; interaction rootstock scion ; plant performance ; rhizosphere bacteria ; taxonomic indicators ; viticulture ; long-term fertilization ; next-generation sequencing ; bacterial diversity ; plant growth ; soil microbial community ; environmental factors ; soil contamination ; culture-independent analysis ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: During the third decade of the 21st century, human societies across the world are facing significant water-related problems, such as ecosystem degradation, groundwater depletion, natural and anthropogenic droughts and floods, water-borne health issues, and deforestation. These problems are exacerbated by climate change, a phenomenon that has been accelerated due to human intervention in natural systems since the industrial revolution. There is an urgent need to better understand the interaction of hydrological systems in terms of climate variability and the anthropogenic factors that contribute to the dynamics and resilience of coupled human–water systems and effective risk management in the area of water resource management. Socio-hydrology is an interdisciplinary field that integrates natural and social sciences and aims to study the long-term dynamics of bidirectional feedback in coupled human–water systems. This book on socio-hydrology aims to compile cross-disciplinary scientific endeavors and innovations in research on the development, education, and application of coupled human–water systems. The articles published in this book represent diverse and broad aspects of water management in the context of socio-hydrology systems around the globe. The articles and ideas presented in this book represent a significant source of references for interdisciplinary water science programs and provide an excellent guide for experts involved in the future planning and management of water resources. This book is dedicated to friends of the Green Water-Infrastructure Academy and those who pursue cross-disciplinary water research, education, and management.
    Keywords: digital elevation model ; maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) classification ; runoff quality ; social, economic and environmental (SEE) factor ; Triangulated Irregular Network (TIN) ; urbanization ; vegetation density ; stormwater management ; social factors ; green stormwater infrastructure ; society ; risk analysis ; water-related crises ; resilience ; security ; floods ; drinking water ; crisis planning ; landslides ; logistic regression ; slope gradient ; land use ; soil ; Coonoor ; behavior ; trust ; risk ; tap water ; salience ; common pool resources ; integrated water management ; water governance ; water resilience ; socio-hydrology ; irrigation efficiency ; surface water-groundwater interactions ; sustainability ; knowledge coproduction ; integrated local environmental knowledge ; education and training ; community-based water development ; Black Sea ; coastal tourism ; regional climate change ; warming ; wind ; waves ; sea level rise ; upwelling ; heavy rain ; river plume ; algal bloom ; introduced species ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-12-20
    Description: The book presents research papers addressing a wide range of environmental topics: water and wastewater treatment and management, soil degradation and conservation, sediment pollution control, environmental impacts of technologies, life cycle analysis (LCA), air quality and indoor environment, and advanced environmental materials. The contributions provide novel and significant scientific results and advanced applications in the field of environmental engineering and provide an integrated view of the trends in solving the problems associated with the achievement of sustainability.
    Keywords: GE1-350 ; TA170-171 ; environmental assessment ; water and wastewater management ; environmental materials ; soil ; LCA ; sediment pollution ; air quality ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KC Economics::KCN Environmental economics
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Modernization in the agriculture sector is important to ensure food security and poverty alleviation, which are the primary themes of UN-SDGs. There are many challenges in developing advanced agricultural techniques, tools, and systems, by which sustainable agriculture and food security can be satisfied. Worldwide, agricultural mechanization and modernization can be attained with advancements in agricultural engineering technologies and their associated applications. The concept is directly linked to the technological advancements in agricultural automation and robotics; precision agriculture; high-efficiency irrigation systems; farm energy systems; handling, storage, and processing of agricultural products; livestock and poultry sheds; farm water/wastewater management; biomass, biogas, and biochar; remote sensing and geographical studies; societal aspects in agriculture; and the associated bioenvironment. Such advances in agricultural engineering technologies and applications are the need of the 21st century, particularly from the viewpoint of the agricultural water–energy–food security nexus. Therefore, this Special Issue comprises original research and review studies in the abovementioned research areas.
    Keywords: wet rice ; adhesion ; hot airflow ; dispersion characteristic ; minimum suspension speed ; surface water content ; pipe diameter ; operation frequency ; genetic algorithm ; rotation irrigation sectoring ; irrigation cost ; energy cost ; network cost ; pick-up device ; stretchable style ; kinematical analysis ; seedling picking test ; cropping pattern ; water stress ; LCC area ; surface water availability ; CROPWAT ; Ananas comosus ; somatic embryogenesis ; micropropagation ; organogenesis ; SSR markers ; ISSR markers ; pineapple ; cantaloupe bowl seedlings transplanting ; mechanical equipment ; institutional design ; field test ; data analysis and discussion ; up-cut rotary blade ; edge curve ; Cyperus esculentus plant ; flexible model ; arch shed ; automatic cuttage ; force feedback ; simulation design ; trajectory planning ; Chrysanthemum indicum L. ; maximum shear force ; finite element ; calibration ; single-bud ; billet planter ; planting uniformity ; numerical simulation ; seed-filling ; single-bud billet ; seed-metering ; EDEM ; wheel-track high clearance chassis ; walking performance ; climbing angle ; simulation ; rape windrower ; longitudinal axial flow ; flexible ; millet threshing device ; staggered threshing element ; micro rotary tubular concave screen ; machine learning ; deep learning ; plant leaf diseases ; photovoltaic module ; LED lighting system ; power grid ; step-up converter ; efficient power take-off ; monitoring system ; Codonopsis planting ; ditching device ; working parameters ; EDEM simulation ; orthogonal test ; air-blast sprayer ; precision spraying ; spray control parameter ; three-factor regression analysis ; highly efficient soil return ; liquid fertilizer deep application technique ; DEM ; soil bin test ; combine harvester ; differential inverse gearbox ; order analysis ; fault diagnosis method ; fatigue test ; tractor ; diesel engine ; emission ; artificial neural network ; improved particle swarm algorithm ; computational fluid dynamics (CFD) ; eave height ; natural ventilation ; venlo greenhouse ; fertilization uniformity ; closed-loop control ; single-chip microcomputer ; fuzzy PID ; solid-fertilizer-dissolving device ; precision fertilizer application ; BP neural network ; PSO optimization algorithm ; PID control ; watermelon ; sonication ; microwave ; synergistic effects ; quality characteristics ; electro-hydraulic hitch system ; tillage depth adjustment ; tillage depth control algorithm ; key components ; maize ; soil ; cavity planter ; interaction mechanism ; verification ; ultrasonic sensor ; canopy leaf area density ; ultrasonic echo signal ; verification experiment ; potato planter ; soil cultivation ; mechanization ; seed metering device ; intelligent seeding ; broiler house ; building energy simulation ; forecasting system ; heat stress index ; temperature humidity index (THI) ; smart agriculture ; greenhouse technologies ; artificial intelligence ; agricultural waste ; nano-activated carbon ; adsorption ; wastewater treatment ; modification ; agricultural engineering ; irrigation and drainage system ; pumping station ; sump ; hydraulic characteristics ; entropy production ; onion ; transplanting ; air-feeding seed discharge system ; seed tube ; gas-solid two-phase flow ; computer simulation ; discrete element method ; cotton stalk particles ; contact parameters ; response surface methodology ; image classification ; lightweight neural networks ; zea mays ; ECA attention ; CycleGAN ; tangential threshing ; vibration analysis ; FFT demodulation ; random vibration analysis ; bearing fault ; machine condition ; sustainable development goals ; agri-food security ; equality ; information and communication technologies ; technology 4.0 ; uplift resistance ; continuous pipe foundation ; single-span plastic greenhouse ; pipe connector ; vegetable greenhouses ; multi-arch greenhouses ; arch cross type ; resistance to the typhoon ; online non-destructive detection ; structure of plant stems ; ultrasonic feature ; feature extraction ; feature contribution ; backyard farming ; self-assembly ; vertical expansion ; factory in a box ; automated farming ; vertical farming ; sustainable farm ; aerogels ; porous materials ; agricultural activated carbon ; fine-grained ; attention mechanism ; maturity classification ; open-world ; solar air heater (SAH) ; computational fluid dynamics ; performance optimization ; milk powder ; agricultural drying ; post-harvest losses ; spices ; paneer ; storage ; proximate ; composition ; sensory evaluation ; antioxidant potential ; environmental monitoring ; imputation ; pig house ; recurrent neural network ; agriculture advancement ; large scale solar ; natural cooling ; agrivoltaic ; sustainability ; tractor-trailer ; trajectory tracking ; prescribed performance ; model predictive control ; robust sliding mode control ; stubble-crushing ; plain straight blade ; DEM-CFD ; dynamic motion ; seedbed preparation ; strip tillage ; energy saving ; F-ASHP model ; nursery pig ; storage pen ; Simulink ; industrial hemp ; bionic blade ; cutting energy consumption ; parameter optimization ; conservation tillage technology ; adoption of time persistence ; nonparametric K-M survival analysis method ; discrete duration model ; cavitation ; pretreatment ; jet-driven Helmholtz oscillator ; anaerobic digestion ; tea bud detection ; YOLOv5 ; depth camera ; pose estimation ; CAM ; OPVSM ; prediction models ; hyperspectral image ; PLSR model ; AdaBoost ; XGBoost ; LightGBM ; agricultural sensor network ; EMP-ZBR ; network topology ; routing transmission algorithm ; UV-A LED ; laser fly control ; light trap ; fungus gnats ; mushroom pests ; corn seeds ; collision recovery coefficient ; static friction coefficient ; multi-point collision ; sound waveform ; characteristic dimensions ; bulb tubular pump ; bulb form ; optimization design ; hydraulic performance ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This reprint is of interest regarding contaminated sites remediation, which integrates the research results within 20 publications covering contaminated sites remediation's full life cycle. They include pollution investigation, environmental fate, pollution control, and review. In addition, the reprint addresses all aspects of contaminated site remediation, including heavy metal pollution, organic pollution, and combined pollution. These results can help to understand the remediation of the contaminated sites in depth throughout the life cycle and help break through the bottleneck of contaminated sites remediation and provide new ideas and methods for the development of contaminated sites remediation.
    Keywords: magnetic composites ; tetracycline ; adsorption ; advanced oxidation processes ; solid waste ; soil contamination ; biochar ; Brassica campestris L. ; Cd ; Pb ; hexavalent chromium ; chrome plating site ; pollution distribution ; leachability ; speciation ; site investigation ; in situ pXRF ; multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS) ; heavy metals ; rapid field screening ; bone char ; hydrogen peroxide treatment ; cadmium ; adsorption mechanism ; ion interchange ; BDE-209 ; soil suspension ; photodegradation ; products ; mechanism ; surface sediment ; ecological risk assessment ; Pearl Bay ; heavy metal ; sediment ; ecological risk ; Shantou Bay ; copper ; water spinach ; antioxidant enzymes ; microbial community ; tailings pond ; form ; rhizosphere ; miscanthus floridulus ; electroplating factory ; groundwater ; soil ; multivariable analysis ; environmental evaluation ; penetration curve ; petroleum pollution ; PHE ; soil column ; typical oilfields ; vertical migration ; soil remediation ; cadmium contamination ; recent advances ; challenges and prospects ; winter jujube ; Yellow River Delta ; granular-activated carbon ; polybrominated diphenyl ethers ; Triton X-100 ; soil-washing effluent ; density functional theory calculation ; human-health risk ; numerical simulation ; polyethylene ; phenanthrene ; soil properties ; soil enzyme ; pyrite ; AMD ; surface passivation ; band bending ; lead ; ecotype ; accumulation and translocation ; Cr(VI) ; migration ; model ; slag ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-02-01
    Description: The aim of the Special Issue “Hyperspectral Imaging for Fine to Medium Scale Applications in Environmental Sciences” was to present a selection of innovative studies using hyperspectral imaging (HSI) in different thematic fields. This intention reflects the technical developments in the last three decades, which have brought the capacity of HSI to provide spectrally, spatially and temporally detailed data, favoured by e.g., hyperspectral snapshot technologies, miniaturized hyperspectral sensors and hyperspectral microscopy imaging. The present book comprises a suite of papers in various fields of environmental sciences—geology/mineral exploration, digital soil mapping, mapping and characterization of vegetation, and sensing of water bodies (including under-ice and underwater applications). In addition, there are two rather methodically/technically-oriented contributions dealing with the optimized processing of UAV data and on the design and test of a multi-channel optical receiver for ground-based applications. All in all, this compilation documents that HSI is a multi-faceted research topic and will remain so in the future.
    Keywords: hyperspectral ; topographic correction ; atmospheric correction ; radiometric correction ; long-range ; long-distance ; Structure from Motion (SfM) ; photogrammetry ; mineral mapping ; minimum wavelength mapping ; Maarmorilik ; Riotinto ; Hyperspectral image ; bio-optical algorithm ; phycocyanin ; chlorophyll-a ; mangrove species classification ; close-range hyperspectral imaging ; field hyperspectral measurement ; waveband selection ; machine learning ; instrument development ; spectroradiometry ; telescope ; receiver ; soil ; soil salinity ; unmanned aerial vehicle ; hyperspectral imager ; random forest regression ; electromagnetic induction ; hyperspectral imaging ; tree species ; multiple classifier fusion ; convolutional neural network ; random forest ; rotation forest ; sea ice ; ice algae ; biomass ; fine-scale ; under-ice ; underwater ; antarctica ; structure from motion ; georectification ; mosaicking ; push-broom ; UAV ; chlorophyll a ; colored dissolved organic matter ; in situ measurements ; vertical distribution ; water column ; snapshot hyperspectral imaging ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: In the last decade, issues related to pollution from microplastics in all environmental compartments and the associated health and environmental risks have been the focus of intense social, media, and political attention worldwide. The assessment, quantification, and study of the degradation processes of plastic debris in the ecosystem and its interaction with biota have been and are still the focus of intense multidisciplinary research. Plastic particles in the range from 1 to 5 mm and those in the sub-micrometer range are commonly denoted as microplastics and nanoplastics, respectively. Microplastics (MPs) are being recognized as nearly ubiquitous pollutants in water bodies, but their actual concentration, distribution, and effects on natural waters, sediments, and biota are still largely unknown. Contamination by microplastics of agricultural soil and other environmental areas is also becoming a matter of concern. Sampling, separation, detection, characterization and evaluating the degradation pathways of micro- and nano-plastic pollutants dispersed in the environment is a challenging and critical goal to understand their distribution, fate, and the related hazards for ecosystems. Given the interest in this topic, this Special Issue, entitled “Microplastics Degradation and Characterization”, is concerned with the latest developments in the study of microplastics.
    Keywords: PEEK ; SIRM ; damage mechanisms ; GISAXS ; irradiation ; micro and nanoplastics ; freshwater ; sludge ; optical detection ; portable devices ; in situ detection ; microplastics ; marine sediment ; pet ; nylon 6 ; nylon 6,6 ; reversed-phase HPLC ; polyolefin ; polystyrene ; Pyr-GC/MS ; polymer degradation ; microparticles ; PLA ; PBS ; enzymes ; specificity ; thermal profile ; activation energy ; wastewater ; Raman spectroscopy ; laser speckle pattern ; transmittance ; sedimentation ; HDPE ; microbeads ; photocatalysis ; scavengers ; C,N-TiO2 ; remediation ; nanotechnology ; plastic pollution ; visible light photodegradation ; microplastic ; ratiometric detection ; no-wash fluorescent probe ; imaging ; one-pot reaction ; water remediation ; nanoplastic ; artificial ageing ; polyolefins ; polyethylene terephthalate ; microplastic fiber ; washing textile ; drying textile ; polyester yarn types ; microplastic extraction ; oil extraction ; density separation ; GC–MS ; mass spectrometry identification ; plastic polymers ; polyethylene ; terrestrial ; soil ; polymers ; geotechnics ; landfills ; geosynthetics ; GCL ; clay liner ; hydraulic conductivity ; plastics ; anthropogenic activities ; quantification ; marine ; multi-parametric platform ; bioplastics ; marine environment ; spectroscopy ; resin pellets ; nanoplastics ; microplastic detection and identification ; microplastic quantification ; food packaging ; particle release ; plastic consumption ; ecotoxicity assessment ; size influence ; concentration influence ; microplastic pellets ; weathering ; degradation ; Yellowness Index ; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy ; persistent organic pollutants ; oxidative digestion ; Fenton’s reagent ; virgin ; aged ; SEM ; FTIR ; PAHs ; surface water ; chemical composition ; Ho Chi Minh City ; cement mortars ; municipal incinerated bottom ash ; PET pellets ; hydrogel ; potassium and sodium polyacrylate ; swelling ; physicochemical changes in the water ; polymeric nanoparticles ; Portugal ; resin ; pharmaceutical ; PVC ; paint ; wastewater treatment plant ; South China Sea ; pollution ; Py-GC/MS ; fragmentation and degradation ; mechanism ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry::PNR Physical chemistry::PNRP Quantum and theoretical chemistry
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