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  • Column liquid chromatography  (1,216)
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  • 1
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Agriculture requires technical solutions for increasing production while lessening environmental impact by reducing the application of agro-chemicals and increasing the use of environmentally friendly management practices. A benefit of this is the reduction of production costs. Sensor technologies produce tools to achieve the abovementioned goals. The explosive technological advances and developments in recent years have enormously facilitated the attainment of these objectives, removing many barriers for their implementation, including the reservations expressed by farmers. Precision agriculture and ‘smart farming’ are emerging areas where sensor-based technologies play an important role. Farmers, researchers, and technical manufacturers are joining their efforts to find efficient solutions, improvements in production, and reductions in costs. This book brings together recent research and developments concerning novel sensors and their applications in agriculture. Sensors in agriculture are based on the requirements of farmers, according to the farming operations that need to be addressed.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; optical sensor ; spectral analysis ; response surface sampling ; sensor evaluation ; electromagnetic induction ; multivariate water quality parameters ; mandarin orange ; crop inspection platform ; SPA-MLR ; object tracking ; feature selection ; simultaneous measurement ; diseases ; genetic algorithms ; processing of sensed data ; electrochemical sensors ; thermal image ; ECa-directed soil sampling ; handheld ; recognition patterns ; salt concentration ; clover-grass ; bovine embedded hardware ; weed control ; soil ; field crops ; vineyard ; connected dominating set ; water depth sensors ; SS-OCT ; wheat ; striped stem-borer ; silage ; geostatistics ; detection ; NIR hyperspectral imaging ; electronic nose ; machine learning ; virtual organizations of agents ; packing density ; data validation and calibration ; dataset ; Wi-SUN ; temperature sensors ; geoinformatics ; gas sensor ; X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy ; vegetable oil ; photograph-grid method ; Vitis vinifera ; WSN distribution algorithms ; laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy ; irrigation ; quality assessment ; energy efficiency ; wireless sensor network (WSN) ; geo-information ; Fusarium ; texture features ; weeds ; discrimination ; big data ; soil moisture sensors ; meat spoilage ; land cover ; stereo imaging ; near infrared sensors ; biological sensing ; compound sensor ; pest management ; moisture ; plant localization ; heavy metal contamination ; artificial neural networks ; spectral pre-processing ; moisture content ; apparent soil electrical conductivity ; data fusion ; semi-arid regions ; smart irrigation ; back propagation model ; wireless sensor network ; energy balance ; light-beam ; fluorescent measurement ; agriculture ; precision agriculture ; deep learning ; spectroscopy ; hulled barely ; dielectric probe ; RPAS ; water supply network ; rice leaves ; mobile app ; gradient boosted machines ; hyperspectral camera ; one-class ; nitrogen ; LiDAR ; total carbon ; chemometrics analysis ; rice ; agricultural land ; on-line vis-NIR measurement ; CARS ; obstacle detection ; stratification ; neural networks ; regression estimator ; Kinect ; proximity sensing ; distributed systems ; pest ; noninvasive detection ; texture feature ; soil mapping ; classification ; soil salinity ; visible and near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy ; germination ; computer vision ; hyperspectral imaging ; diffusion ; dielectric dispersion ; UAS ; random forests ; case studies ; total nitrogen ; thermal imaging ; cameras ; dry matter composition ; near-infrared ; salt tolerance ; deep convolutional neural networks ; soil type classification ; water management ; preprocessing methods ; wireless sensor networks (WSN) ; remote sensing image classification ; precision plant protection ; radar ; spatial variability ; GF-1 satellite ; plant disease ; naked barley ; leaf area index ; CIE-Lab ; change of support ; radiative transfer model ; 3D reconstruction ; plant phenotyping ; vine ; near infrared ; vegetation indices ; remote sensing ; greenhouse ; time-series data ; scattering ; sensor ; crop area ; speckle ; spatial data ; grapevine breeding ; wide field view ; partial least squares-discriminant analysis ; spiking ; area frame sampling ; chromium content ; machine-learning ; RGB-D sensor ; pest scouting ; PLS ; Capsicum annuum ; spatial-temporal model ; drying temperature ; boron tolerance ; ambient intelligence ; laser wavelength ; fuzzy logic ; dynamic weight ; landslide ; management zones ; real-time processing ; event detection ; crop monitoring ; apple shelf-life ; rice field monitoring ; wireless sensor ; birth sensor ; proximal sensor ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
    Language: English
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  • 2
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Plants show different strategies for coping with stress factors. They develop various types of adaptations to avoid the stressor or to activate defense reactions consisting of damage repair and running alternative metabolic pathways. This Special Issue, “What Makes the Life of Stressed Plants a Little Easier? Defense Mechanisms against Adverse Conditions”, contains several original articles that deal with such changes that occur at the level of the transcriptome, proteome, and metabolome, as well as structural adaptations in response to a stress factor. It also provides four review articles on drought stress, metal stress, various abiotic stress responses of cultivated beet, and crosstalk between Ca2+ and other regulators in stress signaling.
    Keywords: water deficit ; cold stress ; water content ; photosynthesis ; anatomy ; secondary metabolites ; antioxidants ; bioaccumulation ; copper toxicity ; hydroponics ; translocation factor ; F-box protein ; SCF complex ; stress response ; WD40 repeat-like protein ; wheat ; peroxidase ; ascorbate peroxidase ; catalase ; yield index ; Brachypodium distachyon ; cold acclimation ; microbiome ; amplicon and shotgun sequencing ; metagenomics ; Pseudomonas ; Streptomyces ; beet cultivation ; abiotic stress ; alkaline ; cold ; heat ; heavy metals ; stress tolerance ; ultraviolet radiation ; acidic soils ; abiotic stress tolerance ; proteomic studies ; two dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) ; × Triticosecale Wittmack ; auxin-related compound ; Bryophyllum calycinum ; indole-3-acetic acid ; methyl jasmonate ; plant hormone dynamics ; secondary abscission ; PERK ; kinase ; RT-qPCR ; promoter ; drought ; heat stress ; Ca2+ ; abiotic stress response ; Ca2+ sensors ; signal transduction ; abiotic stress tolerance calcium ; abscisic acid ; chloroplast degeneration ; malondialdehyde ; nanoparticles ; oxidative stress ; drought stress ; osmolytes ; antioxidant enzymes ; phytohormones ; antifungal secondary metabolites ; biocontrol ; abnormal germ tube suppression of appressoria ; Streptomyces sp. ; adaptation ; priming ; defense mechanisms ; metallophyte ; phytoremediation ; tolerance ; Armeria maritima ; electrical conductivity ; functional differences ; ion accumulation ; non-ionic osmolytes ; osmotic adjustment ; potassium ; salinity ; sodium ; tissue culture ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology
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  • 3
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The protection and maintenance of environmental resources for future generations require responsible interaction between humans and the environment in order to avoid wasting natural resources. According to an ancient Native American proverb, “We do not inherit the Earth from our ancestors; we borrow it from our children.” This indigenous wisdom has the potential to play a significant role in defining environmental sustainability. Recent technological advances could sustain humankind and allow for comfortable living. However, not all of these advancements have the potential to protect the environment for future generations. Developing societies and maintaining the sustainability of the ecosystem require appropriate wisdom, technology, and management collaboration. This book is a collection of 19 important articles (15 research articles, 3 review papers, and 1 editorial) that were published in the Special Issue of the journal Sustainability entitled “Appropriate Wisdom, Technology, and Management toward Environmental Sustainability for Development” during 2021-2022.addresses the policymakers and decision-makers who are willing to develop societies that practice environmental sustainability, by collecting the most recent contributions on the appropriate wisdom, technology, and management regarding the different aspects of a community that can retain environmental sustainability.
    Keywords: metals ; arsenic ; pollution ; Mexico ; developing countries ; landfill ; urban solid waste ; disposal ; waste management ; sustainable development goals ; ethnobotany ; human health ; poverty ; traditional knowledge ; sustainable agriculture ; wheat ; seed rate ; yield effect ; dose–response ; seed recycling ; cost–benefit analysis ; blockchain ; SDGs ; innovation ; COVID-19 ; green recovery ; scorecard ; construction sector ; economy ; intersectoral linkages ; VECM ; forecasting ; sustainable development ; eco-friendly sound-absorbing material ; corrugated cardboard ; perforated corrugated cardboard ; sound-absorption coefficient ; sound transmission loss ; transfer function method ; transfer matrix method ; multi-frequency resonator ; self-compacting concrete ; crumb rubber ; strength ; silica fume ; response surface methodology ; biodiesel ; engine performance ; emissions ; natural feedstocks ; production method ; ethical marketing ; extended marketing mix ; consumer brand relationships ; brand loyalty ; sustainability ; rice husk ; power plants ; CO2 ; emission reductions ; Clean Development Mechanism ; rural clean heating project ; rural Gansu ; potential solutions ; benchmarking ; fisheries ; aquaculture ; food security ; Bangladesh ; humanitarian logistics ; pandemic ; economic reactivation ; spatial modelling ; sustainable construction ; construction waste reduction ; modelling of waste (reduce, reuse and recycle) ; PLS-SEM ; industry 4.0 ; circular economy ; environmental regulations ; manufacturing supply chains ; Internet of Things (IoT) ; groundwater level ; groundwater resource ; groundwater management models ; groundwater monitoring system ; wireless sensor network ; MENA Islamic cities ; urban management ; sustainable built environment ; supplier selection ; product life cycle cost ; geometric mean weighting ; penalty weighting ; multiobjective linear programming ; revised multichoice goal programming ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology
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  • 4
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This book, a printed edition of the Special Issue Soil Nitrogen Supply: Linking Plant Available N to Ecosystem Functions and Productivity, presents thoughtful research papers that will advance our understanding of this fascinating topic. New knowledge about modeling and the impact of cover crops, crop residues, soil amendment, and other management practices is presented in the context of agricultural and urban ecosystems.
    Keywords: nitrification inhibitors ; soil type ; CO2 and N2O emissions ; soil nitrogen dynamic ; winter malting barley ; malting quality indices ; summer cover crops ; sunn hemp ; crimson clover ; seeding rate ; nitrogen management ; aerobic incubation ; CO2 production ; microbial metabolism ; enzyme activities ; active biomass ; gross mineralization/immobilization ; Bradyrhizobium ; attachment ; root ; biofilm ; lectin ; soybean ; soil ; hydrophobicity ; Brassica napus ; natural variation ; nitrogen nutrition ; root system architecture ; nitrogen ; miscanthus ; willow ; field experiment ; lettuce ; plant-based amendment ; rhizosphere ; rainfall simulator ; nutrient runoff ; ammonium ; nitrate ; nitrogen use efficiency ; biochar ; total nitrogen ; soil organic carbon ; nitrogen mineralization ; nitrification ; turfgrass ; residential landscapes ; landscape patches ; urban soils ; perennial peanut ; urban landscapes ; N mineralization ; C/N ratio ; crop residue ; N availability ; NBPT ; nitrification inhibitor ; half-life ; degradation rate constant ; nitrogen leaching ; autumn tillage ; no-till ; lysimeter ; field experiment network ; soil nitrogen mineralization ; soil properties ; cropping system ; modeling ; STICS model ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology
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  • 5
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Foods derived from grains and grain-based ingredients represent a crucial source of energy and nutrients for humans. Cereals are conventional food materials, while interest is growing in the utilization of pseudocereals, pulses, oilseeds, and other grains to develop various foods and food ingredients. Grain and food processing converts raw grains into functional ingredients and creates palatable and nutritious end-products. During processing, various physical and chemical changes and interactions take place, affecting the nutritional, textural, sensory, and other quality properties of the products. Methods, protocols, and equipment have been developed to process, monitor, and control processing parameters to achieve the desired end-product quality or functionality. This reprint covers diverse topics related to grain-processing innovations and the effect of both conventional and innovative grain processes on the properties of grain-derived ingredients, intermediates, and end products.
    Keywords: climate change ; heat resource effectiveness ; hourly accumulated temperature simulation ; rice potential yield ; whole foxtail millet flour ; amylose content ; japonica and glutinous ; Chinese steamed bread ; texture properties ; northern cold area ; maize seeds ; physical characteristics ; principal component analysis ; cluster comprehensive analysis ; wheat ; flour ; dough ; mixing ; hydrophobic interaction ; aggregation ; corn ; hammermill ; moisture content ; particle size ; gaseous chlorine dioxide ; buckwheat-based composited flour ; fresh buckwheat noodle ; shelf-life and quality characteristics ; whole grain bread ; pulse ; yellow pea ; green pea ; lentil ; chickpea ; Mixolab ; dough rheology ; bread texture ; ayocote bean ; black bean ; bread ; protein digestibility ; sensorial properties ; pulses ; red lentils ; protein ; roller milling ; near infrared spectroscopy ; sorghum ; starch ; amylose ; amylopectin ; high throughput phenotyping ; genetic diversity ; plant breeding ; granular flow ; particulate flow ; extrusion ; food powders ; powder rheology ; composition ; sugar ; purple-colored wheat ; wheat bran ; blending ratio ; fresh noodles ; antioxidant properties ; alternative sweeteners ; sucrose ; cookies ; baking ; sugar reduction ; kabuli ; milling ; de-hull ; roller mill ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology
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  • 6
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Agriculture requires technical solutions for increasing production while lessening environmental impact by reducing the application of agro-chemicals and increasing the use of environmentally friendly management practices. A benefit of this is the reduction of production costs. Sensor technologies produce tools to achieve the abovementioned goals. The explosive technological advances and developments in recent years have enormously facilitated the attainment of these objectives, removing many barriers for their implementation, including the reservations expressed by farmers. Precision agriculture and ‘smart farming’ are emerging areas where sensor-based technologies play an important role. Farmers, researchers, and technical manufacturers are joining their efforts to find efficient solutions, improvements in production, and reductions in costs. This book brings together recent research and developments concerning novel sensors and their applications in agriculture. Sensors in agriculture are based on the requirements of farmers, according to the farming operations that need to be addressed.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; optical sensor ; spectral analysis ; response surface sampling ; sensor evaluation ; electromagnetic induction ; multivariate water quality parameters ; mandarin orange ; crop inspection platform ; SPA-MLR ; object tracking ; feature selection ; simultaneous measurement ; diseases ; genetic algorithms ; processing of sensed data ; electrochemical sensors ; thermal image ; ECa-directed soil sampling ; handheld ; recognition patterns ; salt concentration ; clover-grass ; bovine embedded hardware ; weed control ; soil ; field crops ; vineyard ; connected dominating set ; water depth sensors ; SS-OCT ; wheat ; striped stem-borer ; silage ; geostatistics ; detection ; NIR hyperspectral imaging ; electronic nose ; machine learning ; virtual organizations of agents ; packing density ; data validation and calibration ; dataset ; Wi-SUN ; temperature sensors ; geoinformatics ; gas sensor ; X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy ; vegetable oil ; photograph-grid method ; Vitis vinifera ; WSN distribution algorithms ; laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy ; irrigation ; quality assessment ; energy efficiency ; wireless sensor network (WSN) ; geo-information ; Fusarium ; texture features ; weeds ; discrimination ; big data ; soil moisture sensors ; meat spoilage ; land cover ; stereo imaging ; near infrared sensors ; biological sensing ; compound sensor ; pest management ; moisture ; plant localization ; heavy metal contamination ; artificial neural networks ; spectral pre-processing ; moisture content ; apparent soil electrical conductivity ; data fusion ; semi-arid regions ; smart irrigation ; back propagation model ; wireless sensor network ; energy balance ; light-beam ; fluorescent measurement ; agriculture ; precision agriculture ; deep learning ; spectroscopy ; hulled barely ; dielectric probe ; RPAS ; water supply network ; rice leaves ; mobile app ; gradient boosted machines ; hyperspectral camera ; one-class ; nitrogen ; LiDAR ; total carbon ; chemometrics analysis ; rice ; agricultural land ; on-line vis-NIR measurement ; CARS ; obstacle detection ; stratification ; neural networks ; regression estimator ; Kinect ; proximity sensing ; distributed systems ; pest ; noninvasive detection ; texture feature ; soil mapping ; classification ; soil salinity ; visible and near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy ; germination ; computer vision ; hyperspectral imaging ; diffusion ; dielectric dispersion ; UAS ; random forests ; case studies ; total nitrogen ; thermal imaging ; cameras ; dry matter composition ; near-infrared ; salt tolerance ; deep convolutional neural networks ; soil type classification ; water management ; preprocessing methods ; wireless sensor networks (WSN) ; remote sensing image classification ; precision plant protection ; radar ; spatial variability ; GF-1 satellite ; plant disease ; naked barley ; leaf area index ; CIE-Lab ; change of support ; radiative transfer model ; 3D reconstruction ; plant phenotyping ; vine ; near infrared ; vegetation indices ; remote sensing ; greenhouse ; time-series data ; scattering ; sensor ; crop area ; speckle ; spatial data ; grapevine breeding ; wide field view ; partial least squares-discriminant analysis ; spiking ; area frame sampling ; chromium content ; machine-learning ; RGB-D sensor ; pest scouting ; PLS ; Capsicum annuum ; spatial-temporal model ; drying temperature ; boron tolerance ; ambient intelligence ; laser wavelength ; fuzzy logic ; dynamic weight ; landslide ; management zones ; real-time processing ; event detection ; crop monitoring ; apple shelf-life ; rice field monitoring ; wireless sensor ; birth sensor ; proximal sensor ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
    Language: English
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  • 7
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This book focuses on the fundamental and applied research of the non-destructive estimation and diagnosis of crop leaf and plant nitrogen status and in-season nitrogen management strategies based on leaf sensors, proximal canopy sensors, unmanned aerial vehicle remote sensing, manned aerial remote sensing and satellite remote sensing technologies. Statistical and machine learning methods are used to predict plant-nitrogen-related parameters with sensor data or sensor data together with soil, landscape, weather and/or management information. Different sensing technologies or different modelling approaches are compared and evaluated. Strategies are developed to use crop sensing data for in-season nitrogen recommendations to improve nitrogen use efficiency and protect the environment.
    Keywords: UAS ; multiple sensors ; vegetation index ; leaf nitrogen accumulation ; plant nitrogen accumulation ; pasture quality ; airborne hyperspectral imaging ; random forest regression ; sun-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) ; SIF yield indices ; upward ; downward ; leaf nitrogen concentration (LNC) ; wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) ; laser-induced fluorescence ; leaf nitrogen concentration ; back-propagation neural network ; principal component analysis ; fluorescence characteristics ; canopy nitrogen density ; radiative transfer model ; hyperspectral ; winter wheat ; flooded rice ; pig slurry ; aerial remote sensing ; vegetation indices ; N recommendation approach ; Mediterranean conditions ; nitrogen ; vertical distribution ; plant geometry ; remote sensing ; maize ; UAV ; multispectral imagery ; LNC ; non-parametric regression ; red-edge ; NDRE ; dynamic change model ; sigmoid curve ; grain yield prediction ; leaf chlorophyll content ; red-edge reflectance ; spectral index ; precision N fertilization ; chlorophyll meter ; NDVI ; NNI ; canopy reflectance sensing ; N mineralization ; farmyard manures ; Triticum aestivum ; discrete wavelet transform ; partial least squares ; hyper-spectra ; rice ; nitrogen management ; reflectance index ; multiple variable linear regression ; Lasso model ; Multiplex®3 sensor ; nitrogen balance index ; nitrogen nutrition index ; nitrogen status diagnosis ; precision nitrogen management ; terrestrial laser scanning ; spectrometer ; plant height ; biomass ; nitrogen concentration ; precision agriculture ; unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) ; digital camera ; leaf chlorophyll concentration ; portable chlorophyll meter ; crop ; PROSPECT-D ; sensitivity analysis ; UAV multispectral imagery ; spectral vegetation indices ; machine learning ; plant nutrition ; canopy spectrum ; non-destructive nitrogen status diagnosis ; drone ; multispectral camera ; SPAD ; smartphone photography ; fixed-wing UAV remote sensing ; random forest ; canopy reflectance ; crop N status ; Capsicum annuum ; proximal optical sensors ; Dualex sensor ; leaf position ; proximal sensing ; cross-validation ; feature selection ; hyperparameter tuning ; image processing ; image segmentation ; nitrogen fertilizer recommendation ; supervised regression ; RapidSCAN sensor ; nitrogen recommendation algorithm ; in-season nitrogen management ; nitrogen use efficiency ; yield potential ; yield responsiveness ; standard normal variate (SNV) ; continuous wavelet transform (CWT) ; wavelet features optimization ; competitive adaptive reweighted sampling (CARS) ; partial least square (PLS) ; grapevine ; hyperparameter optimization ; multispectral imaging ; precision viticulture ; RGB ; multispectral ; coverage adjusted spectral index ; vegetation coverage ; random frog algorithm ; active canopy sensing ; integrated sensing system ; discrete NIR spectral band data ; soil total nitrogen concentration ; moisture absorption correction index ; particle size correction index ; coupled elimination ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology
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  • 8
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This is a reprint of articles from the Special Issue published online in the open access journal Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This book addresses the most recent developments in soil pollution and restoration, contaminant hydrology, and ground disturbance to stimulate fruitful technical and scientific interactions between professionals.
    Keywords: groundwater ; hydrochemistry ; hexavalent chromium contamination ; water chemistry simulation ; construction disturbance ; replacement of embankment ; foamed cement banking technology ; post-construction settlement ; method of replacement thickness calculation ; steam injection ; ethanol ; azeotropic temperature ; heterogeneous aquifers ; nitrobenzene ; microbially induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) ; unsaturated soil ; soil-water characteristic curves ; matrix suction ; microstructure ; molecular dynamics ; mechanical properties ; montmorillonite ; basal spacing ; long-term freeze–thaw cycles ; composite heavy metal contamination ; morphological analysis ; solidification/stabilization ; groundwater level fluctuation zone ; nitrogen ; migration and transformation ; HYDRUS-1D model ; kinetic adsorption and desorption ; groundwater table fluctuations ; Pb ; migration ; experimental study ; unsaturated subgrade ; capillary barrier ; distress control of wetting ; xanthan gum ; silt ; water retention capacity ; strength ; wetting process ; microscopic tests ; overconsolidation effect ; thermal pore water pressure ; calculation method ; saturated clay ; additives ; compacted clay cover ; moisture retention ; gas diffusion barrier ; hydraulic conductivity ; tidal action ; silty-clay soil ; riparian hyporheic zone ; inorganic nitrogen ; occurrence characteristics ; influencing factors ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology
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  • 9
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Germanium (Ge) chalcogenides are characterized by unique properties that make these materials interesting for a very wide range of applications from phase change memories to ovonic threshold switches and from photonics to thermoelectric and photovoltaic devices. In many cases, their physical properties can be finely tuned by doping or by changing the amount of Ge, which may therefore play a key role in determining the applications, performance, and even the reliability of these devices. In this book, we include 11 articles, mainly focusing on applications of Ge chalcogenides for non-volatile memories. Most of the papers have been produced with funding received from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation program under grant agreement n. 824957. In the Special Issue “BeforeHand: Boosting Performance of Phase Change Devices by Hetero- and Nanostructure Material Design”, two contributions are related to the prototypical Ge2Sb2Te5 compound, which is the most studied composition, already integrated in many devices such as optical and electronic memories. Five articles focus on Ge-rich GeSbTe alloys, exploring the electrical and the structural properties, as well as the decomposition paths. Other contributions are focused on the effect of the interfaces and on nanowires.
    Keywords: PCM ; Ge2Sb2Te5 ; sputtering ; flexible substrates ; crystallization ; electrical properties ; phase change materials ; nitrogen ; strain ; kinetics ; amorphous phase ; germanium telluride ; indium alloying ; optical contrast ; Ge-rich alloys ; crystallization temperature ; segregation ; Ge-rich GST alloys ; Raman ; electronic properties ; Ge-rich GST ; pulsed laser deposition ; phase separation ; GGST ; EDX elemental chemical mapping ; embedded memory ; density functional theory ; MOCVD ; VLS ; phase-change memory ; nanowires ; core-shell ; Ge–Sb–Te ; Ge–Sb–Te/Sb2Te3 ; embedded electronic memories ; Density Functional Theory ; high-throughput calculations ;   ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TD Industrial chemistry and manufacturing technologies::TDC Industrial chemistry and chemical engineering
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  • 10
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The concept of sustainability has been intensively used over the last decades since Brundtland´s report was published in 1987. This concept, due to its transversal, horizontal and interdisciplinary nature, can be used in many disciplines, scenarios, spatio-temporal dimensions and different circumstances. The intensive development in recent years of analytical techniques and tools based on disciplines such as artificial intelligence, machine learning, data mining, information theory and the Internet of Things, among others, has meant we are very well-placed for analysing the sustainability of water systems in a multiperspective way. Water systems management requires the most advanced approaches and tools for rigorously addressing all the dimensions involved in the sustainability of its development. Consequently, addressing the sustainability of water systems management may comprise physical (natural processes), chemical, socioeconomic, legal, institutional, infrastructure (engineering), political and cultural aspects, among others. This Special Issue welcomes general and specific contributions that address the sustainability of water systems management considering its development. Special interest will be given to those contributions that consider tradeoffs and/or integration between some of the aspects or disciplines that drive the sustainability of water systems in the context of their management and development.
    Keywords: suspended solids ; unmanned aerial vehicle ; spectral imaging ; artificial neural networks ; water resource ; South Korean urban industry ; green use efficiency of industrial water (GUEIW) ; global non-radial directional distance function model (GNDDF) ; economic efficiency of industrial water use (ECEIW) ; environmental efficiency of industrial water use (ENEIW) ; water quality ; climate change ; Bayesian networks ; uncertainty ; multi-models ; prioritization ; geomorphometric parameters ; compound parameter ; geospatial distribution ; GIS ; GHGs ; aquatic factors ; random forest ; water temperature ; nitrogen ; sulfate ; concrete arch-dams ; stability scenarios ; deformation scenarios ; safety management ; sustainability assessment ; runoff ; temporal dependence ; rivers’ sustainability ; predictive methods ; causal reasoning ; runoff fractions ; water management ; contamination ; integrated water resources management ; groundwater ; pollution ; Sub-Saharan Africa ; transition management ; water safety plan ; aquifer management ; water governance ; irrigation ; unauthorized use ; barbate river basin ; biocalcarenites ; remote sensing ; citizen surveys ; artificial neural network (ANN) ; chemical oxygen demand (COD) ; wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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