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  • Articles  (17,219)
  • MDPI Publishing  (13,573)
  • Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET)  (2,845)
  • Wiley-Blackwell
  • Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology  (17,219)
Collection
Years
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 1 (1988), S. 115-128 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: An absorbing boundary condition for simple layered media is presented. The method enables the modelling of open space radiation and scattering problems when the source (or scatterer) and a plane interface between two media are both located within the finite-difference or finite-element region. The projection operator method is used to take into account the presence of reflected waves at the media interface. The derivation of the projection operator is presented for one, two and three dimensions. Examples of electromagnetic radiation and scattering in two dimensions are presented to illustrate the numerical implementation and validity of the new absorbing boundary condition.
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  • 2
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    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 1 (1988), S. 129-130 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
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  • 3
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    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 1 (1988), S. 131-136 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A design method for filters having duobinary signal pulses as impulse response is presented.
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  • 4
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    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 6 (1993), S. 167-167 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
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  • 5
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    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 6 (1993), S. 183-193 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: An equivalent circuit for a symmetrical condensed TLM node is presented. The basic circuit has twelve ports and consists of 24 1:1 ideal transformers. Three additional conductances model the conductivity of the medium. The circuit is extended with additional ideal transformers giving six ports for short-circuit and open-circuit stubs which model the permittivity and permeability of the inhomogeneous medium. The scattering matrix of the 18-port network is determined symbolically by solving a set of linear circuit equations. The matrix agrees with previously published results for a symmetrical condensed TLM node, obtained from Maxwell's equations.
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  • 6
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    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 6 (1993), S. 233-236 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: We have extended the one-dimensional transmission-line modelling (TLM) of diffusion, drift and recombination of charge carriers in semiconductors to multiple dimensions. Detailed TLM formulation of the continuity transport equation in a more general form is presented.
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  • 7
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    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 7 (1994), S. i 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
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  • 8
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    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 7 (1994), S. 75-75 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
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  • 9
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    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 7 (1994), S. 127-139 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: In this paper the traditional square mesh 2D-TLM algorithm is generalized for rectangular meshes of arbitrary aspect ratio. It is shown that the anisotropic rectangular TLM network can be conceived in such a way that the propagation vector remains independent of the direction of propagation in the infinitesimal approximation. A full dispersion analysis of the rectangular mesh in then performed for the general case, and results are compared to that of the traditional square mesh.
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  • 10
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    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 7 (1994), S. 155-166 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The radiation field patterns of rectangular waveguides and horns of finite dimensions are obtained numerically. The electric field integral equation is formulated to relate their radiation patterns to the surface current distribution. These currents are determined numerically by reducing the integral equation to a matrix equation, using the moment method. The computed currents are then used to calculate the radiation patterns and cross-polar fields of the finite wavegiudes and horns. The method is numerically efficient and can be applied to the computation and optimization of the antenna feed configurations.
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  • 11
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    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 7 (1994), S. 167-177 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Ray-besed methods have been previously developed for accurately predicting the electromagnetic scattering from cavity interiors that allowed for realistic modelling of complex cavities such as jet engine inlets. An analytic geometric model is developed for bifurcated cavities based on connecting sections of generalized super-ellipse functions. The electromagnetic scattering from such cavities using the ‘shooting and bouncing rays’ (SBR) method is discussed.
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  • 12
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    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 7 (1994), S. 209-221 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A theoretical analysis has been developed to study the crosstalk in crossed bundles of parallel lines. The model is based on the theory of the coupled transmission lines and the resulting system of differential equations has been solved by means of the finite difference, time-domain (FDTD) method. The frequency response of the network has been achieved by the discrete fourier transform (DFT) algorithm; measurements, performed with a vectorial network analyser, show a good agreement with numerical simulation.
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  • 13
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    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 8 (1995), S. 75-75 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
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  • 14
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    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 8 (1995), S. 127-137 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Regular boundary integral elements are employed for the dual and complementary variational formulations of Laplace problems. The problems are defined only on the boundary as usual, but as in the manner of charge simulation method (CSM), the source terms are arranged outside the domain so that the singular integral can be avoided. The Laplace problems are analysed and the usefulness of the formulation is discussed in comparison with direct BEM. The scalar potential and electric displacement vector potential functions are used in the dual and complementary formulations, with which the upper and lower bounds of the system energy or the capacitance can also accurately be evaluated.
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  • 15
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    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 8 (1995), S. 150-150 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
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    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 1 (1988), S. 137-151 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
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  • 17
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    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 1 (1988), S. 153-164 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Spontaneous emission noise power, although small in magnitude, affects many aspects of the semiconductor laser's operation. An accurate model has been developed for it for use in the transmission-line laser model (TLLM), which is a time-domain, wideband, dynamic, non-adiabatic semiconductor laser model. The effects of approximations used in other dynamic laser models are then investigated by comparison with the results from the TLLM. The study shows that the representation of this noise power has an important bearing on the damping of modelled transient oscillations.
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  • 18
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    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 1 (1988), S. 171-171 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
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  • 19
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    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 1 (1988), S. 165-170 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A method for analysing the electrical effect of a set of conducting strips is presented. This method is applied to modelling the electrical behaviour of conducting tracks on a printed circuit board (PCB). Unlike most other published work, this analysis is not restricted to the case where the tracks are parallel. The problem is formulated in terms of an admittance matrix. A boundary element method incorporating image theory is used to produce a system of linear equations. These are solved to yield the required admittance matrix, which can then be incorporated into a standard circuit analysis package. Comparisons between measured and predicted circuit performance for a complex layout show close agreement up to at least 1 GHz.
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  • 20
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    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 1 (1988) 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
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  • 21
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    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 1 (1988), S. 173-174 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
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  • 22
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    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 1 (1988), S. 175-188 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The asymptotic form, for high frequencies, of the equations of propagation on a nonuniform N-conductor transmission line is considered. Under the assumption of perfect conditions in uniform, isotropic media, all N propagation velocities are the same, but the characteristic impedance matrix is allowed to vary with position along the line. Closed-form solutions are obtained for some cases of interest.
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  • 23
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    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 1 (1988), S. 189-206 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A numerical method using impulse analysis of a transmission-line matrix is used to model the scattering of underwater acoustic waves. The method is demonstrated by observation of plane and curved wavefronts travelling through the medium, and by plane wavefronts being scattered by a reflecting boundary.
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  • 24
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    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 1 (1988), S. 207-220 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Shooting and bouncing rays (SBR) is a numerical method based on geometric optics developed to compute the electromagnetic scattering from jet inlets and partially open cavity structures. This method is used to study the effects of shaping on the radar cross-section (RCS) of cavities. Two cylindrical cavity structures are analysed: one with a uniform circular cross-section, and the other with a non-uniform cross-section varying from a triangular shape to a circular shape. By bending the longitudinal axis of a cylindrical cavity, a significant reduction in RCS at near axial incidence can be achieved.
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  • 25
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    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 2 (1989) 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
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  • 26
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    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 2 (1989), S. 1-15 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: In order to develop a new kind of filter that makes a compromise between quasi-optical and more traditional bandpass filtering techniques at millimetre wavelengths, a theoretical modelling of grids in oversize and monomodal waveguides is performed using a variational method.
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  • 27
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    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 2 (1989), S. 31-52 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A novel procedure for the numerical modelling of current transport in semiconductor devices is presented. The method is based on high-order trigonometric expansions (Fourier series) of the solution. The expansion coefficients are calculated in a Galerkin-type algorithm. The method offers infinite-order accuracy regardless of the number of spatial dimensions of the model. Well-conditioning and diagonal dominance of the discrete equations render the numerical procedure stable and effective. Significant advantages are expected, particularly for the solution of strongly non-linear multidimensional device models. Properties of the algorithm are demonstrated on standard semiconductor devices.
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  • 28
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    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 2 (1989), S. 53-60 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: This paper introduces a simple model for solving a system of first-order rate equations using the TLM numerical method. A general algorithm is developed by setting up a matrix of discrete compartments. The rate constants provide the linkage between each compartment and the neighbouring ones. The method is demonstrated by some examples in which saturation conditions are considered. The TLM solution is compared with analytical solutions and the Rung-Kutta method of solving differential equations.
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  • 29
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    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 2 (1989), S. 75-80 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A simulation of power transformers following switching operations is presented in which each core section is represented by a non-linear inductance, the differential inductance being determined from the flux density in that section of the core. In analysing the resultant circuit model for the transformer it is shown that the circuit equations have dyadic properties which can be used to give a more efficient numerical solution.
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  • 30
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    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 2 (1989), S. 93-102 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: An approach, based on the finite element method (FEM), is used for evaluating the electromagnetic field distribution in a class of E-plane metal insert filters, operating in the Ka-band. Artificial boundary conditions are inserted directly in a functional, enabling a solution of the scalar wave equation by finite element method.The scattering parameters of the filter, the electromagnetic field and, therefore, the current distributions on the thin metal inserts are computed. Then, the power dissipated in the metallic septa, which is one of the major limitations for the maximum CW-power that can be handled by these types of filter, is evaluated using a perturbational approach. Finally, the maximum field intensity is determined, allowing an estimate of the maximum peak power that these structures can handle.
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  • 31
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    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 2 (1989), S. 103-111 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The multigrid technique, which is mainly used in the finite difference method, is applied to the TLM (transmission-line matrix or modeling) procedure. In the multigrid TLM, the field region is covered with sets of regular transmission-line matrices of different mesh sizes. The finer grid pattern, which overlaps the coarser grid, fills the region with high field gradients. Data obtained in the coarser grid are transferred to the finer grid through an interpolation process and used as boundary conditions for the latter. The finer grid data are then transferred back to the coarser one, thus improving the coarse grid values. The method is applied to several diffusion problems and significant improvements in accuracy and efficiency are shown.
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  • 32
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    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 2 (1989), S. 115-115 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
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    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
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  • 33
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    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 2 (1989), S. 131-142 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Numerical quadratures encountered in solving integral equations and in finite element analysis often involve singular integrands, or integrands with very rapid local variation whose numerical stability resembles that of singularities. It is shown that specialized quadrature formulae of Gauss-Christoffel type can be generated for such integrands, using a recursive procedure based on the properties of the underlying orthogonal polynomials. Quadrature formulae of moderately high degree can be computed rapidly enough to allow them to be constructed as needed. An algorithm for generating quadrature formulae is given in detail. Singular or near -singular functions encountered in finite element analysis typically require three -point or four -point quadratures; such formulae are readily obtained, to seven -figure accuracy, in computing times short enough to regard the formulae as disposable and not worth preserving in tables.
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  • 34
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    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 2 (1989), S. 187-188 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
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  • 35
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    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 2 (1989), S. 189-190 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
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  • 36
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    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 2 (1989), S. 191-201 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: This paper presents an overview of the 3D transmission-line matrix method of analysis, describing the various nodes which are available to date: expanded node, asymmetrical condensed node, symmetrical condensed node. The most general scattering matrices of these nodes are given. The various techniques used to implement irregularly graded meshes are also described. A comparison of all the processes applied to the same structure is made. Conclusions on their use are then discussed.
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  • 37
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    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 2 (1989), S. 215-225 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A new TLM-based concept analogous to the Green's function approach in classical electromagnetic theory is presented. It employs the procedure known as time domain diakoptics. The response of a TLM mesh to a unit impulse excitation at selected input points is interpreted as a discrete Green's function in the time domain, and the term ‘Johns matrix’ is proposed for this characteristic response. As in classical theory, the response of the mesh to an arbitrary excitation is found by convolving the excitation with its Johns matrix. This concept extends the generalized scattering parameter concept into the time dimension, opens unprecedented possibilities for partioning time domain problems at the field level, and permits large-scale preprocessing of substructures for computer-aided design. It also represents and elegant way of modelling broadband absorbing boundary conditions, imperfectly conducting walls and general frequency dispersive boundaries in the time domain.
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  • 38
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    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 2 (1989), S. 279-279 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
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  • 39
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    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 2 (1989), S. 249-265 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The application of the transmission-line modelling technique to the design of semiconductor lasers and optical systems is reviewed. Generalized scattering matrices are developed to allow the technique to be applied to novel devices and systems.
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    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 2 (1989), S. 280-280 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
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    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 3 (1990), S. 11-21 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: This paper describes a novel technique with which a system with changing topology can be modelled whilst maintaining a constant system matrix. This technique employs a new transmission-line switch model which has a constant characteristic impedance, irrespective of its state. The method is explained, compared with the switched-resistance method and demonstrated by two examples. It has been found that the proposed method offers substantial advantages in the formulation of the problems and in the efficiency of computation.
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    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 3 (1990), S. 23-31 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The resonant mode field expansion technique presented in previous papers to analyse one- or two-port microstrip structures of different geometrical shapes is now applied to multiport radial lines. In particular, a radial-line n-way power divider is considered. This device allows, under certain hypotheses, an equiphase and equiamplitude splitting of an input signal. The Z matrix formulation has been derived and utilized to obtain the scattering parameters for the circuit. The numerical results are in good agreement with both experimental and theoretical data presented in the literature. The low number of resonant modes required to obtain satisfactory numerical convergence allows a substantial reduction of the computing time with respect to other more complicated approaches.
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    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 3 (1990), S. 57-71 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The boundary residual method is a powerful technique for solving EM boundary-value problems. This technique produces matrices difficult to solve using many of the standard numerical techniques. This paper discusses lesser-known numerical aspects of this method, and it shows efficient and well-conditioned methods to solve both the homogeneous and non-homogeneous boundary residual problem.
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    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 3 (1990), S. 39-56 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The paper describes the application of the TLM numerical method for the analysis of acoustic wave propagation. It presents a general scattering algorithm for modelling homogeneous and inhomogeneous mediums where both the density and compressibility of the propagation space are varied. The method is used to obtain the acoustic radiation patterns of discrete transducer arrays. The effect of the spacing and the number of transducer elements on the radiation pattern are demonstrated by numerical results obtained using a two-dimensional TLM mesh. The results also show the effect of array shading on the radiation pattern. Beam steering by delayed excitation of the transducer elements is also demonstrated here. In addition the paper presents two simple techniques for detecting the direction of wave propagation in the TLM mesh.
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    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 3 (1990), S. 73-73 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
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    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 3 (1990) 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
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    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 3 (1990), S. 79-90 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The non-linear diffusion mechanism arising in process modelling is analysed via a model problem. Using a scaling of the dopant concentration and an adaptive finite element method, high resolution is obtained in a particularly economical way.
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    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 3 (1990), S. 99-110 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A procedure is described for estimating various parameters governing the diffusion of impurities in semiconductors; these parameters are required for a number of explicit numerical models of non-linear diffusion in III-V crystals. The method is based on an analytical solution of the continuum equivalent of a discrete numerical model due to Zahari and Tuck and provides a systematic procedure for analysing experimental data to yield predictions for the coefficient of diffusion of the impurity, the coefficient of self-diffusion of the host material, the bulk equilibrium vacancy concentration and, under conditions of “dissociation” pressure, the surface vacancy concentration. Application of the procedure to two sets of independent experimental data provided reasonably consistent values of the parameters.
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    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 3 (1990), S. 111-126 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The paper presents a combined fine-coarse mesh TLM method. This technique reduces the memory storage and the computational time when modelling complex structures. In the combined fine-coarse mesh model, the region of interest is covered with a set of transmission-line fine meshes. The remaining part is covered with regular (or irregular) coarse meshes. The fine-mesh nodes are connected through busbars to the adjacent coarse-mesh nodes. The combined fine-coarse mesh TLM technique is applied to some diffusion problems. Significant savings in computational time and memory storage are obtained without loss of accuracy.
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    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 3 (1990) 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
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    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 3 (1990), S. 137-155 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: When the erosion or growth of a surface that occurs in semiconductor device processing can be considered as everywhere continuous in space and time, the equations of motion of the surface may be specified and determined numerically using a kinetic model of surface evolution. In this review the fundamental concepts of the kinematic model of surface evolution are discussed. Detailed consideration of the theory of characteristics reveals its limitations which are overcome by recent theoretical development based on the Huygens principle of wavefront reconstruction. Correct interpretation of the nature of the basic wavelet, coupled with contemporary ideas of surface and edge propagation, form the essence of a new numerical algorithm. Numerical analysis and consequent numerical procedures derived from the generalized kinematic model are presented. Examples of surface evolution, with particular reference to ion beam induced erosion are given to show the advantages and potential of the method as opposed to existing models and theoretical prediction.When evolution processes are discontinuous and localized, other approaches, particularly those that use numerical modelling, are required. Such approaches are also reviewed here.
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    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 6 (1993), S. 29-45 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The Hilbert space representation of the TLM method for time-domain computation of electromagnetic fields and the algebraic computation of the discrete Green's function are investigated. The complete field state is represented by a Hilbert space vector. The space and time evolution of the field state vector is governed by operator equations in Hilbert space. The discrete Green's functions may be represented by a Neumann series in space- and time-shift operators. The Hilbert space representation allows the description of the geometric structures by projection operators, too. The system of difference equations governing the time evolution of the electromagnetic field in configuration space is derived from the operator equation for the field state vector in the Hilbert space.
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    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 6 (1993), S. 67-81 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The state and output equations of the overall networks are derived from the state and output equations of individual multiports and knowledge of the interconnections between them. A generalized lumped-distributed L/D multiport is described by its associated state, output and non-linear equations in the time domain. Any network can be considered as composed of a set of multiports and independent sources. These equations have been incorporated into a computer-aided procedure for the analysis of L/D networks. The procedure can be used for the simulation of any non-linear microwave circuit and offers the facility of developing a multiport equivalent circuit for any linear or non-linear device or subcircuit. Several examples are successfully analysed using the developed general program.
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    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 6 (1993), S. 109-126 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
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    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The difference equations of the scalar linear transmission-line matrix (TLM) routine as introduced by Johns for numerically solving the diffusion equation are shown to be isomorphic to Goldstein's correlated random walk model of diffusion. For the infinite homogeneous bar their exact solution is derived algebraically and given in the form of Jacobi polynomials. This puts the TLM algorithm on a sounder mathematical and physical basis. The accuracy in solving the diffusion equation is investigated in general form and thus its astonishing efficiency explained. Several other basic questions of this numerical technique are also discussed.
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    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 6 (1993), S. 161-164 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
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    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A comparative study of two alternative networks for TLM modelling of diffusion processes has been undertaken. Some of their inherent advantages and disadvantages are analysed according to the ratio between the impedance of the lossless transmission lines and the lumped resistance. Their relative accuracy and utility in controlling the timestep automatically are examined.
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    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 6 (1993), S. 237-251 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: This paper describes a rigorous and systematic procedure to derive a non-linear distributed FET model that can easily be implemented in CAD routines of simulators based on harmonic balance techniques. The new model is derived from a knowledge of the conventional linear lumped equivalent circuit, from non-linear current sources extracted from pulsed measurements, and from the physical dimensions of the FET.For fundamental and harmonic frequencies, the FET is modelled by N identical cells. Each cell is made up of a non-linear two-port section inserted between two linear four-port sections that simulate the coupling and the distributed effects along the electrodes of the FET in the width direction only. This non-linear distributed scaling approach to FET modelling has been applied to the analysis of a submicrometre-gate GaAs FET at millimetre-wave frequencies, and the results were compared with the non-linear lumped element approach. This approach can be applied to other transistors used in non-linear regions at microwave and millimetre-wave frequencies.
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    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 6 (1993), S. 283-297 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A finite element method formulation is given for solving Schrodinger's wave equation for a single electron in a crystal lattice cell subject to a known periodic potential. The formulation has been implemented for a two-dimensional lattice, with an arbitrary potential profile, modelled by quadratic isoparametric elements, The FEM solver returns a specified number of electronic energy states, En, and nodal values of the complex wavefunctionψn Input data is generated by a standard FEM mesh generator. The postprocessing, given n, for reproducing a full 2-D E-k Brillouin diagram and given k, the electronic distribution, has been implemented. Tests on a 2-D generalized Kronig-Penney energy band model showed excellent agreement; between FEM results and analysis. The solver was further satisfactorily checked against published augmented plane wave calculations for a circular potential well within a square lattice. Specimen results are presented for the same circular well but with graded potential distributions and for a rectangular potential barrier set askew in a square lattice. Two-dimensional energy band solvers have application to superlattice nanostruc- tures, whilst a general, full 3-D FEM quantum solver seems feasible.
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    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 6 (1993), S. 299-304 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A major limitation of the transmission-line matrix (TLM) method used to solve Maxwell's equations is the long computation time required. The TLM scattering calculations involved can, however, be viewed as parallel in nature. This paper describes an effort to reduce computational time by using an SIMD, DAP multiprocessor computer employed to solve a two-dimensional TLM electromagnetic field formulation. A parallel algorithm based on the TLM scattering algorithm is designed and implemented using FORTRAN- PLUS Enhanced on an AMT DAP 510 machine. Here the connectivity of the DAP is exploited to simulate the intrinsic scattering behaviour on which the TLM algorithm relies. The results show that parallel processing on an SIMD machine such as the DAP is advantageous, especially for higher-order mesh sizes.
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    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 7 (1994), S. 35-41 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The eigenmodes in electromagnetic cavities, loaded with arbitrarily shaped dielectric materials, are computed by the edge element method. The computation shows that the well known ‘spurious modes’ no longer appear. Formulae are given and verified so that the number of zero eigenvalues, which come from ∇ × H = 0, may be accurately predicted. Formulae for the order and density of the global matrices are given for a rectangular cavity regularly divided into bricks and tetrahedra, allowing an associated comparison between the contrasting edge and nodal element formulations. Comparison of the computed results with available theoretical and previously published data show the edge element approach to be a robust, accurate and effective method.
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    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 7 (1994), S. 253-265 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A numerical frequence-domain modelling of two-terminal, non-linear microwave circuits is presented. It basically relies on a process allowing the solution of the frequency-domain curcuit harmonic balance equations while accounting for the semiconductor device by means of an accurate numerical macroscopic physical model. In its present state of development, the model allows the study of a single two-terminal device circuit operating in harmonic mode. Its capabilites are illustrated by means of the results of a study devoted to the optimization of the load curcuit configuration of a millimetre-wave avalanche diode frequency multiplier. The influence of the output load impedance level on the circuit output RF performance has been investigated for different input power levels in direct frequency multiplication mode and in the presence of additional circuit tunings at low harmonic rank idler frequencies.
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    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 7 (1994) 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
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    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 7 (1994), S. 309-319 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: This paper describes a rigorous and systematic procedure to derive a non-linear distributed FET model that an easily be implemented in CAD routines of simulators based on harmonic balance techniques. The new model is derived from a knowldge of the conventional linear lumped equivalent circuit, from non-linear current sources extracted with pulsed measurements, and from the physical dimensions of the FET.For fundamental and haromonic requencies, the FET is modelled by N identical cells. Each cell is made up of a non-linear two-port section inserted between two linear four-port sections that simulate the coupling and the distributed effects along the electrodes of the FET in the width direction only. This non-linear distributed scaling approach to FET modelling has been applied to the analysis of a submicrometre-gate GaAs FET at Millimetre-wave frequencies, and the results were compared to the non-linear lumped element approach. This approach can be applied to other transistors used in non-linear regions at microwave and millimetre-wave frequencies.
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    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 7 (1994), S. 375-375 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
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    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 7 (1994), S. ii 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
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    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 7 (1994), S. 399-405 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Symbolic computational systems introduce some unique features in computational engineering. There have been several papers published on the solution of differential equations under given boundary conditions by symbolic systems. The finite element formalism has received prime attention in the course of development of symbolic computation in engineering. The main idea has been to develop a symbolic FEM package to reduce the burden of manual algebra, eliminate errors introduced by numerical quadrature, and improve the efficiency of element generation.This work discusses a symbolic solution to electromagnetic linear antenna problems. The solution is a method of moments that transforms Pocklington's integral equation to a matrix equation. The symbolic system is used to produce (1) analytical integration, (2) the parametric expression for the input impedance and (3) computational code for forward and reverse problem of the input impedance.
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    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 7 (1994), S. 419-432 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: This paper presents a new finite element formulation in the Laplace domain for both diffusion and wave equations with applications in the field of electrical engineering. With the aid of congruence transformation of matrices, the finite element equations in the Laplace domain are solved and time-domain results can be obtained through the inverse Laplace transform. In a test problem, good agreement between the numerical results derived with the present method and the analytical solutions has been found. For applications in which only Dirichlet and Neumann boundary conditions are involved, this new finite element approach can be applied and provide both frequency-domain and time-domain results in one run without any timestepping scheme. The limitations of using the congruence transformation in solving propagation problems are also addressed in this paper.
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    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 7 (1994), S. 433-452 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A hybrid method obtained as a combination of the coupled-mode method (CMM) and the mode-matching method (MMM) is developed and applied in the analysis of multiple dielectric and magnetic discontinuities in rectangular waveguides. As both are moment methods, some kind of truncation has to be carried out in the computer implementation. It is shown that selection of a different number of modes in the two methods is not necessary, unless low-permittivity meida inside the waveguide are considered. As a consequence, the procedure for slecting the number of basis functions is only done in one of the methods. Numerical examples are presented showing the behaviour of the method and the proofs of convergence. Examples are included illustrating the power of this hybrid technique, especially in relation to non-reciprocal structures containing magnetized ferrites.
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    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 8 (1995), S. 51-60 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Simulators in power electronics are less developed than in other electronic fields. The main modelling methods are between the numerical simulation of semiconductor device equations that hardly simulate circuits, and equivalent circuit models that show poor accuracy. We propose the application of the bond graph techniques to model modular power semiconductor devices. Furthermore, the IGBT is a new power device which combines a bipolar transistor with a MOSFET transistor. We develop a new IGBT bond graph model. The bond graph techniques give us good primary simulation results. We present in this paper the principle and the results of this modelling method.
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    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 8 (1995), S. 357-366 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The Transmission line modelling (TLM) technique was used to simulate the class E power amplifier. An analytical method is also used to fix the required component values to ensure the desired output performance of the amplifier. An experiment was carried out to verify the simulation result of the combined method.
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    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 8 (1995), S. 381-381 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
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    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 8 (1995), S. 399-416 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A non-stationary longitudinal model of a thermal two-component plasma is investigated with numerical methods based on so-called high-resolution schemes. The inhomogeneous model system is solved numerically applying a splitting method, where the homogeneous conservation laws for the electrons and ions are approximated by explicit Godunov-type schemes. Coupling of both plasma components is achieved by the electric field, which is also calculated in an explicit manner after reformulating Coulomb's law. A new numerical method is proposed for the expansion of the plasma into the vacuum. This tracking method is based on the solution of the vacuum Riemann problem and avoids the difficulties of numerical approximation introduced by the vacuum where the longitudinal plasma model is not valid. This new approach of tracking resolves sharply the plasma vacuum interface and captures this boundary very well during the temporal evolution of the model system. Two test problems show the interplay, the quality and properties of the approximation methods applied.
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    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 8 (1995), S. 455-455 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
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    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 8 (1995), S. 447-454 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A novel procedure for synthesizing multilayered radar absorbing materials (RAMs) is presented. The procedure uses a method for global minimization of multimodal functions of continuous variables based on simulated annealing (SA). The technique is very flexible and reliable, allowing the design of absorbing materials for any grazing or normal angles over the specified frequency bandwidth. The technique is particularly suitable for the efficient design of broadband RAMs and hence for EMC applications.
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    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 8 (1995), S. 187-203 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: This document describes the background and motivation behind the PEPSE project. It describes separately the components which make up PEPSE, the parallel design philosophy and aspects of parallel implementation.
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    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 8 (1995), S. 243-248 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Two separate exercises on a similar theme are reported. In the first, the moment-method program NEC was extensively modified in order to optimize its performance on a four-processor Cray X-MP computer. In the second exercise, the MININEC moment-method program was completely rewritten into the occam programming language so that it could be executed directly by a transputer system. The NEC exercise exploited judicious use of vectorization and alternative parallelization techniques and achieved a reduction of run times by factors of about five or more. The MININEC exercise has so far achieved only a modest reduction in run-time but it has the potential for a much greater improvement if an optimum strategy for configuring the transputer network is implemented.
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    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 8 (1995), S. 277-281 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A parallel implementation of the finite difference time-domain algorithm for the analysis of planar microwave circuits is presented in this paper. For this the FDTD mesh is divided in equal-sized subspaces. Every processor of the parallel computer calculates the field in one subspace. Furthermore detailed efficiency investigations are made to predict the timing performance of the parallel FDTD simulator.
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    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 8 (1995), S. 293-299 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: In this paper a parallel algorithm is created for solving electromagnetic wave scattering problems. The algorithm based on the finite difference time-domain (FDTD) representation of the Maxwell's equations written in 3L Parallel Fortran for use on a transputer array.The problem simulated consists of a space (air) where a spherical dielectric scatterer is located. This space is subdivided into fine equisize meshes extending throughout the 3-D domain; the excitation wave is of sinusoidal form. Geometric decomposition is used as the principal algorithm strategy.Results are presented for the performance of the classical sequential algorithm and compared with the parallel algorithm in terms of computational speed-up.
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  • 78
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    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 9 (1996), S. 181-190 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: This paper develops an electrical analogue for a gearbox suitable for use in the time-domain modelling of many electromechanical systems, with tensor methods being used to define the changing conditions in the gearbox brought about by backlash. Unlike most existing models it is compatible with the time-varying and discontinuous models often used to describe the electrical items of a typical system, and it allows for the effects of these items of mechanical non-linearities and discontinuities such as friction and backlash.
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    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 9 (1996), S. 271-294 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Recently, a new method has been presented for the discrete simulation of multidimensional systems, which are described by linear partial differential equations with constant coefficients. It is based on methods customary in linear systems theory and digital signal processing and uses a frequency-domain representation of the continuous system to be simulated. A proper choice of functional transformations for each independent variable allows us to treat the influence of initial conditions, boundary conditions and excitation functions separately by suitable transfer functions. From these, corresponding discrete transfer functions and the structure of a discrete system for the simulation of the continuous problem are derived. The application of this method to wave propagation problems on uniform transmission lines is presented here. At first, the continuous problem is characterized by transfer functions; then the derivation of a discrete system is shown, and finally, some simulation results and a comparison with other methods are given.
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    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 9 (1996), S. 325-325 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
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    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 9 (1996), S. 335-344 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The first part of the paper presents the implementation and performance of a new absorbing boundary condition (ABC) for truncating finite element meshes. This ABC can be applied conformally to the surface of the structure for scattering and antenna radiation calculations. Consequently, the computational domain is reduced dramatically, thus allowing the simulation of much larger structures, and results are presented for three-dimensional bodies. The latter part of the paper discusses optimization issues relating to the solver's CPU speed on parallel and vector processors. It is shown that a jagged diagonal storage scheme leads to a four-fold increase in the FLOP rate of the code, and a standard matrix profile reduction algorithm substantially reduces the inter-processor communication.
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    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 9 (1996) 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 9 (1996), S. 405-415 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: An improved combined fine-coarse mesh (CFCM) method for two transmission line models of diffusion is described. The method allows regular cells of different sizes to be connected and solved simultaneously. The CFCM method is applied to (a) a finite difference algorithm, (b) a conventional transmission line model and (c) a lossy transmission line model. The latter model is shown to be the most accurate. The proposed CFCM method is also compared with the graded mesh and the multigrid techniques.
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    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 9 (1996), S. 445-457 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The paper reviews some discrete probabilistic numerical techniques with particular emphasis on heat flow in inhomogeneous materials. The effects of different nodal configurations on the development of suitable algorithms are outlined and we suggest a new and consistent description for the discrete apparent effusivity. Our approach is then discussed in the context of TLM, and analogues are presented for flux relaxation time and effusivity.
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    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 9 (1996), S. 459-461 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: We show that the general boundary condition D∂Φ/∂x + αΦ = 0 (D is the diffusion coefficient and α is a constant) in TLM diffusion modelling can be expressed accurately in terms of a voltage reflection coefficient ρ = (Δx - αΔt)/(Δx + αΔt), where Δx is the spatial resolution and Δt is the time step. Based on this general expression, the special cases of short-circuit (ρ = -1), open-circuit (ρ = 1) and matched-load (ρ = 0) boundaries can be described succinctly by α → ∞, α → 0 and α = Δx/Δt, respectively. This formulation allows for straightforward treatment of mixed boundary conditions found, for example, in diffusion-drift systems.
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    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 9 (1996), S. 45-57 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The paper gives an overview on mathematical optimization techniques specially suited to problems in electromagnetism. It is described how efficient optimization procedures consist of decision making, treatment of non-linear constraints, and an algorithm for minimizing the objective function. The optimization of a rectangular waveguide branching, a permanent magnet synchronous machine, and the iron cross-section of a superconducting magnet are given as examples. Optimization routines are used for the tracing of manufacturing errors in the production of superconducting coils. Finally the application of a genetic algorithm to a dipole coil design is discussed as an example for field synthesis.
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    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 9 (1996), S. 81-98 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The vector and scalar variables describing electromagnetic fields with different requirements of continuity can be identified to four different degrees of differential forms. The association of differential forms with finite elements leads to a set of differential forms based elements (Whitney elements); they are naturally adapted to the discretization of different vector and scalar variables. With the help of a Tonti diagram, Maxwell equations can be classified by two dual sequences together with the constitutive laws of materials. The application of Whitney elements to the two dual sequences leads to two dual approximation schemes. As an example, two dual formulations for eddy current computation using potential variables and the hybrid finite element - boundary element method are derived, where Whitney 3-D and 2-D elements are employed. A numerical application is given at the end of the paper, where the dual features of the two formulations are reported.
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    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 9 (1996), S. 125-143 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The paper proposes an iterative procedure, called current iteration, for the finite element solution of two-dimensional steady-state skin effect problems in open boundaries. In the procedure a fictitious boundary is introduced enclosing all the conductors. On it, the magnetic vector potential is first guessed and then iteratively updated according to the current density computed in the conductors. Conditions are obtained implying convergence to the exact solution of the unbounded problem whatever the initial guess. The choice of the fictitious boundary and the selection of the relaxation parameter in such a way that computational efficiency is obtained are discussed. The greatest advantage of the procedure is its ease of implementation in a pre-existing finite element code for bounded problems. An axisymmetric version of the procedure is also described since implementation only involves minor changes as compared with the 2-D one. Examples are provided in order to clarify and validate the procedure and compare it with other techniques.
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    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 9 (1996), S. 145-158 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: For the interpretation of human neuromagnetic data it is necessary to compute the magnetic field of a source (e.g. a dipole) in a volume conductor (e.g. a homogeneous conducting sphere or a homogeneous head model). The Multiple Multipole (MMP) method, which is a semianalytical field calculation method, is applied to neuromagnetic field calculation for the first time. The unique feature of the MMP method is that multipole expansions are used for the description of the electromagnetic field. First a validation of the MMP method is done with the help of a spherical model and an analytical solution. Then the MMP method is applied to a realistically shaped one compartment head model. The results are compared to results obtained with the Boundary Element Method (BEM). The results suggest that it is possible to solve the neuromagnetic forward problem faster with the help of the MMP method than with the conventional numerical field calculation methods for realistic shaped volume conductor models. Further investigations are necessary to tackle the inverse problem of biomagnetism with the MMP method.
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    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 10 (1997), S. 1-1 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: No Abstract
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    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 10 (1997), S. 83-99 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A numerical method is used to solve the integro-differential generalized telegraphists' equations for the total (single and multiple) diffusely scattered radiation wave amplitudes. These equations were derived using a full wave approach. The singularities of the scattering coefficients are removed on integrating by parts. A stationary phase approximation is used to obtain the far fields. The numerical solutions are obtained for one-dimensional deterministic surfaces. The numerical results for the total (single and multiple) diffusely scattered fields are in good agreement with the earlier single scatter analytical results when the maximum surface slope is less than 30 degrees. The earlier single scatter analytical solutions are based on the assumption that the total field impressed upon a rough surface is associated with the incident field only. This assumption is not made for the evaluation of the numerical results presented here. The earlier analytical results are in total agreement with the small perturbation results when the rough surface height and slopes are of the same order of smallness. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 10 (1997), S. 153-167 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A generalized modal scattering matrix formulation is presented for the calculation of discontinuity-distorted waveguide multiport junctions. Unlike common approaches based on three-plane mode-matching techniques, and modifications thereof, which calculate only the fundamental-mode scattering matrix, this algorithm computes the generalized modal scattering matrix of the junction. Therefore, the method allows the computation of components in which other structures are connected as closely as possible to the discontinuity-distorted junction as follows directly from the rigorous incorporation of all higher-order mode interactions. The method is demonstrated at three selected examples: the waveguide corner, the T-junction power divider and the orthomode transducer. Comparison with results obtained by other numerical techniques or measurements available from the literature are found to be in good agreement. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 10 (1997), S. 205-207 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A hybrid representation formulation approach is presented. It avoids some numerical inconveniences and was successfully used as an intermediate step to obtain the differential algebraic equations of PWL modelled VLSI circuits. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 10 (1997), S. 193-204 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: An analysis of arbitrary thin-wire loop antennas and scatterers using periodic orthogonal wavelets is presented. The periodic orthogonal wavelet expansion is applied to solve the thin-wire version of the electric-field integral equation (EFIE). The curved solution domains are mapped into the definition domain [0, 1] of the periodic wavelets. The unknown current over each loop wire is expanded in terms of a basis derived from a periodic orthogonal wavelet through the maps between the curved integration domains and the interval [0,1]. The integral equation under study is converted into a sparse matrix equation by this technique. Numerical examples are provided for a variety of thin-wire loop antennas and scatterers. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 10 (1997), S. 231-243 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The suitability of the transmission line modelling method for studying field-particle interaction devices is assessed through an example of a simple two-cavity klystron amplifier. Two separate numerical studies are presented, covering both beam bunching in the buncher cavity and field generation in the catcher cavity. Also addressed are the possibility of modelling the effect of the finite thickness of the cavity wall and beam coupling. The modelling of these practical aspects has not only resulted in some important insights into the field-particle interaction problem, but also demonstrated that the computer code developed is a powerful and versatile design tool. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 10 (1997), S. 217-229 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: We present an analysis of thin microstrip superconducting structures in which the effects of the superconducting material, of finite complex conductivity and finite thickness, are taken into account through the concept of sheet impedance coupled with an extension of the Spectral Domain Immittance Approach. The effect of the magnetic field on the penetration depth in the superconductor is included by solving the Ginzburg-Landau equations within the thin-film approximation (t/λ0 ≪ 1). The state of the material is determined self-consistently in such a way that when the critical field is exceeded, the material systematically shifts from the superconducting to the normal state. Special attention is paid to the behaviour of the system in the neighbourhood of the critical temperature, T/Tc ≃ 1. We report that, in some cases, the propagation constant of a superconducting microstrip line attains a maximum when the real and imaginary parts of the conductivity are approximately equal. Numerical results for a microstrip line and a patch resonator are presented and compared with available data to document the validity of the approach. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 10 (1997), S. 371-371 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: No Abstract
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    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 9 (1996), S. 201-214 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Charged particle motion is incorporated within a transmission line modelling (TLM) field code to establish a new model which allows the investigation of field-particle interactions. The model is validated by using it to predict the trajectory of moving particles and the field and potential distributions inside a planar diode for which analytical solutions are available. The effect of space charge on the operation of the diode is also investigated. The model is then applied to study in detail a practical electron gun design.
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    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 9 (1996) 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
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    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 9 (1996), S. 237-248 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A spectral estimation technique based on Prony's method has been used to analyse a five section microstrip interdigital filter with the TLM method. The time response of the filter is expressed as the sum of only five damped sinusoids, yielding an analytical expression for the time response. Furthermore, since an analytical Fourier transform exists for this expression, the frequency response is obtained without applying the fast Fourier or discrete Fourier transform. This typically reduces the time required for a TLM analysis by a factor of five. The approximation agrees very well with a full TLM time response. It is also shown that the numerical noise due to single precision computation of the absorbing boundary algorithm can be eliminated by digital filtering techniques. The effect of the via holes used for grounding the quarter-wave resonators of the filter has been included by discretizing them along with the rest of the circuit. Scattering parameters for the filter compare well with measurements published by Swanson.
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