ALBERT

All Library Books, journals and Electronic Records Telegrafenberg

X
feed icon rss

Your email was sent successfully. Check your inbox.

An error occurred while sending the email. Please try again.

Proceed reservation?

Export
Filter
  • Articles  (12,746)
  • MDPI  (6,217)
  • Oxford University Press  (4,934)
  • Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) ; American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)  (1,595)
  • Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology  (12,746)
Collection
Source
Publisher
Years
Journal
Topic
  • 1
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Cover Page (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-08-09
    Print ISSN: 0022-0744
    Electronic ISSN: 1477-9986
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Japanese Electron Microscopy Society.
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 2
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Subscription Page (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-08-09
    Print ISSN: 0022-0744
    Electronic ISSN: 1477-9986
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Japanese Electron Microscopy Society.
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 3
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Recent advancements in structured-illumination microscopy toward live-cell imaging (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-08-09
    Description: Fluorescence microscopy allows us to observe fluorescently labeled molecules in diverse biological processes and organelle structures within living cells. However, the diffraction limit restricts its spatial resolution to about half of its wavelength, limiting the capability of biological observation at the molecular level. Structured-illumination microscopy (SIM), a type of super-resolution microscopy, doubles the spatial resolution in all three dimensions by illuminating the sample with a patterned excitation light, followed by computer reconstruction. SIM uses a relatively low illumination power compared with other methods of super-resolution microscopy and is easily available for multicolor imaging. SIM has great potential for meeting the requirements of live-cell imaging. Recent developments in diverse types of SIM have achieved higher spatial (~50 nm lateral) and temporal (~100 Hz) resolutions. Here, we review recent advancements in SIM and discuss its application in noninvasive live-cell imaging.
    Print ISSN: 0022-0744
    Electronic ISSN: 1477-9986
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Japanese Electron Microscopy Society.
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 4
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    STED microscopy--super-resolution bio-imaging utilizing a stimulated emission depletion (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-08-09
    Description: One of the most popular super-resolution microscopies that breaks the diffraction barrier is stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy. As the optical set-up of STED microscopy is based on a laser scanning microscopy (LSM) system, it potentially has several merits of LSM like confocal or two-photon excitation LSM. In this article, we first describe the principles of STED microscopy and then describe the features of our newly developed two-photon excitation STED microscopy. On the basis of our recent results and those of other researchers, we conclude by discussing future research and new technologies in this field.
    Print ISSN: 0022-0744
    Electronic ISSN: 1477-9986
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Japanese Electron Microscopy Society.
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 5
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    For Microscopy special feature on 'super resolution microscopy' (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-08-09
    Print ISSN: 0022-0744
    Electronic ISSN: 1477-9986
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Japanese Electron Microscopy Society.
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 6
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Ultrathin sectioning with DUV-pulsed laser ablation: development of a laser ablation nano tome (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-08-09
    Description: The electrically automated ultrathin sectioning apparatus, which has been developed in recent years, can produce consecutive ultrathin sections with a diamond knife and a gallium ion beam. These newly developed apparatuses, however, have several shortcomings, such as the limited block cutting area, thermal damage to the sample by the focused ion beam and a sample electronic charge. To overcome these faults and for easier scanning electron microscopy three-dimensional fine structural reconstruction, we have developed a new cutting method using a deep ultraviolet laser, which we have named the ‘LANTome (Light Ablation Nanotome)’. Using this method, we confirmed the widening of sectioning areas, shortening of the sectioning time, automatic smoothing of rough surfaces, no sample electronic charge and minimal heat effects on the sample tissue, such as thermal denaturation.
    Print ISSN: 0022-0744
    Electronic ISSN: 1477-9986
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Japanese Electron Microscopy Society.
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 7
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    A guide to use photocontrollable fluorescent proteins and synthetic smart fluorophores for nanoscopy (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-08-09
    Description: Recent advances in nanoscopy, which breaks the diffraction barrier and can visualize structures smaller than the diffraction limit in cells, have encouraged biologists to investigate cellular processes at molecular resolution. Since nanoscopy depends not only on special optics but also on ‘smart’ photophysical properties of photocontrollable fluorescent probes, including photoactivatability, photoswitchability and repeated blinking, it is important for biologists to understand the advantages and disadvantages of fluorescent probes and to choose appropriate ones for their specific requirements. Here, we summarize the characteristics of currently available fluorescent probes based on both proteins and synthetic compounds applicable to nanoscopy and provide a guideline for selecting optimal probes for specific applications.
    Print ISSN: 0022-0744
    Electronic ISSN: 1477-9986
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Japanese Electron Microscopy Society.
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 8
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Aberrations and adaptive optics in super-resolution microscopy (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-08-09
    Description: As one of the most powerful tools in the biological investigation of cellular structures and dynamic processes, fluorescence microscopy has undergone extraordinary developments in the past decades. The advent of super-resolution techniques has enabled fluorescence microscopy – or rather nanoscopy – to achieve nanoscale resolution in living specimens and unravelled the interior of cells with unprecedented detail. The methods employed in this expanding field of microscopy, however, are especially prone to the detrimental effects of optical aberrations. In this review, we discuss how super-resolution microscopy techniques based upon single-molecule switching, stimulated emission depletion and structured illumination each suffer from aberrations in different ways that are dependent upon intrinsic technical aspects. We discuss the use of adaptive optics as an effective means to overcome this problem.
    Print ISSN: 0022-0744
    Electronic ISSN: 1477-9986
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Japanese Electron Microscopy Society.
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 9
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Enhanced Performance of Li-Ion Batteries via Modified Reference Governors and Electrochemical Models (2015)
    Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) ; American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-08-07
    Description: This paper examines reference governor (RG) methods for satisfying state constraints in Li-ion batteries. Mathematically, these constraints are formulated from a first principles electrochemical model. Consequently, the constraints explicitly model specific degradation mechanisms, such as lithium plating, lithium depletion, and overheating. This contrasts with the present paradigm of limiting measured voltage, current, and/or temperature. The critical challenges, however, are that: 1) the electrochemical states evolve according to a system of nonlinear partial differential equations, and 2) the states are not physically measurable. Assuming available state and parameter estimates, this paper develops RGs for electrochemical battery models. The results demonstrate how electrochemical model state information can be utilized to ensure safe operation, while simultaneously enhancing energy capacity, power, and charge speeds in Li-ion batteries.
    Print ISSN: 1083-4435
    Electronic ISSN: 1941-014X
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Published by Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) ; American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 10
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Suitability of Small-Scale Magnetorheological Fluid-Based Clutches in Haptic Interfaces for Improved Performance (2015)
    Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) ; American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-08-07
    Description: Haptic information provides important cues in teleoperated systems. It enables the user to feel the interaction with a remote or virtual environment during teleoperation. The two main objectives in designing a haptic interface are stability and transparency. An actuator with poor dynamics, high inertia, large size, and heavy weight can significantly undermine these goals. In this article, the potential benefits of magnetorheological fluid (MRF)-based actuators to the field of haptics are discussed. Devices developed with such fluids are known to possess superior mechanical characteristics over conventional servo systems. These characteristics significantly contribute to improved stability and transparency of haptic devices. In this study, this idea is evaluated from both theoretical and experimental points of view. First, the properties of such actuators which motivated this research are discussed. Next, two single degree-of-freedom (DOF) haptic interfaces, one with an MRF-based clutch and the other with a brushless DC motor, are compared in a virtual wall experiment in order to show the superiority of the MRF-based clutch. In addition, the design of a small-scale MRF-based clutch, suitable for a multi-DOF haptic interface, is discussed and its torque capacity, inertia, and mass are compared with conventional servo systems. Conclusions drawn from this investigation indicate that MRF-based actuation approaches can indeed be developed to design haptic interfaces with improved stability and transparency.
    Print ISSN: 1083-4435
    Electronic ISSN: 1941-014X
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Published by Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) ; American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 11
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    θ- D Approximation Technique for Nonlinear Optimal Speed Control Design of Surface-Mounted PMSM Drives (2015)
    Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) ; American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-08-07
    Description: This paper proposes nonlinear optimal controller and observer schemes based on a θ- D approximation approach for surface-mounted permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs). By applying the θ- D method in both the controller and observer designs, the unsolvable Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman equations are switched to an algebraic Riccati equation and state-dependent Lyapunov equations (SDLEs). Then, through selecting the suitable coefficient matrices, the SDLEs become algebraic, so the complex matrix operation technique, i.e., the Kronecker product applied in the previous papers to solve the SDLEs is eliminated. Moreover, the proposed technique not only solves the problem of controlling the large initial states, but also avoids the excessive online computations. By utilizing a more accurate approximation method, the proposed control system achieves superior control performance (e.g., faster transient response, more robustness under the parameter uncertainties and load torque variations) compared to the state-dependent Riccati equation-based control method and conventional PI control method. The proposed observer-based control methodology is tested with an experimental setup of a PMSM servo drive using a Texas Instruments TMS320F28335 DSP. Finally, the experimental results are shown for proving the effectiveness of the proposed control approach.
    Print ISSN: 1083-4435
    Electronic ISSN: 1941-014X
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Published by Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) ; American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 12
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    A Low-Cost Real-Time Research Platform for EMG Pattern Recognition-Based Prosthetic Hand (2015)
    Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) ; American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-08-07
    Description: The focus of this paper is the development of a low-cost research platform for a surface electromyogram (EMG)-based prosthetic hand control to evaluate various pattern recognition techniques and to study the real-time implementation. This comprehensible research platform may enlighten the biomedical research in developing countries for analyzing and evaluating the surface EMG signals. Major challenges in this work were as follows: the design and development of an EMG signal conditioning module, a pattern recognition module, and a prosthetic hand at low cost. Besides, EMG pattern recognition techniques were evaluated for identifying six hand motions in offline with signals acquired from ten healthy subjects and two transradial amputees. Features calculated from EMG signals were grouped into six ensembles to apprehend the vitality of the ensemble in classifiers namely simple logistic regression (SLR), J48 algorithm for decision tree, logistic model tree, neural network, linear discriminant analysis, and support vector machine. The classification performance was also evaluated with the prolonged EMG data recorded on a day at every 1 h interval to study the robustness of the classifier. The results show the average classification accuracy, processing time and memory requirement of the SLR was found to be better and robust with time-domain features consisting of statistical as well as autoregression coefficients. The statistical analysis of variance test also showed that computation time and memory space required for SLR were significantly less compared to the other classifiers. The performance of the classifier was tested in online with transradial amputee for actuation of prosthetic hand for two intended motions with a TMS320F28335 controller. This proposed research platform for evaluation of EMG pattern recognition and real-time implementation has been achieved at a cost of 25 000 Indian rupee (INR).
    Print ISSN: 1083-4435
    Electronic ISSN: 1941-014X
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Published by Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) ; American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 13
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    An Automated Traction Measurement Platform and Empirical Model for Evaluation of Rolling Micropatterned Wheels (2015)
    Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) ; American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-08-07
    Description: Colonoscopy is the leading preventative procedure for colorectal cancer. The traditional tool used for this procedure is an endoscope, which can cause patient discomfort, pain and fear of the procedure. There has been a movement to develop a robotic capsule colonoscope (RCC) in an attempt to mitigate these drawbacks and increase procedure popularity. An RCC is a capsule robot that propels itself through the colon as opposed to being pushed, like a traditional endoscope. In this study, an overview of an in vivo RCC is given, followed by the introduction of a mobility method for an RCC using micropatterned polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). The design of a three degree-of-freedom automated traction measurement (ATM) platform for quantitative evaluation of the mobility method is presented. An empirical model for traction force as a function of slip ratio, robot speed, and weight for micropatterned PDMS on synthetic tissue is developed using data collected from the ATM platform. The model is then used to predict traction force at different slip ratios, speeds, and weights, and is verified experimentally. The average normalized root-mean-square error (NRMSE) between the empirical model and the data used to develop the model is 1.1% (min 0.0024%, max 4.2%). The average NRMSE between the traction force predicted by the model and the data used to verify the prediction is 1.8% (min 0.020%, max 8.6%). Understanding how model parameters influence tread performance will improve future RCC mobility systems and aid in the development of analytical models, leading to more optimal designs.
    Print ISSN: 1083-4435
    Electronic ISSN: 1941-014X
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Published by Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) ; American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 14
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Magnetic Characterization of Actuators for an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (2015)
    Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) ; American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-08-07
    Description: A dipole equivalent modeling approach and experimental results, for relatively small magnetic sources such as servomotors, are presented. Two modeling schemes, viz. the dual permanent magnetic dipole (DuPMaD) and the permanent magnetic dipole (PMaD), are proposed. PMaD assumes only one equivalent magnetic dipole within the physical dimension of the source component, whereas DuPMaD employs a second magnetic dipole with a view to characterize the field more accurately. The equivalent dipole moment vectors and their positions are estimated via fitting experimental data collected on three orthogonal planes around the specimen. Results show good agreements between the model outputs and the experimental data, with both the DuPMaD and the PMaD schemes performing closely in terms of modeling accuracy. Such models may be used to estimate and minimize magnetic interference in various applications such as in geomagnetic surveying using unmanned aerial vehicles considered in this paper.
    Print ISSN: 1083-4435
    Electronic ISSN: 1941-014X
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Published by Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) ; American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 15
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Proxy-Based Sliding-Mode Tracking Control of Piezoelectric-Actuated Nanopositioning Stages (2015)
    Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) ; American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-08-07
    Description: In this paper, a proxy-based sliding-mode control (PBSMC) approach is proposed for robust tracking control of a piezoelectric-actuated nanopositioning stage composed of piezoelectric stack actuators and compliant flexure mechanisms. The essential feature of the PBSMC approach is the introduction of a virtual coupling proxy, which is controlled by the sliding-mode controller (SMC) to track the desired position. Simultaneously, due to the virtual coupling, a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller on the other side of the proxy ensures the position of the end-effector of the stage to follow the position of the proxy. Therefore, the PBSMC guarantees the end-effector to track the desired trajectory. The advantages of the developed PBSMC lie in the facts that 1) the discontinuous signum function in the traditional SMC is omitted without any approximation. Hence, the output of the PBSMC is continuous, which does not suffer from the chattering phenomenon; and 2) the PBSMC laws are developed without having the necessity to include the nominal system model, hysteresis model or the state observer. Hence, the PBSMC provides a novel effective yet simple control method, which permits to avoid the lack of performances from PID and the chattering from SMC, and permits to combine the advantages from them. The stability of the closed-loop control system is proved through Lyapunov analysis. Finally, comparative studies are performed on a custom-built piezo-actuated stage. Experimental results show that the tracking errors of the PBCM are reduced by 74.22%, as compared to the traditional PID controller, with the desired sinusoidal trajectory under the 50-Hz input frequency, which clearly demonstrates the superior tracking performance of the PBSMC.
    Print ISSN: 1083-4435
    Electronic ISSN: 1941-014X
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Published by Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) ; American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 16
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Analysis and Design of a Reconfigurable 3-DoF Parallel Manipulator for Multimodal Tasks (2015)
    Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) ; American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-08-07
    Description: This paper presents the design of a reconfigurable 3-DoF parallel kinematics manipulator. The main feature of the device is the ability to change the mobility of its moving platform from pure translation to pure rotation. The manipulator kinematics is conceived so that, when a particular configuration of the manipulator is reached, the transition between the two working modes is possible by changing the configuration of a metamorphic universal joint, which is used to connect the legs of the manipulator with the moving platform. The mechanical design of the joint, which is in fact a lockable spherical joint, is illustrated. With the joint integrated into the robot architecture, an instantaneous overconstrained kinematics is exploited to manage the phase of reconfiguration of the whole mechatronic device. A kineto-static analysis provides information about the influence of geometric parameters on its functional design. The manipulator shows simple kinematics and statics models, as well as good kinematic and static performances. Eventually, the versatility of the manipulator is shown by proposing some advanced manufacturing applications in which it could find use.
    Print ISSN: 1083-4435
    Electronic ISSN: 1941-014X
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Published by Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) ; American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 17
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Driver Steering Override for Lane-Keeping Aid Using Computer-Aided Engineering (2015)
    Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) ; American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-08-07
    Description: The decreasing cost of radar and camera sensory technology has established advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) to the standard equipment of modern vehicles. ADAS employ semi-autonomous interventions in longitudinal (e.g., adaptive cruise control, ACC) and lateral (e.g., lane-keeping aid, LKA) direction. ACC and LKA constitute the milestones of ADAS technology and have shown to correspondingly reduce driving effort and unintended lane-drifts. ADAS and driver share the vehicle control; this in-turn creates a nonfinite number of test cases that have to be tested-verified so-as to enable safe software (SW) release. Adjacent to ADAS, vehicle dynamics-related systems, such as the antilock braking system and the dynamic-stability and traction control, have also to undergo through an exhaustive SW verification. Distilling the previous statements, this paper cultivates the concept of virtual SW verification by evaluating Volvo's production and a concept driver steering override (DSO) for LKA systems. The DSO concept addresses the driver's interaction with the LKA system and adapts the intervention level. The driver's activation is quantified though the steering torque and road/vehicle information. Two different test-runs per DSO strategy are presented and the real-car (physical) testing results are reproduced in simulation. Both the real and postprocessed simulation results show: 1) the importance of the override strategy on the LKA benefits; and 2) the importance of computer-aided engineering for studying/designing ADAS.
    Print ISSN: 1083-4435
    Electronic ISSN: 1941-014X
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Published by Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) ; American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 18
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Functional and Cost-Based Automatic Generator for Hybrid Vehicles Topologies (2015)
    Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) ; American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-08-07
    Description: The energy efficiency of a hybrid electric vehicle is dictated by the topology (coupling option of power sources/sinks), choice (technology), and control of components. The first design area among these, the topology, has the biggest flexibility of them all, yet, so far in the literature, the topology design is limited investigated due to its high complexity. In practice, a predefined small set of topologies is used to optimize their energy efficiency by varying the power specifications of the main components (sizing). By doing so, the complete design of the vehicle is, inherently and to a certain extent, suboptimal. Moreover, various complex topologies appear on the automotive market and no tool exists to optimally choose or evaluate them. To overcome this design limitation, in this paper, a novel framework is presented that deals with the automatic generation of possible topologies given a set of components (e.g., engine, electric machine, batteries, or transmission elements). This paper uses a platform (library of components) and a hybrid knowledge base (functional and cost-based principles) to set up a constraint logic programming problem, and outputs a set of feasible topologies for hybrid electric vehicles. These are all possible topologies that could be built considering a fixed, yet large, set of components. Then, by using these results, insights are given on what construction principles are mostly critical for simulations time, and what topologies could be selected as candidate topologies for sizing and control studies. Such a framework can be used for any powertrain application; it can offer the topologies to be investigated in the design phase and can provide insightful results for optimal design analyses.
    Print ISSN: 1083-4435
    Electronic ISSN: 1941-014X
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Published by Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) ; American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 19
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Accurate Dynamic Modeling of Helical Ionic Polymer-Metal Composite Actuator Based on Intrinsic Equations (2015)
    Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) ; American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-08-07
    Description: This paper presents dynamic modeling of an innovative contractible ionic polymer-metal composites (IPMC) actuator with a helical configuration. The helical shaped IPMC actuator is fabricated through the thermal treatment of an IPMC strip, which is helically coiled on a glass rod. This type of a soft actuator can be used to realize not only bending motion but also torsional and longitudinal motion. For the first time, an explicit analytical expression is developed for the computation of mode shapes and dynamic responses of a helical IPMC actuator based on the intrinsic equations of the naturally curved and twisted beam. The numerical transfer-matrix method is used to solve the systems of 12 linear ordinary differential equations with boundary conditions. In particular, the effect of the structural parameters on the performance of the helical IPMC actuator is evaluated, using experimental results and an analytical model. The validation of the proposed model is achieved through comparison with computational results using a commercial finite-element (FE) program as well as experimental results. The present experimental and theoretical results show that diameter, among the structural parameters, plays an important role in the actuation performance of a helical IPMC actuator. The proposed modeling is general and can also be used in solving other cylindrical or noncylindrical helical IPMC actuators with different cross-sectional shapes as well as various end conditions.
    Print ISSN: 1083-4435
    Electronic ISSN: 1941-014X
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Published by Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) ; American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 20
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    GA-Optimized Fuzzy-Feedforward-Bias Control of Motion by a Rugged Electrohydraulic System (2015)
    Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) ; American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-08-07
    Description: An electrohydraulic system with a proportional valve and industry-grade cylinder has been used to target the servoclass tracking performance. Such systems have a wide range of heavy-duty applications, where the environment could be quite dirty along with the demands becoming faster and more precise every day. High static friction in the cylinder and large deadband of the valve in the system pose control challenges that are more severe than in a system with a servovalve and a low-friction cylinder. A fuzzy-feedforward-bias controller has been developed and a genetic algorithm has been used to optimize the controller parameters. The real-time control experiments revealed excellent tracking throughout the cycle for sinusoidal displacements beyond 1.5 Hz.
    Print ISSN: 1083-4435
    Electronic ISSN: 1941-014X
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Published by Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) ; American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 21
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Design and Control of a Biomimetic Robotic Rat for Interaction With Laboratory Rats (2015)
    Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) ; American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-08-07
    Description: In this paper, we describe the system design and control of a miniature robotic rat, WR-5, which is intended to interact with laboratory rats. WR-5 can perform rearing, mounting, rotating, and body-grooming actions as naturally as live mature rats because of its multilink structure. Experimental results confirm that WR-5 can stimulate stressing fear in rats by performing a mounting action, which shows remarkable progress when compared with the previous generation of these robots. Additionally, a virtual impedance model-based control method is used to generate both posture and trajectory for WR-5. The results of simulations and following tests with real rats show that WR-5 can adjust its head and body positioning to follow a target rat in real time. The control system simultaneously allows real-time avoidance of moving outside observers during the following test. Additionally, based on interaction with multiple rats, we conclude that the robotic rat shows great promise for manipulation of the sociality of rats.
    Print ISSN: 1083-4435
    Electronic ISSN: 1941-014X
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Published by Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) ; American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 22
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Hybrid Positive Feedback Control for Active Vibration Attenuation of Flexible Structures (2015)
    Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) ; American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-08-07
    Description: A new controller is introduced in this paper as a novel method for active vibration suppression in flexible structures. The hybrid positive feedback (HPF) uses a second- and a first-order compensator that are fed by the displacement and velocity feedbacks, respectively. Parallel pairs of the HPF controller are implemented when suppression in multimode condition is issued. Since the controller uses two gains for each pair of the actuator/sensor patch for each mode, a suitable gain optimization method has to be used to ensure the optimum performance. To this end, ${cal H}_2$ and ${cal H}_{infty}$ optimization approaches are utilized. For validation purposes, the controller is verified numerically and experimentally for vibration control of a cantilever beam. System identification is performed, then closed-loop system responses to simultaneous multimode and swept frequency excitations are obtained. According to the results, the HPF controller has a superior performance compared to the conventional method of positive position feedback. Vibration displacement amplitudes were reduced by more than 85% relative to the uncontrolled state. The best performance was achieved by the ${cal H}_2$ -optimized HPF, as the net value for vibration displacement amplitude reduction in the multimode condition was 90% of the uncontrolled amplitude.
    Print ISSN: 1083-4435
    Electronic ISSN: 1941-014X
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Published by Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) ; American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 23
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Nonlinear Adaptive Output-Feedback Controller Design for Guidance of Flexible Needles (2015)
    Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) ; American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-08-07
    Description: In this paper, a control methodology is proposed for guiding and stabilizing flexible bevel-tip needles to an arbitrary planar slice. The proposed controller is an adaptive version of the previously proposed nonlinear output feedback controller, which was built upon the well-known nonholonomic kinematic model of needle steering. On the grounds that such a model is subject to parametric uncertainty, an adaptive controller is necessary for adjusting the model parameters. In addition, a nonlinear observer is required due to the existence of some unmeasurable state variables. Although the original form of the studied system is linearly parameterized, its canonical form is not, preventing the application of conventional adaptive control schemes. In this paper, a nonlinear adaptive control methodology is proposed and applied to the guidance problem of steerable needles. Through simulation results, it is illustrated that the proposed methodology greatly outperforms the existing feedback linearization-based approach.
    Print ISSN: 1083-4435
    Electronic ISSN: 1941-014X
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Published by Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) ; American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 24
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Single-Track Vehicle Dynamics Control: State of the Art and Perspective (2015)
    Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) ; American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-08-07
    Description: The reduction of hardware costs and the availability of smaller, lighter electromechanical actuators have led to the development of numerous control systems for powered two wheelers (PTW). Although the community working on PTW dynamics control is smaller than the community addressing automotive control, a considerable number of contributions are available. This paper presents a review on the control of PTW, and anticipates future research and industrial trends. This paper proposes a reasoned classification of different approaches based on the controlled vehicle dynamics, separating between control systems dealing with the in-plane and out-of-plane dynamics and then presents an analysis of the state-of-the-art of each control problem. A section is then devoted to the control of narrow track tilting vehicles that share many features with PTW.
    Print ISSN: 1083-4435
    Electronic ISSN: 1941-014X
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Published by Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) ; American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 25
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Guest Editorial Introduction to the Focused Section on Mechatronics in Automotive Systems (2015)
    Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) ; American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-08-07
    Description: The papers in this special section compiles recent research and development efforts contributing to advances in mechatronics for automotive systems, as well as the perspectives on future developments and applications.
    Print ISSN: 1083-4435
    Electronic ISSN: 1941-014X
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Published by Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) ; American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 26
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    A Unified Pseudospectral Computational Framework for Optimal Control of Road Vehicles (2015)
    Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) ; American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-08-07
    Description: This paper presents a unified pseudospectral computational framework for accurately and efficiently solving optimal control problems (OCPs) of road vehicles. Under this framework, any continuous-time OCP is converted into a nonlinear programming (NLP) problem via pseudospectral transformation, in which both states and controls are approximated by global Lagrange interpolating polynomials at Legendre–Gauss–Lobatto (LGL) collocation points. The mapping relationship between the costates of OCP and the KKT multipliers of NLP is derived for checking the optimality of solutions. For the sake of engineering practice, a quasi-Newton iterative algorithm is integrated to accurately calculate the LGL points, and a multiphase preprocessing strategy is proposed to handle nonsmooth problems. A general solver called pseudospectral OCP solver (POPS) is developed in MATLAB environment to implement the computational framework. Finally, two classic vehicle automation problems are formulated and numerically solved by POPS: 1) optimization of ecodriving strategy in hilly road conditions; and 2) optimal path planning in an overtaking scenario. The comparison with an equally spaced direct method is presented to show the effectiveness of this unified framework.
    Print ISSN: 1083-4435
    Electronic ISSN: 1941-014X
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Published by Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) ; American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 27
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Nonlinear Observer Design of Diesel Engine Selective Catalytic Reduction Systems With $hbox{NO}_{x}$ Sensor Measurements (2015)
    Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) ; American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-08-07
    Description: In this paper, we investigate the observer design problem of diesel engine selective catalytic reduction (SCR) systems. Considering the main chemical reactions, the SCR systems are modeled by assuming that the states are homogenous inside and SCR cells as continuous stirred tank reactors. The obtained system model is nonlinear and the states are coupled. Since the ammonia coverage ratio is not measurable by a physical sensor and the ammonia sensor is relatively costly, $hbox{NO}_{x}$ sensors are used to estimate the system states. The observability of the system is analyzed under the framework of the linear parameter-varying (LPV) system via transforming the nonlinear SCR system into a quasi-LPV form. A nonlinear observer is proposed and the method of tuning the observer gains is developed. The stability of the estimation error system is guaranteed with the designed observer gains. Finally, an experimental test with various operating points is conducted to show the effectiveness of the designed observer. It infers from the results that the designed observer has a good performance and the states are estimated well.
    Print ISSN: 1083-4435
    Electronic ISSN: 1941-014X
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Published by Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) ; American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 28
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    An Alternative Method to MFB50 for Combustion Phase Detection and Control in Common Rail Diesel Engines (2015)
    Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) ; American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-08-07
    Description: Although injection timing does not change at every cycle in compression ignition engines, the variations in combustion phase may occur. The variations in combustion phase are directly related to emission dispersion, torque variation, and fuel economy; therefore, the variations should be minimized by combustion phase detection and control. In this study, we propose a novel combustion indicator: location of 20% of initial heat release after the peak (IHR ap20 ) that is an alternative to MFB50 to detect and control combustion phase in real time. IHR ap20 is extracted from IHR, which is a simplified heat release model derived by the product of in-cylinder volume and the gradient of difference pressure between firing pressure and motoring pressure. IHR ap20 is confirmed with engine experiment that it is highly correlated to MFB50 with RMSE of 0.2790° crank angle and R 2 of 0.9873 under various operating conditions such as injection timing, mass air flow, boost pressure, and rail pressure changes. In addition, IHR ap20 is able to detect combustion phase in real time with fewer number of in-cylinder pressure data and computational load compared to MFB50. Furthermore, IHR ap20 is more robust to in-cylinder pressure sensor noise than MFB50. Consequently, IHR ap20 is promising for real-time combustion phase detection.
    Print ISSN: 1083-4435
    Electronic ISSN: 1941-014X
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Published by Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) ; American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 29
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Active Braking Control System Design: The D $^{bf 2}$ -IBC Approach (2015)
    Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) ; American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-08-07
    Description: In modern road vehicles, active braking control systems are crucial elements to ensure safety and lateral stability. Unfortunately, the wheel slip dynamics is highly nonlinear, and the online estimation of the road–tire conditions is still a challenging open-research problem. These facts make it difficult to devise a braking control system that is reliable in any possible situation without being too conservative. In this paper, we propose the data-driven inversion-based control approach to overcome the above issues. The method relies on a 2-DOF architecture, with a linear controller and a nonlinear controller in parallel, both designed using only experimental data. The effectiveness of the proposed approach against state-of-the-art braking control is shown by means of an extensive simulation campaign. A validation test on a commercial full-fledged multibody simulator for two-wheeled vehicles is also provided.
    Print ISSN: 1083-4435
    Electronic ISSN: 1941-014X
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Published by Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) ; American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 30
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Novel Cooperative Teleoperation Framework: Multi-Master/Single-Slave System (2015)
    Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) ; American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-08-07
    Description: In this paper, a novel multi-master/single-slave (MM/SS) teleoperated framework is proposed. The desired objectives for the MM/SS system are presented in such a way that both cooperative and training applications, e.g., surgical teleoperation and surgical training, can benefit. Passivity of the system is investigated, and it is shown that an ideal MM/SS system, depending on its structure, may not always be passive unlike a conventional SM/SS system. An impedance-based control methodology is developed to satisfy the desired objectives of the MM/SS system in the presence of communication delays. The small-gain theorem is used to analyze the closed-loop stability, deriving a sufficient condition to guarantee system stability in the presence of time delays. Experimental results conducted on an MM/SS system are presented to evaluate the performance of the proposed methodology.
    Print ISSN: 1083-4435
    Electronic ISSN: 1941-014X
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Published by Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) ; American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 31
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Design of LLC Resonant Converters Based on Operation-Mode Analysis for Level Two PHEV Battery Chargers (2015)
    Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) ; American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-08-07
    Description: In this paper, the efficiency-oriented design considerations are discussed based on the operation-mode analysis of the LLC converter considering the characteristics of charging profiles. The mode boundaries and distribution are obtained from the precise time-domain model. The operation modes featuring both-side soft-switching capability are identified to design the operating trace of the charging process. Then the design constraints for achieving soft switching with the load varying from zero up to the maximum are discussed. Finally, a charging trajectory design methodology is proposed and validated through experiments on a prototype converting 390 V from the dc power source to the battery emulator in the range of 250–450 V at 6.6 kW with a peak efficiency of 97.96%.
    Print ISSN: 1083-4435
    Electronic ISSN: 1941-014X
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Published by Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) ; American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 32
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Variable Stiffness Treadmill (VST): System Development, Characterization, and Preliminary Experiments (2015)
    Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) ; American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-08-07
    Description: Locomotion is one of the human's most important functions that serve survival, progress, and interaction. Gait requires kinematic and dynamic coordination of the limbs and muscles, multisensory fusion, and robust control mechanisms. The force stimulus generated by the interaction of the foot with the walking surface is a vital part of human gait. Although there have been many studies trying to decipher the load feedback mechanisms of gait, there is a need for the development of a versatile system that can advance research and provide new functionality. In this paper, we present the design and characterization of a novel system, called variable stiffness treadmill (VST). The device is capable of controlling load feedback stimulus by regulating the walking surface stiffness in real time. The high range of available stiffness, the resolution and accuracy of the device, as well as the ability to regulate stiffness within the stance phase of walking, are some of the unique characteristics of the VST. We present experiments with healthy subjects in order to prove the concept of our device and show preliminary findings on the effect of altered stiffness on gait kinematics. The developed system constitutes a uniquely useful research tool, which can improve our understanding of gait and create new avenues of research on gait analysis and rehabilitation.
    Print ISSN: 1083-4435
    Electronic ISSN: 1941-014X
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Published by Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) ; American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 33
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Dynamics and Robust Control of an Underactuated Torsional Vibratory Gyroscope Actuated by Electrostatic Actuator (2015)
    Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) ; American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-08-07
    Description: It has been shown that the underactuated MEMS gyroscopes provide inherent robustness against structural and environmental parameter variations. To further improve the performance of the systems, the electrical and mechanical coupling dynamics of the underactuated torsional gyroscopes with double oscillators actuated by a single electrostatic actuator is investigated in this paper. It is shown that the highly nonlinear coupling dynamics of the underactuated gyroscope systems can be transformed into the fifth-order linear systems even though the electrical uncertainties of the systems are considered. For the purpose of simplifying the structures of the underactuated torsional MEMS gyroscopes, an observer-based robust controller with considering structural uncertainties is presented on the basis of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). The robust stability of the presented controller is also demonstrated by some numerical simulations on a three-degree-of-freedom underactuated MEMS gyroscope. It is shown that the LMI-based robust controller can accommodate both large initial errors in the system state and bounded uncertainties in the structural parameters of the system.
    Print ISSN: 1083-4435
    Electronic ISSN: 1941-014X
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Published by Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) ; American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 34
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Robust Motion Control of a Linear Motor Positioner Using Fast Nonsingular Terminal Sliding Mode (2015)
    Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) ; American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-08-07
    Description: A robust motion control system is essential for the linear motor (LM)-based direct drive to provide high speed and high-precision performance. This paper studies a systematic control design method using fast nonsingular terminal sliding mode (FNTSM) for an LM positioner. Compared with the conventional nonsingular terminal sliding mode control, the FNTSM control can guarantee a faster convergence rate of the tracking error in the presence of system uncertainties including payload variations, friction, external disturbances, and measurement noises. Moreover, its control input is inherently continuous, which accordingly avoids the undesired control chattering problem. We further discuss the selection criteria of the controller parameters for the LM to deal with the system dynamic constraints and performance tradeoffs. Finally, we present a robust model-free velocity estimator based on the only available position measurements with quantization noises such that the estimated velocity can be used for feedback signal to the FNTSM controller. Experimental results demonstrate the practical implementation of the FNTSM controller and verify its robustness of more accurate tracking and faster disturbance rejection compared with a conventional NTSM controller and a linear $H_infty$ controller.
    Print ISSN: 1083-4435
    Electronic ISSN: 1941-014X
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Published by Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) ; American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 35
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    A Novel Electromagnetic Actuator Based on Displacement Amplification Mechanism (2015)
    Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) ; American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-08-07
    Description: This paper introduces a new type of linear actuator using the electromagnetic attractive force, which enables a submillimeter stroke. In general, actuation by the electromagnetic attractive force causes a tradeoff problem between the thrust force and the stroke because the thrust force depends on the gap between the electromagnet and the armature; an increase in the gap (stroke) drastically degrades the thrust force. To realize a submillimeter stroke while retaining a high thrust force, a structure that adopts a displacement amplification mechanism is proposed, which is often used to expand the stroke of a piezoelectric actuator. First, the electromagnetic attractive force is theoretically examined with and without displacement amplification. We verify that displacement amplification could create a higher thrust force and energy efficiency over a certain displacement. On the basis of this examination, a prototype actuator is designed, and the driving principle is illustrated. Further, an analytical model of the proposed actuator is developed for control and performance estimation. Several fundamental experiments with a developed actuator are performed in order to reveal the potential of the proposed actuator. The performance evaluations show that the maximum stroke is approximately 450 $mu$ m and a bandwidth greater than 300 Hz can be realized, and more a time constant is approximately 2 ms for a stroke of 450 $mu$ m. In addition, the experimental results were compared with the simulation results calculated from the analytical model to verify whether the prototype drives predictably according to the proposed concept under a dynamic situation. These results demonstrate that the proposed actuator enables good actuation performance, and it implies that there are tremendous advantages from the viewpoints of manufacturing, assembly, control, etc.
    Print ISSN: 1083-4435
    Electronic ISSN: 1941-014X
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Published by Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) ; American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 36
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    An Automated Mouse Tail Vascular Access System by Vision and Pressure Feedback (2015)
    Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) ; American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-08-07
    Description: This paper develops an automated vascular access system (A-VAS) with novel vision-based vein and needle detection methods and real-time pressure feedback for murine drug delivery. Mouse tail vein injection is a routine but critical step for preclinical imaging applications. Due to the small vein diameter and external disturbances such as tail hair, pigmentation, and scales, identifying vein location is difficult and manual injections usually result in poor repeatability. To improve the injection accuracy, consistency, safety, and processing time, A-VAS was developed to overcome difficulties in vein detection noise rejection, robustness in needle tracking, and visual servoing integration with the mechatronics system.
    Print ISSN: 1083-4435
    Electronic ISSN: 1941-014X
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Published by Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) ; American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 37
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Robotic Cell Manipulation Using Optical Tweezers With Unknown Trapping Stiffness and Limited FOV (2015)
    Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) ; American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-08-07
    Description: In existing control methods for optical tweezers, the trapping stiffness is usually assumed to be constant and known exactly. However, the stiffness varies according to the size of the trapped particle and is also dependant on the distance between the center of the laser beam and the particle. It is, therefore, difficult to identify the exact model of the trapping stiffness. In addition, it is also assumed that the entire workspace is visible within the field of view (FOV) of the microscope. During trapping and manipulation, certain image features such as the desired position may leave the FOV, and therefore, visual feedback is not available. In this paper, a robotic setpoint control technique is proposed for optical manipulation with unknown trapping stiffness and limited FOV of the microscope. The proposed method allows the system to operate beyond the FOV and perform trapping and manipulation tasks without any knowledge of the trapping stiffness. The stability of the overall system is analyzed by using Lyapunov-like method, with consideration of the dynamics of both the cell and the manipulator of laser source. Experimental results are presented to illustrate the performance of the proposed method.
    Print ISSN: 1083-4435
    Electronic ISSN: 1941-014X
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Published by Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) ; American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 38
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    A New Mechanism for the Vibration Control of Large Flexible Space Structures With Embedded Smart Devices (2015)
    Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) ; American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-08-07
    Description: Large flexible space structures (LFSS), such as solar panels and synthetic aperture radar antennae, are widely employed in spacecraft. Owing to their structural peculiarities in addition with the special environment in outer space, it is easy to be aroused for the structural vibration of LFSS. This kind of vibration is very harmful to spacecraft. In this paper, we proposed a new mechanism for the vibration control of LFSS. An embedded smart device with a piezoelectric ceramic stack was built up, also. First, the nonlinear theory of structural vibration coupled with inner forces was deduced. Second, the basic principle of the new mechanism with the piezoelectric ceramic stack was expounded. Third, the smart device manufacturing and the embedded techniques were introduced. Finally, taking several solar panel structures as illustrative examples, we carried out both digital simulations and ground experiments. The research results showed us that the proposed new mechanism is quite effective to the vibration control of LFSS. This paper gives a new way to solve the vibration control problem of LFSS, especially for those with low frequencies, which is very valuable for improving the accuracy and performance of spacecraft.
    Print ISSN: 1083-4435
    Electronic ISSN: 1941-014X
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Published by Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) ; American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 39
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Evolutionary Computing and Optimal Design of MEMS (2015)
    Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) ; American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-08-07
    Description: Fostered by the development of new technologies, microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) are massively present on board of vehicles, within information equipment as well as in medical and healthcare equipment. A smart approach to the design of MEMS devices is in terms of the simultaneous optimization of multiple objective functions subject to a set of constraints. This leads to the family of solutions minimizing the degree of conflict among the objectives (Pareto front). Accordingly, in this paper, a procedure of optimal shape design of MEMS based on evolutionary computing is proposed and validated on three case studies.
    Print ISSN: 1083-4435
    Electronic ISSN: 1941-014X
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Published by Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) ; American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 40
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    High-Precision Automated 3-D Assembly With Attitude Adjustment Performed by LMTI and Vision-Based Control (2015)
    Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) ; American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-08-07
    Description: In this paper, a fully automated microassembly methodology is proposed to assemble a slice micropart into a groupware in three-dimensional (3-D) space with the requirement of attitude adjustment. To accurately acquire the attitude of the slice micropart, we proposed an automated measurement method based on a laser triangulation measurement instrument ${bf (LTMI)}$ guided by microscopic vision as well as an accurate calibration method for the telecentric vision system based on nonlinear damping least square method. To achieve automatic assembly, a three-stage microassembly strategy is presented: 1) attitude adjustment of the groupware based on multimicroscopic vision regarding the slice micropart's attitude as the target; 2) coarse-to-fine alignment of the slice micropart to the groupware in 3-D space on the basis of ${bf LTMI}$ and microscopic vision; 3) remove microgripper of slice micropart until it is completely glued. Fully automated microassembly experiments are conducted, and the results demonstrate the reasonability of proposed approaches. The task has been performed with the following accuracy: 3 μm for the center position error, 2 μm for the depth error and 0.3° for the attitude error.
    Print ISSN: 1083-4435
    Electronic ISSN: 1941-014X
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Published by Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) ; American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 41
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    A Lumped-Parameter Model for Adaptive Dynamic MR Damper Control (2015)
    Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) ; American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-08-07
    Description: The dynamic behavior of a small-scale magnetorheological damper intended for use in a tremor-suppression orthosis is characterized through experimental analysis and mathematical modeling. The combined frequency response of both the electromagnetic coil and the fluid particles is modeled by a third-order transfer function. The output of this function is an effective current that, combined with piston position and velocity, is empirically related to the resistance force of the damper. The derived model demonstrates high-fidelity to experimental testing of the damper under variable piston velocity and applied current within the expected frequency range of pathological tremor. The model is, thus, deemed suitable for use in a control algorithm for the mechanical suppression of tremor via magnetorheological damping.
    Print ISSN: 1083-4435
    Electronic ISSN: 1941-014X
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Published by Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) ; American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 42
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics publication information (2015)
    Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) ; American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-08-07
    Description: Provides a listing of current staff, committee members and society officers.
    Print ISSN: 1083-4435
    Electronic ISSN: 1941-014X
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Published by Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) ; American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 43
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Improving Resolution and Run Outs of a Superconducting Noncontact Device for Precision Positioning (2015)
    Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) ; American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-08-07
    Description: This paper describes the improvement of the performance of a long-stroke high-precision positioning slider suitable for cryogenic environments due to the application of a set of design rules given in a previous paper. The device, based on superconducting magnetic levitation, is self-stable and does not make contact between the slider and the guideline, avoiding tribological and lubrication problems associated with cryogenics. This new prototype was built and tested in a relevant environment at ∼15 K and high vacuum (∼10 −6 Pa), demonstrating an enhanced resolution (70 ± 10 nm RMS), lateral run out (about ±2 μm), and angular run outs (between tens to hundreds of μrad). In addition, new data related to the dynamics of the mechanism are presented. The demonstration of the design rules for this sort of mechanism provides a probed useful tool for engineers and increases the readiness of the technology. The demonstrated performance of the mechanism makes it suitable for applications where high-precision positioning is required over a long range in cryogenic environments like in far-infrared interferometry.
    Print ISSN: 1083-4435
    Electronic ISSN: 1941-014X
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Published by Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) ; American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 44
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Analysis of the complexity of the sperm acrosomal membrane by super-resolution stimulated emission depletion microscopy compared with transmission electron microscopy (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-08-09
    Description: The acrosome is a Golgi-derived sperm cell organelle enclosed by a continuous acrosomal membrane. The acrosomal membrane complexes with surrounding matrices containing molecules necessary for fertilization; however, the complex of acrosomal membrane and associating matrices (CAMAM) has not been visualized in detail under living conditions. Here, we analyzed the CAMAM at the nanometer level using super-resolution stimulated emission depletion (STED) fluorescence microscopy and equatorin-enhanced green fluorescent protein transgenic mice. The STED images were compared with the corresponding images taken by immunoelectron microscopy. Consequently, the substructure of CAMAM could be differentiated at nanometer-scale resolution by STED microscopy without the need for sectioning. The information obtained in this study will be beneficial not only for understanding the molecular mechanism of fertilization but also for cell imaging under living conditions.
    Print ISSN: 0022-0744
    Electronic ISSN: 1477-9986
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Japanese Electron Microscopy Society.
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 45
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Millimeters-Stroke Nanopositioning Actuator With High Positioning and Thermal Stability (2015)
    Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) ; American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-10-27
    Description: This paper presented the design and modeling of a novel nanopositioning actuator that delivers millimeters stroke with high positioning and thermal stability. This actuator comprises a unique electromagnetic driving module (EDM) articulated from a segmented dual-magnet (DM) configuration, and flexure-based supporting bearings realized via a flexible membrane concept. In this paper, the fundamental insights on how to design and model the proposed segmented DM configuration are presented in detail. The remainder of this paper focuses on the thermal modeling of the unique EDM and the stiffness modeling of the unconventional flexure-based bearings. Subsequently, all theoretical models are evaluated through experimental investigations conducted via a developed prototype. The prototype also achieved an average positioning stability of $pm$ 10 nm with a thermal stability of $pm$ 0.1  $^{circ }$ C throughout a traveling range of 2 mm ( $pm$ 1 mm). Such actuator is useful for applications where direct feedback on the end effector is impossible.
    Print ISSN: 1083-4435
    Electronic ISSN: 1941-014X
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Published by Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) ; American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 46
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Modeling Cable and Guide Channel Interaction in a High-Strength Cable-Driven Continuum Manipulator (2015)
    Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) ; American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-10-27
    Description: This paper presents several mechanical models of a high-strength cable-driven dexterous manipulator designed for surgical procedures. A stiffness model is presented that distinguishes between contributions from the cables and the backbone. A physics-based model incorporating cable friction is developed and its predictions are compared with experimental data. The data show that under high tension and high curvature, the shape of the manipulator deviates significantly from a circular arc. However, simple parametric models can fit the shape with good accuracy. The motivating application for this study is to develop a model so that shape can be predicted using easily measured quantities such as tension, so that real-time navigation may be performed, especially in minimally-invasive surgical procedures, while reducing the need for hazardous imaging methods such as fluoroscopy.
    Print ISSN: 1083-4435
    Electronic ISSN: 1941-014X
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Published by Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) ; American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 47
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Integral Acceleration Generation for Slip Avoidance in a Planar Humanoid Robot (2015)
    Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) ; American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-10-27
    Description: Slip occurrence puts not only the humans but also the humanoid robots into dangerous situations. Although the detection and the estimation of slip have been well researched, studies on slip avoidance control in a humanoid robot are rare. Previous methods used to restrict the horizontal motion or regulate the vertical motion of the humanoid robot did not take the important rotational motion into account. This study proposes an integral acceleration generation method for slip avoidance that meets the real-time requirements, using the sagittal plane as an example. The proposed method makes full use of all the motions related to the slip in the sagittal plane to prevent the slip, including the translational and the rotational motions. The simulations and experiments on the physical humanoid robot demonstrate the effectiveness of the presented method.
    Print ISSN: 1083-4435
    Electronic ISSN: 1941-014X
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Published by Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) ; American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 48
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Modeling and Vibration Control of a Coupled Vessel-Mooring-Riser System (2015)
    Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) ; American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-10-27
    Description: This paper investigates the modeling and vibration control design of a coupled vessel-mooring-riser system. The coupling among the vessel, the mooring lines, and the riser is taken into consideration, and the system is described by a set of partial differential equations and some ordinary differential equations based on energy functions of this system. A control law is proposed at the top boundary of the system to suppress the vibrations of both the mooring lines and the riser. The stability and uniform boundedness of the system under the distributed disturbance are proved via Lyapunov's direct method. Numerical simulations are given to verify the effectiveness of the control law.
    Print ISSN: 1083-4435
    Electronic ISSN: 1941-014X
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Published by Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) ; American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 49
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Magnetohydrodynamic-Driven Design of Microscopic Endocapsules in MRI (2015)
    Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) ; American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-10-27
    Description: Microscopic medical robots capable of translating in a bloodstream or similar liquid represent a new type of therapeutic technology for surgical interventions. This study aims to characterize a new MRI compliant method of propulsion for swimming robots using the magnetohydrodynamic effect (MHD). An MHD drive is a method of propulsion employing only electromagnetic elements, without the need for moving mechanical parts. By utilizing MHD voltages induced within the MRI magnetic field, the opportunity to propel a device and provide imaging simultaneously is presented. We hypothesized that a wireless MHD-driven thruster could be developed to control endocapsules within the MRI magnetic field. A model capsule was constructed and evaluated in a scaled MRI-environment, and subsequently, tested for MRI-compatibility at 3 T. Dynamic performance of the endocapsule was characterized as input power was varied. In the scaled MRI environment, a peak force of 0.31 mN was observed, providing evidence that an MHD-driven endocapsule is possible in an MRI environment. Increased forces will be obtainable with increases in magnetic field strength and applied power.
    Print ISSN: 1083-4435
    Electronic ISSN: 1941-014X
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Published by Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) ; American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 50
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics publication information (2015)
    Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) ; American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-10-27
    Description: Provides a listing of the editors, board members, and current staff for this issue of the publication.
    Print ISSN: 1083-4435
    Electronic ISSN: 1941-014X
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Published by Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) ; American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 51
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Interaction Control Capabilities of an MR-Compatible Compliant Actuator for Wrist Sensorimotor Protocols During fMRI (2015)
    Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) ; American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-10-27
    Description: This paper describes the mechatronic design and characterization of a novel MR-compatible actuation system designed for a parallel force-feedback exoskeleton for measurement and/or assistance of wrist pointing movements during functional neuroimaging. The developed actuator is based on the interposition of custom compliant elements in series between a nonbackdrivable MR-compatible ultrasonic piezoelectric motor and the actuator output. The inclusion of physical compliance allows estimation of interaction force, enabling force-feedback control and stable rendering of a wide range of haptic environments during continuous scanning. Through accurate inner-loop velocity compensation and force-feedback control, the actuator is capable of displaying both a low-impedance subject-in-charge mode and a high stiffness mode. These modes enable the execution of shared haptic protocols during continuous functional magnetic resonance imaging. The detailed experimental characterization of the actuation system is presented, including a backdrivability analysis, demonstrating an achievable impedance range of 22 dB, within a bandwidth of 4 Hz (for low stiffness). The stiffness control bandwidth depends on the specific value of stiffness: a bandwidth of 4 Hz is achieved at low stiffness (10% of the physical springs stiffness), while 8 Hz is demonstrated at higher stiffness. Moreover, coupled stability is demonstrated also for stiffness values substantially (25%) higher than the physical stiffness of the spring. Finally, compatibility tests conducted in a 3T scanner are presented, validating the potential of inclusion of the actuator in an exoskeleton system for support of wrist movements during continuous MR scanning, without significant reduction in image quality.
    Print ISSN: 1083-4435
    Electronic ISSN: 1941-014X
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Published by Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) ; American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 52
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Design of an Adaptive Fuzzy-Bias SMC and Validation for a Rugged Electrohydraulic System (2015)
    Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) ; American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-10-27
    Description: An adaptive fuzzy-bias sliding-mode controller has been designed by adding biasing to an existing controller for motion tracking by an electrohydraulic system. The system has a proportional valve with large deadband and a cylinder with jump in static friction and nonlinear but continuous dynamic friction. While the biasing controller takes care of the discontinuous features, the fuzzy controller approximates the other system nonlinearities. The sliding-mode controller compensates the approximations. By a number of real-time experiments, the appropriate choices for the number of fuzzy rule base and some free parameters have been established. Then, starting with the same set of initial parameters for tracking step and sinusoidal demands of different frequencies, the responses have demonstrated sufficient adaptability of the controller.
    Print ISSN: 1083-4435
    Electronic ISSN: 1941-014X
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Published by Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) ; American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 53
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    A Hybrid Displacement/Pressure Control Scheme for an Electrohydraulic Flow Matching System (2015)
    Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) ; American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-10-27
    Description: The electrohydraulic flow matching system is one of the most promising fluid power technologies for the improvement of the control performance and system efficiency of mobile machinery. However, pressure impacts and low efficiencies caused by flow excess are significant drawbacks that hinder its development. To solve this problem, this paper proposes a hybrid displacement/pressure control scheme by utilizing a switching rule according to the pressure margin and the candidate Lyapunov function. The mathematical model of an electrohydraulic flow matching system with primary pressure compensators was established, and the energy efficiency performance was analyzed. Experimental tests in single-actuator and dual-actuator systems were carried out on a test rig with a hydraulic excavator. The experimental results indicated that the pump pressure could be reduced when the supplied flow was excessive, and also the system efficiency was improved. The proposed controller is simple and pragmatic so that it can be easily implemented in the current mobile machinery.
    Print ISSN: 1083-4435
    Electronic ISSN: 1941-014X
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Published by Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) ; American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 54
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Adaptive Neural Network Control of a Compact Bionic Handling Arm (2015)
    Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) ; American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-10-27
    Description: In this paper, autonomous control problem of a class of bionic continuum robots named “Compact Bionic Handling Arm” (CBHA) is addressed. These robots can reproduce biological behaviors of trunks, tentacles, or snakes. The modeling problem associated with continuum robots includes nonlinearities, structured and unstructured uncertainties, and the hyperredundancy. In addition to these problems, the CBHA comprises the hysteresis behavior of its actuators and a memory phenomenon related to its structure made of polyamide materials. These undesirable effects make it difficult to design a control system based on quantitative models of the CBHA. Thus, two subcontrollers are proposed in this paper. One, encapsulated in the other, and both implemented in real time allow controlling of the CBHA's end-effector position. The first subcontroller controls the CBHA's kinematics based on a distal supervised learning scheme. The second subcontroller controls the CBHA's kinetics based on an adaptive neural control. These subcontrollers allow a better assessment of the stability of the control architecture while ensuring the convergence of Cartesian errors. The obtained experimental results using a CBHA robot show an accurate tracking of the CBHA's end-effector position.
    Print ISSN: 1083-4435
    Electronic ISSN: 1941-014X
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Published by Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) ; American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 55
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Minimizing Energy Consumption of Parallel Mechanisms via Redundant Actuation (2015)
    Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) ; American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-10-27
    Description: This paper shows that redundant actuation can reduce the energy consumption of parallel mechanisms, in some cases by a considerable margin. A theoretical analysis for the energy-saving mechanism is elucidated, and an energy consumption model for a servo-motor system is proposed. Our hypothesis is experimentally verified with a widely used two degree of freedom parallel mechanism design driven by three actuators. Experimental results show that redundant actuation can reduce the electrical energy consumption of the actuators by up to 45% compared to the corresponding nonredundantly actuated version of the mechanism.
    Print ISSN: 1083-4435
    Electronic ISSN: 1941-014X
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Published by Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) ; American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 56
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Dynamic Analysis and Design of Spheroidal Underwater Robots for Precision Multidirectional Maneuvering (2015)
    Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) ; American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-10-27
    Description: In this paper, we present an optimized body shape and thruster layout design for a class of jet-propelled underwater robots. Spheroidal robots with no rudders and appendages are highly maneuverable and capable of accessing complex underwater structures for inspection and surveillance. These robots are hydrodynamically unstable, but can make rapid turns and move in multiple directions. This paper describes a control-theoretical design methodology, examining the controllability of surge, sway, and yaw motion in relation to an aspect ratio of the body shape and the direction and location of each propulsion jet. A design with angled jets combined with a body aspect ratio of $hbox{1.2-1.8}$ is controllable and exhibits good performance. A prototype robot with an optimized body shape and jet arrangement has been built and tested. Experimental results illustrate the superb multiaxis maneuverability of this design.
    Print ISSN: 1083-4435
    Electronic ISSN: 1941-014X
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Published by Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) ; American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 57
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    A Pneumatically Driven Surgical Manipulator With a Flexible Distal Joint Capable of Force Sensing (2015)
    Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) ; American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-10-27
    Description: This paper presents a novel forceps manipulator for surgical robot systems. The forceps manipulator has a highly simplified flexible distal joint, which is actuated by push–pull motions of superelastic wires. Pneumatic cylinders are employed for its driving system to realize high backdrivability of the flexible mechanism, enabling external force estimation without using a force sensor. For the kinematic description, we newly introduce a three-degree-of-freedom (DOF) continuum model considering expansion and contraction of the flexible joint, which allows three-axis force sensing on the forceps tip. We also developed a practical dynamic model, including linear-approximated elastic forces and nonlinear friction forces dependent on the joint bending angle. Effectiveness of the dynamic model is validated by open-loop control performance of the joint angles. The position control system is designed using a PID-based cascade controller with a feedforward compensator based on the dynamic model. Resolution of the joint angle control is 1 $^circ$ , satisfying the requirement for laparoscopic surgery. An external force estimation algorithm is developed, which realizes the three-axis sensing of translational forces acting on the forceps tip. The rigid-link approximation model is also employed to treat the calculation in singular attitude, the straight position of the flexible joint. Effectiveness of the force estimator is experimentally validated using a force sensor in two cases. Estimation error is 0.37 N at maximum with a force in a radial direction, and the estimation performance using the three-DOF force estimator is much better than the one using a conventional two-DOF force estimator.
    Print ISSN: 1083-4435
    Electronic ISSN: 1941-014X
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Published by Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) ; American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 58
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Kinematic Analysis and Motion Planning for a Planar Multiarticulated Omnidirectional Mobile Robot (2015)
    Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) ; American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-10-27
    Description: In this paper, kinematic modeling and singularity analysis are performed for an omnidirectional mobile robot. At the beginning, generalized formulas of the mobility and the first-order kinematics for a planar multiarticulated omnidirectional mobile robot are proposed. To verify the proposed formulas, a mobile robot that consists of three wheel mechanisms each of which has one redundant joint as compared to the operational degrees is introduced. Initially, the kinematic modeling and dynamic analysis, and odometry calculation for this robot are conducted. Next, singularity analysis of the proposed robot is performed. Then, using such a kinematic redundancy of each chain, motion planning algorithms that exploit the kinematic redundancy of the wheel chain are suggested. For navigation, a localization algorithm of the mobile robot based on odometry is presented, and specifically, two-leveled obstacle avoidance scheme, which simultaneously considers both large and small obstacles, is proposed. The usefulness of the proposed algorithms is verified through experimentation.
    Print ISSN: 1083-4435
    Electronic ISSN: 1941-014X
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Published by Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) ; American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 59
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Reactive Task Adaptation Based on Hierarchical Constraints Classification for Safe Industrial Robots (2015)
    Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) ; American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-10-27
    Description: A widespread and flexible use of robots in rapidly changing working environments could be greatly enhanced by human–robot interaction and collaboration. Humans and robots have complementary skills. The robotic worker can relieve the human from repetitive work, and the human can make robot deployment easier by managing nonstandard or particularly skilful operations. Such a scenario, however, requires new safety systems to preserve human workers from potential danger and at the same time to make human–robot interaction productive and advantageous. In this paper, a system for safe and task consistent human–robot interaction integrated with an industrial controller is proposed. The robot executes evasive motions to avoid impacts with obstacles consistently with the task. A classification of constraints constituting the task is proposed and a safety strategy based on such classification is defined. This paper finally presents integration of the safety system with an industrial controller and experimental validation on an assembly operation.
    Print ISSN: 1083-4435
    Electronic ISSN: 1941-014X
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Published by Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) ; American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 60
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Vibration-Based Milling Condition Monitoring in Robot-Assisted Spine Surgery (2015)
    Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) ; American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-10-27
    Description: In order to enhance the safety of the milling operation, we develop a condition monitoring method by means of analyzing the bone vibration signal in robot-assisted spine surgery. Since the behavior of the bone being cut changes with the tissue removal, an analytical method is proposed for modeling of varying bone dynamics, and then, it is proved that the vibration amplitude of the bone indicates its status change. During the real milling process, the vibration signal of the bone is recorded by a noncontact laser displacement sensor, and we only pay attention to the harmonic component whose frequency is an integer times of the spindle frequency of the milling device. The wavelet packet transform and the adaptive linear element are performed to estimate the harmonic amplitude from the signal to correlate milling condition. Considering that the bone vibration also varies with the milling force, the relative magnitude of the force is measured from the wavelet coefficients in low-frequency subband, and subsequently, the estimated harmonic amplitude is compensated to reduce the influence of the force. The robot milling experiments in sheep spines are carried on to verify the effectiveness of the condition monitoring procedure. The experimental results are in substantial accordance with the conclusions from the dynamic model, and thus, the robot can improve the safety of the operation with the proposed method.
    Print ISSN: 1083-4435
    Electronic ISSN: 1941-014X
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Published by Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) ; American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 61
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Stair Climbing via Successive Perching (2015)
    Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) ; American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-10-27
    Description: Stairs are a primary challenge for mobile robots navigating indoor human environments. Stair climbing is a useful, if not necessary, capability for mobile robots in urban search and rescue, security, cleaning, telepresence, elder care, and other applications. Existing stair climbing robots are large, expensive, and not always reliable, especially when descending stairs. In this paper, we present a novel approach for stair climbing that is achievable by a small mobile robot with minimal actuators and sensors and, thus, cost. The proposed robot has articulated tread assemblies on either side of a chassis. Using feedback control, the robot can balance on the edge of a single step. As the robot drives up the step, the chassis pivots to maintain the center of mass directly above the contact point. The dynamics of the system are derived with the Lagrangian method, and a discrete-time integral controller with friction compensation is designed to stabilize a stair climbing trajectory. The algorithms used to estimate the state of the system with low-cost noisy proprioceptive sensors are explained in detail. No external motion capture system is used. Simulation results are compared with successful experimental results.
    Print ISSN: 1083-4435
    Electronic ISSN: 1941-014X
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Published by Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) ; American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 62
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Dynamic Force Characterization Microscopy Based on Integrated Nanorobotic AFM and SEM System for Detachment Process Study (2015)
    Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) ; American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-10-27
    Description: In this paper, an integrated system, named dynamic force characterization microscopy (DFCM), is proposed to investigate the detachment process at small scale. This system is constructed by integrating a modified atomic force microscopy (AFM) cantilever, a laser displacement sensor and a nanorobotic manipulation system with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The micropolystyrene bead and biological cell are taken as the samples, which are put on the substrate surface inside SEM chamber first. Then, the modified AFM cantilever is used to detach the sample under the driving of the nanorobotic manipulator. In this process, the detachment force is measured by the laser displacement sensor dynamically. All the while, the shape changing of the sample is observed by SEM at nanometer resolution. The experimental results verify that DFCM integrates the accurate force measurement ability of AFM, the real-time high-resolution imaging ability of SEM and the flexible manipulation ability of robot. It provides a novel approach for the dynamic force characterization at small scale, which will greatly benefit the in-depth understating of the dynamic detachment process and the characterization of material's mechanical property.
    Print ISSN: 1083-4435
    Electronic ISSN: 1941-014X
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Published by Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) ; American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 63
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Hand-Held Bone Cutting Tool With Autonomous Penetration Detection for Spinal Surgery (2015)
    Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) ; American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-10-27
    Description: In spinal surgery, a surgeon often needs to remove some parts of the spine to relieve the pressure on the spinal cord or other nerves. In this procedure, the surgeon needs to cut and drill some holes in the spine. This operation is very risky because there are some nerves beneath the target bones, and this procedure therefore requires a skilled and experienced surgeon. However, if the cutting tool could detect penetration of the bone autonomously, the safety of the procedure would be improved drastically. This study presents a hand-held bone cutting tool system that detects the penetration of the workpiece. The system learns the cutting states and motion states from demonstrations by a surgeon, and it autonomously detects the penetration of the workpiece and stops the actuation of the cutting tool immediately before total penetration. The proposed scheme for penetration detection does not require knowledge of the shape and the position of the workpiece and, therefore, it does not require any costly systems, such as robotic arms and position sensor systems. In addition, the proposed scheme can be easily applied to various shapes of the cutting tool, such as drills and saws. The developed system was evaluated through experiments. The results showed that the performance of the developed system was satisfactory in both a motorized and a hand-held setup.
    Print ISSN: 1083-4435
    Electronic ISSN: 1941-014X
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Published by Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) ; American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 64
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Dynamic Analysis and Multivariable Transient Control of the Power-Split Hybrid Powertrain (2015)
    Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) ; American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-10-27
    Description: As an effective approach for improving automobile fuel economy, powertrain hybridization has inspired extensive research efforts on system control and energy optimization. To convert the output of the energy management strategy into actual motion of the engine and the hybrid actuators (motor and generator), the hybrid powertrain controller decides to what extent the optimal operational trajectories of the engine and the hybrid actuators can be realized, so as to achieve the expected fuel efficiency and emissions benefit. To develop a hybrid powertrain controller with higher bandwidth and accuracy, this paper presents the design and experimental validation of a multivariable control framework for the power-split hybrid powertrain, as an improvement over the existing decoupled single-input, single-output (SISO) controller. First, the dynamic analysis characterizes the transient behavior (inverse transient dynamics) of the hybrid powertrain based on its unique physical structure, and reveals the inherent limitations of the SISO hybrid controls on transient engine operation (speed/torque tracking) due to the dynamic interactions among the multiple system variables and the electrical system constraints. Then, to solve this problem and further improve the transient engine operation tracking performance, a multivariable hybrid powertrain controller is designed to dynamically coordinate the engine torque and hybrid torques during transients, so as to flexibly manipulate the transient driving torque of the hybrid vehicle. To validate the proposed control design, a rapid-prototyping hybrid research platform with three-level control architecture is used. Experimental results show the multivariable hybrid powertrain control can produce a faster and balanced engine transient operation, with the moderate electric torque/power usage.
    Print ISSN: 1083-4435
    Electronic ISSN: 1941-014X
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Published by Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) ; American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 65
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    A Novel Helical Milling End-Effector and Its Application (2015)
    Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) ; American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-10-27
    Description: In the aircraft industry, helical milling is utilized to generate holes in difficult-to-machine materials by means of operating a cutting tool on a helical path into the workpiece. This paper proposes a new helical milling device as an end-effector of industrial robots. The end-effector employs a direct drive rotary motor with dual-eccentric structure to achieve high position accuracy of spindle eccentricity (or radial offset), which indicates the distance between the spindle axis and the hole axis in the radial direction. In order to eliminate the adverse effects of spindle eccentric rotation, time-varying cutting force, and other uncertain disturbances during the machining process, a closed-loop servo control system is designed based on the adaptive robust control (ARC) methodology. Comparative experiments and machining experiments have been conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed helical milling end-effector. Compared with the PID and deterministic robust control controllers, the ARC controller guarantees higher accuracy of the spindle eccentricity in the presence of parametric uncertainties and uncertain disturbances. Average errors and maximum errors of the spindle eccentricity stay below 0.5 and 1.6 μm when machining holes with the eccentricity ranging from 0.5 to 4 mm, respectively. Surface roughness Ra and roundness of the machined holes in Ti-alloy and carbon fiber reinforced plastic materials are all below 3.2 and 7 μm, respectively. The results show that the proposed helical milling end-effector is suitable for hole-machining tasks in aircraft assembly applications.
    Print ISSN: 1083-4435
    Electronic ISSN: 1941-014X
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Published by Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) ; American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 66
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Novel, Wirelessly Controlled, and Adaptive Artificial Urinary Sphincter (2015)
    Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) ; American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-10-27
    Description: Severe stress urinary incontinence is a nonnegligible complication that affects men as well as women. When initial therapies are not sufficient, implantation of artificial urinary sphincters (AUS) is considered the gold standard treatment. This hydromechanical device applies constant pressure on the urethra to keep urine inside the bladder. Although recovery from incontinence is full or partial, this approach has certain disadvantages. In addition to the difficulties and discomfort encountered when operating the device, insufficient pressure, urethral atrophy, and erosion from constant pressure on the urethra may necessitate revision surgery. In this study, we present a novel, remote-controlled AUS with variable urethral pressure that improves continence and avoids revision surgery. The proposed design eliminates the manual pump, facilitating implantation in men and women. It is compatible with current AUS. The device requires very little power and its parameters can be monitored and updated post-operatively. It has been tested on pig bladders ex vivo . Different pressure control algorithms have been developed, and expected performances have been achieved. Design challenges and experimentation results are reported.
    Print ISSN: 1083-4435
    Electronic ISSN: 1941-014X
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Published by Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) ; American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 67
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Vision-Based Microforce Measurement With a Large Range-to-Resolution Ratio Using a Twin-Scale Pattern (2015)
    Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) ; American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-10-27
    Description: Force sensors are often required in order to work at the microscale, but existing ones rarely meet all expectations, particularly in terms of resolution, range, accuracy, or integration potential. This paper presents a novel microforce measurement method by vision, based on a twin-scale pattern fixed on a compliant structure. This approach enabled subpixelic measurement of position by the use of a micromachined pattern based on the Vernier principle. This method also presents flexibility, insensitivity to electronic noise, fast operating time, and ease of calibration. The major contribution consists in the large range-to-resolution ratio of the measurement system. With an experimental range of 50 mN and a resolution below 50 nN, a range-to-resolution ratio of 10 6 is obtained. A repeatability under 7.8 $mu$ N and a trueness under 15 $mu$ N have been experimentally measured. Finally, the method can be applied to other specifications and applications in terms of range.
    Print ISSN: 1083-4435
    Electronic ISSN: 1941-014X
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Published by Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) ; American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 68
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    A Modular Implementation Scheme for Nonsingleton Type-2 Fuzzy Logic Systems With Input Uncertainties (2015)
    Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) ; American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-10-27
    Description: Using nonsingleton (NS) input fuzzifiers along with type-2 fuzzy systems to handle uncertainties in inputs has received some attention in recent years. However, the NS fuzzification schemes proposed so far have a limited impact because they are restricted to a particular kind of fuzzy sets only. This paper proposes a modular implementation scheme for NS type-2 fuzzy logic systems with input uncertainties. The proposed implementation scheme constitutes a generalized fuzzification which is independent of the forms/shapes of the fuzzy sets, i.e., both the NS fuzzifiers and the membership functions. To investigate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme, type-2 fuzzy logic controllers for three different applications, airplane altitude control, obstacle avoidance for a mobile robot, and a wall following robot, are developed. Additionally, for mapping NS fuzzifiers for real sensors, a sensory noise pattern recognition stage is also developed. Despite encountering various kinds of membership functions and input uncertainties along these three applications, the proposed scheme is able to successfully deal with all three applications. Moreover, the performance results in all three application setups show that NS fuzzification can improve the robustness of type-2 fuzzy logic systems against input uncertainties.
    Print ISSN: 1083-4435
    Electronic ISSN: 1941-014X
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Published by Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) ; American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 69
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Platform for Monitoring and Control of Electrically Actuated Shape Memory Polymer Nanocomposite Structures (2015)
    Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) ; American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-10-27
    Description: Shape memory polymer nanocomposite structures have a wide range of applications in aerospace, energy, biomedical devices, etc. However, this type of structure has complex and dynamic behaviors, with mechanical, thermal, and electrical performances that need to be monitored in real time. A recently developed low cost, noncontact monitoring and control platform is discussed, which includes six webcams, one thermal imager, and other sense and control electronics. This platform can provide real-time information, such as current, resistance, 3-D geometry, temperature distribution, and recovery speed, acceleration, and torque, while tested structures are undergoing shape recovery. Software with a graphical user interface is developed to enable vision/thermal system calibration, information measurement, and deformation control of shape memory polymer nanocomposite structures. The salient features of the new platform are: the correlation between the webcams and the thermal imager is constructed so that the temperature at any specific point of the structure surface can be autonomously measured in real time; a new approach is included in the platform for the thermal imager calibration; the information sensed in the platform can be used to develop the recovery torque model and the surface temperature prediction model; and a control system can be developed to precisely drive the recovery process.
    Print ISSN: 1083-4435
    Electronic ISSN: 1941-014X
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Published by Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) ; American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 70
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    An SIMO Nonlinear System Approach to Analysis and Design of Vehicle Suspensions (2015)
    Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) ; American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-10-27
    Description: Vehicle suspension (or vibration control) systems are usually inherently nonlinear and can be modeled as single input multiple output (SIMO) system. In this paper, parametric convergence bounds for Volterra series expansion of nonlinear systems described by a SIMO nonlinear auto-regressive with exogenous inputs model are studied in the frequency domain, which can clearly indicate the parametric range in which a given nonlinear system has a convergent Volterra series expansion, referred to as parametric bound of convergence (PBoC). With the resulting PBoC of characteristic parameters, nonlinear systems with a nonlinear multiobjective performance (MOP) function can then be analyzed in the frequency domain using a nonlinear characteristic output spectrum method based on the Volterra series expansion. To demonstrate the results and method above, a vehicle suspension system, which is taken as a typical SIMO nonlinear system with a MOP function to optimize, is investigated. The results demonstrate a systematic and novel method for nonlinear analysis and design.
    Print ISSN: 1083-4435
    Electronic ISSN: 1941-014X
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Published by Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) ; American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 71
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Sliding DFT-Based Vibration Mode Estimator for Single-Link Flexible Manipulator (2015)
    Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) ; American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-10-27
    Description: An estimation method based on sliding discrete Fourier transform (SDFT) integrated with phase-locked loop is introduced for vibration mode estimation of single-link flexible manipulator (SLFM). Based on Euler-Lagrangian state space model and first vibration mode frequency, SDFT PLL is designed to estimate first vibration mode and harmonics that appear in tip deflection. Instantaneous change in tip deflection due to payload conditions is tracked by adaptive sampling frequency control. State-space model, estimated amplitudes and frequencies of tip deflection including harmonics are validated through experiments. Furthermore, experimental investigation on SLFM demonstrates the effectiveness of online vibration mode estimation method in presence of noise and offset.
    Print ISSN: 1083-4435
    Electronic ISSN: 1941-014X
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Published by Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) ; American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 72
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Time-Optimal Path Parameterization for Redundantly Actuated Robots: A Numerical Integration Approach (2015)
    Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) ; American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-10-27
    Description: Time-optimal path parameterization (TOPP) under actuation bounds plays a fundamental role in many robotic theories and applications. This algorithm was first developed and perfected for classical serial robotic manipulators whose actuation is nonredundant. Yet, redundantly actuated systems, such as parallel manipulators or humanoid robots in multicontact tasks, are increasingly common in all fields of robotics. Here, we extend the classical algorithm of TOPP (a.k.a. numerical integration approach) to the case of redundantly actuated systems. As illustration, we present an application to multicontact trajectory planning for a humanoid robot.
    Print ISSN: 1083-4435
    Electronic ISSN: 1941-014X
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Published by Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) ; American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 73
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Design of a Myoelectric Transhumeral Prosthesis (2016)
    Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) ; American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-07-15
    Description: This paper describes a transhumeral prosthesis prototype intended for the purpose of experimentally investigating design features and control strategies for the control of transhumeral prostheses. This paper specifically focuses on the design and performance characterization of a powered wrist rotator and powered elbow joint, in addition to the embedded system that controls them. In addition to outlining design objectives associated with the wrist and elbow joints, this paper describes the design of both joints, and the embedded system that provides control of them and the arm system. Experimental data are presented that characterizes the performance characteristics of both joints, including data associated with electrical power consumption and audible noise. The arm prosthesis described here is intended to be used with a multigrasp hand prosthesis, previously published by the authors.
    Print ISSN: 1083-4435
    Electronic ISSN: 1941-014X
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Published by Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) ; American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 74
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Piezoelectric Beam for Intrabody Propulsion Controlled by Embedded Sensing (2016)
    Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) ; American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-05-06
    Description: The body is a very challenging environment for locomotion. The mechanical properties of intrabody fluids and tissues vary by location and time. In order to move an embedded biomedical device such as a deep brain stimulation electrode, one has to identify the properties of the environment and set the propulsive actuator's input accordingly. We developed a piezoelectric actuator for propelling a microrobot in cerebro spinal fluid or burrowing in the brain tissue parenchyma. The propulsion is created by the vibration of the beam at the resonance frequencies. The driving of the actuators is controlled by in situ multi-input multi-output system identification (SI) using part of the beam as sensor and part as actuator. In this study, we model the sensing of the device, present the SI method, the calculation of the input signals to achieve maximal propulsion, and we test the driving method experimentally. The microactuator is examined in 500-cP silicon oil and a 20-mm-long actuator can achieve 3-μN propulsive force.
    Print ISSN: 1083-4435
    Electronic ISSN: 1941-014X
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Published by Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) ; American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 75
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Microscopy in this issue (2013)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-06-12
    Print ISSN: 0022-0744
    Electronic ISSN: 1477-9986
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Japanese Electron Microscopy Society.
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 76
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Yeast and fungal cell-wall polysaccharides can self-assemble in vitro into an ultrastructure resembling in vivo yeast cell walls (2013)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-06-12
    Description: Polysaccharides account for more than 90% of the content of fungal cell walls, but the mechanism underlying the formation of the architecture of the cell walls, which consist of microfibrils embedded in an amorphous wall matrix, remains unknown. We used electron microscopy to investigate ten different fungal cell-wall polysaccharides to determine whether they could self-assemble into the fibrillar or amorphous component of fungal cell walls in a test tube without enzymes. The ultrastructures formed by precipitating β-1,3-glucan and β-1,6-glucan are different depending on the existence of branching in the molecule. Linear β-1,3-glucan and linear β-1,6-glucan precipitate into a fibrillar ultrastructure. Branched β-1,6-glucan, mannan and glycogen precipitates are amorphous. Branched β-1,3-glucan forms a fibrillar plus amorphous ultrastructure. Self-assembly among combinations of different linear and branched cell-wall polysaccharides results in an ultrastructure that resembles that of a yeast cell wall, which suggests that self-assembly of polysaccharides may participate in the development of the three-dimensional architecture of the yeast cell wall.
    Print ISSN: 0022-0744
    Electronic ISSN: 1477-9986
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Japanese Electron Microscopy Society.
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 77
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Endocytic mechanism of transferrin-conjugated nanoparticles and the effects of their size and ligand number on the efficiency of drug delivery (2013)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-06-12
    Description: When considering drug delivery, the amount of drug that can be carried at a particular time and how the drug is incorporated efficiently into cells are important parameters. Transferrin (Tf)-conjugated nanocarriers have been used for the targeted delivery of drugs to cancer cells due to the availability of receptor-mediated clathrin-dependent endocytosis. In general, however, endocytosis seems to differ according to the size and shape of carriers. Large substances are generally internalized into cells by phagocytosis. We studied the internalization mechanism of Tf-conjugated nanoparticles (diameter, 522 nm). Tf-conjugated polystyrene particles were incorporated into cells by receptor-mediated endocytosis with large clathrin-coated vesicles even though their diameter was 〉500 nm and despite that fact that clathrin-coated vesicles have a diameter of 100 nm. This finding suggests that signals for internalization generated by stimulated Tf receptors (TfRs) activate clathrin-mediated endocytosis preferentially. Whether these larger particles could deliver drugs more efficiently than smaller particles was then examined. The toxicity of larger Tf-conjugated biodegradable nanoparticles (poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)) encapsulating doxorubicin (diameter, 216 ± 38 nm) was appreciably dependent on the number of Tf molecules conjugated on a particle and the number of TfRs expressed on the cell membrane. Larger Tf-conjugated particles delivered drugs to cancer cells expressing many TfRs more selectively than their smaller counterparts (diameter, 56 ± 9 nm) if they were decorated with an appropriate number of Tf molecules.
    Print ISSN: 0022-0744
    Electronic ISSN: 1477-9986
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Japanese Electron Microscopy Society.
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 78
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Imaging and diffraction of protein crystallization using TEM (2013)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-06-12
    Description: Structural biology relies on good-quality protein crystals in order for structure determination. Many factors affect the growth process of a protein crystal including the way it nucleates and the types of damage and contamination during its growth. Although the nucleation process and quality of a crystal is vital to structure determination, they are both under-studied areas of research. Our research begins to explore ways of measuring the quality of protein crystals, using TEM, thus overcoming the problems associated with viewing wet specimens in a vacuum. Our current understanding of nucleation is that it is a two-step mechanism involving the formation of nuclei from dense liquid clusters; however; it is still unclear whether nuclei first start as amorphous aggregates or as crystalline lattices. Potentially, electron diffraction may be capable of uncovering this process. Using TEM imaging and diffraction of lysozyme as a model protein crystal, we report the internal two-dimensional strain and the density of crystallites in a protein crystal, at a resolution never seen before. The TEM diffraction shows unique features of crystal mosaicity that can be directly correlated to TEM images.
    Print ISSN: 0022-0744
    Electronic ISSN: 1477-9986
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Japanese Electron Microscopy Society.
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 79
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Micro-CT observations of the 3D distribution of calcium oxalate crystals in cotyledons during maturation and germination in Lotus miyakojimae seeds (2013)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-06-12
    Description: The cotyledon of legume seeds is a storage organ that provides nutrients for seed germination and seedling growth. The spatial and temporal control of the degradation processes within cotyledons has not been elucidated. Calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystals, a common calcium deposit in plants, have often been reported to be present in legume seeds. In this study, micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) was employed at the SPring-8 facility to examine the three-dimensional distribution of crystals inside cotyledons during seed maturation and germination of Lotus miyakojimae (previously Lotus japonicus accession Miyakojima MG-20). Using this technique, we could detect the outline of the embryo, void spaces in seeds and the cotyledon venation pattern. We found several sites that strongly inhibited X-ray transmission within the cotyledons. Light and polarizing microscopy confirmed that these areas corresponded to CaOx crystals. Three-dimensional observations of dry seeds indicated that the CaOx crystals in the L. miyakojimae cotyledons were distributed along lateral veins; however, their distribution was limited to the abaxial side of the procambium. The CaOx crystals appeared at stage II (seed-filling stage) of seed development, and their number increased in dry seeds. The number of crystals in cotyledons was high during germination, suggesting that CaOx crystals are not degraded for their calcium supply. Evidence for the conservation of CaOx crystals in cotyledons during the L. miyakojimae germination process was also supported by the biochemical measurement of oxalic acid levels.
    Print ISSN: 0022-0744
    Electronic ISSN: 1477-9986
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Japanese Electron Microscopy Society.
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 80
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Optimal accelerating voltage for HRTEM imaging of zeolite (2013)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-06-12
    Description: The electron irradiation damage of MFI-type zeolite was estimated under various accelerating voltages of 100, 200 and 300 kV from successively captured high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) images. To determine the optimal accelerating voltage for HRTEM imaging of electron-sensitive MFI zeolite, the critical dose was estimated from the disappearance of a specific fast Fourier transform spot calculated from experimental images. Based only on the electron dose, a higher voltage was more advantageous. However, taking into account the minimum dose for imaging with a CCD camera, the optimal accelerating voltage for imaging MFI zeolite was 200 kV. The minimum dose for image detection with a CCD camera was surmised from the output/input signal ratio dependence on the accelerating voltage and the contrast range in simulated HRTEM images.
    Print ISSN: 0022-0744
    Electronic ISSN: 1477-9986
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Japanese Electron Microscopy Society.
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 81
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Electron holography of magnetic field generated by a magnetic recording head (2013)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-06-12
    Description: The magnetic field generated by a magnetic recording head is evaluated using electron holography. A magnetic recording head, which is connected to an electric current source, is set on the specimen holder of a transmission electron microscope. Reconstructed phase images of the region around the magnetic pole show the change in the magnetic field distribution corresponding to the electric current applied to the coil of the head. A simulation of the magnetic field, which is conducted using the finite element method, reveals good agreement with the experimental observations.
    Print ISSN: 0022-0744
    Electronic ISSN: 1477-9986
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Japanese Electron Microscopy Society.
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 82
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    A new grating X-ray spectrometer for 2-4 keV enabling a separate observation of In-L{beta} and Sn-L{alpha} emissions of indium tin oxide (2013)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-06-12
    Description: A new multilayer-coated varied line-spaced grating, JS4000, was fabricated and tested for extending the upper limit of a grating X-ray spectrometer for electron microscopy. This grating was designed for 2–3.8 keV at a grazing incidence angle of 1.35°. It was revealed that this new multilayer structure enables us to take soft-X-ray emission spectra continuously from 1.5 to 4.3 keV at the same optical setting. The full-width at half maximum of Te-L α1,2 (3.8 keV) emission peak was 27 eV. This spectrometer was applied to indium tin oxide particles and clearly resolved Sn-L α (3444 eV) and In-L β1 (3487 eV) peaks, which could not be resolved by a widely used energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer.
    Print ISSN: 0022-0744
    Electronic ISSN: 1477-9986
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Japanese Electron Microscopy Society.
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 83
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Microscopy in this issue (2013)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-04-02
    Print ISSN: 0022-0744
    Electronic ISSN: 1477-9986
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Japanese Electron Microscopy Society.
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 84
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Microscopy Hacks: development of various techniques to assist quantitative nanoanalysis and advanced electron microscopy (2013)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-04-02
    Description: For development of advanced materials, characterization using a scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) including analysis via X-ray energy-dispersive spectrometry and electron energy-loss spectrometry is essential. Recent advances in aberration-corrected instruments have offered large-scale data acquisition at a high resolution for limited acquisition times both in imaging and in analysis. Further advanced procedures are required to analyze such large-scale datasets more efficiently including quantification. In addition, more simplified tuning procedures are crucial to the best possible resolution in the latest aberration-corrected instruments. In this review article, several approaches to perform advanced electron microscopy, which the author has been developing with his colleague, are described as ‘Microscopy Hacks’. These are (i) quantification and elemental/chemical-imaging procedures, (ii) advanced statistical approaches to handle large-scale datasets and (iii) instrument characterization and tuning procedures including the latest development of an ad hoc autotuning procedure for aberration-corrected STEM imaging.
    Print ISSN: 0022-0744
    Electronic ISSN: 1477-9986
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Japanese Electron Microscopy Society.
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 85
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    A new type of molybdenum oxide crystal encapsulated inside a single-walled carbon nanotube (2013)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-04-02
    Description: The crystal structure of a new type of molybdenum oxide crystal encapsulated in a single-walled carbon nanotube (CNT) was examined via diffraction and spectroscopic techniques using both X-rays and electron beams. This new type of molybdenum oxide crystal has a chemical bonding state of MoO 3 , as confirmed by X-ray absorption spectroscopy, and the MoO 3 units exhibit axial symmetry, as clarified by electron diffraction from bundled and individual CNTs encapsulating the crystal. To obtain three-dimensional information on the structure, a cross-sectional sample was prepared using a conventional dimple and ion-mill method. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy images exhibit ring-like shapes that originated from the arrangement of the MoO 3 units inside the CNTs, as observed along the tube axis. The units are spaced 0.36 nm from each other in a ring arrangement and the distance between each ring is 0.391 nm.
    Print ISSN: 0022-0744
    Electronic ISSN: 1477-9986
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Japanese Electron Microscopy Society.
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 86
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Transmission electron microtomography in soft materials (2013)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-04-02
    Description: This review summarizes the recent advances in three-dimensional (3D) imaging techniques and their application to polymer nanostructures, for example, microphase-separated structures of block copolymers. We place particular emphasis on the method of transmission electron microtomography (electron tomography for short; hereafter abbreviated as ET). As a result of recent developments in ET, truly quantitative 3D images of polymer nanostructures can now be obtained with subnanometer resolution. The introduction of scanning optics in ET has made it possible to obtain large amounts of 3D data from micrometer-thick polymer specimens by using conventional electron microscopes at a relatively low accelerating voltage, 200 kV. Thus, ET covers structures over a wide range of thicknesses, from a few nanometers to several hundred nanometers, which corresponds to quite an important spatial range for hierarchical polymer nanostructures. ET provides clear 3D images and a wide range of new structural information that cannot be obtained using other methods. Information traditionally derived from conventional microscopy or scattering methods can be directly acquired from 3D volume data. ET is a versatile technique that is not restricted to only polymer applications; it can also be used as a powerful characterization tool in energy applications such as fuel cells.
    Print ISSN: 0022-0744
    Electronic ISSN: 1477-9986
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Japanese Electron Microscopy Society.
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 87
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Performances of an 80-200 kV microscope employing a cold-FEG and an aberration-corrected objective lens (2013)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-04-02
    Description: The performances of a newly developed 80–200 kV cold field emission gun (CFEG) transmission electron microscope (TEM) integrating a spherical aberration corrector for a TEM image-forming lens have been evaluated. To begin, we show that the stability of both emission and probe currents makes use of this new CFEG much friendlier. The energy spread of electrons emitted from the CFEG has been measured as a function of emission current and shows a very last 0.26 eV energy resolution at 200 kV and even 0.23 eV at 80 kV. The combination of the CFEG and the CEOS™ aberration corrector, associated with enhanced mechanical and electrical stabilities of this new microscope, allows reaching an information transfer below 75 pm at 200 and 80 pm at 80 kV. This unseen resolution at 200 kV has allowed us to study the structure of CoPt nanoparticles by observing direct images of their atomic arrangement along the high indexes zone axis. We have evidenced the presence of defects in these nanostructures that are not parallel to the electron beam. The precise stoichiometry of two iron oxides, FeO and Fe 2 O 3 , has been determined from an analysis of iron valence state that was obtained from a direct analysis of EELS fine structures spectrum of the two oxides.
    Print ISSN: 0022-0744
    Electronic ISSN: 1477-9986
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Japanese Electron Microscopy Society.
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 88
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Multi-reference-based multiple alignment statistics enables accurate protein-particle pickup from noisy images (2013)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-04-02
    Description: Data mining from noisy data/images is one of the most important themes in modern science and technology. Statistical image processing is a promising technique for analysing such data. Automation of particle pickup from noisy electron micrographs is essential, especially when improvement of the resolution of single particle analysis requires a huge number of particle images. For such a purpose, reference-based matching using primary three-dimensional (3D) model projections is mainly adopted. In the matching, however, the highest peaks of the correlation may not accurately indicate particles when the image is very noisy. In contrast, the density and the heights of the peaks should reflect the probability distribution of the particles. To statistically determine the particle positions from the peak distributions, we have developed a density-based peak search followed by a peak selection based on average peak height, using multi-reference alignment (MRA). Its extension, using multi-reference multiple alignment (MRMA), was found to enable particle pickup at higher accuracy even from extremely noisy images with a signal-to-noise ratio of 0.001. We refer to these new methods as stochastic pickup with MRA (MRA-StoPICK) or with MRMA (MRMA-StoPICK). MRMA-StoPICK has a higher pickup accuracy and furthermore, is almost independent of parameter settings. They were successfully applied to cryo-electron micrographs of Rice dwarf virus. Because current computational resources and parallel data processing environments allow somewhat CPU-intensive MRA-StoPICK and MRMA-StoPICK to be performed in a short period, these methods are expected to allow high-resolution analysis of the 3D structure of particles.
    Print ISSN: 0022-0744
    Electronic ISSN: 1477-9986
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Japanese Electron Microscopy Society.
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 89
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Immunohistochemistry and ultrastructural characteristics of nerve endings in the oral mucosa of rat (2013)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-04-02
    Description: The sensory nerve endings of the rat tongue, cheek and palate were studied using immunohistochemical staining and transmission electron microscopy analysis. The specimens were fixed in modified Karnovsky solution and embedded in Spurr resin. Substance P, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)- and protein gene product 9.5 (PGP b9.5)-containing nerve fibers in the rat tongue, cheek and palate were examined by electronic microscopical analysis and immunohistochemical localization. These fibers run very close to the basal lamina of the epithelium and extend into the filliform and fungiform papillae. Numerous plexiform fibers immunoreactive for substance P, CGRP and PGP 9.5 were found in the connective tissue of mucosa. Electron microscopic observations showed clearly immunostained nerve fibers, which are located very close to the basal lamina of epithelial cells. Some electron-dense granules may be observed in the axoplasms of both substance P and CGRP immunoreactive fibers. Several lamellar corpuscles into the subepithelial connective tissue papillae, Merkel corpuscles and numerous thin unmyelinated and myelinated axons were observed. The terminal axons revealed numerous mitochondria, neurofilaments, microtubules and clear vesicles in the base of axoplasmic protrusions. The lamellar cells showed caveolae and interlamelar spaces filled by amorphous substance. Between the lamellar cells and axoplasmic membrane, and in the adjacent lamellae region, desmosome-type junctions were observed. The quantitative and morphometric analysis showed nerve endings with an average area of 4.83 ± 3.4 μm 2 and 19.4 internal mitochondria in this site and the organized corpuscles with an average area of 79.24 ± 27.24 μm 2 and 24.23 internal mitochondria in this place. All the structures observed are involved in the transmission of pain and mechanoreceptors stimulus of these oral mucosae.
    Print ISSN: 0022-0744
    Electronic ISSN: 1477-9986
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Japanese Electron Microscopy Society.
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 90
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    A new F-actin structure in fungi: actin ring formation around the cell nucleus of Cryptococcus neoformans (2013)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-04-02
    Description: The F-actin cytoskeleton of Cryptococcus neoformans is known to comprise actin cables, cortical patches and cytokinetic ring. Here, we describe a new F-actin structure in fungi, a perinuclear F-actin collar ring around the cell nucleus, by fluorescent microscopic imaging of rhodamine phalloidin-stained F-actin. Perinuclear F-actin rings form in Cryptococcus neoformans treated with the microtubule inhibitor Nocodazole or with the drug solvent dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) or grown in yeast extract peptone dextrose (YEPD) medium, but they are absent in cells treated with Latrunculin A. Perinuclear F-actin rings may function as ‘funicular cabin’ for the cell nucleus, and actin cables as intracellular ‘funicular’ suspending nucleus in the central position in the cell and moving nucleus along the polarity axis along actin cables.
    Print ISSN: 0022-0744
    Electronic ISSN: 1477-9986
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Japanese Electron Microscopy Society.
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 91
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Serial block-face scanning electron microscopy combined with double-axis electron beam tomography provides new insight into cellular relationships (2013)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-04-02
    Description: To evaluate the advantages of combination of two advanced electron microscopic technologies such as serial block-face scanning electron microscopy and double-axis electron beam tomography, we analyzed the three-dimensional morphology of cellular relationships between dendritic and plasma cells in the synovial membrane from patients with rheumatoid arthritis, using the combined approach.
    Print ISSN: 0022-0744
    Electronic ISSN: 1477-9986
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Japanese Electron Microscopy Society.
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 92
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Ultrathin specimen preparation by a low-energy Ar-ion milling method (2013)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-04-02
    Description: The low-energy Ar-ion milling method was used to prepare ultrathin specimens for transmission electron microscope observation. The samples were thinned initially by a usual focused ion beam technique or typical Ar-ion milling with a high energy of 2–10 keV and were thinned additionally by an Ar-ion beam with an energy less than 1 keV, typically 500–900 eV. This low-energy ion beam was scanned over the specimen, and secondary electrons induced by the ion beam could be detected to form secondary electron images with a resolution of a few micrometre. Because a desired area can be selected and thinned by the low-energy ion beam, redeposition or cross contamination from irradiation of a metal grid that supports the sample can be prevented. It was shown that the low-energy Ar-ion beam thins a surface amorphous damage layer preferentially and effectively rather than a crystal specimen. Images from ultrathin specimens of two different materials revealed a detailed structure.
    Print ISSN: 0022-0744
    Electronic ISSN: 1477-9986
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Japanese Electron Microscopy Society.
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 93
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Subscription Page (2013)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-04-02
    Print ISSN: 0022-0744
    Electronic ISSN: 1477-9986
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Japanese Electron Microscopy Society.
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 94
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Cover Page (2013)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-04-02
    Print ISSN: 0022-0744
    Electronic ISSN: 1477-9986
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Japanese Electron Microscopy Society.
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 95
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Subscription Page (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-04-03
    Print ISSN: 0022-0744
    Electronic ISSN: 1477-9986
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Japanese Electron Microscopy Society.
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 96
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Possibility of high-resolution ptychographic iterative imaging with low energy electrons: dynamical calculations (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-04-03
    Description: Ptychographic iterative engine (PIE), a form of coherent diffractive imaging in which the phase of both low-angle and high-angle diffraction data is used to form an image without a lens, can in principle deliver wavelength-limited resolution. Working at low accelerating voltages (30 keV) reduces specimen knock-on damage, increases high-resolution contrast and allows a scanning electron microscope to be used as a transmission electron microscopy. However, electrons are very strongly scattered at low energy. To that end, the effect of dynamical scattering on PIE at low accelerating voltages is calculated to illustrate the possibility of generating high-resolution images with low energy electrons.
    Print ISSN: 0022-0744
    Electronic ISSN: 1477-9986
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Japanese Electron Microscopy Society.
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 97
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Application of multispectral imaging detects areas with neuronal myelin loss, without tissue labelling (2016)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-03-31
    Description: The application of multispectral imaging to discriminate myelinated and demyelinated areas of neural tissue is herein presented. The method is applied through a custom-made, multispectral imaging monochromator, coupled to a commercially available microscope. In the present work, a series of spinal cord sections were analysed derived from mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an experimental model widely used to study multiple sclerosis (MS). The multispectral microscope allows imaging of local areas with loss of myelin without the need of tissue labelling. Imaging with the aforementioned method and system is compared in a parallel way with conventional methods (wide-field and confocal fluorescence microscopies). The diagnostic sensitivity of our method is 90.4% relative to the ‘gold standard’ method of immunofluorescence microscopy. The presented method offers a new platform for the possible future development of an in vivo , real-time, non-invasive, rapid imaging diagnostic tool of spinal cord myelin loss-derived pathologies.
    Print ISSN: 0022-0744
    Electronic ISSN: 1477-9986
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Japanese Electron Microscopy Society.
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 98
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Recent advancement in the challenges to connectomics (2016)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-03-31
    Description: Advancement of microscopic technologies established significant progress in our understanding of the brain. In the recent effort to elucidate the complete wiring map of the brain circuitry termed ‘connectome’, the different modalities of imaging technology, including those of light and electron microscopy, have started providing essential contribution in multiple organisms. The contribution would be impossible without the recent innovation in both acquisition and analyses of the big connectomic data. The current data demonstrated complicated networks with unidirectional and reciprocal connections of the cerebral circuits at the macroscopic and light microscopic (‘mesoscopic’) levels, and the unimaginable complexity of synaptic connections between axons and dendrites at the electron microscopic (‘microscopic’) level. At the same time, the data highlighted the necessity to make substantial advancement in methodology of the connectomic studies, including efficient handling and automated analyses of the acquired dataset. Further understanding about structural and functional connectome seems to be facilitated by combinations of the different imaging modalities. Such multidisciplinary approaches will give us the clues to address whether the complete connectome can elucidate fundamental mechanisms processing the basic and higher functions of human brains.
    Print ISSN: 0022-0744
    Electronic ISSN: 1477-9986
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Japanese Electron Microscopy Society.
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 99
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Quantitative determination of occupation sites of trace Co substituted for multiple Fe sites in M-type hexagonal ferrite using statistical beam-rocking TEM-EDXS analysis (2016)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-03-31
    Description: The occupation sites and the occupancies of trace dopants in La/Co co-doped Sr-M-type ferrite, SrFe 12 O 19 , were quantitatively and precisely determined by beam-rocking energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDXS) on the basis of electron-channeling effects. Because the Co atoms, in particular, should be partially substituted for the five crystallographically inequivalent sites, which could be key parameters in improving the magneto-crystalline anisotropy, it is difficult yet intriguing to discover their occupation sites and occupancies without using the methods of large-scale facilities, such as neutron diffraction and synchrotron radiation. In the present study, we tackled this problem by applying an extended statistical atom location by channeling enhanced microanalysis method, using conventional transmission electron microscopy, EDXS and dynamical electron elastic/inelastic scattering theories. The results show that the key occupation sites of Co were the 2a, 4f 1 and 12k sites. The quantified occupancies of Co were consistent with those of the previous study, which involved a combination of neutron diffraction and extended X-ray absorption fine structure analysis, as well as energetics considerations based on by first-principles calculations.
    Print ISSN: 0022-0744
    Electronic ISSN: 1477-9986
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Japanese Electron Microscopy Society.
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 100
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Effects of isoconcentration surface threshold values on the characteristics of needle-shaped precipitates in atom probe tomography data from an aged Al-Mg-Si alloy (2016)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-03-31
    Description: Needle-shaped precipitates in an aged Al–0.62Mg–0.93Si (mass%) alloy were identified using a compositional threshold method, an isoconcentration surface, in atom probe tomography (APT). The influence of thresholds on the morphological and compositional characteristics of the precipitates was investigated. Utilizing optimum parameters for the concentration space, a reliable number density of the precipitates is obtained without dependence on the elemental concentration threshold in comparison with evaluation by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). It is suggested that careful selection of the concentration space in APT can lead to a reasonable average Mg/Si ratio for the precipitates. It was found that the maximum length and maximum diameter of the precipitates are affected by the elemental concentration threshold. Adjustment of the concentration threshold gives better agreement with the precipitate dimensions measured by TEM.
    Print ISSN: 0022-0744
    Electronic ISSN: 1477-9986
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Japanese Electron Microscopy Society.
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
Close ⊗
This website uses cookies and the analysis tool Matomo. More information can be found here...