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  • thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history  (116)
  • Springer Nature  (58)
  • Oxford University Press  (30)
  • Publications de l’École française de Rome  (28)
  • Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Collection
Keywords
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Language
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  • 1
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    L’héritage byzantin en Italie (VIIIe-XIIe siècle) (2022)
    Publications de l’École française de Rome
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: Ce quatrième et dernier volume du programme L’héritage byzantin en Italie (VIIIe-XIIe siècle), qui cherchait à analyser et à comparer l’évolution des régions autrefois soumises à l’autorité byzantine, de la Vénétie à la Sicile et à la Sardaigne en passant par Ravenne, Rome, Naples, le Salento et la Calabre, a pour thème des realia. On s’est intéressé aux originalités touchant à l’occupation du sol, aux formes de la grande propriété, aux contrats agraires et aux platee (listes de dépendants), enfin à la production et au commerce. La Sicile (sous les dominations byzantine et islamique) et la Sardaigne judicale (souvent négligée) sont bien représentées, à côté des diverses régions continentales ayant dépendu de l’Exarchat. Si, comme on s’y attendait, les évolutions sont dissemblables, les conclusions de Chris Wickham montrent la force de la tradition byzantine à propos de la grande propriété et du commerce ; l’héritage byzantin n’est pas uniforme, mais, même dans ces domaines éloignés de l’idéologie, il a laissé des traces durables.
    Keywords: Italie ; Byzance ; économie agraire ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history
    Language: French
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  • 2
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    Religious Entanglements Between Germans and Indians, 1800–1945 (2024)
    Springer Nature | Palgrave Macmillan
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: Religion as a form of cultural expression constitutes a critical element in the relationship between Germany and India. The discovery of Indian traditions in Germany and re-interpretations of those traditions in India fueled not only new theological and philosophical explorations, but also extensive innovations in the fields of music, dance, bodily experience, and political intervention. Seeking to uncover the enfolding of colonial thought structures through presentations of the Self, while placing them in the context of global colonial value chains that connected the peripheries with the centre, this interdisciplinary volume addresses India through the lens of an entangled relationship. Adopting the position that the acceleration of communication, technical development, and colonisation locally triggered re-interpretations of the religious sphere, This volume takes a look at the period from 1800 to the end of National Socialism, tracing the strands of an Indo-Germanic religion in the making as it goes along. A special emphasis is placed on the artistic expressions of religious experience including re-enactments of musical compositions and dance configurations, which were created to embody India in Germany. This is an open access book.
    Keywords: Kaiserreich ; Ahmadiyya Islam ; coloniality ; völkisch ; Madame Menaka ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHF Asian history ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QR Religion and beliefs::QRA Religion: general::QRAC Comparative religion ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHT History: specific events and topics::NHTB Social and cultural history
    Language: English
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  • 3
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    Chapter Introduction (2021)
    Oxford University Press | The Perils of Peace
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: When the war was over in 1945, Germany was a country with no government, little functioning infrastructure, millions of refugees and homeless people, and huge foreign armies living largely off the land. Large parts of the country were covered in rubble, with no clean drinking water, electricity, or gas. Hospitals overflowed with patients, but were short of beds, medicines, and medical personnel. In these conditions, the potential for epidemics and public health disasters was severe. This is a study of how the four occupiers—Britain, France, the Soviet Union, and the United States—attempted to keep their own troops and the ex-enemy population alive. While the war was still being fought, German public health was a secondary consideration for them, an unaffordable and undeserved luxury. But once fighting ceased and the occupation began, it rapidly turned into a urgent priority. Public health was now recognized as an indispensable component of creating order, keeping the population governable, and facilitating the reconstruction of German society. But they faced a number of insoluble problems in the process: Which Germans could be trusted to work with the occupiers, and how were they to be identified? Who could be tolerated because of a lack of alternatives? How, if at all, could former Nazis be reformed and reintegrated into German society? What was the purpose of the occupation anyway? This is the first carefully researched comparison of the four occupation zones which looks at the occupation through the prism of public health, an essential service fundamentally shaped by political and economic criteria, and which in turn was to determine the success or failure of the occupation.
    Keywords: post-war germany ; public health ; world war ii ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology ; thema EDItEUR::3 Time period qualifiers::3M c 1500 onwards to present day::3MP 20th century, c 1900 to c 1999::3MPQ Later 20th century c 1950 to c 1999 ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHW Military history::NHWR Specific wars and campaigns::NHWR7 Second World War ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHW Military history::NHWL Modern warfare ; thema EDItEUR::3 Time period qualifiers::3M c 1500 onwards to present day::3MP 20th century, c 1900 to c 1999::3MPB Early 20th century c 1900 to c 1950::3MPBL c 1940 to c 1949::3MPBLB c 1938 to c 1946 (World War Two period) ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MB Medicine: general issues::MBX History of medicine
    Language: English
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  • 4
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    Chapter 4 'Now, back to our Virchow': German Medical and Political Traditions in Post-war Berlin (2021)
    Oxford University Press | The Perils of Peace
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: When the war was over in 1945, Germany was a country with no government, little functioning infrastructure, millions of refugees and homeless people, and huge foreign armies living largely off the land. Large parts of the country were covered in rubble, with no clean drinking water, electricity, or gas. Hospitals overflowed with patients, but were short of beds, medicines, and medical personnel. In these conditions, the potential for epidemics and public health disasters was severe. This is a study of how the four occupiers—Britain, France, the Soviet Union, and the United States—attempted to keep their own troops and the ex-enemy population alive. While the war was still being fought, German public health was a secondary consideration for them, an unaffordable and undeserved luxury. But once fighting ceased and the occupation began, it rapidly turned into a urgent priority. Public health was now recognized as an indispensable component of creating order, keeping the population governable, and facilitating the reconstruction of German society. But they faced a number of insoluble problems in the process: Which Germans could be trusted to work with the occupiers, and how were they to be identified? Who could be tolerated because of a lack of alternatives? How, if at all, could former Nazis be reformed and reintegrated into German society? What was the purpose of the occupation anyway? This is the first carefully researched comparison of the four occupation zones which looks at the occupation through the prism of public health, an essential service fundamentally shaped by political and economic criteria, and which in turn was to determine the success or failure of the occupation.
    Keywords: post-war germany ; public health ; world war ii ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology ; thema EDItEUR::3 Time period qualifiers::3M c 1500 onwards to present day::3MP 20th century, c 1900 to c 1999::3MPQ Later 20th century c 1950 to c 1999 ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHW Military history::NHWR Specific wars and campaigns::NHWR7 Second World War ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHW Military history::NHWL Modern warfare ; thema EDItEUR::3 Time period qualifiers::3M c 1500 onwards to present day::3MP 20th century, c 1900 to c 1999::3MPB Early 20th century c 1900 to c 1950::3MPBL c 1940 to c 1949::3MPBLB c 1938 to c 1946 (World War Two period) ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MB Medicine: general issues::MBX History of medicine
    Language: English
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  • 5
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    Ving-cinq ans après (2022)
    Publications de l’École française de Rome
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: En mai 2016, un colloque international était l’occasion de célébrer, à l’École française de Rome, le XXVe anniversaire de la parution de l’Histoire des femmes en Occident et le XXe anniversaire de la publication de la Storia delle donne in Italia, deux entreprises collectives dont l’éditeur italien Laterza avait été à l’origine. Le livre collectif issu de cette rencontre revient sur la genèse de ces ouvrages pionniers, leur réception et la solidité des acquis historiographiques dont ils sont le fruit en donnant tout d’abord la parole à Michelle Perrot et à quelques-unes des éditrices d’alors ; il s’efforce ensuite de rendre compte de l’extraordinaire évolution d’un champ d’études qui s’est enrichi en suivant les parcours déjà balisés par ces œuvres majeures, mais également en empruntant des directions plus inattendues. Plus de vingt éminent-e-s spécialistes font ainsi le point sur les thématiques les plus significatives qui, de nos jours, sont au cœur des questionnements de l’histoire des femmes et du genre, inscrite désormais dans une dimension globale : circulations, migrations et métissages, lois et droits, identités personnelles, familles et masculinités, économies et cultures matérielles.
    Keywords: historiographie ; femme ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history
    Language: French
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  • 6
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    Religion and Governance in England’s Emerging Colonial Empire, 1601–1698 (2022)
    Springer Nature | Palgrave Macmillan
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: This open access book explores the role of religion in England's overseas companies and the formation of English governmental identity abroad in the seventeenth century. Drawing on research into the Virginia, East India, Massachusetts Bay, Plymouth, New England and Levant Companies, it offers a comparative global assessment of the inextricable links between the formation of English overseas government and various models of religious governance across England's emerging colonial empire. While these approaches to governance varied from company to company, each sought to regulate the behaviour of their personnel, as well as the numerous communities and faiths which fell within their jurisdiction. This book provides a crucial reassessment of the seventeenth-century foundations of British imperial governance.
    Keywords: Open access ; British Empire ; Colonialism ; Overseas trading companies ; Religious governance ; Imperial government ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHT History: specific events and topics::NHTQ Colonialism and imperialism ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QR Religion and beliefs::QRA Religion: general::QRAX History of religion
    Language: English
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  • 7
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    Rethinking Secular Time in Victorian England (2022)
    Springer Nature | Palgrave Macmillan
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: This open access book draws on conceptual resources ranging from medieval scholasticism to postmodern theory to propose a new understanding of secular time and its mediation in nineteenth-century technological networks. Untethering the concept of secularity from questions of ‘religion’ and ‘belief’, it offers an innovative rethinking of the history of secularisation that will appeal to students, scholars, and everyone interested in secularity, Victorian culture, the history of technology, and the temporalities of modernity.
    Keywords: Victorian secularisation ; modernity ; non-religion ; nineteenth-century history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QR Religion and beliefs::QRA Religion: general::QRAX History of religion ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHT History: specific events and topics::NHTB Social and cultural history ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 8
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    Living with Disfigurement in Early Medieval Europe (2021)
    Springer Nature | Springer International Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: This book is open access under a CC-BY 4.0 license. This book examines social and medical responses to the disfigured face in early medieval Europe, arguing that the study of head and facial injuries can offer a new contribution to the history of early medieval medicine and culture, as well as exploring the language of violence and social interactions. Despite the prevalence of warfare and conflict in early medieval society, and a veritable industry of medieval historians studying it, there has in fact been very little attention paid to the subject of head wounds and facial damage in the course of war and/or punitive justice. The impact of acquired disfigurement —for the individual, and for her or his family and community—is barely registered, and only recently has there been any attempt to explore the question of how damaged tissue and bone might be treated medically or surgically. In the wake of new work on disability and the emotions in the medieval period, this study documents how acquired disfigurement is recorded across different geographical and chronological contexts in the period.
    Keywords: Medieval Literature ; Medieval Philosophy ; History of Medieval Europe ; Disfigurement ; Gender ; Medicine and health ; Violence ; Literary studies: ancient, classical & medieval ; European history: medieval period, middle ages ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism::DSB Literary studies: general::DSBB Literary studies: ancient, classical and medieval ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDH Philosophical traditions and schools of thought::QDHF Medieval Western philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history
    Language: English
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  • 9
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    Les marchés de la mer (2022)
    Publications de l’École française de Rome
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: Cette recherche étudie les modalités d’approvisionnement de la ville de Venise en produits de la mer (poissons, crustacés et coquillages) au XVIIIe siècle, dans un système qui concerne à la fois des acteurs, des pratiques, des espaces et des modes de gouvernement. L’analyse prend comme point de départ les espèces, leurs lieux de croissance, les rythmes de production, puis l’exploitation du poisson qui devient une ressource alimentaire pour la ville. À Venise, l’ensemble des habitants, des patriciens aux membres du popolo les plus fragiles, consomme des produits de la mer quotidiennement et sous toutes leurs formes. Cette place remarquable du poisson dans l’alimentation a entraîné, chez les acteurs impliqués dans ce système, pêcheurs, marchands et gouvernants, d’intenses réflexions autour de la propriété, de la gestion, de l’exploitation et de la protection des espèces. L’étude se situe par conséquent à la croisée de plusieurs champs historiques (histoire environnementale, histoire sociale et histoire des institutions) et emprunte également certaines de ses approches à l’histoire économique et à l’histoire urbaine. L’enjeu est de déterminer comment se crée et se négocie un système de gestion et d’exploitation d’une ressource, impliquant des savoirs politiques, des savoirs techniques et des usages particuliers élaborés dans des milieux lagunaires et maritimes. Cette interaction est en pleine évolution au XVIIIe siècle, à une période où les mécanismes marchands et économiques sont soumis à des évolutions de conception profondes. Les ressources de la mer n’échappent pas à ces questionnements et la materia del pesce, expression utilisée par les magistrats vénitiens, devient un espace de négociation, mais également de lutte, entre les acteurs du système et les gouvernants dans la seconde moitié du XVIIIe siècle.
    Keywords: XVIIIe siècle ; marchés ; Venise ; lagune ; histoire environnementale ; ressources halieutiques ; pêcheurs ; commerce maritime ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history
    Language: French
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  • 10
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    Der junge Carnap in historischem Kontext: 1918–1935 / Young Carnap in an Historical Context: 1918–1935 (2021)
    Springer Nature | Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: This open access volume is based on the 'Early Carnap in Context’ workshop that took place in Konstanz in 2017 and looks at Rudolf Carnap’s philosophy, documented in his recently released diaries, from a combination of historical, cultural and philosophical perspectives. It enables further evaluation of the diaries and traces newly found interrelationships and their systematic definition. From a cultural and historical point of view, Logical Empiricism and Carnap’s pivotal opus, The Logical Structure of the World, did not evolve in a vacuum. This applies equally in a history of philosophy context as well as under consideration of contemporary historical and cultural influences such as the socio-cultural setting in Vienna and Prague, the correlation between Logical Empiricism and Bauhaus modernism, the connection to the Life Reform Movement or the Youth Movement with its own life philosophy. Pursuing Carnap’s progression on a micro level of history and referring the results back to Carnap’s philosophy is now facilitated by recent access to his Diaries from 1908–1935. These shorthand records, reading lists, travel reports and notes constitute a valuable source for the research of networks and social movements which left their mark on him.
    Keywords: Philosophy of Science ; European History ; Rudolf Carnap ; Carnap’s Diaries ; The Logical Structure of the World ; Life Reform Movement ; Vienna Circle ; Open Access ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDA Philosophy of science ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history
    Language: English
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    De sphaera of Johannes de Sacrobosco in the Early Modern Period (2021)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-26
    Description: This open access book explores commentaries on an influential text of pre-Copernican astronomy in Europe. It features essays that take a close look at key intellectuals and how they engaged with the main ideas of this qualitative introduction to geocentric cosmology. Johannes de Sacrobosco compiled his Tractatus de sphaera during the thirteenth century in the frame of his teaching activities at the then recently founded University of Paris. It soon became a mandatory text all over Europe. As a result, a tradition of commentaries to the text was soon established and flourished until the second half of the 17th century. Here, readers will find an informative overview of these commentaries complete with a rich context. The essays explore the educational and social backgrounds of the writers. They also detail how their careers developed after the publication of their commentaries, the institutions and patrons they were affiliated with, what their agenda was, and whether and how they actually accomplished it. The editor of this collection considers these scientific commentaries as genuine scientific works. The contributors investigate them here not only in reference to the work on which it comments but also, and especially, as independent scientific contributions that are socially, institutionally, and intellectually contextualized around their authors.
    Keywords: History ; History ; Europe—History ; Mathematics ; History ; Books—History ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GT Interdisciplinary studies ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PB Mathematics::PBX History of mathematics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science
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  • 12
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    Civilian Lunatic Asylums During the First World War (2021)
    Springer Nature | Palgrave Macmillan
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: This open access book explores the history of asylums and their civilian patients during the First World War, focusing on the effects of wartime austerity and deprivation on the provision of care. While a substantial body of literature on ‘shell shock’ exists, this study uncovers the mental wellbeing of civilians during the war. It provides the first comprehensive account of wartime asylums in London, challenging the commonly held view that changes in psychiatric care for civilians post-war were linked mainly to soldiers’ experiences and treatment. Drawing extensively on archival and published sources, this book examines the impact of medical, scientific, political, cultural and social change on civilian asylums. It compares four asylums in London, each distinct in terms of their priorities and the diversity of their patients. Revealing the histories of the 100,000 civilian patients who were institutionalised during the First World War, this book offers new insights into decision-making and prioritisation of healthcare in times of austerity, and the myriad factors which inform this.
    Keywords: Social History ; History of Medicine ; History of Britain and Ireland ; Psychiatry ; Shell shock ; Soldiers ; Madness ; Welfare austerity ; Institutional care ; Hospitals ; Patient experiences ; Napsbury ; Colney Hatch ; Claybury ; Hanwell ; Standards of care ; Open Access ; Social & cultural history ; European history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHT History: specific events and topics::NHTB Social and cultural history ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MB Medicine: general issues::MBX History of medicine ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MK Medical specialties, branches of medicine::MKL Psychiatry
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    East Central Europe Between the Colonial and the Postcolonial in the Twentieth Century (2023)
    Springer Nature | Palgrave Macmillan
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-06
    Description: This open access book explores the ambiguity of East Central Europe during the twentieth century, examining local contexts through a comparative and transnational reworking of theoretical models in postcolonial studies. Since the early modern period, East Central Europe has arguably been an object of imperialism. However, at the same time East Central European states have been seen to be colonial actors, with individuals from the region often associating themselves with colonial discourses in extra-European contexts. Spanning a broad time period until after the Second World War and covering the governance of Communism and its legacies, the book examines how cultural and literary narratives from East Central Europe have created and revised historical knowledge, making use of collective memory to feed into identity models.
    Keywords: Central Europe ; European modernity ; Post-dependence ; European Empire ; Europeanness ; Post-colonialism ; European society ; Orientalisation ; Cultural imaginaries ; Periphery ; Political history ; EU ; Post-socialism ; Post-Communism ; Nationalism ; Identity ; Literary studies ; Anti-colonialism ; Migration ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHT History: specific events and topics::NHTQ Colonialism and imperialism ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHB General and world history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHT History: specific events and topics::NHTB Social and cultural history
    Language: English
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    Dissecting the Criminal Corpse (2021)
    Springer Nature | Palgrave Macmillan
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: Those convicted of homicide were hanged on the public gallows before being dissected under the Murder Act in Georgian England. Yet, from 1752, whether criminals actually died on the hanging tree or in the dissection room remained a medical mystery in early modern society. Dissecting the Criminal Corpse takes issue with the historical cliché of corpses dangling from the hangman’s rope in crime studies. Some convicted murderers did survive execution in early modern England. Establishing medical death in the heart-lungs-brain was a physical enigma. Criminals had large bull-necks, strong willpowers, and hearty survival instincts. Extreme hypothermia often disguised coma in a prisoner hanged in the winter cold. The youngest and fittest were capable of reviving on the dissection table. Many died under the lancet. Capital legislation disguised a complex medical choreography that surgeons staged. They broke the Hippocratic Oath by executing the Dangerous Dead across England from 1752 until 1832.
    Keywords: georgian england ; convicts ; murderers ; homicide ; early modern england ; murder act ; crime studies ; Anatomy ; Autopsy ; Capital punishment ; Dissection ; Gallows ; Hanging ; London ; Surgeons' Hall ; Surgery ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHT History: specific events and topics::NHTB Social and cultural history ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science
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    Victims' State (2022)
    Oxford University Press | OUP USA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Victims' State is the first integrated account of how Imperial Austria and the successor Austrian Republic responded to the needs of citizen-soldiers and their families in the age of mass politics and the First World War. It shows that compulsory military service and war mobilization changed the mission of the Austrian state and citizens' understanding of what they were entitled to, thus showing how war victim welfare was central to shaping modern European welfare state.
    Keywords: warfare-welfare nexus;Imperial Austria;Austrian First Republic;welfare state;First World War;disabled veteran;pension;conscription;war victim;social citizenship ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHW Military history::NHWR Specific wars and campaigns::NHWR5 First World War ; thema EDItEUR::3 Time period qualifiers::3M c 1500 onwards to present day::3MP 20th century, c 1900 to c 1999::3MPB Early 20th century c 1900 to c 1950::3MPBF c 1910 to c 1919::3MPBFB c 1914 to c 1918 (World War One period) ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History
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    The Rise and Fall of the People's Parties (2023)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: The decline of the centre-left and centre-right people’s parties is arguably the most poignant feature of the crisis of democracy in Western Europe today. To understand why, this book explores the striking parallels between the life of democracy and that of the people’s parties over the course of the past century. It offers a transnational window on the history of democracy since 1918 by weaving together three epochs which are often studied apart: democracy’s troubled history in the Interwar era; the trente glorieuses after the Second World War; and the period since the 1970s. The book shows that democracy was only stabilized and legitimized when people’s parties emerged that managed to balance between facilitating popular participation from below, bridging divisions between social groups, and practising the politics of compromise. Ideas for such parties existed already in the first decades of the twentieth century. Nonetheless, Socialist and Catholic mass parties failed to transform into people’s parties, which was essential for the crisis (and breakdown) of democracy in the Interwar era. This was a traumatic experience which contributed to the unexpected stabilization of democracy after 1945 as party leaders transformed their organizations into broad-based people’s parties that embraced compromise and responsibility. However, this stability did not last, and paradoxically their transformation also harboured the seeds of democracy’s more recent problems. Over the past decades, people’s parties have struggled to connect to an individualizing society while having become increasingly absorbed by their governing responsibilities.
    Keywords: democracy, history, political parties, people’s parties, Christian democracy, Social democracy, crisis, populism, twentieth century, Western Europe ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHT History: specific events and topics::NHTW Cold wars and proxy conflicts ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPF Political ideologies and movements::JPFK Centrist democratic ideologies
    Language: English
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    « Sous les pas des frères » (2022)
    Publications de l’École française de Rome
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: Ce livre aborde l’art funéraire du XIIIe siècle par un biais original. Il s’intéresse à la manière dont les Frères Prêcheurs et Mineurs ont traité les sépultures de papes et de cardinaux dans leur discours, à la fois littéraire et monumental, entre 1250 et 1304. L’analyse des tombes de prélats situées dans des églises mendiantes, réparties entre l’Italie et la France, révèle une intervention des frères dans les choix d’emplacement, de forme et d’iconographie. Il ressort ainsi de l’enquête que les Frères Prêcheurs ont eu une politique de leur espace davantage planifiée que les Frères Mineurs, puisqu’ils n’acceptèrent dans le chœur de leurs églises que les sépultures de prélats appartenant à l’ordre, surmontées d’une plate-tombe. De leur côté, les Frères Mineurs ont construit un discours original sur leur rôle dans l’accompagnement des mourants, à la fois dans l’iconographie et dans la littérature homilétique. Enfin, ce livre accorde une place importante aux procédés mis en œuvre par les mendiants pour « créer » des saints parmi les prélats qui étaient issus de l’ordre ou qui en étaient des bienfaiteurs.
    Keywords: 14th century ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history
    Language: French
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    Franco's Internationalists (2023)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: This book tells the story of the experts who sold the idea of Franco’s ‘social state’. Despite the repression, violence, and social hardship which characterized Spanish life in the 1940s and 1950s, the Franco regime sought to win popular support by promoting its apparent commitment to social justice. This book reveals the vital role which the idea of the social state also played in the regime’s ongoing search for international legitimacy. It shows how social experts, particularly those working in the fields of public health, medicine, and social insurance, were at the forefront of efforts to promote the regime to the outside world. By working with international organizations and transnational networks across Europe, Africa, and Latin America, they sought to sell the idea of Franco’s Spain as a respectable, modern, and socially just state. In doing so the book also seeks to disrupt our understanding of the modern history of internationalism. Exploring what it meant for Francoist experts to think and act internationally, it challenges dominant accounts of internationalism as a liberal, progressive movement by foregrounding the history of fascist, nationalist, imperialist, and religious forms of international cooperation. The case of Spain reveals the contested and heterogenous nature of mid-twentieth-century internationalism, characterized by the tumultuous interplay of overlapping global, regional, and imperial projects. It also brings into focus the overlooked continuities between international structures and projects before and after 1945.
    Keywords: internationalism, international organizations, international health, Franco’s Spain, Francoism, Franco regime, Spanish history, fascism ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology ; thema EDItEUR::3 Time period qualifiers::3M c 1500 onwards to present day::3MP 20th century, c 1900 to c 1999 ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHW Military history::NHWR Specific wars and campaigns::NHWR3 Civil wars ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHW Military history::NHWL Modern warfare ; thema EDItEUR::1 Place qualifiers::1D Europe::1DS Southern Europe::1DSE Spain ; thema EDItEUR::3 Time period qualifiers::3M c 1500 onwards to present day::3MP 20th century, c 1900 to c 1999::3MPB Early 20th century c 1900 to c 1950::3MPBG c 1919 to c 1939 (Inter-war period)::3MPBGJ c 1930 to c 1939 ; thema EDItEUR::3 Time period qualifiers::3M c 1500 onwards to present day::3MP 20th century, c 1900 to c 1999::3MPB Early 20th century c 1900 to c 1950::3MPBG c 1919 to c 1939 (Inter-war period) ; thema EDItEUR::3 Time period qualifiers::3M c 1500 onwards to present day::3MP 20th century, c 1900 to c 1999::3MPQ Later 20th century c 1950 to c 1999 ; thema EDItEUR::3 Time period qualifiers::3M c 1500 onwards to present day::3MP 20th century, c 1900 to c 1999::3MPB Early 20th century c 1900 to c 1950::3MPBL c 1940 to c 1949::3MPBLB c 1938 to c 1946 (World War Two period)
    Language: English
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    Work and Occupation in French and English Mental Hospitals, c.1918-1939 (2023)
    Springer Nature | Palgrave Macmillan
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: This open access book demonstrates that, while occupation has been used to treat the mentally disordered since the early nineteenth century, approaches to its use have varied across different countries and in different time periods. Comparing how occupation was used in French and English mental institutions between 1918 and 1939, one hundred years after the heyday of moral therapy, the book is an essential read for those researching the history of mental health and medicine more generally. It provides an overview of the legislation, management structures and financial conditions that affected mental institutions in France and England, and contributed to their differing responses to the new theories of occupational therapy emerging from the USA and Germany during the interwar period.
    Keywords: Mental health ; Moral therapy ; History of psychiatry ; Psychology ; History of work ; Mental institutions ; Mental disorder ; Interwar period ; Neurology ; Occupational therapy ; Medical history ; Patient ; France ; England ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MB Medicine: general issues::MBX History of medicine ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHT History: specific events and topics::NHTB Social and cultural history
    Language: English
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    UK Child Migration to Australia, 1945-1970 (2021)
    Springer Nature | Palgrave Macmillan
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: This open access book offers an unprecedented analysis of child welfare schemes, situating them in the wider context of post-war policy debates about the care of children. Between 1945 and 1970, an estimated 3,500 children were sent from Britain to Australia, unaccompanied by their parents, through child migration schemes funded by the Australian and British Governments and delivered by churches, religious orders and charities. Functioning in a wider history of the migration of unaccompanied children to overseas British colonies, the post-war schemes to Australia have become the focus of public attention through a series of public reports in Britain and Australia that have documented the harm they caused to many child migrants. Whilst addressing the wide range of organisations involved, the book focuses particularly on knowledge, assumptions and decisions within UK Government Departments and asks why these schemes continued to operate in the post-war period despite often failing to adhere to standards of child-care set out in the influential 1946 Curtis Report. Some factors – such as the tensions between British policy on child-care and assisted migration – are unique to these schemes. However, the book also examines other factors such as complex government systems, fragmented lines of departmental responsibility and civil service cultures that may contribute to the failure of vulnerable people across a much wider range of policy contexts.
    Keywords: History of Britain and Ireland ; History, general ; Imperialism and Colonialism ; Australian History ; religion ; charity ; colonies ; open access ; empire ; European history ; History ; Historiography ; Colonialism & imperialism ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHT History: specific events and topics::NHTQ Colonialism and imperialism
    Language: English
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    Artisans Abroad (2023)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-06
    Description: Between 1815 and 1870, when European industrialisation was in its infancy and Britain enjoyed a technological lead, thousands of British workers emigrated to the Continent. They played a key role in several sectors such as textiles, iron, mechanics, and the railways. These men and women thereby contributed significantly to the industrial take-off in continental Europe. This book examines the lives and trajectories of these workers, who emigrated from manufacturing centres in Britain to France, Belgium, Germany, and other countries. It is interested in their mobilities, their culture, their politics, and their relations with the local populations. It reminds us that the British economy was not just orientated towards the Empire and the United States, but also towards the Continent, long before the European Union and Brexit. It shows how critical the part played by migrant workers in the industrial revolution was. Artisans Abroad is the first social and cultural history of this forgotten migration.
    Keywords: industrial revolution, industrialisation, migration, migrants, emigrants, immigrants, workers, artisans, labour, Britain, France, Belgium ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology ; thema EDItEUR::3 Time period qualifiers::3M c 1500 onwards to present day ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHT History: specific events and topics::NHTB Social and cultural history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHT History: specific events and topics::NHTK Industrialisation and industrial history
    Language: English
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    Chapter 6 The Disappearing Body: Dissection to the Extremities (2021)
    Springer Nature | Dissecting the Criminal Corpse | Palgrave Macmillan
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: Those convicted of homicide were hanged on the public gallows before being dissected under the Murder Act in Georgian England. Yet, from 1752, whether criminals actually died on the hanging tree or in the dissection room remained a medical mystery in early modern society. Dissecting the Criminal Corpse takes issue with the historical cliché of corpses dangling from the hangman’s rope in crime studies. Some convicted murderers did survive execution in early modern England. Establishing medical death in the heart-lungs-brain was a physical enigma. Criminals had large bull-necks, strong willpowers, and hearty survival instincts. Extreme hypothermia often disguised coma in a prisoner hanged in the winter cold. The youngest and fittest were capable of reviving on the dissection table. Many died under the lancet. Capital legislation disguised a complex medical choreography that surgeons staged. They broke the Hippocratic Oath by executing the Dangerous Dead across England from 1752 until 1832.
    Keywords: georgian england ; convicts ; murderers ; homicide ; early modern england ; murder act ; crime studies ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHT History: specific events and topics::NHTB Social and cultural history ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science
    Language: English
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    Chapter Acknowledgements (2021)
    Oxford University Press | The Perils of Peace
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: When the war was over in 1945, Germany was a country with no government, little functioning infrastructure, millions of refugees and homeless people, and huge foreign armies living largely off the land. Large parts of the country were covered in rubble, with no clean drinking water, electricity, or gas. Hospitals overflowed with patients, but were short of beds, medicines, and medical personnel. In these conditions, the potential for epidemics and public health disasters was severe. This is a study of how the four occupiers—Britain, France, the Soviet Union, and the United States—attempted to keep their own troops and the ex-enemy population alive. While the war was still being fought, German public health was a secondary consideration for them, an unaffordable and undeserved luxury. But once fighting ceased and the occupation began, it rapidly turned into a urgent priority. Public health was now recognized as an indispensable component of creating order, keeping the population governable, and facilitating the reconstruction of German society. But they faced a number of insoluble problems in the process: Which Germans could be trusted to work with the occupiers, and how were they to be identified? Who could be tolerated because of a lack of alternatives? How, if at all, could former Nazis be reformed and reintegrated into German society? What was the purpose of the occupation anyway? This is the first carefully researched comparison of the four occupation zones which looks at the occupation through the prism of public health, an essential service fundamentally shaped by political and economic criteria, and which in turn was to determine the success or failure of the occupation.
    Keywords: post-war germany ; public health ; world war ii ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology ; thema EDItEUR::3 Time period qualifiers::3M c 1500 onwards to present day::3MP 20th century, c 1900 to c 1999::3MPQ Later 20th century c 1950 to c 1999 ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHW Military history::NHWR Specific wars and campaigns::NHWR7 Second World War ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHW Military history::NHWL Modern warfare ; thema EDItEUR::3 Time period qualifiers::3M c 1500 onwards to present day::3MP 20th century, c 1900 to c 1999::3MPB Early 20th century c 1900 to c 1950::3MPBL c 1940 to c 1949::3MPBLB c 1938 to c 1946 (World War Two period) ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MB Medicine: general issues::MBX History of medicine
    Language: English
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    Lier et délier la propriété (2022)
    Publications de l’École française de Rome
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: Les fidéicommis étaient consubstantiels aux sociétés d’Ancien Régime. En rendant les biens indisponibles et en fixant la ligne de succession, ces fondations testamentaires visaient la conservation de l’assise matérielle des familles. Au nom de la libre circulation des biens et d’une conception absolue de la propriété, ils furent au XVIIIe siècle l’objet de critiques qui débouchèrent sur des réformes dans certains États italiens. Rien de tel dans la République de Venise où le patriciat n’envisagea jamais de réformes systémiques qui risquaient de remettre en cause les équilibres politiques et sociaux. Néanmoins, dès la fin du XVe siècle, l’État vénitien légiféra à mesure que les fidéicommis entraient en contradiction avec d’autres systèmes normatifs : le recouvrement des créances et des impôts et le remboursement des dots. L’État définit également les conditions de levée de l’inaliénabilité des biens et mit en place, sous l’égide des Juges du Procurator, une procédure pour garantir le réinvestissement des capitaux assujettis à fidéicommis (emprunts publics et prêts) au prix d’un travail administratif considérable. L’exploitation des archives de cette cour permet d’éclairer le rôle de l’autorité judiciaire dans la cogestion des fidéicommis et celui des ayants droit qui pouvaient se comporter en administrateurs actifs, capables de remodeler le contenu du fidéicommis sans changer sa valeur. En scrutant les modalités du passage de l’indisponible au disponible, ce livre interroge l’élasticité d’un dispositif réputé pour sa rigidité ; il démontre aussi que les fidéicommis étaient une institution totalisante dont le gouvernement était autant une affaire de famille que l’affaire de l’État.
    Keywords: Venise ; droit ; succession ; fidéicommis ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history
    Language: French
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    Cold War Civil Defence in Western Europe (2021)
    Springer Nature | Palgrave Macmillan
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: This open access edited collection brings together established and new perspectives on Cold War civil defence in Western Europe within a common analytical framework that also facilitates comparative and transnational dimensions. The current interest in creating disaster-resilient societies demands new histories of civil defence. Historical contextualization is essential in order to understand what is at stake in preparing, devising, and implementing forms of preparedness, protection, and security that are specifically targeted at societies and citizens. Applying the concept of sociotechnical imaginaries to civil defence history, the chapters of this volume cover a range of new themes, from technology and materiality to media, memory, and everyday experience. The book underlines the social embeddedness of civil defence by detailing how it both prompted new forms of social interaction and reflected norms and visions of the ‘good society’ in an age where nuclear technology seemed to hold the key to both doom and salvation.
    Keywords: Survival ; Resilience ; Disaster planning ; Terrorism ; Nuclear conflict ; Memory studies ; Materiality ; Everyday experience ; Cold War ; NATO ; Twentieth century ; open access ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JW Warfare and defence ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHT History: specific events and topics::NHTB Social and cultural history ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History
    Language: English
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    Chapter 5 Mapping Punishment: Provincial Places to Dissect (2021)
    Springer Nature | Dissecting the Criminal Corpse | Palgrave Macmillan
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: Those convicted of homicide were hanged on the public gallows before being dissected under the Murder Act in Georgian England. Yet, from 1752, whether criminals actually died on the hanging tree or in the dissection room remained a medical mystery in early modern society. Dissecting the Criminal Corpse takes issue with the historical cliché of corpses dangling from the hangman’s rope in crime studies. Some convicted murderers did survive execution in early modern England. Establishing medical death in the heart-lungs-brain was a physical enigma. Criminals had large bull-necks, strong willpowers, and hearty survival instincts. Extreme hypothermia often disguised coma in a prisoner hanged in the winter cold. The youngest and fittest were capable of reviving on the dissection table. Many died under the lancet. Capital legislation disguised a complex medical choreography that surgeons staged. They broke the Hippocratic Oath by executing the Dangerous Dead across England from 1752 until 1832.
    Keywords: georgian england ; convicts ; murderers ; homicide ; early modern england ; murder act ; crime studies ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHT History: specific events and topics::NHTB Social and cultural history ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science
    Language: English
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    The Early Modern Dutch Press in an Age of Religious Persecution (2023)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: For victims of persecution, attracting international awareness of their plight is often a matter of life and death. This book uncovers how in seventeenth-century Europe, persecuted minorities first learned how to use the press as a weapon to combat religious persecution. To mobilize foreign audiences, they faced an acute dilemma: how to make people care about distant suffering? This study argues that by answering this question, they laid the foundations of a humanitarian culture in Europe. The book reveals how, as consuming news became an everyday practice for many Europeans, the Dutch Republic emerged as an international hub of printed protest against religious violence. It traces how a diverse group of people, including Waldensian refugees, Huguenot ministers, Savoyard officeholders, and many others, all sought access to the Dutch printing presses to raise transnational solidarity for their cause. By examining their publicity strategies, this study deepens our understanding of how people tried to confront the specter of religious violence that had haunted them for generations.
    Keywords: humanitarianism, religious persecution, Dutch Republic, religious violence, pamphlet, religious conflict, public sphere, refugee, compassion, Protestantism ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology ; thema EDItEUR::3 Time period qualifiers::3M c 1500 onwards to present day ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHT History: specific events and topics::NHTB Social and cultural history ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QR Religion and beliefs::QRA Religion: general::QRAX History of religion
    Language: English
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    A History of Male Psychological Disorders in Britain, 1945-1980 (2021)
    Springer Nature | Palgrave Macmillan
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: This book is open access under a CC BY license and explores the under-researched history of male mental illness from the mid-twentieth century. It argues that statistics suggesting women have been more vulnerable to depression and anxiety are misleading since they underplay a host of alternative presentations of 'distress' more common in men.
    Keywords: History of Science ; Social History ; History of Britain and Ireland ; Modern History ; Psychotherapy ; Gender Studies ; Mental illness ; gender ; masculinity ; psychosomatic illness ; alcoholism ; suicide ; general practice ; history ; alcohol ; anxiety ; coping ; depression ; health ; pharmacology ; stress ; women ; History of science ; Social & cultural history ; European history ; History ; Clinical psychology ; Gender studies, gender groups ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHT History: specific events and topics::NHTB Social and cultural history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHB General and world history ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MK Medical specialties, branches of medicine::MKM Clinical psychology::MKMT Psychotherapy ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBS Social groups, communities and identities::JBSF Gender studies, gender groups
    Language: English
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    Chapter 2 Becoming Really Dead: Dying by Degrees (2021)
    Springer Nature | Dissecting the Criminal Corpse | Palgrave Macmillan
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: Those convicted of homicide were hanged on the public gallows before being dissected under the Murder Act in Georgian England. Yet, from 1752, whether criminals actually died on the hanging tree or in the dissection room remained a medical mystery in early modern society. Dissecting the Criminal Corpse takes issue with the historical cliché of corpses dangling from the hangman’s rope in crime studies. Some convicted murderers did survive execution in early modern England. Establishing medical death in the heart-lungs-brain was a physical enigma. Criminals had large bull-necks, strong willpowers, and hearty survival instincts. Extreme hypothermia often disguised coma in a prisoner hanged in the winter cold. The youngest and fittest were capable of reviving on the dissection table. Many died under the lancet. Capital legislation disguised a complex medical choreography that surgeons staged. They broke the Hippocratic Oath by executing the Dangerous Dead across England from 1752 until 1832.
    Keywords: georgian england ; convicts ; murderers ; homicide ; early modern england ; murder act ; crime studies ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHT History: specific events and topics::NHTB Social and cultural history ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science
    Language: English
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    Social Movements in 1980s Sweden (2023)
    Springer Nature | Palgrave Macmillan
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: This open access book discusses the emergence and development, and in some cases also the disappearance, of social movements and activism in Sweden during the 1980s. Its aim is to nuance and problematize the image of the 1980s as unilaterally dominated by right-wing politics and neoliberalism, as well as the idea of a conflict-free Scandinavian model. The 1980s have often been described as a period when the influence of radical-left movements during the 1970s diminished. Instead, this book argues that the 1980s was a decade in which new radical social movements emerged in opposition to the prevalent political order, including the nuclear disarmament movement, the women's movement, anti-fascist movements, and the punk and environmental movements. The authors also demonstrate how issues such as squatting, nuclear resistance, rent strikes and the environment, included a variety of contentious collective action. Sweden, therefore, presents an interesting example of how resistance and conflict in a strong welfare state have been influenced by contentious social movements. Placing Sweden within the wider context of Scandinavia and Europe, this edited collection makes an important contribution to the history of social movements.
    Keywords: Political activism ; Protest ; Swedish history ; Riots ; Scandinavian history ; Conflict ; Violence ; Nuclear disarmament ; Women's movement ; Anti-fascist movement ; Punk movement ; Environmental movement ; Militancy ; Left-wing politics ; Labour history ; Welfare state ; Rent strikes ; Squatting ; History of welfare ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHT History: specific events and topics::NHTB Social and cultural history ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPA Political science and theory ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPQ Central / national / federal government::JPQB Central / national / federal government policies
    Language: English
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    Chapter 4 Delivering Post-Mortem Harm: Cutting the Corpse (2021)
    Springer Nature | Dissecting the Criminal Corpse | Palgrave Macmillan
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: Those convicted of homicide were hanged on the public gallows before being dissected under the Murder Act in Georgian England. Yet, from 1752, whether criminals actually died on the hanging tree or in the dissection room remained a medical mystery in early modern society. Dissecting the Criminal Corpse takes issue with the historical cliché of corpses dangling from the hangman’s rope in crime studies. Some convicted murderers did survive execution in early modern England. Establishing medical death in the heart-lungs-brain was a physical enigma. Criminals had large bull-necks, strong willpowers, and hearty survival instincts. Extreme hypothermia often disguised coma in a prisoner hanged in the winter cold. The youngest and fittest were capable of reviving on the dissection table. Many died under the lancet. Capital legislation disguised a complex medical choreography that surgeons staged. They broke the Hippocratic Oath by executing the Dangerous Dead across England from 1752 until 1832.
    Keywords: georgian england ; convicts ; murderers ; homicide ; early modern england ; murder act ; crime studies ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHT History: specific events and topics::NHTB Social and cultural history ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science
    Language: English
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    Logischer Empirismus, Lebensreform und die deutsche Jugendbewegung (2022)
    Springer Nature | Springer International Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: This open-access book is the first to investigate the roots of Logical Empiricism in the context of the Life Reform and the German Youth Movements. Rudolf Carnap and Hans Reichenbach are the key protagonists; they both belonged to the German Youth Movement and developed their early philosophical views in this setting. By combining scholarly essays with unpublished and hard to access manuscripts, letters, and articles, this volume recasts our understanding of the early years of Logical Empiricism.
    Keywords: The Logical Structure of the World ; Life Reform Movement ; Vienna Circle ; Logical Empircism ; The German Youth Movement ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDA Philosophy of science ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history
    Language: English
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    The French Invention of Menopause and the Medicalisation of Women's Ageing (2023)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-31
    Description: Doctors writing about menopause in France vastly outnumbered those in other cultures throughout the entire nineteenth century. The concept of menopause was invented by Frenchmen medical students in the aftermath of the French Revolution, becoming an important pedagogic topic and a common theme of doctors’ professional identities in postrevolutionary biomedicine. Older women were identified as an important patient cohort for the expanding medicalisation of French society and were advised to entrust themselves to the hygienic care of doctors in managing the whole era of life from around and after the final cessation of menses. However, menopause owed much of its conceptual weft to earlier themes of women as the sicker sex, of vitalist crisis, of the vapours, and of astrological climacteric years. This book is the first comprehensive study of the origins of the medical concept of menopause, richly contextualising its role in nineteenth-century French medicine and revealing the complex threads of meaning that informed its invention. It tells a complex story of how women’s ageing featured in the demographic revolution in modern science, in the denigration of folk medicine, in the unique French field of hygiène, and in the fixation on women in the emergence of modern psychiatry. It also reveals the nineteenth-century French origins of the still-current medical and alternative-health approaches to women’s ageing as something to be managed through gynaecological surgery, hormonal replacement, and lifestyle intervention.
    Keywords: history of menopause, French medical history, French women’s history, history of women’s ageing, women as patients in modern biomedicine, gendered medical concepts ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MB Medicine: general issues::MBX History of medicine ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHT History: specific events and topics::NHTB Social and cultural history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology ; thema EDItEUR::3 Time period qualifiers::3M c 1500 onwards to present day ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history
    Language: English
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    Points of Entanglement in French Caribbean Travel Writing (1620-1722) (2023)
    Springer Nature | Palgrave Macmillan
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: This open-access book investigates Francophone Caribbean literature by exploring and analyzing French seventeenth-century travel writings. The book argues for a literary re-examination of the representation of the early colonial Caribbean by proposing theoretical linkages to contemporary Caribbean theories of creolization and archipelagic thinking. Using Édouard Glissant’s notion of points of entanglement, Christina Kullberg claims that the historical, social, and political messiness of the Caribbean seventeenth century make for complex representations and expressions, generating textual instability despite the travelers’ apparent desires to domesticate the islands. Taking a synoptic approach to travel narratives in French from 1620 up to the publication of Labat’s Nouveau voyage aux Isles de l’Amérique in 1722, Kullberg examines textual instances where the islands and the peoples of this period disrupt and unsettle dominant French narratives and enter productively into the construction of knowledge and the representations of the region. Kullberg’s contribution is to read French early modern travels in situ as shaped by the archipelagic geography, its history and social formations in order to interrogate both the construction and the limitations of discourses of power.
    Keywords: travel writing ; Caribbean literature ; French seventeenth-century travelogues ; Francophone Caribbean ; Édouard Glissant ; baroque period ; archipelagic ; colonialism ; geography ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism::DSB Literary studies: general ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism::DSB Literary studies: general::DSBH Literary studies: c 1900 to c 2000::DSBH5 Literary studies: postcolonial literature ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHT History: specific events and topics::NHTQ Colonialism and imperialism ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history
    Language: English
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    Chapter 1 The Condemned Body Leaving the Courtroom (2021)
    Springer Nature | Dissecting the Criminal Corpse | Palgrave Macmillan
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: Those convicted of homicide were hanged on the public gallows before being dissected under the Murder Act in Georgian England. Yet, from 1752, whether criminals actually died on the hanging tree or in the dissection room remained a medical mystery in early modern society. Dissecting the Criminal Corpse takes issue with the historical cliché of corpses dangling from the hangman’s rope in crime studies. Some convicted murderers did survive execution in early modern England. Establishing medical death in the heart-lungs-brain was a physical enigma. Criminals had large bull-necks, strong willpowers, and hearty survival instincts. Extreme hypothermia often disguised coma in a prisoner hanged in the winter cold. The youngest and fittest were capable of reviving on the dissection table. Many died under the lancet. Capital legislation disguised a complex medical choreography that surgeons staged. They broke the Hippocratic Oath by executing the Dangerous Dead across England from 1752 until 1832.
    Keywords: georgian england ; convicts ; murderers ; homicide ; early modern england ; murder act ; crime studies ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHT History: specific events and topics::NHTB Social and cultural history ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science
    Language: English
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    L’économie du ‘mouchoir’ : crédit et microcrédit à Venise au XVIIIe siècle (2022)
    Publications de l’École française de Rome
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: La littérature sur le crédit à l’époque moderne s’est souvent focalisée sur les Monts-de-piété, les prêteurs juifs et les notaires, considérés comme le noyau du système de crédit préindustriel. Cependant, pour la majorité des habitants des villes de l’Ancien Régime, le besoin presque quotidien d’obtenir de petits prêts était satisfait par d’autres voies, moins connues mais tout aussi fondamentales pour la fragile économie des couches populaires. En utilisant des sources d’archives inédites, ce volume analyse l’architecture du marché du crédit à Venise au XVIIIe siècle. Au sein de ce marché, il est apparu que osti (aubergistes) et bastioneri – gestionnaires des bastioni, entrepôts où le vin était vendu à emporter – occupaient une place centrale, à la fois comme fournisseurs de biens de première nécessité et prêteurs sur gage. Ils étaient un point de référence incontournable pour les franges les plus pauvres et vulnérables de la société, les protagonistes de ce que l’auteur appelle « l’économie du mouchoir » (economia del fazzoletto). Chaque année osti et bastioneri prenaient en gage des dizaines de milliers d’objets d’usage quotidien – la vraie « richesse » des pauvres – dans le cadre de transactions à mi-chemin entre crédit et consommation. Les coffres et les armoires des Vénitiens devenaient de véritables réserve de valeur, toujours disponibles pour être exploitées en cas de besoin : il s’agissait d’une ressource fondamentale, qui leur permettait de survivre, un mouchoir à la fois.
    Keywords: Venise ; Italie ; crédit ; pauvreté ; XVIIIe siècle ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history
    Language: French
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    Lived Nation as the History of Experiences and Emotions in Finland, 1800-2000 (2021)
    Springer Nature | Palgrave Macmillan
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: This open access book uses Finland in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries as an empirical case in order to study the emergence, shaping and renewal of a nation through histories of experience and emotions. It revolves around the following questions: What kinds of experiences have engendered national mobilization and feelings of national belonging? How have political and societal conflicts turned into new communities of experience and emotion? What kinds of experiences have been integrated into, or excluded from, the national context in different instances? How have people internalized or contested the nation as a context for their personal, family and minority-group experiences? In what ways has the nation entered and affected people’s intimate spheres of life? How have “national” experiences been transmitted to children in the renewal of the nation? This edited collection points to the histories of experience and emotions as a novel way of studying nations and nationalism. Building on current debates in nationalism studies, it offers a theoretical framework for analyzing the historical construction of “lived nations,” and introduces a number of new methodological approaches to understand the experiences of the nation, extending from the investigation of personal reminiscences and music records to the study of dreams and children’s drawings.
    Keywords: Social History ; Historiography and Method ; History of Modern Europe ; Open Access ; nation state ; welfare state ; everyday nationalism ; history of emotions ; history of experiences ; Social & cultural history ; Historiography ; European history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHT History: specific events and topics::NHTB Social and cultural history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHA History: theory and methods::NHAH Historiography ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history
    Language: English
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    Harnessing the Power of the Criminal Corpse (2021)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: This open access book is the culmination of many years of research on what happened to the bodies of executed criminals in the past. Focusing on the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, it looks at the consequences of the 1752 Murder Act. These criminal bodies had a crucial role in the history of medicine, and the history of crime, and great symbolic resonance in literature and popular culture. Starting with a consideration of the criminal corpse in the medieval and early modern periods, chapters go on to review the histories of criminal justice, of medical history and of gibbeting under the Murder Act, and ends with some discussion of the afterlives of the corpse, in literature, folklore and in contemporary medical ethics. Using sophisticated insights from cultural history, archaeology, literature, philosophy and ethics as well as medical and crime history, this book is a uniquely interdisciplinary take on a fascinating historical phenomenon.
    Keywords: History ; Great Britain—History ; History ; Crime—Sociological aspects ; Historical sociology ; Social history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHT History: specific events and topics::NHTB Social and cultural history ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JH Sociology and anthropology::JHB Sociology ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JK Social services and welfare, criminology::JKV Crime and criminology ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science
    Language: English
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    Bearing Witness (2021)
    Springer Nature | Palgrave Macmillan
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: This open access book is the biography of one of Britain’s foremost animal welfare campaigners and of the world of activism, science, and politics she inhabited. In 1964, Ruth Harrison’s bestseller Animal Machines triggered a gear change in modern animal protection by popularising the term ‘factory farming’ alongside a new way of thinking about animal welfare. Here, historian Claas Kirchhelle explores Harrison’s avant-garde upbringing, Quakerism, and how animal welfare debates were linked to concerns about the wider ethical and environmental trajectories of post-war Britain. Breaking the myth of Harrison as a one-hit wonder, Kirchhelle reconstructs Harrison’s 46 years of campaigning and the rapid transformation of welfare politics and science during this time. Exacerbated by Harrison’s own actions, the decades after 1964 saw a polarisation of animal politics, a professionalisation of British activism, and the rise of a new animal welfare science. Harrison’s belief in incremental reform allowed her to form ties to leading scientists but alienated her from more radical campaigners. Many of her 1964 demands gradually became part of mainstream politics. However, farm animal welfare’s increasing marketisation has also led to a relative divorce from the wider agenda of social improvement that Harrison once bore witness to. This is the first book to cast light on the interlinked histories of British farm animal welfare activism, science, and legislation. Its unique scope allows it to go beyond existing accounts of modern British animal welfare and will be of interest to those interested in animal welfare, environmentalism, and the behavioural sciences.
    Keywords: History of Science ; Animal Welfare/Animal Ethics ; History of Medicine ; History of Britain and Ireland ; Social History ; Animal Ethics ; Animal Machines ; UK government ; Brambell Committee ; Campaign ; Factory farms ; Veterinary science ; Animal psychology ; Animal emotions ; Farming standards ; Agricultural legislation ; Farm Animal Care Trust (FACT) ; Animal welfare post-Brexit ; Political debate ; Environmentalism ; Open Access ; Veterinary medicine ; Bioethics ; European history ; Social & cultural history ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MZ Veterinary medicine ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MB Medicine: general issues::MBX History of medicine ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHT History: specific events and topics::NHTB Social and cultural history
    Language: English
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    Medical Missionaries and Colonial Knowledge in West Africa and Europe, 1885-1914 (2023)
    Springer Nature | Palgrave Macmillan
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: This open access book offers an entangled history of hygiene by showing how knowledge of purity, health and cleanliness was shaped by evangelical medical missionaries and their encounters with people in West Africa. By tracing the interactions and negotiations of six Basel Mission doctors, who practised on the Gold Coast and in Cameroon from 1885 to 1914, the author demonstrates how notions of religious purity, scientific health and colonial cleanliness came together in the making of hygiene during the age of High Imperialism. The heyday of evangelical medical missions abroad coincided with the emergence of tropical medicine as a scientific discipline during what became known as the Scramble for Africa. This book reveals that these projects were intertwined and that hygiene played an important role in all three of them. While most historians have examined modern hygiene as a European, bourgeois and scientific phenomenon, the author highlights both the colonial and the religious fabric of hygiene, which continues to shape our understanding of purity, health and cleanliness to this day.
    Keywords: Switzerland ; Hygiene ; Cleaniness ; Colonial medicine ; Medical missionaries ; West African history ; Cameroon ; Gold Coast ; Basel ; Religious purity ; High Imperialism ; Tropical medicine ; Evangelical missions ; Scramble for Africa ; History of science ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHT History: specific events and topics::NHTQ Colonialism and imperialism ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHH African history ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MB Medicine: general issues::MBX History of medicine ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QR Religion and beliefs::QRA Religion: general::QRAX History of religion ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history
    Language: English
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    Male ablata (2022)
    Publications de l’École française de Rome
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: Dans l’Occident médiéval, à partir du XIIe siècle, la question des biens mal acquis rencontre celle de la restitution, cet acte par lequel le bon chrétien s’engage à rendre les richesses acquises illicitement pour être en accord avec l’enseignement de l’Église et avec sa conscience. Les male ablata ont souvent pour origine - mais non exclusivement - des relations de crédit abusives, usuraires, que la restitution permet précisément de réparer en indemnisant, directement ou indirectement, les débiteurs lésés. Du XIIe au XVe siècle, des sources variées documentent ce mouvement de restitutio male ablatorum, depuis les dispositions pontificales, les questions théologiques et les commentaires des canonistes jusqu’aux testaments et donations inter vivos, en passant par des promesses de restitution ou des actes judiciaires. Pour interroger cette documentation, il importe avant tout de se dégager d’un a priori historiographique très répandu qui en réduit la portée à une simple moralisation hypocrite, pour satisfaire l’Église, des pratiques économiques des marchands médiévaux. Les textes réunis dans ce volume s’appuient sur des dossiers documentaires inédits et apportent une première réponse aux questions historiques posées par la restitution des biens mal acquis : quels en furent les acteurs, les bénéficiaires et les intermédiaires, quelles en furent les modalités, la chronologie et la place dans les sociétés médiévales ?
    Keywords: Moyen Âge ; restitution ; usure ; morale économique ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history
    Language: French
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    La face cachée de l'empire (2022)
    Publications de l’École française de Rome
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: Ce livre étudie la fabrique d’une politique étrangère, celle de l’Italie dans cet étranger proche qu’est pour elle la péninsule balkanique. L’Europe du sud-est est en effet, à la fin du XIXe siècle, le principal théâtre d’une « question nationale » à laquelle l’Italie doit son existence. C’est l’entrelacs de la Realpolitik, de la cause des peuples, mais aussi des intérêts matériels des individus et des groupes impliqués dans l’expansionnisme qu’examine cet ouvrage. Le livre brosse successivement les traits fondamentaux de cette politique : d’abord l’invention d’une légitimité à guider les peuples balkaniques vers la rédemption nationale. Ensuite le choc de la réalité, celle d’une puissance faible qui doit se réfugier dans un soft-power libéral et humanitaire. Il situe ensuite les questions balkaniques par rapport au débat politique en Italie même : entre Question d’Orient, irrédentisme et colonialisme. S’intéressant aux acteurs de cette politique balkanique (savants, militants, consuls et affairistes), il apporte des éléments factuels et interprétatifs neufs sur l’impérialisme en pleine grandeur qui dessine, entre 1912 et 1915, un embryon d’empire italien en Méditerranée.
    Keywords: politique étrangère ; XIXe siècle ; XXe siècle ; Impérialisme ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history
    Language: French
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    Feeling Political (2022)
    Springer Nature | Palgrave Macmillan
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: Historicizing both emotions and politics, this open access book argues that the historical work of emotion is most clearly understood in terms of the dynamics of institutionalization. This is shown in twelve case studies that focus on decisive moments in European and US history from 1800 until today. Each case study clarifies how emotions were central to people’s political engagement and its effects. The sources range from parliamentary buildings and social movements, to images and speeches of presidents, from fascist cemeteries to the International Criminal Court. Both the timeframe and the geographical focus have been chosen to highlight the increasingly participatory character of nineteenth- and twentieth-century politics, which is inconceivable without the work of emotions.
    Keywords: political institutions ; emotional communities ; history of emotions ; new institutional history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHB General and world history ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPA Political science and theory ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHK History of the Americas
    Language: English
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    Baltic Hospitality from the Middle Ages to the Twentieth Century (2022)
    Springer Nature | Palgrave Macmillan
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: Reflecting debate around hospitality and the Baltic Sea region, this open access book taps into wider discussions about reception, securitization and xenophobic attitudes towards migrants and strangers. Focusing on coastal and urban areas, the collection presents an overview of the responses of host communities to guests and strangers in the countries surrounding the Baltic Sea, from the early eleventh century to the twentieth. The chapters investigate why and how diverse categories of strangers including migrants, war refugees, prisoners of war, merchants, missionaries and vagrants, were portrayed as threats to local populations or as objects of their charity, shedding light on the current predicament facing many European countries. Emphasizing the Baltic Sea region as a uniquely multi-layered space of intercultural encounter and conflict, this book demonstrates the significance of Northeastern Europe to migration history.
    Keywords: Migrant crises ; Baltic Sea ; Inhospitality ; Xenophobia ; Strangers ; Refugees ; Missionaries ; Migration history ; Community ; Hostility ; Discrimination ; Host ; Intercultural ; Northern European history ; Spaces of hospitality ; Other ; Baltic Rim ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBF Social and ethical issues::JBFH Migration, immigration and emigration ; thema EDItEUR::5 Interest qualifiers::5P Relating to specific groups and cultures or social and cultural interests::5PB Relating to peoples: ethnic groups, indigenous peoples, cultures and other groupings of people::5PBC Relating to migrant groups / diaspora communities or peoples ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHT History: specific events and topics::NHTB Social and cultural history
    Language: English
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    Gender and Cultural Mediation in the Long Eighteenth Century (2024)
    Springer Nature | Palgrave Macmillan
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: This open access book explores the transnational and transoceanic dimensions of the debate on gender and women's cultural agency and mediation in the long eighteenth century. It aims to decenter perspectives on traditional Enlightenment geographies, by emphasizing cultural transfers between Southern Europe and the rest of Europe, as well as with the Americas; by focusing on a variety of cultural mediators—women authors, female (and male) translators, readers, travelers, and disseminators; and by examining diverse written and visual sources—from correspondence, travel narratives, and philosophical essays, to novels, opera, portraits.
    Keywords: cultural exchange ; Enlightenment ; translation ; multilingualism ; the Atlantic ; global history ; transnational history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHT History: specific events and topics::NHTB Social and cultural history ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBS Social groups, communities and identities::JBSF Gender studies, gender groups ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology ; thema EDItEUR::3 Time period qualifiers::3M c 1500 onwards to present day ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHB General and world history
    Language: English
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    Designing One Nation (2021)
    Oxford University Press | Oxford University Press USA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: "This is an open access title available under the terms of a CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International License. It is free to read at Oxford Scholarship Online and offered as a free PDF download from OUP and selected open access locations, thanks to a generous grant from the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation, as part of The Sustainable History Monograph Pilot.The histories of East and West Germany traditionally emphasize the Cold War rivalries between the communist and capitalist nations. Yet, even as the countries diverged in their political directions, they had to create new ways of working together economically. In Designing One Nation, Katrin Schreiter examines the material culture of increasing economic contacts in divided Germany from the 1940s until the 1990s. Trade events, such as fairs and product shows, became one of the few venues for sustained links and knowledge between the two countries after the building of the Berlin Wall. Schreiter uses industrial design, epitomized by the furniture industry, to show how a network of politicians, entrepreneurs, and cultural brokers attempted to nationally re-inscribe their production cultures, define a postwar German identity, and regain economic stability and political influence in postwar Europe. What started as a competition for ideological superiority between East and West Germany quickly turned into a shared, politically legitimizing quest for an untainted post-fascist modernity. This work follows products from the drawing board into the homes of ordinary Germans to offer insights into how converging visions of German industrial modernity created shared expectations about economic progress and living standards. Schreiter reveals how intra-German and European trade policies drove the creation of products and generated a certain convergence of East and West German taste by the 1980s. Drawing on a wide range of sources from governments, furniture firms, industrial design councils, home lifestyle magazines, and design exhibitions, Designing One Nation argues that an economic culture linked the two Germanies even before reunification in 1990."
    Keywords: general & world history ; urban economics ; political science & theory ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHT History: specific events and topics::NHTW Cold wars and proxy conflicts ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KC Economics::KCV Economics of specific sectors::KCVS Regional / urban economics ; thema EDItEUR::A The Arts::AF The Arts: art forms::AFT Decorative arts ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government
    Language: English
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    Networks of Modernity (2021)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: This book offers a fresh perspective on the history of Germany by investigating the origins and impact of the ‘communications revolution’ that transformed state and society during the nineteenth century. It focuses upon the period 1830–80, exploring the interactions between the many different actors who developed, administered, and used one of the most important technologies of the period—the electric telegraph. Drawing upon evidence from Prussia, Bavaria, Bremen, and a number of towns across Central Europe, it reveals the channels through which knowledge circulated across the region, stimulating both collaboration and confrontation between the scientists, technicians, businessmen, and bureaucrats involved in bringing the telegraph to life. It highlights the technology’s impact upon the conduct of trade, finance, news distribution, and government in the tumultuous decades that witnessed the 1848 revolutions, the wars of unification, and the establishment of the Kaiserreich in 1871. Following the telegraph lines themselves, it weaves together the changes which took place at a local, regional, national, and eventually global level, revisiting the technology’s impact upon concepts of space and time, and highlighting the importance of this period in laying the foundations for Germany’s experience of a profoundly ambiguous, networked modernity.
    Keywords: Germany, nineteenth century, networks, technology, telegraph, modernity, modernization, globalization, nation-building ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology ; thema EDItEUR::3 Time period qualifiers::3M c 1500 onwards to present day ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
    Language: English
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  • 48
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    Chapter 3 In Bad Shape: Sensing the Criminal Corpse (2021)
    Springer Nature | Dissecting the Criminal Corpse | Palgrave Macmillan
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: Those convicted of homicide were hanged on the public gallows before being dissected under the Murder Act in Georgian England. Yet, from 1752, whether criminals actually died on the hanging tree or in the dissection room remained a medical mystery in early modern society. Dissecting the Criminal Corpse takes issue with the historical cliché of corpses dangling from the hangman’s rope in crime studies. Some convicted murderers did survive execution in early modern England. Establishing medical death in the heart-lungs-brain was a physical enigma. Criminals had large bull-necks, strong willpowers, and hearty survival instincts. Extreme hypothermia often disguised coma in a prisoner hanged in the winter cold. The youngest and fittest were capable of reviving on the dissection table. Many died under the lancet. Capital legislation disguised a complex medical choreography that surgeons staged. They broke the Hippocratic Oath by executing the Dangerous Dead across England from 1752 until 1832.
    Keywords: georgian england ; convicts ; murderers ; homicide ; early modern england ; murder act ; crime studies ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHT History: specific events and topics::NHTB Social and cultural history ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science
    Language: English
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  • 49
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    Chapter 8 The Forgotten Zone: Public Health Work in the French Occupation Zone (2021)
    Oxford University Press | The Perils of Peace
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: When the war was over in 1945, Germany was a country with no government, little functioning infrastructure, millions of refugees and homeless people, and huge foreign armies living largely off the land. Large parts of the country were covered in rubble, with no clean drinking water, electricity, or gas. Hospitals overflowed with patients, but were short of beds, medicines, and medical personnel. In these conditions, the potential for epidemics and public health disasters was severe. This is a study of how the four occupiers—Britain, France, the Soviet Union, and the United States—attempted to keep their own troops and the ex-enemy population alive. While the war was still being fought, German public health was a secondary consideration for them, an unaffordable and undeserved luxury. But once fighting ceased and the occupation began, it rapidly turned into a urgent priority. Public health was now recognized as an indispensable component of creating order, keeping the population governable, and facilitating the reconstruction of German society. But they faced a number of insoluble problems in the process: Which Germans could be trusted to work with the occupiers, and how were they to be identified? Who could be tolerated because of a lack of alternatives? How, if at all, could former Nazis be reformed and reintegrated into German society? What was the purpose of the occupation anyway? This is the first carefully researched comparison of the four occupation zones which looks at the occupation through the prism of public health, an essential service fundamentally shaped by political and economic criteria, and which in turn was to determine the success or failure of the occupation.
    Keywords: post-war germany ; public health ; world war ii ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology ; thema EDItEUR::3 Time period qualifiers::3M c 1500 onwards to present day::3MP 20th century, c 1900 to c 1999::3MPQ Later 20th century c 1950 to c 1999 ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHW Military history::NHWR Specific wars and campaigns::NHWR7 Second World War ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHW Military history::NHWL Modern warfare ; thema EDItEUR::3 Time period qualifiers::3M c 1500 onwards to present day::3MP 20th century, c 1900 to c 1999::3MPB Early 20th century c 1900 to c 1950::3MPBL c 1940 to c 1949::3MPBLB c 1938 to c 1946 (World War Two period) ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MB Medicine: general issues::MBX History of medicine
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    Politics of Security: British and West German Protest Movements and the Early Cold War 1945-1970 (2021)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-23
    Description: The Politics of Security tells the story of how people experienced the cold war as a war. It is about the impact of the cold war on political cultures. This crucial issue is often forgotten in historical memory. In particular, the book follows British and West German anti-nuclear-weapons activists in their attempts to campaign for and create security after the destruction of the Second World War, and how their own version of security clashed with concepts advanced by their own governments. But the book also demonstrates how, as part of the protests against nuclear weapons, activists and their societies learned to live with the Bomb: it recounts how activists first discovered the dangers of nuclear weapons, but how a different generation of activists came to focus on other issues as the Vietnam War became their primary concern. And it makes comprehensible how activists in two societies who had fought each other fiercely in the battle of dictatorships and democracies of the Second World War could now come to see each other as part of a common campaign. Fundamentally, with its transnational approach, the book highlights how these two societies drew on very similar arguments when they came to understand the cold war through the prism of the previous world war. The book is the first to capture in a transnational fashion what activists did on the marches and what it meant to them and to others. The book thus reminds us that threats are not merely out there, but that they need to be created in a political process that involves struggles for power and contestation.
    Keywords: nuclear age ; activism ; transnational history ; cold war ; social movements ; peace movements ; politics of security ; Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament ; Creative Commons ; Creative Commons license ; Easter ; West Germany ; thema EDItEUR::1 Place qualifiers::1D Europe::1DD Western Europe::1DDU United Kingdom, Great Britain ; thema EDItEUR::1 Place qualifiers::1D Europe::1DF Central Europe::1DFG Germany ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology ; thema EDItEUR::3 Time period qualifiers::3M c 1500 onwards to present day::3MP 20th century, c 1900 to c 1999::3MPQ Later 20th century c 1950 to c 1999 ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHT History: specific events and topics::NHTW Cold wars and proxy conflicts ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPS International relations ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPW Political activism / Political engagement
    Language: English
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  • 51
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    Chapter PART I: Introduction (2021)
    Springer Nature | Dissecting the Criminal Corpse | Palgrave Macmillan
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: Those convicted of homicide were hanged on the public gallows before being dissected under the Murder Act in Georgian England. Yet, from 1752, whether criminals actually died on the hanging tree or in the dissection room remained a medical mystery in early modern society. Dissecting the Criminal Corpse takes issue with the historical cliché of corpses dangling from the hangman’s rope in crime studies. Some convicted murderers did survive execution in early modern England. Establishing medical death in the heart-lungs-brain was a physical enigma. Criminals had large bull-necks, strong willpowers, and hearty survival instincts. Extreme hypothermia often disguised coma in a prisoner hanged in the winter cold. The youngest and fittest were capable of reviving on the dissection table. Many died under the lancet. Capital legislation disguised a complex medical choreography that surgeons staged. They broke the Hippocratic Oath by executing the Dangerous Dead across England from 1752 until 1832.
    Keywords: georgian england ; convicts ; murderers ; homicide ; early modern england ; murder act ; crime studies ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHT History: specific events and topics::NHTB Social and cultural history ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science
    Language: English
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    Innovation in Bayern (2022)
    Springer Nature | Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: ​Dieses Open-Access-Buch befasst sich mit der Einstellung der bayerischen Militärführung in Hinblick auf die Rezeption als auch Adaption technischer Innovation bzw. deren ersten praktischen Anwendung im Krieg von 1866. Das 19. Jahrhundert stellte das bayerische Königreich vor mehrere Herausforderungen. Die militärische Partizipation an den Napoleonischen Kriegen endete zwar erfolgreich, jedoch brachte sie beinahe die Zahlungsunfähigkeit des Staates mit sich. Obwohl die bayerische Streitmacht nach wie vor den großen Stolz des Landes darstellte, rückte sie fortan in den Fokus der Einsparungspolitik König Ludwigs I. Folglich waren die Mittel, welche der Armee zur Verfügung gestellt wurden, streng reguliert und reichten lediglich dafür aus, um die laufenden Kosten zu decken. Eine schleichende, degenerative Heeresentwicklung – sowohl auf personeller, als auch technischer Ebene – resultierte hieraus. Problematisch wurde diese Vernachlässigung, nachdem immer mehr europäische Streitmächte einen technischen Modernisierungsprozess begannen. Neue Waffensysteme wurden erprobt und eingeführt, die Nutzung der Eisenbahn zur Erhöhung der Mobilität diskutiert. Wie stand die bayerische Armeeführung diesen Entwicklungen gegenüber? Konnten bzw. durften derartige Prozesse einfach ignoriert werden?
    Keywords: Bayerische Geschichte ; Technik ; Industrielle Revolution ; Landesgeschichte ; 1866 ; Deutscher Bruderkrieg ; Bayern ; Technische Innovation ; Bayerische Kriegsführung ; Adaption ; Bruderkrieg ; Geschichte ; Kriegsführung ; Innovation ; Rezeption ; Deutsche Einigungskriege ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHW Military history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHT History: specific events and topics::NHTB Social and cultural history
    Language: German
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    Chapter 2 A Hard Peace? Allied Preparations for the Occupation of Germany, 1943-1945 (2021)
    Oxford University Press | The Perils of Peace
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: When the war was over in 1945, Germany was a country with no government, little functioning infrastructure, millions of refugees and homeless people, and huge foreign armies living largely off the land. Large parts of the country were covered in rubble, with no clean drinking water, electricity, or gas. Hospitals overflowed with patients, but were short of beds, medicines, and medical personnel. In these conditions, the potential for epidemics and public health disasters was severe. This is a study of how the four occupiers—Britain, France, the Soviet Union, and the United States—attempted to keep their own troops and the ex-enemy population alive. While the war was still being fought, German public health was a secondary consideration for them, an unaffordable and undeserved luxury. But once fighting ceased and the occupation began, it rapidly turned into a urgent priority. Public health was now recognized as an indispensable component of creating order, keeping the population governable, and facilitating the reconstruction of German society. But they faced a number of insoluble problems in the process: Which Germans could be trusted to work with the occupiers, and how were they to be identified? Who could be tolerated because of a lack of alternatives? How, if at all, could former Nazis be reformed and reintegrated into German society? What was the purpose of the occupation anyway? This is the first carefully researched comparison of the four occupation zones which looks at the occupation through the prism of public health, an essential service fundamentally shaped by political and economic criteria, and which in turn was to determine the success or failure of the occupation.
    Keywords: post-war germany ; public health ; world war ii ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology ; thema EDItEUR::3 Time period qualifiers::3M c 1500 onwards to present day::3MP 20th century, c 1900 to c 1999::3MPQ Later 20th century c 1950 to c 1999 ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHW Military history::NHWR Specific wars and campaigns::NHWR7 Second World War ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHW Military history::NHWL Modern warfare ; thema EDItEUR::3 Time period qualifiers::3M c 1500 onwards to present day::3MP 20th century, c 1900 to c 1999::3MPB Early 20th century c 1900 to c 1950::3MPBL c 1940 to c 1949::3MPBLB c 1938 to c 1946 (World War Two period) ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MB Medicine: general issues::MBX History of medicine
    Language: English
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  • 54
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    Chapter Compromises and Confrontations, 1945-1949 (2021)
    Oxford University Press | The Perils of Peace
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: When the war was over in 1945, Germany was a country with no government, little functioning infrastructure, millions of refugees and homeless people, and huge foreign armies living largely off the land. Large parts of the country were covered in rubble, with no clean drinking water, electricity, or gas. Hospitals overflowed with patients, but were short of beds, medicines, and medical personnel. In these conditions, the potential for epidemics and public health disasters was severe. This is a study of how the four occupiers—Britain, France, the Soviet Union, and the United States—attempted to keep their own troops and the ex-enemy population alive. While the war was still being fought, German public health was a secondary consideration for them, an unaffordable and undeserved luxury. But once fighting ceased and the occupation began, it rapidly turned into a urgent priority. Public health was now recognized as an indispensable component of creating order, keeping the population governable, and facilitating the reconstruction of German society. But they faced a number of insoluble problems in the process: Which Germans could be trusted to work with the occupiers, and how were they to be identified? Who could be tolerated because of a lack of alternatives? How, if at all, could former Nazis be reformed and reintegrated into German society? What was the purpose of the occupation anyway? This is the first carefully researched comparison of the four occupation zones which looks at the occupation through the prism of public health, an essential service fundamentally shaped by political and economic criteria, and which in turn was to determine the success or failure of the occupation.
    Keywords: post-war germany ; public health ; world war ii ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology ; thema EDItEUR::3 Time period qualifiers::3M c 1500 onwards to present day::3MP 20th century, c 1900 to c 1999::3MPQ Later 20th century c 1950 to c 1999 ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHW Military history::NHWR Specific wars and campaigns::NHWR7 Second World War ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHW Military history::NHWL Modern warfare ; thema EDItEUR::3 Time period qualifiers::3M c 1500 onwards to present day::3MP 20th century, c 1900 to c 1999::3MPB Early 20th century c 1900 to c 1950::3MPBL c 1940 to c 1949::3MPBLB c 1938 to c 1946 (World War Two period) ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MB Medicine: general issues::MBX History of medicine
    Language: English
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    Narratives of the Unspoken in Contemporary Irish Fiction (2023)
    Springer Nature | Palgrave Macmillan
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: This Open access book is a collection of essays and offers an in-depth analysis of silence as an aesthetic practice and a textual strategy which paradoxically speaks of the unspoken nature of many inconvenient hidden truths of Irish society in the work of contemporary fiction writers. The study acknowledges Ireland’s history of damaging silences and considers its legacies, but it also underscores how silence can serve as a valuable, even productive, means of expression. From a wide range of critical perspectives, the individual essays address, among other issues, the conspiracies of silence in Catholic Ireland, the silenced structural oppression of Celtic Tiger Ireland, the recovery of silenced stories/voices of the past and their examination in the present, as well as millennial disaffection and the silencing of vulnerability in today’s neoliberal Ireland. The book ’s attention to silence provides a rich vocabulary for understanding what unfolds in the quiet interstices of Irish writing from recent decades. This study also invokes the past to understand the present and, thus, demonstrates the continuities and discontinuities that define how silence operates in Irish culture. Grant FFI2017-84619-P AEI, ERDF, EU (INTRUTHS “Inconvenient Truths: Cultural Practices of Silence in Contemporary Irish Fiction”) Funded by the Spanish Research Agency AEI http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100011033 and by the European Regional Development Fund ERDF "A Way of Making Europe"
    Keywords: Contemporary Irish Fiction ; Silence ; Colm Tóibín ; Trauma ; Unspoken ; Catholic Ireland ; Donal Ryan ; Emma Donoghue ; Evelyn Conlon ; Rocky Road to Dublin ; Emer Martin ; Sally Rooney ; Conversations with Friends ; Normal People ; Kevin Barry ; Night Boat to Tangier ; Secrecy ; Memory ; British and Irish Literature ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism::DSB Literary studies: general::DSBH Literary studies: c 1900 to c 2000 ; thema EDItEUR::F Fiction and Related items ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history
    Language: English
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    Chapter 6 Public Health Work in the American Occupation Zone (2021)
    Oxford University Press | The Perils of Peace
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: When the war was over in 1945, Germany was a country with no government, little functioning infrastructure, millions of refugees and homeless people, and huge foreign armies living largely off the land. Large parts of the country were covered in rubble, with no clean drinking water, electricity, or gas. Hospitals overflowed with patients, but were short of beds, medicines, and medical personnel. In these conditions, the potential for epidemics and public health disasters was severe. This is a study of how the four occupiers—Britain, France, the Soviet Union, and the United States—attempted to keep their own troops and the ex-enemy population alive. While the war was still being fought, German public health was a secondary consideration for them, an unaffordable and undeserved luxury. But once fighting ceased and the occupation began, it rapidly turned into a urgent priority. Public health was now recognized as an indispensable component of creating order, keeping the population governable, and facilitating the reconstruction of German society. But they faced a number of insoluble problems in the process: Which Germans could be trusted to work with the occupiers, and how were they to be identified? Who could be tolerated because of a lack of alternatives? How, if at all, could former Nazis be reformed and reintegrated into German society? What was the purpose of the occupation anyway? This is the first carefully researched comparison of the four occupation zones which looks at the occupation through the prism of public health, an essential service fundamentally shaped by political and economic criteria, and which in turn was to determine the success or failure of the occupation.
    Keywords: post-war germany ; public health ; world war ii ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology ; thema EDItEUR::3 Time period qualifiers::3M c 1500 onwards to present day::3MP 20th century, c 1900 to c 1999::3MPQ Later 20th century c 1950 to c 1999 ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHW Military history::NHWR Specific wars and campaigns::NHWR7 Second World War ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHW Military history::NHWL Modern warfare ; thema EDItEUR::3 Time period qualifiers::3M c 1500 onwards to present day::3MP 20th century, c 1900 to c 1999::3MPB Early 20th century c 1900 to c 1950::3MPBL c 1940 to c 1949::3MPBLB c 1938 to c 1946 (World War Two period) ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MB Medicine: general issues::MBX History of medicine
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    Child Protection in England, 1960–2000 (2021)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: History; Social history; Great Britain—History; Europe—History—1492-; Social policy; Childhood; Adolescence
    Keywords: History ; Social history ; Great Britain—History ; Europe—History—1492- ; Social policy ; Childhood ; Adolescence ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHT History: specific events and topics::NHTB Social and cultural history ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBS Social groups, communities and identities::JBSP Age groups and generations ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPQ Central / national / federal government::JPQB Central / national / federal government policies
    Language: English
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    Medicine in an Age of Revolution (2023)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: This work is the first major attempt since the 1970s to challenge the idea that the essential engine of medical (and scientific) change in seventeenth-century Britain emanated from puritanism. It seeks to reaffirm the crucial role of the period of the civil wars and their aftermath in providing the most congenial context for a re-evaluation of traditional attitudes to medicine. In the process, it rejects the idea that such initiatives were the special preserve of a small religious elite (puritans), claiming instead that enthusiasm for change can be found across the religious spectrum. At the same time, the work demonstrates that medical practitioners were increasingly drawn into contemporary religious and political debates in a way that led to a fundamental politicization of the ‘profession’. By the end of the seventeenth century, it was now commonplace to see doctors, apothecaries and surgeons fully engaged in everyday political and civic life. At the same time, religious and political orientation often became an important factor in the career development of medics, especially in towns and cities, where substantial benefits might accrue to those who found themselves in favour with the ruling elites, be they Whig or Tory. The body politic, a Renaissance commonplace, was now peopled by medical practitioners who often claimed a special authority when it came to diagnosing the ills of late seventeenth-century society.
    Keywords: medicine, medical reform, puritanism, religion, politics, politicization, Paracelsus, Van Helmont, civil wars, Restoration ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology ; thema EDItEUR::3 Time period qualifiers::3M c 1500 onwards to present day ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MB Medicine: general issues::MBX History of medicine ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHT History: specific events and topics::NHTB Social and cultural history
    Language: English
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    Guerres et richesses d’une nation (2022)
    Publications de l’École française de Rome
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: Comment Florence la guelfe, cité industrieuse et commerciale, peut-elle résoudre son problème portuaire en bénéficiant des infrastructures et de la flotte de Pise la gibeline au XIVe siècle ? Dépassant le campanilisme historiographique, cet ouvrage interroge les relations, tour à tour houleuses et cordiales, entre deux villes ennemies sur le plan politique mais aux économies complémentaires. Ne se contentant pas d’une histoire centrée sur les marchands et les compagnies commerciales, ce livre examine le rôle crucial des institutions – en particulier de la nation et des tribunaux marchands – dans la régulation et le dynamisme de l’économie florentine. Les nations marchandes restent mal connues dans le cas florentin. Or, le cas de Pise révèle plusieurs originalités : la certification de la citoyenneté, une direction bicéphale, une loggia dans le palais-même du seigneur. De plus, la connaissance fine des finances de la nation, qui permet de reconstituer le trafic florentin, prouve que la sécurisation des échanges importe davantage que la réduction des coûts. Cette nation est ainsi le prolongement à l’étranger du tribunal de la Mercanzia florentine, amenée à gérer les conflits sur les douanes, les faillites, les représailles et à aplanir les conflits par la voie judiciaire.
    Keywords: commerce ; droit commercial ; guelfes ; gibelins ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history
    Language: French
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    Protéger, libérer, assujettir (2023)
    Publications de l’École française de Rome
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: Au milieu du XIVe siècle, la commune de Florence, qui ne contrôlait jusqu'alors qu'un petit territoire au-delà des murs de la cité, le contado, réussit à assujettir les six principaux centres urbains voisins : Colle Valdelsa, San Gimignano, Prato, Pistoia, Volterra et San Miniato. Pour mener à bien cet assujettissement, le pouvoir florentin ne pouvait cependant se contenter d’une pure et simple conquête militaire : l’issue en aurait été non seulement incertaine mais surtout très difficile à consolider dans le temps. Car même s’ils n’avaient pas atteint l’importance démographique des grandes cités de la région, les centres convoités étaient parvenus à maintenir leur autonomie depuis plus d’un siècle. Ils avaient par conséquent développé une identité politique et culturelle propre, en vertu de laquelle ils auraient pu, une fois conquis, refuser la soumission et constituer partant des foyers permanents de révolte. D’où la nécessité pour les Florentins d’élaborer des instruments en mesure de légitimer leur domination et d’en assurer ainsi la pérennité. Quels furent les mécanismes explicites et implicites de cette entreprise de légitimation ? À partir d’une étude approfondie des actes juridiques qui formalisèrent la soumission et du discours produit sur celle-ci par les chroniques contemporaines, cet ouvrage en analyse les ressorts politiques et culturels. Il permet ainsi de comprendre comment et pourquoi cet assujettissement fut paradoxalement pensé comme la condition nécessaire au maintien de la libertas.
    Keywords: histoire culturelle du politique ; pratiques et langages du pouvoir ; fondements juridiques de la souveraineté ; territorialisation du pouvoir ; Italie communale ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology ; thema EDItEUR::3 Time period qualifiers::3K CE period up to c 1500
    Language: French
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    Banishment in the Late Medieval Eastern Netherlands (2021)
    Springer Nature | Palgrave Macmillan
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: This open access book analyses the practice of banishment and what it can tell us about the values of late medieval society concerning morally acceptable behaviour. It focuses on the Dutch town of Kampen and considers the exclusion of offenders through banishment and the redemption of individuals after their exile. Banishment was a common punishment in late medieval Europe, especially for sexual offences. In Kampen it was also meted out as a consequence of the non-payment of fines, after which people could arrange repayment schemes which allowed them to return. The books firstly considers the legal context of the practice of banishment, before discussing punishment in Kampen more generally. In the third chapter the legal practice of banishment as a punitive and coercive measure is discussed. The final chapter focuses on the redemption of exiles, either because their punishment was completed, or because they arranged for the payment of outstanding fines.
    Keywords: exile ; Kampen ; crime ; Late Middle Ages ; Low Countries ; medieval law courts ; Open Access ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHT History: specific events and topics::NHTB Social and cultural history ; thema EDItEUR::L Law::LA Jurisprudence and general issues::LAZ Legal history
    Language: English
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    « In partibus fidelium ». Missions du Levant et connaissance de l’Orient chrétien (XIXe-XXIe siècles) (2023)
    Publications de l’École française de Rome
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: En quoi les missions chrétiennes du Levant ont-elles été des lieux de production de savoirs « orientaux » ? Comment ces connaissances ont-elles circulé de part et d’autre de la Méditerranée ? Comment ont-elles été reformulées et réappropriées localement ? Cet ouvrage se penche sur l’assimilation en Europe de connaissances relatives aux cultures chrétiennes-orientales et sur le rôle que les missions ont joué dans ce processus. Collectés et élaborés dans les grandes bibliothèques et universités européennes, puis intégrés par les structures de gouvernance des Églises, ces nouveaux savoirs ont aussi été réappropriés dans l’espace d’où ils étaient issus. Ils ont donné lieu à des prises de conscience patrimoniales à côté des expériences tragiques de la fin de l’Empire ottoman et de l’établissement de nouveaux États. Ce travail éclaire ainsi la dimension intellectuelle des dynamiques d’arabisation des Églises locales, de reformulation des frontières confessionnelles et de construction d’identités communautaires et nationales au Moyen-Orient. Il montre enfin comment les missions contribuent à la mise en valeur du patrimoine culturel oriental, et comment le domaine du savoir participe d’une évolution de la notion de mission depuis la période ottomane. In what ways were the Christian missions in the Levant places of production of 'oriental' knowledge? Many late nineteenth and early twentieth-century academics utilised knowledge production from Christian missions, notably by way of scholarly Orientalism. However, the history of this knowledge is also a history of representations: while missionary knowledge helped showcase the cultural and religious traditions of Eastern Christianity, what were the underlying motives and especially the consequences? This book examines the formulation and circulation of Eastern Christian knowledge on either side of the Mediterranean, the study of which is sometimes rooted in non-Anglophone academic traditions. The aim is to shed light on how knowledge relating to Eastern Christianity was assimilated in Europe, as well as the role missions played in this process, especially from the last third of the nineteenth century, when the institutions and instruments for the circulation of knowledge emerged. Another objective is to address the circulations and transformations of this knowledge on either side of the Mediterranean: collected and developed in major European libraries and universities, it was integrated by the governance structures of churches, but quite often also returned to the space it originated from, where it was reappropriated and gave rise to patrimonial processes, notably alongside the sometimes tragic experiences of certain communities during the end of the Ottoman Empire and the establishment of new states. Christian missions, at the intersection of East and West, were at the heart of this dynamic .
    Keywords: église catholique ; missions ; christianisme ; XIXe siècle ; XXe siècle ; XXIe siècle ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHG Middle Eastern history ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QR Religion and beliefs::QRA Religion: general::QRAX History of religion
    Language: French
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    Les Allemands à Venise 1380-1520 (2022)
    Publications de l’École française de Rome
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: Au pied des Alpes, Venise, ouverte sur le monde : les immigrants venus du Nord, désignés au XVe siècle comme Allemands, qu’ils soient venus de l’Empire ou de ses confins, ont formé dans le tissu urbain une minorité active, sans cesse renouvelée. La présence allemande à Venise est attestée depuis la fin du XIIe siècle dans tous les secteurs de la vie artisanale et industrielle et se disperse dans toute la ville. Mais les plus anciens témoignages sur cette présence soulignent le rôle économique et l’importance institutionnelle d’un édifice situé près du pont du Rialto, où les marchands allemands sont contraints de résider. Par le « Fondaco dei Tedeschi » un flux continu de métaux monétaires, produits des mines d’Europe centrale, constitue la contrepartie des importations d’épices, de soieries et de coton qui font la fortune de Venise et approvisionnent l’Outremont, de Bruges à Cracovie. Les résidents du « Fondaco » sont les représentants des principales villes et sociétés d’affaires, qui, de la Haute-Allemagne à la Rhénanie, dominent au XVe siècle et jusqu’au début du XVIe siècle les échanges entre le monde méditerranéen et l’Europe du Nord et du Nord-Ouest. Ces échanges font de Venise une place essentielle pour l’apprentissage du commerce, qu’il s’agisse de la langue, du droit ou de la comptabilité. Hors du « Fondaco », actes notariés et testaments font revivre une communauté présente dans tous les métiers, en particulier dans les domaines de pointe où l’art et l’invention technique se conjuguent, comme l’orfèvrerie ou l’imprimerie. Insérés jusqu’à se fondre dans les réseaux qui les entourent, ceux des ateliers, des paroisses et des « scuole », nombre d’Allemands ont construit une vie définitivement étrangère, et, par conséquent, vénitienne.
    Keywords: migration ; Venise ; Allemand ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history
    Language: French
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    Chapter 7 Public Health Work in the Soviet Occupation Zone (2021)
    Oxford University Press | The Perils of Peace
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: When the war was over in 1945, Germany was a country with no government, little functioning infrastructure, millions of refugees and homeless people, and huge foreign armies living largely off the land. Large parts of the country were covered in rubble, with no clean drinking water, electricity, or gas. Hospitals overflowed with patients, but were short of beds, medicines, and medical personnel. In these conditions, the potential for epidemics and public health disasters was severe. This is a study of how the four occupiers—Britain, France, the Soviet Union, and the United States—attempted to keep their own troops and the ex-enemy population alive. While the war was still being fought, German public health was a secondary consideration for them, an unaffordable and undeserved luxury. But once fighting ceased and the occupation began, it rapidly turned into a urgent priority. Public health was now recognized as an indispensable component of creating order, keeping the population governable, and facilitating the reconstruction of German society. But they faced a number of insoluble problems in the process: Which Germans could be trusted to work with the occupiers, and how were they to be identified? Who could be tolerated because of a lack of alternatives? How, if at all, could former Nazis be reformed and reintegrated into German society? What was the purpose of the occupation anyway? This is the first carefully researched comparison of the four occupation zones which looks at the occupation through the prism of public health, an essential service fundamentally shaped by political and economic criteria, and which in turn was to determine the success or failure of the occupation.
    Keywords: post-war germany ; public health ; world war ii ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology ; thema EDItEUR::3 Time period qualifiers::3M c 1500 onwards to present day::3MP 20th century, c 1900 to c 1999::3MPQ Later 20th century c 1950 to c 1999 ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHW Military history::NHWR Specific wars and campaigns::NHWR7 Second World War ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHW Military history::NHWL Modern warfare ; thema EDItEUR::3 Time period qualifiers::3M c 1500 onwards to present day::3MP 20th century, c 1900 to c 1999::3MPB Early 20th century c 1900 to c 1950::3MPBL c 1940 to c 1949::3MPBLB c 1938 to c 1946 (World War Two period) ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MB Medicine: general issues::MBX History of medicine
    Language: English
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    Raison administrative et logiques d’empire (xvie-xixe siècle) (2022)
    Publications de l’École française de Rome
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: Entre l’Ancien Régime et le xxe siècle émerge et s’affirme un pouvoir formidable, que nous connaissons sous le nom d’administration. Ce processus se développe notamment dans le contexte des empires européens des époques moderne et contemporaine : le sens du mot administrer évolue alors que s’affirme la nécessité de gouverner des espaces multiples et hétérogènes, proches et lointains. Ce livre propose de remonter aux sources puis de suivre la trace de cette raison administrative et de son affirmation au cours d’une chronologie habituellement associée à l’histoire de l’État, ici au second plan. Historiens et historiens du droit réfléchissent ici à l’administration à partir de l’étude de cas concrets, inscrits dans des contextes chronologiques et spatiaux différents, ainsi que dans des cultures politiques et juridiques fortement diversifiées. Ce dialogue entre plusieurs horizons historiographiques constitue dès lors une tentative de saisie des logiques administratives à bonne distance des téléologies traditionnelles, depuis l’analyse des institutions étatiques et des dynamiques centres-périphéries, vers les redéfinitions de la podestas et l’exercice du commandement à l’échelle locale.
    Keywords: colonie espagnole ; gestion ; grandes puissances ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history
    Language: French
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    Encounters and Practices of Petty Trade in Northern Europe, 1820–1960 (2022)
    Springer Nature | Palgrave Macmillan
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: This open access book uncovers one important, yet forgotten, form of itinerant livelihoods, namely petty trade, more specifically how it was practiced in Northern Europe during the period 1820–1960. It investigates how traders and customers interacted in different spaces and approaches ambulatory trade as an arena of encounters by looking at everyday social practices. Petty traders often belonged to subjugated social groups, like ethnic minorities and migrants, whereas their customers belonged to the resident population. How were these mobile traders perceived and described? What goods did they peddle? How did these commodities enable and shape trading encounters? What kind of narratives can be found, and whose? These questions pertaining to daily practices on a grass-root level have not been addressed in previous research. Encounters and Practices embarks on hidden histories of survival, vulnerability, and conflict, but also discloses reciprocal relations, even friendships.
    Keywords: history of labor ; history of consumption ; history of trade ; folklore ; ethnography ; Nordic history ; postcolonial studies ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHT History: specific events and topics::NHTB Social and cultural history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KC Economics::KCZ Economic history
    Language: English
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    La vie politique à Marseille sous la domination angevine (1348-1385) (2022)
    Publications de l’École française de Rome
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: La commune marseillaise au XIVe siècle est marquée par la domination angevine de Naples, qui n’étouffe cependant pas la vitalité politique urbaine, dont témoigne la dimension scripturale de l’administration municipale. Le gouvernement quotidien a en effet produit une abondante documentation jusqu’ici peu étudiée pour elle-même : les délibérations du conseil de ville, dans lesquelles se dessinent les jeux de pouvoir traversant la cité portuaire. Les années 1348-1385 sont marquées à Marseille par une situation de crise prolongée, notamment par la durable déstabilisation du pouvoir souverain. Dans ce contexte, l’assemblée municipale s’affirme comme le lieu du gouvernement de la ville. Alors que s’effacent les officiers royaux, le conseil de ville s’approprie une part grandissante d’autonomie et consolide le statut marseillais d’exception dans le comté de Provence. Les pratiques de l’assemblée – délibérations, serments, désignation de citoyens chargés de mettre en œuvre les ordonnances adoptées – permettent à de nombreux habitants de participer à l’activité de l’assemblée urbaine, sous la direction d’une élite municipale qui s’entoure de notaires et de praticiens du droit. La légitimité communale s’appuie sur des outils scripturaux, depuis les statuts de la ville jusqu’aux écrits les plus quotidiens, dont la circulation définit un régime de normativité spécifique. L’enregistrement des séances s’avère l’instrument décisif de la construction de l’autorité par l’écrit : autour des registres délibératifs gravitent les multiples pièces administratives et juridiques qui assurent l’institutionnalisation et l’autonomie du gouvernement de la ville.
    Keywords: administration ; politique ; Marseille ; gouvernement ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology ; thema EDItEUR::3 Time period qualifiers::3K CE period up to c 1500
    Language: French
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    Ostia, l’Italia e il Mediterraneo (2022)
    Publications de l’École française de Rome
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: Dedicato alla memoria di Mireille Cébeillac-Gervasoni, scomparsa il 29 marzo 2017, il volume raccoglie 22 contributi di amici e colleghi presentati al Quinto seminario Ostiense (Roma – Parco Archeologico di Ostia Antica, 21 e 22 marzo 2018). Dopo un’introduzione che mette in risalto il ruolo degli studi su Ostia nell’opera scientifica della studiosa, il volume contiene una prima serie di saggi dedicati alla storia istituzionale, sociale o religiosa della città porto di Roma e che si avvalgono di dati nuovi o rivisti di natura epigrafica o archeologica. Sulla linea del percorso intellettuale e delle ricerche di Mireille Cébeillac-Gervasoni, e talvolta riallacciandosi esplicitamente ai suoi studi, la seconda parte del libro tratta più specificamente il tema delle élites dell’Italia romana, ma allargandosi alla storia del Mediterraneo romano con l’esempio dei riti funebri della colonia di Filippi. Tutti i contributi vogliono offrire un riflesso sfaccettato e nello stesso tempo, anche se non completo, almeno fedele dell’iniziativa dei Seminari Ostiensi da lei sempre sostenuta con particolare impegno, e delle ricerche che ha ispirato nella sua lunga carriera.
    Keywords: archeologia ; epigrafia latina ; scavi archeologici ; urbanistica ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history
    Language: Italian
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    Les cardinaux entre Cour et Curie (2022)
    Publications de l’École française de Rome
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: Les cardinaux sont connus du grand public comme des figures prestigieuses des Églises et des sociétés locales. Ils suscitent aussi l’intérêt des médias internationaux par leur rôle, majeur mais toujours mystérieux, dans l’élection du pape. Pourtant, la nature de leur charge et la réalité de leurs fonctions demeurent largement dans l’ombre. Les membres du Sacré Collège composent une élite qui ne ressemble à aucune autre : aristocratique au sens du choix des « meilleurs », et cependant non héréditaire, à fort ancrage local mais aussi très internationalisée, placée à partir des Lumières et de la Révolution face au défi de s’adapter à la modernité. Cet ouvrage est centré sur les aspects spécifiquement romains de l’activité multiforme des « porporati ». Ceux-ci sont saisis à la fois en tant que corps constitué, sede plena (consistoire) et sede vacante (conclave), qu’individuellement, comme responsables de dicastères de la Curie, acteurs majeurs de la diplomatie vaticane, mais aussi protecteurs de congrégations religieuses, dignitaires de la Cour pontificale et détenteurs d’un « titre » cardinalice symbolisant leur ancrage dans la Ville. Les vingt-cinq contributions réunies dans ce volume, accompagnées d’une bibliographie et de plusieurs index, sont le fruit d’un programme de recherches interdisciplinaires qui a rassemblé une équipe internationale d’historiens et d’historiens du droit, et qui a été conduit par l’École française de Rome, l’Institut catholique de Paris et l’Université Paris-Sud.
    Keywords: curie romaine ; église catholique ; politique et diplomatie ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history
    Language: French
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    Conquérir et gouverner la Sicile islamique aux XIe et XIIe siècles (2021)
    Publications de l’École française de Rome | École française de Rome
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: Conquering Sicily from the middle of the XIth century, Hauteville are the first to set up a government that is defined as a Christian and, at least in part, from Latin, while exercising its prerogatives at a predominantly Muslim population, Arabic speaking. To do this, they gradually developed instruments of government, but also became the patrons of a cultural production that has aroused admiration and comments until today. This work is presented as an investigation into the different dimensions of the power of Hauteville from the conquest of Sicily at the end of the 12th century (language policy, state building, patronage, but also control of populations and territory). It aims to demystify the representations that we often have of this long century of "tolerance", but also to deconstruct the idea that the failure of the dynasty was written in advance. He nevertheless postulates that the “Norman” construction in Sicily remains original and innovative and that it provides useful elements of comparison for all those who analyze situations of conquest and minority government in a multicultural context.
    Keywords: History ; Europe ; Italy ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history
    Language: French
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    Women’s Private Practices of Knowledge Production in Early Modern Europe (2024)
    Springer Nature | Palgrave Macmillan
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: This open access book explores knowledge practices by five women from different European contexts. Contributors document, analyze, and discuss how women employed practices of privacy to pursue knowledge that did not necessarily conform with the curriculum prescribed for them. The practices of Jane Lumley in England, Camila Herculiana in Padua, Victorine de Chastenay in Paris, as well as Elisabeth Sophie Marie and Philippine Charlotte in Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, will help us to exemplify the delicate balance between audacity and obedience that women had to employ to be able to explore science, literature, philosophy, theology, and other types of learned activities. Cases range from the sixteenth to the nineteenth century, presenting continuities and discontinuities across temporal and geographical lines of the strategies that women used to protect their knowledge production and retain intact their reputations as good Christian daughters, wives, and mothers. Taken together, the essays show how having access to privacy—the ability to regulate access to themselves while studying and learning—was a crucial condition for the success of the knowledge activities these women pursued. This is an open access book.
    Keywords: early modern Europe ; Camilla Herculiana ; Lady Jane Lumley ; Victorine de Chastenay ; public sphere ; domesticity ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHT History: specific events and topics::NHTB Social and cultural history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history
    Language: English
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    Chapter Preface (2021)
    Springer Nature | Dissecting the Criminal Corpse | Palgrave Macmillan
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: Those convicted of homicide were hanged on the public gallows before being dissected under the Murder Act in Georgian England. Yet, from 1752, whether criminals actually died on the hanging tree or in the dissection room remained a medical mystery in early modern society. Dissecting the Criminal Corpse takes issue with the historical cliché of corpses dangling from the hangman’s rope in crime studies. Some convicted murderers did survive execution in early modern England. Establishing medical death in the heart-lungs-brain was a physical enigma. Criminals had large bull-necks, strong willpowers, and hearty survival instincts. Extreme hypothermia often disguised coma in a prisoner hanged in the winter cold. The youngest and fittest were capable of reviving on the dissection table. Many died under the lancet. Capital legislation disguised a complex medical choreography that surgeons staged. They broke the Hippocratic Oath by executing the Dangerous Dead across England from 1752 until 1832.
    Keywords: georgian england ; convicts ; murderers ; homicide ; early modern england ; murder act ; crime studies ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHT History: specific events and topics::NHTB Social and cultural history ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science
    Language: English
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    I registri della giustizia penale nell’Italia dei secoli XII-XV (2022)
    Publications de l’École française de Rome
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: Nell'attuale paesaggio storiografico italiano è ben presente la volontà di lavorare sulle differenti tipologie documentarie prodotte nell’Italia dei Comuni. Così è per gli studi sugli statuti comunali, studi iniziati nel XIX secolo che proseguono tutt’oggi con atti di convegni ed edizioni documentarie, e per tutte le fonti istituzionali amministrative di carattere ordinario: delibere di organi consiliari (riformanze), registri fiscali, corrispondenze epistolari, registri giudiziari. Risultato di un convegno organizzato all'École française de Rome (6-8 giugno 2017), questo volume è il primo interamente dedicato ai registri della giustizia penale (libri maleficiorum); si tratta di documenti relativi alla gestione della cosa pubblica destinati all'azione, che racchiudono finalità performative. Sono presenti in quantità cospicue nel territorio italiano, in molti fondi di archivi e biblioteche comunali e negli Archivi di Stato. La «Rivoluzione documentaria» dell’Italia comunale ha conosciuto una delle sue più potenti espressioni anche attraverso le carte di questa amministrazione ordinaria. Facendo parte a pieno titolo di una storia della giustizia, che si è rinnovata negli ultimi anni cercando di aprirsi il più possibile a tutto il territorio italiano e mostrando punti in comune e differenze regionali, i saggi qui raccolti si soffermano sulla produzione dei libri maleficiorum. Sono indagati il loro ruolo nel sistema documentario dei comuni e di altre istituzioni, la loro collocazione nel sistema documentario generale e le relazioni con altra documentazione comunale, il funzionamento delle istituzioni giudiziarie e i meccanismi procedurali, i conflitti, i negoziati e le sentenze. Le sezioni conclusive mettono a fuoco due temi centrali in materia di pratiche sociali, privilegiate nei libri maleficiorum stessi: la violenza e il genere.
    Keywords: justice ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history
    Language: Italian
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    General Average and Risk Management in Medieval and Early Modern Maritime Business (2023)
    Springer Nature | Palgrave Macmillan
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-07
    Description: This open access book explores the history of risk management in medieval and early modern European maritime business, focusing particularly on 'General Average' – a mechanism by which extraordinary expenses regarding ship or cargo, incurred during a voyage to save the venture, are shared between all participants to protect equity. This volume traces the history of this risk management tool from its origins in the pre-Roman Mediterranean through to its use in the shipping sector today. Contributions range from the Islamic Mediterranean to the Low Countries, and taken together, provide a wide-ranging analysis of social, cultural, and political aspects of pre-modern maritime commerce in Europe.
    Keywords: insurance ; business ; mitigation ; trade ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history ; thema EDItEUR::L Law::LA Jurisprudence and general issues::LAZ Legal history ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KC Economics::KCZ Economic history
    Language: English
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    Chapter 9 Some Conclusions (2021)
    Oxford University Press | The Perils of Peace
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: When the war was over in 1945, Germany was a country with no government, little functioning infrastructure, millions of refugees and homeless people, and huge foreign armies living largely off the land. Large parts of the country were covered in rubble, with no clean drinking water, electricity, or gas. Hospitals overflowed with patients, but were short of beds, medicines, and medical personnel. In these conditions, the potential for epidemics and public health disasters was severe. This is a study of how the four occupiers—Britain, France, the Soviet Union, and the United States—attempted to keep their own troops and the ex-enemy population alive. While the war was still being fought, German public health was a secondary consideration for them, an unaffordable and undeserved luxury. But once fighting ceased and the occupation began, it rapidly turned into a urgent priority. Public health was now recognized as an indispensable component of creating order, keeping the population governable, and facilitating the reconstruction of German society. But they faced a number of insoluble problems in the process: Which Germans could be trusted to work with the occupiers, and how were they to be identified? Who could be tolerated because of a lack of alternatives? How, if at all, could former Nazis be reformed and reintegrated into German society? What was the purpose of the occupation anyway? This is the first carefully researched comparison of the four occupation zones which looks at the occupation through the prism of public health, an essential service fundamentally shaped by political and economic criteria, and which in turn was to determine the success or failure of the occupation.
    Keywords: post-war germany ; public health ; world war ii ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology ; thema EDItEUR::3 Time period qualifiers::3M c 1500 onwards to present day::3MP 20th century, c 1900 to c 1999::3MPQ Later 20th century c 1950 to c 1999 ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHW Military history::NHWR Specific wars and campaigns::NHWR7 Second World War ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHW Military history::NHWL Modern warfare ; thema EDItEUR::3 Time period qualifiers::3M c 1500 onwards to present day::3MP 20th century, c 1900 to c 1999::3MPB Early 20th century c 1900 to c 1950::3MPBL c 1940 to c 1949::3MPBLB c 1938 to c 1946 (World War Two period) ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MB Medicine: general issues::MBX History of medicine
    Language: English
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    Finding the Limits of the Limes (2021)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: This open access book demonstrates the application of simulation modelling and network analysis techniques in the field of Roman studies. It summarizes and discusses the results of a 5-year research project carried out by the editors that aimed to apply spatial dynamical modelling to reconstruct and understand the socio-economic development of the Dutch part of the Roman frontier (limes) zone, in particular the agrarian economy and the related development of settlement patterns and transport networks in the area. The project papers are accompanied by invited chapters presenting case studies and reflections from other parts of the Roman Empire focusing on the themes of subsistence economy, demography, transport and mobility, and socio-economic networks in the Roman period. The book shows the added value of state-of-the-art computer modelling techniques and bridges computational and conventional approaches. Topics that will be of particular interest to archaeologists are the question of (forced) surplus production, the demographic and economic effects of the Roman occupation on the local population, and the structuring of transport networks and settlement patterns. For modellers, issues of sensitivity analysis and validation of modelling results are specifically addressed. This book will appeal to students and researchers working in the computational humanities and social sciences, in particular, archaeology and ancient history.
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Social sciences—Data processing ; Social sciences—Computer programs ; Archaeology ; Computer simulation ; Europe—History—To 476 ; Application software ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NK Archaeology ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYM Computer modelling and simulation
    Language: English
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    Pour le pape-roi (2023)
    Publications de l’École française de Rome
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: Au milieu du XIXe siècle, l’unification de l’Italie autour du royaume de Piémont-Sardaigne conduit à la disparition des États pontificaux. Cet événement a des répercussions dans toute l’Europe, et notamment en France. Le soutien apporté par Napoléon III à la cause italienne pousse en effet les catholiques, inquiets du sort du pape, à se détacher du régime impérial. Cet ouvrage met en lumière la mobilisation massive des catholiques français en faveur de la papauté au cours des années 1860 et montre comment le Saint-Siège a cherché à en tirer profit pour faire face aux difficultés causées par l’effondrement de son pouvoir temporel. À ce titre, une attention particulière est accordée aux aspects militaires (engagement au sein des zouaves pontificaux) et financiers (dons au denier de Saint-Pierre) du mouvement. L’ampleur de ce soutien et la diversité des formes qu’il prend montrent que, à rebours de certaines idées reçues, le XIXe siècle constitue pour la papauté et l’Église bien moins une période de déclin qu’un moment d’élaboration de nouveaux moyens d’action destinés à perpétuer leur influence.
    Keywords: 19th century ; political history ; Papal Zouaves ; Second French Empire ; papacy ; transnational history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology ; thema EDItEUR::3 Time period qualifiers::3M c 1500 onwards to present day
    Language: French
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    Martin Waldseemüller’s 'Carta marina' of 1516 (2021)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: This open access book presents the first detailed study of one of the most important masterpieces of Renaissance cartography, Martin Waldseemüller’s Carta marina of 1516. By transcribing, translating into English, and detailing the sources of all of the descriptive texts on the map, as well as the sources of many of the images, the book makes the map available to scholars in a wholly unprecedented way. In addition, the book provides revealing insights into how Waldseemüller went about making the map -- information that can’t be found in any other source. The Carta marina is the result of Waldseemüller’s radical re-evaluation of what a world map should be; he essentially started from scratch when he created it, rejecting the Ptolemaic model and other sources he had used in creating his 1507 map, and added more descriptive texts and a wealth of illustrations. Given its content, the book offers an essential reference work not only on this map, but also for anyone working in sixteenth-century European cartography.
    Keywords: Geography ; Historical geography ; Geographical information systems ; World history ; Cultural heritage ; Europe—History ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHB General and world history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHT History: specific events and topics::NHTP Historical geography ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBC Cultural and media studies::JBCC Cultural studies ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RG Geography::RGW Geographical information systems, geodata and remote sensing
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    « L’espoir quotidien » (2022)
    Publications de l’École française de Rome
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: En reconstituant les cultures et les imaginaires des militants socialistes français et italiens, cet ouvrage entend réfléchir aux motivations de l’adhésion idéologique et aux déterminants de l’agir politique. Mouvantes, les cultures socialistes sont ouvertes à de nombreuses influences : on peut ainsi mettre en évidence des superpositions avec les cultures catholiques, radicales ou communistes. Étudier une période brève permet en outre de travailler à l’intersection de différentes échelles – locale, nationale, internationale – et de décrire la diversité des représentations du monde qui voisinent au sein des deux partis, les rituels qui permettent de les exprimer, le rapport au temps et les pratiques politiques jugées légitimes. Il s’agit également de contribuer à l’histoire du socialisme européen au sortir de la Seconde Guerre mondiale et d’expliquer ses déchirements. « Maîtres de l’heure », selon les mots de Léon Blum, les partis socialistes d’Europe occidentale participent à la plupart des gouvernements d’union nationale qui suivent la Libération et inspirent certaines des réformes les plus emblématiques de la période. Mais, très vite, ils se trouvent englués dans la guerre froide naissante, à la recherche d’une hypothétique troisième voie qui peine à se dessiner et ils sont contraints à des choix tranchés qui provoquent, en France comme en Italie, tensions, rancœurs et scissions.
    Keywords: PSI ; histoire politique ; histoire culturelle du politique ; Italie ; France ; Libération ; imaginaires ; historicités ; 1945-1950 ; histoire sociale ; Comisco ; socialisme ; SFIO ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history
    Language: French
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    Chapter Abbreviations (2021)
    Oxford University Press | The Perils of Peace
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: When the war was over in 1945, Germany was a country with no government, little functioning infrastructure, millions of refugees and homeless people, and huge foreign armies living largely off the land. Large parts of the country were covered in rubble, with no clean drinking water, electricity, or gas. Hospitals overflowed with patients, but were short of beds, medicines, and medical personnel. In these conditions, the potential for epidemics and public health disasters was severe. This is a study of how the four occupiers—Britain, France, the Soviet Union, and the United States—attempted to keep their own troops and the ex-enemy population alive. While the war was still being fought, German public health was a secondary consideration for them, an unaffordable and undeserved luxury. But once fighting ceased and the occupation began, it rapidly turned into a urgent priority. Public health was now recognized as an indispensable component of creating order, keeping the population governable, and facilitating the reconstruction of German society. But they faced a number of insoluble problems in the process: Which Germans could be trusted to work with the occupiers, and how were they to be identified? Who could be tolerated because of a lack of alternatives? How, if at all, could former Nazis be reformed and reintegrated into German society? What was the purpose of the occupation anyway? This is the first carefully researched comparison of the four occupation zones which looks at the occupation through the prism of public health, an essential service fundamentally shaped by political and economic criteria, and which in turn was to determine the success or failure of the occupation.
    Keywords: post-war germany ; public health ; world war ii ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology ; thema EDItEUR::3 Time period qualifiers::3M c 1500 onwards to present day::3MP 20th century, c 1900 to c 1999::3MPQ Later 20th century c 1950 to c 1999 ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHW Military history::NHWR Specific wars and campaigns::NHWR7 Second World War ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHW Military history::NHWL Modern warfare ; thema EDItEUR::3 Time period qualifiers::3M c 1500 onwards to present day::3MP 20th century, c 1900 to c 1999::3MPB Early 20th century c 1900 to c 1950::3MPBL c 1940 to c 1949::3MPBLB c 1938 to c 1946 (World War Two period) ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MB Medicine: general issues::MBX History of medicine
    Language: English
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    Un Autre Risorgimento (2022)
    Publications de l’École française de Rome
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: Entre l’effondrement de l’Empire napoléonien en 1815 et le milieu des années 1850, où la « question napolitaine » devient une affaire diplomatique internationale, la partie continentale du royaume des Deux-Siciles voit s’affirmer un scénario de politisation cohérent qui associe la revendication des libertés politiques à l’opposition à la monarchie bourbonienne. À partir de la documentation administrative bourbonienne, des écrits personnels des libéraux et de leurs productions politiques, on se propose d’étudier ce mouvement politique par ses acteurs. Il a pris la forme d’une société civile d’opposition réticulée et disparate, davantage anti-absolutiste qu’elle n’est idéologiquement libérale. À travers les circuits locaux, nationaux et transnationaux de la politisation libérale dans le Mezzogiorno pré-unitaire, c’est la singularité du Risorgimento méridional qu’on voudrait mettre en évidence, entre adhésions et résistances à la construction nationale italienne et réappropriations de cette dernière.
    Keywords: libéralisme ; Risorgimento ; royaume de Naples ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history
    Language: French
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    Chapter Allies and Germans (2021)
    Oxford University Press | The Perils of Peace
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: When the war was over in 1945, Germany was a country with no government, little functioning infrastructure, millions of refugees and homeless people, and huge foreign armies living largely off the land. Large parts of the country were covered in rubble, with no clean drinking water, electricity, or gas. Hospitals overflowed with patients, but were short of beds, medicines, and medical personnel. In these conditions, the potential for epidemics and public health disasters was severe. This is a study of how the four occupiers—Britain, France, the Soviet Union, and the United States—attempted to keep their own troops and the ex-enemy population alive. While the war was still being fought, German public health was a secondary consideration for them, an unaffordable and undeserved luxury. But once fighting ceased and the occupation began, it rapidly turned into a urgent priority. Public health was now recognized as an indispensable component of creating order, keeping the population governable, and facilitating the reconstruction of German society. But they faced a number of insoluble problems in the process: Which Germans could be trusted to work with the occupiers, and how were they to be identified? Who could be tolerated because of a lack of alternatives? How, if at all, could former Nazis be reformed and reintegrated into German society? What was the purpose of the occupation anyway? This is the first carefully researched comparison of the four occupation zones which looks at the occupation through the prism of public health, an essential service fundamentally shaped by political and economic criteria, and which in turn was to determine the success or failure of the occupation.
    Keywords: post-war germany ; public health ; world war ii ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology ; thema EDItEUR::3 Time period qualifiers::3M c 1500 onwards to present day::3MP 20th century, c 1900 to c 1999::3MPQ Later 20th century c 1950 to c 1999 ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHW Military history::NHWR Specific wars and campaigns::NHWR7 Second World War ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHW Military history::NHWL Modern warfare ; thema EDItEUR::3 Time period qualifiers::3M c 1500 onwards to present day::3MP 20th century, c 1900 to c 1999::3MPB Early 20th century c 1900 to c 1950::3MPBL c 1940 to c 1949::3MPBLB c 1938 to c 1946 (World War Two period) ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MB Medicine: general issues::MBX History of medicine
    Language: English
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    Remembering African Labor Migration to the Second World (2022)
    Springer Nature | Palgrave Macmillan
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-16
    Description: This open access book is about Mozambicans and Angolans who migrated in state-sponsored schemes to East Germany in the late 1970s and throughout the 1980s. They went to work and to be trained as a vanguard labor force for the intended African industrial revolutions. While they were there, they contributed their labor power to the East German economy. This book draws on more than 260 life history interviews and uncovers complex and contradictory experiences and transnational encounters. What emerges is a series of dualities that exist side by side in the memories of the former migrants: the state and the individual, work and consumption, integration and exclusion, loss and gain, and the past in the past and the past in the present and future. By uncovering these dualities, the book explores the lives of African migrants moving between the Third and Second worlds. Devoted to the memories of worker-trainees, this transnational study comes at a time when historians are uncovering the many varied, complicated, and important connections within the global socialist world.
    Keywords: Third World ; Second World ; East Germany ; Angola ; Mozambique ; Socialism ; Labor Migration ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHB General and world history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHH African history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHT History: specific events and topics::NHTB Social and cultural history ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBF Social and ethical issues::JBFH Migration, immigration and emigration ; thema EDItEUR::5 Interest qualifiers::5P Relating to specific groups and cultures or social and cultural interests::5PB Relating to peoples: ethnic groups, indigenous peoples, cultures and other groupings of people::5PBC Relating to migrant groups / diaspora communities or peoples
    Language: English
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    Drinking in Victorian and Edwardian Britain (2021)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-07
    Description: This open access book surveys drinking in Britain between the Licensing Act of 1869 and the wartime regulations imposed on alcohol production and consumption after 1914. This was a period marked by the expansion of the drink industry and by increasingly restrictive licensing laws. Politics and commerce co-existed with moral and medical concerns about drunkenness and combined, these factors pushed alcohol consumers into the public spotlight. Through an analysis of public and private records, medical texts and sociological studies, the book investigates the reasons why Victorians and Edwardians consumed alcohol in the ways that they did and explores the ideas about alcohol that circulated in the period. This book shows that they had many reasons for purchasing and consuming alcoholic substances and these were driven by broader social, cultural, medical and commercial factors. Although drunkenness may have been the most visible consequence of alcohol consumption, it was not the only type of drinking behaviour. Alcohol played an important social role in the everyday lives of Victorians and Edwardians where its consumption held many different meanings.
    Keywords: History ; Great Britain—History ; Social history ; Medicine—History ; Ethnology—Europe ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHT History: specific events and topics::NHTB Social and cultural history ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBC Cultural and media studies::JBCC Cultural studies ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MB Medicine: general issues::MBX History of medicine
    Language: English
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    Jesuit and English Experiences at the Mughal Court, c. 1580–1615 (2022)
    Springer Nature | Palgrave Macmillan
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: This open access book reconstructs and examines a crucial episode of Anglo-Iberian diplomatic rivalry: the clash between the Portuguese-sponsored Jesuit missionaries and the English East India Company (EIC) at the Mughal court between 1580 and 1615. This 35-year period includes the launch of the first Jesuit mission to Akbar’s court in 1580 and the preparation of the royal embassy led by Sir Thomas Roe to negotiate the concession of trading privileges to the EIC, and encompasses not only the extension of the conflict between the Iberian crowns and England into Asia, but also the consolidation of the Mughal Empire. The book examines the proselytizing and diplomatic activities of the Jesuit missionaries, the evolution of English diplomatic strategies concerning the Mughal Empire, and how the Mughal authorities instigated and exploited Anglo-Iberian rivalry in the pursuit of specific commercial, geopolitical, and ideological agendas.
    Keywords: diplomacy ; transcultural exchange ; Ralph Fitch ; John Mildenhall ; Catholicism ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHF Asian history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QR Religion and beliefs::QRA Religion: general::QRAX History of religion
    Language: English
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    Vermin, Victims and Disease (2021)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: This open access book provides the first critical history of the controversy over whether to cull wild badgers to control the spread of bovine tuberculosis (bTB) in British cattle. This question has plagued several professional generations of politicians, policymakers, experts and campaigners since the early 1970s. Questions of what is known, who knows, who cares, who to trust and what to do about this complex problem have been the source of scientific, policy, and increasingly vociferous public debate ever since. This book integrates contemporary history, science and technology studies, human-animal relations, and policy research to conduct a cross-cutting analysis. It explores the worldviews of those involved with animal health, disease ecology and badger protection between the 1970s and 1990s, before reintegrating them to investigate the recent public polarisation of the controversy. Finally it asks how we might move beyond the current impasse.
    Keywords: History ; Great Britain—History ; Medicine—History ; Animal welfare ; Environmental policy ; History, Modern ; Medical geography ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHB General and world history ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPQ Central / national / federal government::JPQB Central / national / federal government policies ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MB Medicine: general issues::MBX History of medicine ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MZ Veterinary medicine ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RG Geography::RGC Human geography
    Language: English
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    Chapter Abbreviations (2021)
    Springer Nature | Dissecting the Criminal Corpse | Palgrave Macmillan
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: Those convicted of homicide were hanged on the public gallows before being dissected under the Murder Act in Georgian England. Yet, from 1752, whether criminals actually died on the hanging tree or in the dissection room remained a medical mystery in early modern society. Dissecting the Criminal Corpse takes issue with the historical cliché of corpses dangling from the hangman’s rope in crime studies. Some convicted murderers did survive execution in early modern England. Establishing medical death in the heart-lungs-brain was a physical enigma. Criminals had large bull-necks, strong willpowers, and hearty survival instincts. Extreme hypothermia often disguised coma in a prisoner hanged in the winter cold. The youngest and fittest were capable of reviving on the dissection table. Many died under the lancet. Capital legislation disguised a complex medical choreography that surgeons staged. They broke the Hippocratic Oath by executing the Dangerous Dead across England from 1752 until 1832.
    Keywords: georgian england ; convicts ; murderers ; homicide ; early modern england ; murder act ; crime studies ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHT History: specific events and topics::NHTB Social and cultural history ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science
    Language: English
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    Savoirs profanes dans les ordres mendiants en Italie (XIIIe-XVe siècle) (2023)
    Publications de l’École française de Rome
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: ordres mendiants; franciscains; dominicains; carmes; Moyen Âge; savoirs profanes; Italie; arts libéraux; sciences de la nature; rhétorique; littérature; géographie
    Keywords: ordres mendiants ; franciscains ; dominicains ; carmes ; Moyen Âge ; savoirs profanes ; Italie ; arts libéraux ; sciences de la nature ; rhétorique ; littérature ; géographie ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history
    Language: French
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    Frères de sang, frères d’armes, frères ennemis (2022)
    Publications de l’École française de Rome
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: Le XIXe siècle des nationalités s’est pensé comme le siècle de la fraternité, entre les peuples et les hommes. Et la nation moderne s’est souvent présentée comme fondée sur une extension de la famille, unie par le sang, les valeurs, la culture. Cette vision a entraîné des formes de mobilisation politique originales comme le volontariat, les sociétés de secours mutuel, les fraternités. Plus spécifiquement (mais non exclusivement) consacré à l’Italie du Risorgimento, ce volume prend acte de deux points qui apparaissent clairement : l’utilisation massive du mot frère (fratelli), fraternité (fratellanza) durant les guerres d’indépendance, et aussi de la mobilisation massive de frères de sang, d’une même famille, qui ont pu combattre ensemble : les frères Bandiera, Fabrizi, Cairoli… en sont quelques exemples. Or, si la fraternité est un concept, c’est aussi un état et un sentiment. Un état, car être frère relève d’un statut familial, encadré par des normes, des lois qui n’instaurent pas l’amour fraternel, qui lui, est un sentiment. À l’intersection de ces acceptions de la fraternité, le volume aborde donc la dimension biographique et met en évidence que la fraternité « de sang » est en fait, souvent, le cadre d’un affrontement politique régulé par les intérêts familiaux. Entre les concepts et la pratique, les idées et les acteurs, la polysémie de la fraternité s’avère être un formidable outil de mobilisation négociée.
    Keywords: politique ; Italie ; Risorgimento ; fraternité ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history
    Language: French
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    Placing the Public in Public Health in Post-War Britain, 1948–2012 (2021)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: This open access book explores the question of who or what ‘the public’ is within ‘public health’ in post-war Britain. Drawing on historical research on the place of the public in public health in Britain from the establishment of the National Health Service in 1948, the book presents a new perspective on the relationship between state and citizen. Focusing on health education, health surveys, heart disease and the development of vaccination policy and practice, the book establishes that ‘the public’ was not one thing but many. It considers how public health policy makers and practitioners imagined the public or publics. These publics were not mere constructions; they had agency and the ability to ‘speak back’ to public health. The nature of publicness changed during the latter half of the twentieth century, and this book argues that the relationship between the public and public health offers a powerful lens through which to examine such shifts.
    Keywords: History ; Great Britain—History ; Medicine—History ; Medical policy ; History, Modern ; Social history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHB General and world history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHT History: specific events and topics::NHTB Social and cultural history ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MB Medicine: general issues::MBP Health systems and services ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MB Medicine: general issues::MBX History of medicine
    Language: English
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    Pellagra and Pellagrous Insanity During the Long Nineteenth Century (2023)
    Springer Nature | Palgrave Macmillan
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: This open access book explores the history of pellagra, a vitamin deficiency disease brought about by a shift in agriculture to maize, and which was first identified in Italy in the 1760s. With a focus on the insanity that was caused by the disease, the authors examine how thousands of patients were treated in Italian psychiatric asylums, shedding light on the sufferer’s point of view. Setting pellagrous insanity in a wider context of man-made or societal (anthropogenic) disease, where poverty, diet and disease meet, the book contributes to the history of medicine and science, the history of psychiatry, economic and social history, agrarian history, and food and nutrition history. Additionally, the authors aim to transnationalise Italian history by making comparisons with related issues, such as tertiary syphilis in the UK. Drawing from a wide range of printed and archival sources, including the writings of Italian medical investigators, the book examines how medical and scientific research was carried out during the long nineteenth century and the uncertainties that this engendered, in terms of classification, explanation, diagnosis and treatment. Offering a unique perspective on an endemic illness which came to be known as the disease of the four ds: dermatitis; diarrhea; dementia; and death, this book provides an engaging account of one of the most perplexing causes of mental illness.
    Keywords: History of mental health ; Insanity ; Pellagra ; Mental disorder ; Pellagrous insanity ; History of psychiatry ; Asylums ; History of mental illness ; Social history of medicine ; Nineteenth century ; Agrarian history ; Environmental history ; Nutrition ; Poverty ; Welfare ; Maize cultivation ; Deficiency disease ; Anthropogenic disease ; Syphilis ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MB Medicine: general issues::MBX History of medicine ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KC Economics::KCZ Economic history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHT History: specific events and topics::NHTB Social and cultural history ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences
    Language: English
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    From Melancholia to Depression (2021)
    Springer Nature | Palgrave Macmillan
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: This open access book maps a crucial but neglected chapter in the history of psychiatry: how was melancholia transformed in the nineteenth century from traditional melancholy madness into a modern biomedical mood disorder, paving the way for the emergence of clinical depression as a psychiatric illness in the twentieth century? At a time when the prevalence of mood disorders and antidepressant consumption are at an all-time high, the need for a comprehensive historical understanding of how modern depressive illness came into being has never been more urgent. This book addresses a significant gap in existing scholarly literature on melancholia, depression, and mood disorders by offering a contextualised and critical perspective on the history of melancholia in the first decades of psychiatry, from the 1830s until the turn of the twentieth century.
    Keywords: Social History ; History of Medicine ; Psychiatry ; History of Britain and Ireland ; Mood disorders ; Psychiatric illness ; Physiology ; Psychology ; Statistical and diagnostic practices ; Asylum records ; Insanity ; Madness ; Mental pain ; Suicidal tendencies ; Psychological distress ; Open Access ; Social & cultural history ; History of medicine ; European history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHT History: specific events and topics::NHTB Social and cultural history ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MB Medicine: general issues::MBX History of medicine ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MK Medical specialties, branches of medicine::MKL Psychiatry ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history
    Language: English
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    Sacred Rivals (2022)
    Oxford University Press | OUP USA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-08
    Description: France;Algeria;Ottoman Syria;Islam;Catholicism;Catholic Orientalism;Imperialism;Missions;Jesuits;Louis Veuillot;Melchior de Vogüé;Charles Lavigerie;White Fathers;Humanitarianism;Œuvre d'Orient;Civilizing Mission
    Keywords: France;Algeria;Ottoman Syria;Islam;Catholicism;Catholic Orientalism;Imperialism;Missions;Jesuits;Louis Veuillot;Melchior de Vogüé;Charles Lavigerie;White Fathers;Humanitarianism;Œuvre d'Orient;Civilizing Mission ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HR Religion & beliefs::HRA Religion: general::HRAX History of religion ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HB History::HBJ Regional & national history::HBJD European history ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HB History::HBT History: specific events & topics::HBTQ Colonialism & imperialism ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QR Religion and beliefs::QRA Religion: general::QRAX History of religion ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHT History: specific events and topics::NHTQ Colonialism and imperialism
    Language: English
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    Napoleonic Governance in the Netherlands and Northwest Germany (2021)
    Springer Nature | Palgrave Macmillan
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: “Van der Burg presents an innovative transregional study of Napoleonic governance in the often-overlooked northern periphery of the Empire. This book carefully examines the Empire’s administrative structure in the north, focusing on the heterogeneous community of prefects and subprefects as ‘tools of incorporation’, binding the regions to the central state. His rich comparative analysis highlights the incomplete integration of the north and makes important contributions to our understanding of the Empire and its legacy of state building.” —Katherine Aaslestad, West Virginia University, Morgantown, USA “Martijn van der Burg makes a vital contribution to the burgeoning scholarly literature on Napoleonic Europe in this well researched, carefully constructed volume. His analysis of this somewhat neglected, but important, part of Napoleon’s hegemony will become essential reading for all students and specialists of Napoleonic Europe. Van der Burg brings the riches of recent Dutch and German scholarship on the Napoleonic period, hitherto denied to an Anglophone readership, to say nothing of his own insight into Napoleonic rule in these complex regions. He delineates the course of Napoleonic rule here with clarity and acute attention to detail. This is a worthy addition to the Napoleonic renaissance in historiography.” —Michael Broers, University of Oxford, UK “A thorough, transparent and important comparative study into the content, dynamics, limits and results of Napoleonic governance, and the role of the (sub)prefects here within, in the Netherlands and Northwest Germany. Original, well-written and a very welcome contribution to the historiography of these still understudied areas in the Napoleonic years, as well as to Napoleonic historiography in general.” —Johan Joor, International Institute of Social History, Amsterdam, the Netherlands This open access Palgrave Pivot explores the ways in which French Emperor Napoleon tried to integrate the present-day Netherlands and Northwest Germany into his Empire, by replacing traditional institutions and governing practices with French ones ('Napoleonic governance'). The northern periphery of the Napoleonic Empire continues to be overlooked by the bulk of historians; this study shows that a transregional approach can yield important findings. In a broader sense, the study does not deal with these regions alone, but also with the difficulties that are inherent to European integration.
    Keywords: European History ; History of France ; Imperialism and Colonialism ; History of Military ; Military History ; Open Access ; Napoleonic Empire ; Continental System ; European integration ; nation building ; Colonialism & imperialism ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHT History: specific events and topics::NHTQ Colonialism and imperialism ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHW Military history
    Language: English
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    Les Italiens de Tunisie (2023)
    Publications de l’École française de Rome
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: Entre la fin du XIXe siècle et la Première Guerre mondiale, le jeune État italien connaît un vaste mouvement migratoire qui porte plusieurs millions de ses citoyens à chercher fortune ailleurs. Si les pays américains et européens accueillent la majeure partie de cette population, d’importantes communautés s’installent également sur les côtes méridionales du bassin méditerranéen. C’est notamment le cas de la Tunisie, devenue protectorat français, qui compte près de 90 000 Italiens en 1905 pour seulement 35 000 Français. Cette majorité démographique des Italiens ainsi que leur implication active dans le développement économique du territoire ne sont pas sans créer des tensions entre la France et l’Italie, pour qui la Tunisie représente une sorte de « colonie manquée » qui vient raviver ses aspirations colonialistes en Afrique. Cette communauté est d’autant plus singulière que les ressortissants de la Péninsule, majoritairement ouvriers, se trouvent dans une situation inter­médiaire entre la classe dominante des colonisateurs français et celle des colonisés tunisiens, dont ils partagent pourtant les mêmes conditions de vie. Cet ouvrage, à travers l’exemple des Italiens de Tunisie, interroge ainsi la manière dont une identité nationale peut se construire en dehors de toute territorialité.
    Keywords: XIXe siècle ; Première Guerre mondiale ; Italie ; Tunisie ; Migrations ; Colonialisation ; Colonialisme ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology ; thema EDItEUR::3 Time period qualifiers::3M c 1500 onwards to present day ; thema EDItEUR::3 Time period qualifiers::3M c 1500 onwards to present day::3MP 20th century, c 1900 to c 1999
    Language: French
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    Les dieux olympiens et la mer (2021)
    Publications de l’École française de Rome | École française de Rome
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: While the claim that the Greeks are a seafaring people can be qualified, it is nonetheless undeniable that the sea represents a major geographic aspect of the ancient Greek world. It is therefore hardly surprising that this element has permeated beliefs and cults, from the Atlantic to the Persian Gulf and particularly in Magna Graecia. This work thus explores the ways in which maritime culture influenced the major figures of the Greek pantheon, the Olympian deities, from Homer to the end of the Hellenistic period. In this regard, he tempers the importance accorded too often a priorito Poseidon. All sources were required in such an investigation: literary, epigraphic, archaeological, iconographic, numismatic. By analyzing beliefs, the topography of sanctuaries, worship practices both on board and on land and maritime votive offerings (anchors and boats), it constitutes an essential tool for the study of Greek religion as well as for that of naval archeology.
    Keywords: History ; Europe ; History ; Ancient ; Greece ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHC Ancient history
    Language: French
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    The Perils of Peace (2021)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: When the war was over in 1945, Germany was a country with no government, little functioning infrastructure, millions of refugees and homeless people, and huge foreign armies living largely off the land. Large parts of the country were covered in rubble, with no clean drinking water, electricity, or gas. Hospitals overflowed with patients, but were short of beds, medicines, and medical personnel. In these conditions, the potential for epidemics and public health disasters was severe. This is a study of how the four occupiers—Britain, France, the Soviet Union, and the United States—attempted to keep their own troops and the ex-enemy population alive. While the war was still being fought, German public health was a secondary consideration for them, an unaffordable and undeserved luxury. But once fighting ceased and the occupation began, it rapidly turned into a urgent priority. Public health was now recognized as an indispensable component of creating order, keeping the population governable, and facilitating the reconstruction of German society. But they faced a number of insoluble problems in the process: Which Germans could be trusted to work with the occupiers, and how were they to be identified? Who could be tolerated because of a lack of alternatives? How, if at all, could former Nazis be reformed and reintegrated into German society? What was the purpose of the occupation anyway? This is the first carefully researched comparison of the four occupation zones which looks at the occupation through the prism of public health, an essential service fundamentally shaped by political and economic criteria, and which in turn was to determine the success or failure of the occupation.
    Keywords: post-war germany ; public health ; world war ii ; Allied-occupied Germany ; Berlin ; Creative Commons license ; Denazification ; Nazism ; Soviet Union ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology ; thema EDItEUR::3 Time period qualifiers::3M c 1500 onwards to present day::3MP 20th century, c 1900 to c 1999::3MPQ Later 20th century c 1950 to c 1999 ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHW Military history::NHWR Specific wars and campaigns::NHWR7 Second World War ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHW Military history::NHWL Modern warfare ; thema EDItEUR::3 Time period qualifiers::3M c 1500 onwards to present day::3MP 20th century, c 1900 to c 1999::3MPB Early 20th century c 1900 to c 1950::3MPBL c 1940 to c 1949::3MPBLB c 1938 to c 1946 (World War Two period) ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MB Medicine: general issues::MBX History of medicine
    Language: English
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    Chapter 3 can we distinguish the sheep from the wolves? : AmigrÃs, Allies, and the Reconstruction of Germany (2021)
    Oxford University Press | The Perils of Peace
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: When the war was over in 1945, Germany was a country with no government, little functioning infrastructure, millions of refugees and homeless people, and huge foreign armies living largely off the land. Large parts of the country were covered in rubble, with no clean drinking water, electricity, or gas. Hospitals overflowed with patients, but were short of beds, medicines, and medical personnel. In these conditions, the potential for epidemics and public health disasters was severe. This is a study of how the four occupiers—Britain, France, the Soviet Union, and the United States—attempted to keep their own troops and the ex-enemy population alive. While the war was still being fought, German public health was a secondary consideration for them, an unaffordable and undeserved luxury. But once fighting ceased and the occupation began, it rapidly turned into a urgent priority. Public health was now recognized as an indispensable component of creating order, keeping the population governable, and facilitating the reconstruction of German society. But they faced a number of insoluble problems in the process: Which Germans could be trusted to work with the occupiers, and how were they to be identified? Who could be tolerated because of a lack of alternatives? How, if at all, could former Nazis be reformed and reintegrated into German society? What was the purpose of the occupation anyway? This is the first carefully researched comparison of the four occupation zones which looks at the occupation through the prism of public health, an essential service fundamentally shaped by political and economic criteria, and which in turn was to determine the success or failure of the occupation.
    Keywords: post-war germany ; public health ; world war ii ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology ; thema EDItEUR::3 Time period qualifiers::3M c 1500 onwards to present day::3MP 20th century, c 1900 to c 1999::3MPQ Later 20th century c 1950 to c 1999 ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHW Military history::NHWR Specific wars and campaigns::NHWR7 Second World War ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHW Military history::NHWL Modern warfare ; thema EDItEUR::3 Time period qualifiers::3M c 1500 onwards to present day::3MP 20th century, c 1900 to c 1999::3MPB Early 20th century c 1900 to c 1950::3MPBL c 1940 to c 1949::3MPBLB c 1938 to c 1946 (World War Two period) ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MB Medicine: general issues::MBX History of medicine
    Language: English
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    Empires and Communities in the Post-Roman and Islamic World, c. 400 – 1000 CE (2022)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: This book deals with the ways in which empires affect smaller communities – for instance, ethnic groups, religious communities, local or peripheral populations. It addresses Byzantinium, the early Islamic World and the West in the 5th to 10th centuries CE, a period with a particular dynamic of imperial formation and decline in Europe and the Mediterranean.
    Description: Dieser Band beschäftigt sich mit den Auswirkungen von Imperien auf kleinere Gemeinschaften – zum Beispiel ethnische verbände, religiöse Gemeinschaften, lokale oder periphere Bevölkerungen. Behnadelt werden Byzanz, die frühislamische Welt und der Westen im 5.-10. Jahrhundert n. Chr., eine Zeit von besonders dynamischen Prozessen von Neubildung und verfall von Imperien in Europa und dem Mittelmeeraum.
    Keywords: Imperien – Geschichte – vor 1500; Zivilisation, mittelalterliche; Mittelalter; Islamisches Imperium, Geschichte; Ethnizität, Geschichte, bis 1500; Ost und West ; ÖFOS 2012, Byzantinistik ; ÖFOS 2012, Globalgeschichte ; ÖFOS 2012, Islam ; Imperialism—History—To 1500; Civilization, Medieval; Middle Ages; Islamic Empire—History; Ethnicity—History—To 1500; East and West (nach LCSH) ; ÖFOS 2012, Byzantine studies ; ÖFOS 2012, Global history ; ÖFOS 2012, Islam ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology ; thema EDItEUR::3 Time period qualifiers::3K CE period up to c 1500 ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHG Middle Eastern history
    Language: English
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    Sick Note (2022)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: Sick Note is a history of how the British state asked, ‘who is really sick?’ Tracing medical certification for absence from work from 1948 to 2010, it shows that doctors, employers, employees, politicians, media commentators, and citizens each concerned themselves with measuring sickness. At various times, each understood that a signed note from a doctor was not enough to ‘prove’ whether someone was ‘really’ sick. Yet, with no better alternative on offer, the sick note survived in practice and in the popular imagination—just like the welfare state itself. Sick Note reveals the interplay between medical, employment, and social security policy. The physical note became an integral part of working and living in Britain, while the term ‘sick note’ was often deployed rhetorically as a mocking nickname or symbol of Britain’s economic and political troubles. Using government policy documents, popular media, internet archives, and contemporary research, this book covers the evolution of medical certification and the welfare state since the Second World War, demonstrating how sickness and disability policies responded to demographic and economic changes—though not always satisfactorily for administrators or claimants. Moreover, despite the creation of ‘the fit note’ in 2010, the idea of ‘the sick note’ has remained. With the specific challenges posed by the global pandemic in the early 2020s, Sick Note shows how the question of ‘who is really sick?’ has never been straightforward and will continue to perplex the British state.
    Keywords: history, welfare, United Kingdom, social security, medicine, employment, absenteeism, disability, politics ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology ; thema EDItEUR::3 Time period qualifiers::3M c 1500 onwards to present day ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHT History: specific events and topics::NHTB Social and cultural history ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MB Medicine: general issues::MBX History of medicine
    Language: English
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