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  • Springer Nature  (1,070,081)
  • PANGAEA  (425,679)
  • Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
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  • 1
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    Springer Nature | Springer International Publishing
    Publication Date: 2024-01-16
    Description: This open access book presents an interdisciplinary, multi-authored, edited collection of chapters on Artificial Intelligence (‘AI’) and the Law. AI technology has come to play a central role in the modern data economy. Through a combination of increased computing power, the growing availability of data and the advancement of algorithms, AI has now become an umbrella term for some of the most transformational technological breakthroughs of this age. The importance of AI stems from both the opportunities that it offers and the challenges that it entails. While AI applications hold the promise of economic growth and efficiency gains, they also create significant risks and uncertainty. The potential and perils of AI have thus come to dominate modern discussions of technology and ethics – and although AI was initially allowed to largely develop without guidelines or rules, few would deny that the law is set to play a fundamental role in shaping the future of AI. As the debate over AI is far from over, the need for rigorous analysis has never been greater. This book thus brings together contributors from different fields and backgrounds to explore how the law might provide answers to some of the most pressing questions raised by AI. An outcome of the Católica Research Centre for the Future of Law and its interdisciplinary working group on Law and Artificial Intelligence, it includes contributions by leading scholars in the fields of technology, ethics and the law.
    Keywords: Artificial Intelligence ; Information Technology ; Data Science ; Machine Learning ; Law And Artificial Intelligence ; Law and Technology ; Law and Information technology ; Law And Data Science ; Legal Framework For Artificial Intelligence ; Ethics Of Artificial Intelligence ; bic Book Industry Communication::L Law::LN Laws of Specific jurisdictions::LNJ Entertainment & media law ; bic Book Industry Communication::U Computing & information technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence ; bic Book Industry Communication::U Computing & information technology::UB Information technology: general issues::UBL Legal aspects of IT
    Language: English
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  • 2
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    Springer Nature | Springer Nature Switzerland
    Publication Date: 2024-01-16
    Description: This open access book constitutes papers from the research workshops presented at XP 2022 and XP 2023, respectively the 23rd and 24th International Conferences on Agile Software Development, held on June 13-17, 2022 at the IT University of Copenhagen, Denmark and June 13-16, 2023 in Amsterdam, Netherlands. XP is the premier agile software development conference combining research and practice. It is a unique forum where agile researchers, practitioners, thought leaders, coaches, and trainers get together to present and discuss their most recent innovations, research results, experiences, concerns, challenges, and trends. XP conferences provide an informal environment to learn and trigger discussions and welcome both people new to agile and seasoned agile practitioners. In 2022, the following workshops took place: ● 3rd International Workshop on Agility with Microservices Programming ● 2nd International Workshop on Agile Sustainability ● Agile and Education In 2023, six workshops were held: ● Workshop on Organisational Debt and Large-Scale Agile ● Workshop on Software-Intensive Business ● Workshop on Global and Hybrid Work ● Workshop on Fear-Based Agile Transformation ● Workshop on AI-assisted Agile ● Workshop on Agile-Quantum Software Engineering In 2022, 6 workshop papers were accepted for publication in these post-proceedings, out of 11 submissions, and in 2023, 15 papers were accepted for publication out of 38 submissions.
    Keywords: software measurement ; software creation and management ; process management ; project management ; software development techniques ; empirical software engineering ; continuous experimentation ; business agility ; large-scale agile ; agile software development ; microservices ; extreme programming ; bic Book Industry Communication::U Computing & information technology::UM Computer programming / software development::UMZ Software Engineering ; bic Book Industry Communication::U Computing & information technology::UY Computer science::UYZ Human-computer interaction::UYZM Information architecture ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KJ Business & management::KJQ Business mathematics & systems
    Language: English
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  • 3
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    Springer Nature | Apress
    Publication Date: 2024-01-16
    Description: Create mods using the popular game Farming Simulator with Lua, a versatile scripting language that can run on various platforms and applications. This open access book is best suited for programmers who want to learn how to use Lua to write scripts that can enhance and extend the gameplay experience. You'll start by reviewing the basics of programming in Lua and then move on to advanced topics, such as object-oriented programming, vehicle and placeable specializations, network synchronization, and creating custom user interfaces. With step-by-step instructions and detailed explanations, you'll see how to create scripts that modify game mechanics and add new features to the game. The practical examples and projects are ideal for providing hands-on experience with Lua scripting. Whether you are a creator looking to take your skills to the next level or a game developer interested in learning a new programming language, Scripting Farming Simulator with Lua is the ultimate guide to mastering Lua scripting. What You'll Learn Understand the fundamentals of programming in LUA Implement a basic “Hello-World” mod Add a new graphical user interface to your mod Use hook scripts to extend base game features Publish your mod on the official Farming Simulator ModHub Who This Book Is For Creators who want to add new features to Farming Simulator; game developers who want to learn a new programming language for modding purposes, and anyone who wants to expand their knowledge of programming and scripting.
    Keywords: Modding ; Lua ; Farming Simulator ; Scripting ; GIANTS Editor ; bic Book Industry Communication::U Computing & information technology::UM Computer programming / software development::UMK Games development & programming
    Language: English
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  • 4
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    Springer Nature | Palgrave Macmillan
    Publication Date: 2024-01-16
    Description: This open access book introduces a groundbreaking concept - civil society elites - and serves as an essential resource for scholars, researchers and students interested in the complexities of power and influence within contemporary civil societies. Through a series of unique empirical studies, the authors offer a comprehensive examination of the individuals occupying the upper echelons of influential civil society organisations and movements. By delving into the factors that propel individuals into key positions and examining the connections between civil society leaders within and across sectors, the book offers insight into the mechanisms that shape access to powerful positions in civil societies. As a reflection of current debates on elites and populism, the book furthermore explores the expression and conceptualisation of counter-elite positions and criticism of civil society elites. With its original approach, the book serves as a catalyst for further research into inequalities, power structures and elites within civil societies.
    Keywords: Civil society elites ; Elite theory ; Civil society theory ; Elite integration ; Elite reproduction ; Elite contestation ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFF Social issues & processes ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JK Social services & welfare, criminology::JKS Social welfare & social services::JKSN Social work ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JH Sociology & anthropology::JHB Sociology
    Language: English
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  • 5
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    Springer Nature | Palgrave Macmillan
    Publication Date: 2024-01-16
    Description: Affordable housing shortage and social exclusion have become severe societal problems across the globe. Increasing numbers of people are suffering from social eviction and displacement due to urban densification, modernization, rising rents, and intense housing commodification. Vulnerable resident groups – such as old-aged or households with children – who often live in old housing stocks planned to be densified, renovated, or upgraded with higher rents, are forced to leave the urban core centers because they can no longer afford to live in central locations, or because they experience unstable or insecure housing conditions. A scenario that is highly unsustainable. So far, studies on densification have mainly considered the process as technological, architectural, or design-based problem (e.g., Kyttä et al., 2013; Broitman & Koomen, 2015; Bibby et al., 2018). However, systematic knowledge on how to implement densification objectives sustainably – regarding economic, environmental, and social aspects – is still lacking. This book tackles this gap by analyzing densification from a governance perspective. Its point of departure is that densification per se does not necessarily lead to sustainable outcomes in terms of social inclusion, cohesion, or community stability. Rather, it politicizes densification by neglecting how the process is planned, implemented, and governed by the actors involved. The book applies an actors-centered neoinstitutionalist political ecology approach to reveal the specific objectives and strategies of actors involved, as well as the socio-political structures (i.e. rules. laws, and policies) that govern densification. Four Swiss in-depth empirical qualitative case studies (Zürich, Basel, Köniz, and Kloten) illustrate the political and legal conditions for success or failure for (un)sustainable implementations of densification. Ultimately, this book advises stakeholders, governments, urban practitioners, and academics on more effective, community-oriented, collective, and decommodified forms of governance to respond to the needs of the public at large rather than simply catering to private individuals and firms. Such governance initiatives entail active municipal land policy approaches outside a purely market-based investment logic that not only limit, but also work with property rights. This is an open access book.
    Keywords: Densification ; Gentrification ; Social exclusion ; Decommodification ; Governance ; Affordable housing ; Active land policy ; sustainable housing ; urban densification ; housing commodification ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JH Sociology & anthropology::JHB Sociology ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government::JPP Public administration ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning::RG Geography::RGC Human geography ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning::RN The environment::RNU Sustainability
    Language: English
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  • 6
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    Springer Nature | J.B. Metzler
    Publication Date: 2024-01-16
    Description: OKAY erfreut sich ungebrochener Beliebtheit. In der Mündlichkeit wurde es bereits in den 1960er-Jahren erforscht. In der schriftlichen Online-Kommunikation begegnet uns OKAY in zahlreichen Kommunikationskontexten. Um aktiv an solchen Kontexten teilnehmen zu können, folgen Internetnutzer*innen den erforderlichen Praktiken der Netzkommunikation. Dieses Open Access Buch setzt an diesen Aspekten an: Neben der Herausstellung allgemeiner Verwendungsweisen von OKAY in digitalen Kontexten, galt es, die Forschungslücke zu schriftlichem OKAY aus interaktionsorientierter Perspektive zu schließen. Dafür wurden Artikeldiskussionsbeiträge der deutschen, englischen und französischen Wikipedia-Sprachversionen sprachkontrastiv analysiert. Die Ergebnisse verdeutlichen, dass es Gemeinsamkeiten und Unterschiede zwischen mündlichen und schriftlichen OKAYs sowie in Bezug auf sprachkontrastive OKAY-Gebrauchsweisen in den jeweiligen Wikipedia-Communities gibt. OKAY wird in der Schriftlichkeit, neben den Funktionsweisen, die es auch im Mündlichen aufweist, in teilweise aufwendige Einschub- und Erweiterungsmuster eingebunden, die so für OKAY in den mündlichen Daten nicht festgestellt werden konnten.
    Keywords: Wikipedia ; Korpuslinguistik ; Interaktionale Linguistik ; Sprachkontrastive Analyse ; Interaktive Einheiten ; OKAY ; Sprache im Internet ; bic Book Industry Communication::C Language::CB Language: reference & general::CBX Language: history & general works ; bic Book Industry Communication::C Language::CF linguistics::CFK Grammar, syntax & morphology
    Language: German
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  • 7
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    Springer Nature | Springer VS
    Publication Date: 2024-01-16
    Description: In diesem Open-Access-Buch wird erstmals die sozialrechtsbezogene Beratung von Verbänden als Strategie im Zugang zum Recht in die Tiefe gehend analysiert und anhand von drei exemplarisch dargestellten Beratungssituationen die Herstellung eines Zugangs zum System sozialer Sicherung rekonstruiert. Die Beratung der Sozialverbände zu sozialen Problemlagen ist ein historisch gewachsenes Gefüge im Sozialstaat. Sie tragen mit ihrer Beratung dazu bei, dass Bürger:innen im Bedarfsfall Barrieren im Zugang zum System sozialer Sicherung überwinden und auf die sozialen Sicherungssysteme zugreifen können. Die Gestaltung des Beratungssettings ist dabei von ausschlaggebender Bedeutung.
    Keywords: sozialrechtsbezogene Beratung ; Rechtsmobilisierung ; Zugang zum Recht ; System sozialer Sicherung ; Sozialverbände ; Sozialrecht ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences
    Language: German
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  • 8
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    Springer Nature | Springer Nature Switzerland
    Publication Date: 2024-01-17
    Description: This open access book provides an overview of the progress in landslide research and technology and is part of a book series of the International Consortium on Landslides (ICL). The book provides a common platform for the publication of recent progress in landslide research and technology for practical applications and the benefit for the society contributing to the Kyoto Landslide Commitment 2020, which is expected to continue up to 2030 and even beyond to globally promote the understanding and reduction of landslide disaster risk, as well as to address the 2030 Agenda Sustainable Development Goals.
    Keywords: Landslide Disaster Mitigation Measures ; Monitoring and Early Warning ; Testing, Modeling and Risk Assessment ; Frontiers of Landslide Science and Applications ; Landslide Mechanism and Dynamics ; Catastrophic Landslides ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning::RN The environment::RNR Natural disasters ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning::RB Earth sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning::RB Earth sciences::RBG Geology & the lithosphere ; bic Book Industry Communication::U Computing & information technology::UB Information technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning::RG Geography ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning::RB Earth sciences::RBP Meteorology & climatology
    Language: English
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  • 9
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    Springer Nature | Springer International Publishing
    Publication Date: 2024-01-16
    Description: This open access book addresses the epistemological and ontological significance as well as the scope of new mechanism. In particular, this book addresses the issues of what is "new" about new mechanism, the epistemological and ontological reasons underlying the adoption of mechanistic instead of other modelling strategies as well as the possibility of mechanistic explanation to accommodate a non-trivial notion of emergence. Arguably, new mechanism has been particularly successful in making sense of scientific practice in the molecular life sciences. But what about other sciences? This book enlarges the context of analysis, addressing the issue of the putative compatibility between the current ways of conceiving new mechanism and actual scientific practices in quantum physics, chemistry, biochemistry, developmental biology and the cognitive sciences.
    Keywords: Evo-devo ; Structural realism ; New mechanism ; Mechanistic explanation ; Mechanistic models ; Organisms need mechanisms ; Mechanisms of emergence ; Mechanisms in chemistry ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HP Philosophy::HPK Philosophy: epistemology & theory of knowledge ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PD Science: general issues::PDA Philosophy of science ; bic Book Industry Communication::U Computing & information technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence::UYQM Machine learning
    Language: English
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  • 10
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    Springer Nature | Springer Nature Switzerland
    Publication Date: 2024-01-16
    Description: This open access book features an in-depth exploration of the intricate creep behavior exhibited by metallic materials, with a specific focus on elucidating the underlying mechanical properties governing their response at elevated temperatures, particularly in the context of polycrystalline alloys. Traditional approaches to characterizing mechanical properties have historically relied upon empirical models replete with numerous adjustable parameters, painstakingly tuned to match experimental data. While these methods offer practical simplicity, they often yield outcomes that defy meaningful extrapolation and application to novel systems, invariably necessitating the recalibration of parameters afresh. In stark contrast, this book compiles a compendium of models sourced from the scientific literature, meticulously crafted through ab initio methodologies rooted in fundamental physical principles. Notably, these models stand apart by their conspicuous absence of adjustable parameters. This pioneering effort is envisioned as a groundbreaking initiative, marking the first of its kind in the field. The resulting models, bereft of arbitrary tuning, offer a level of predictability hitherto unattained. Notably, they provide a secure foundation for ascertaining operational mechanisms, contributing significantly to enhancing our understanding of material behavior in high-temperature environments. This open access book is a valuable resource for researchers and seasoned students engaged in the study of creep phenomena in metallic materials. Readers will find a comprehensive exposition of these novel, parameter-free models, facilitating a deeper comprehension of the intricate mechanics governing material deformation at elevated temperatures.
    Keywords: Stress strain curves ; Stationary creep ; Dislocation model ; Creep with low stress exponents ; Solid solution hardening ; Precipitation hardening ; Modelling of subgrain formation ; Grain boundary sliding ; Brittle rupture ; Ductile rupture ; Hart's criterion ; Cavitation ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TG Mechanical engineering & materials::TGM Materials science ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics::PHF Materials / States of matter
    Language: English
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  • 11
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    Springer Nature | Springer International Publishing
    Publication Date: 2024-01-16
    Description: This open access book about the sustainability of marine and terrestrial ecosystems in southern Africa provides a synthesis of the research program Science Partnerships for the Adaptation to Complex Earth System Processes (SPACES II, 2018-2022). It addresses the scientific, social, and economic issues related to climate change, its potential impacts on the various ecosystems, adaptations, and management interventions for enhancing systems resilience in Southern Africa. It is written by numerous scientists from African states and Germany and summarizes the latest research findings, which are of great relevance for a better understanding of climate change impacts, adaptations, and vulnerabilities as well as for developing management options and policy options to reduce the associated risks. This is crucial considering that the projected African population increase is exceptional. Furthermore, climate change is assumed to hit southern Africa extremely hard with a significant increase in extreme events and the frequency of severe droughts, heat waves, and flooding. Southern Africa hosts a high variety of ecosystems, which belongs to important biodiversity hotspots for unique flora and fauna. The surrounding oceans form, in turn, a bottle neck within the ocean’s global thermohaline circulation, act as a still poorly understood carbon sink and source and play an important role for fisheries as they are highly productive. Considering these important aspects, the book is an important interdisciplinary contribution to the scientific literature and will find a wide readership. The book is aimed at students, teachers, and scientists in the fields of terrestrial and marine ecology, environmental, nature and landscape planning, agriculture, environmental and resource management, biodiversity, and nature conservation, as well as scientists and representatives in specialised authorities and associations, nature conservationists, and policy makers of related disciplines.
    Keywords: Climate Change ; Climate Change Impacts ; Climate-Driven Changes ; Climate Extremes ; Ecosystems ; Management Options ; Management Strategies ; SPACES II ; Sustainability ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAF Ecological science, the Biosphere ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning::RN The environment::RNK Conservation of the environment ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning::RN The environment::RNF Environmental management ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning::RN The environment::RNU Sustainability
    Language: English
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  • 12
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    Springer Nature | Palgrave Macmillan
    Publication Date: 2024-01-16
    Description: ​This open access neuroaesthetics textbook, the first in the world, is designed for teaching a semester module (14 meetings) to undergraduate/masters students from both the sciences and the humanities. Written in a style that appeals to humanities students without prior science training, and to science students without prior humanities training, the textbook contains 6 Units, material for an introductory class, and summative comments to be discussed in a closing meeting. Each Unit comprises an overview designed as student home reading, a lecture, and a lab. The labs contain detailed step-by-step instructions for running a basic experiment and analysing the collected data, that can be easily implemented in humanities and science departments alike. The textbook introduces students to philosophical considerations of neuroaesthetics topics in context of the history of empirical aesthetics, showcases experimental approaches to the empirical study of dance, the visual arts, and music, and supports hands-on training in experimental research methods.
    Keywords: neuroaesthetics ; perception ; art ; quantitative methods ; qualitative methods ; psychology of creativity ; artificial intelligence ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology::JMR Cognition & cognitive psychology ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HP Philosophy::HPN Philosophy: aesthetics ; bic Book Industry Communication::A The arts::AB The arts: general issues
    Language: English
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  • 13
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    Springer Nature | Springer International Publishing
    Publication Date: 2024-01-16
    Description: In this open access book, the editors explicitly address the issue of measuring gender equality. The book introduces readers to basic concepts of gender equality, equity and equal opportunities, then discusses measuring these phenomena, the methods of constructing indicators, and reviews the main indicators that have been proposed at the international level to measure gender equality. It then sets the theoretical discussions against the findings from a Jean Monnet project financed by the European Union to highlight the importance of a regional analysis of gender equality in four main study areas: Italy, Spain, France and Germany. The results make it clear that it is necessary to move from the purely national perspective hitherto used in gender equality analyses to a regional one because differences can be highly pronounced even within the same country. This is a self-contained volume requiring limited statistical expertise for the reader and is aimed at social researchers and policymakers who wish to address gender equality from a quantitative perspective.
    Keywords: Gender Equality ; Gender Gap ; Indicators ; Measurement ; Policy Making ; European Union ; Complexity ; Regional Studies ; Gender Responsive ; Fiscal Policies ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFS Social groups::JFSJ Gender studies, gender groups ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KJ Business & management::KJM Management & management techniques::KJMV Management of specific areas::KJMV2 Personnel & human resources management ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JH Sociology & anthropology::JHB Sociology::JHBC Social research & statistics ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFF Social issues & processes
    Language: English
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  • 14
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    Springer Nature | Springer Vieweg
    Publication Date: 2024-01-16
    Description: Dieses Open-Access-Handbuch versteht sich als praktisches Hilfsmittel für den gezielten Einsatz eines automatisierten ÖPNV auf dem Weg zur Mobilitätswende. Es richtet sich in erster Linie an Entscheidungsträger, Verwaltungen kleinerer und größerer Kommunen sowie an Verkehrsbetriebe. Das Handbuch vermittelt der Leserin und dem Leser einen umfassenden Überblick über verschiedene Entwicklungslinien des automatisierten Fahrens sowie über die damit verbundenen Chancen und Risiken für Mobilität und Gesellschaft. Die Autorinnen und Autoren verdeutlichen sehr anschaulich, dass die Chancen des automatisierten Fahrens vor allem in der Ergänzung oder Erweiterung des ÖPNV liegen. Davon ausgehend adressiert das Buch sehr praxisnah und umsetzungsorientiert alle wesentlichen Fragestellungen, die vor dem Start eines Pilotprojekts zur Einführung eines automatisierten ÖPNV bedacht werden sollten. Der Fokus liegt auf den oft unberücksichtigten ländlichen Räumen bzw. jenen Räumen größerer Städte und Regionen, die heute von den Verkehrsbetrieben und -verbünden nicht oder nur sehr unzureichend versorgt werden. Den Herausgebern und der Herausgeberin ist das Anliegen, die Mobilitätswende so gut und rasch als möglich zu schaffen, sowie das Wissen um die herausragende Rolle des ÖPNV als kollektives Verkehrsmittel gemein. Die Autorinnen und Autoren stammen aus der Wissenschaft und aus der täglichen Planungs- und Beratungspraxis. Es ist ihnen in hervorragender Weise gelungen, eine sowohl systemische wie auch sehr lösungsorientierte Sicht auf die oft komplexe Aufgabe der Mobilitätswende zu eröffnen und die Rolle zu beschreiben, die ein automatisierter ÖPNV bei der Mobilitätswende spielen könnte.
    Keywords: Automatisiertes Fahren ; ÖPNV ; Mobilitätswende ; ländlicher Raum ; Nachhaltigkeit ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TR Transport technology & trades::TRC Automotive technology & trades ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TN Civil engineering, surveying & building::TNH Highway & traffic engineering
    Language: German
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  • 15
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    Springer Nature | Springer International Publishing
    Publication Date: 2024-01-16
    Description: This open access book bridges a gap between introductory Quantum Field Theory (QFT) courses and state-of-the-art research in scattering amplitudes. It covers the path from basic definitions of QFT to amplitudes, which are relevant for processes in the Standard Model of particle physics. The book begins with a concise yet self-contained introduction to QFT, including perturbative quantum gravity. It then presents modern methods for calculating scattering amplitudes, focusing on tree-level amplitudes, loop-level integrands and loop integration techniques. These methods help to reveal intriguing relations between gauge and gravity amplitudes and are of increasing importance for obtaining high-precision predictions for collider experiments, such as those at the Large Hadron Collider, as well as for foundational mathematical physics studies in QFT, including recent applications to gravitational wave physics.These course-tested lecture notes include numerous exercises with solutions. Requiring only minimal knowledge of QFT, they are well-suited for MSc and PhD students as a preparation for research projects in theoretical particle physics. They can be used as a one-semester graduate level course, or as a self-study guide for researchers interested in fundamental aspects of quantum field theory.
    Keywords: scattering amplitudes in gauge and gravity theory ; perturbative QCD ; Feynman integrals ; BCFW recursion relations ; conformal symmetry in QFT ; spinor helicity method ; colour decomposition for QCD amplitudes ; BCJ relations in QFT ; dimensional regularization in Feynman diagrams ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics::PHQ Quantum physics (quantum mechanics & quantum field theory) ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics::PHP Particle & high-energy physics ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics::PHU Mathematical physics
    Language: English
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  • 16
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    Springer Nature | Palgrave Macmillan
    Publication Date: 2024-01-16
    Description: This open access book breaks new ground by examining the significant role played by radio in empowering women in three Francophone West African countries: Mali, Niger and Burkina Faso. It examines the representation and perception of key themes broadcast by radio and associated with women’s empowerment in the three countries. Each chapter contextualises a specific topic in the country and then explores discrete aspects of radio’s provision. The topics covered in the chapters are women’s political engagement; women and finances; women and life within marriage; inheritance; women’s involvement in radio structures; and radio, internally displaced women, and trauma. Given the social, economic and political vulnerability and deteriorating security situation of the three countries, this book provides a timely and meaningful contribution to acknowledging and understanding the vital role of radio in women’s empowerment.
    Keywords: radio ; Mali ; Niger ; women ; gender ; development ; journalism ; francophone ; community media ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFD Media studies ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFC Cultural studies ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFS Social groups::JFSJ Gender studies, gender groups::JFSJ1 Gender studies: women
    Language: English
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  • 17
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    Springer Nature | Springer Nature Switzerland
    Publication Date: 2024-01-16
    Description: This open access book includes a selection of innovative contributions presented at the 4th international conference “Smart and Sustainable Planning for Cities and Regions 2022”, held in Bolzano, Italy in July 2022. Featuring 10 papers by academics and consultants, strongly rooted in practical experiences and international projects, it discusses current ground-breaking research in innovative and sustainable planning for cities, with a focus on the environmental, economic, and social challenges associated with the global sustainability transition and energy systems integration. The contributions are illustrative of the richness of the issues discussed and the breadth of the emerging themes, including innovative business models for building and infrastructure at district level, integrated sustainability assessment schemes for Positive Energy Districts, a material flow accounting model for regional metabolism, energy communities as a lever to promote historical and landscape values, optimized and electrified last-mile logistics, multi-criteria decision analysis tools to redefine center/periphery relationships, a framework for socio-spatial analysis related to social practices, design principles and communication technologies improving both indoor and outdoor public spaces, augmented nature-based solution coupling the green elements with the latest technologies to deliver healthier and more appealing cities.
    Keywords: Environmental Protection ; Urban Planning ; Regional Planning ; Urban Big Data ; SSPCR ; Urban Geography ; Smart Cities ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning::RG Geography ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government::JPQ Central government::JPQB Central government policies ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JH Sociology & anthropology::JHB Sociology ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KC Economics::KCP Political economy
    Language: English
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  • 18
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    Springer Nature | Springer Nature Singapore
    Publication Date: 2024-01-16
    Description: This open access book provides a unique perspective on the relationship between immigration, culture, and health. It presents a cross-cultural perspective between culture and illness. It touches upon identity struggles, the notion of not feeling “safe, understood, accepted,” and its relation to Arab American health. The book provides a comprehensive review of the history of Muslims in America and discusses better healthcare services for chronic illness—diabetes. It provides an ethnographic framework for building cultural belief models of illness, which helps study any illness among any population. It is a must-read for everyone interested in understanding the relationship among culture, health, and immigration, as well as the importance of building cultural belief models of illness and their possible impact on providing better healthcare services. The book is of interest to scholars, caregivers, and those living with diabetes.
    Keywords: Immigration and Health ; Arab Americans ; Culture and Health ; Diabetes Cultural Beliefs ; Diabetes and Culture ; Migrants Health ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JK Social services & welfare, criminology::JKV Crime & criminology ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFF Social issues & processes::JFFN Migration, immigration & emigration ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MB Medicine: general issues::MBN Public health & preventive medicine
    Language: English
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  • 19
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    Springer Nature | Springer Berlin Heidelberg
    Publication Date: 2024-01-16
    Description: In Kinderschutzfällen ist es Aufgabe der Jugendämter und Familiengerichte, im Raum stehende Kindeswohlgefährdungen einzuschätzen und gegebenenfalls durch geeignete Hilfen und Maßnahmen abzuwenden. Diese Einschätzungen und Entscheidungen können den weiteren Lebensweg von Kindern und ihren Eltern stark beeinträchtigen. Umso wichtiger ist es, dass die an familiengerichtlichen Kinderschutzverfahren beteiligten professionellen Akteure sich über ihre eigenen Aufgaben und die der anderen im Klaren sind, damit sie gut zusammenarbeiten können. Das vorliegende Buch vermittelt Grundlagenwissen aus verschiedenen Disziplinen und bietet damit das Fundament für eine gute interdisziplinäre Zusammenarbeit. Es enthält tatsachenwissenschaftliche Erkenntnisse zu Kindeswohlgefährdungen und deren Abwendung Grundlagenwissen zur kindlichen Entwicklung Orientierung zu den beteiligten Akteuren, Vernetzung und Interdisziplinarität Kenntnisse über die rechtlichen Rahmenbedingungen Grundzüge zum Ablauf von Kinderschutzverfahren Die Publikation orientiert sich am interdisziplinären Online-Kurs „Gute Kinderschutzverfahren“ (https://guteverfahren.elearning-kinderschutz.de/) und bietet allen juristischen, sozialpädagogischen, psychologischen und medizinischen Fachkräften die für qualifizierte Kinderschutzverfahren benötigten vertieften Grundlagenkenntnisse. Es handelt sich um eine Open-Access-Publikation mit freiem und uneingeschränktem Zugang zur elektronischen Ausgabe.
    Keywords: Kinderschutzverfahren ; Sexuelle Gewalt gegen Kinder ; Verfahren nach § 1666 BGB ; Kindswohlgefährdung ; Kindgerechte Verfahren ; Entwicklungspsychologie ; Entwicklungspsychopathologie ; Misshandlungsformen ; Misshandlungsfolgen ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MM Other branches of medicine::MMH Psychiatry ; bic Book Industry Communication::L Law ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MM Other branches of medicine::MMJ Clinical psychology::MMJT Psychotherapy ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MM Other branches of medicine::MMJ Clinical psychology ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education
    Language: German
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    Springer Nature | Springer Nature Singapore
    Publication Date: 2024-01-16
    Description: This open access book provides key insights into the social fundamentals of learning and indications of social interactive modes conducive and restrictive of that learning in China. Combining theoretical and technical advances in an innovative research design, this book focuses on collaborative problem solving in mathematics to increase the visibility of social interactions in teachers’ designing, students’ learning and teachers’ instructional intervention. It also explores students’ cognitive and social interaction as well as teacher intervention in students’ group collaboration.
    Keywords: Collaborative Problem Solving ; Group Collaboration ; Problem Solving ; Collaborative Learning ; Social Interaction ; Cognitive Interaction ; Student Participation ; Student Interaction ; Teacher Guidance ; Teacher Intervention ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education::JNU Teaching of a specific subject ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education
    Language: English
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    Springer Nature | Palgrave Macmillan
    Publication Date: 2024-01-16
    Description: This open access edited book investigates European social rights in practice from socio-legal perspectives. It brings together fourteen socio-legal scholars, representing Nordic and Western European countries, who analyse different aspects pertaining to European social rights, namely the regulation of social rights, encounters between welfare professionals and citizens, and citizens’ mobilisation of social rights. These three different aspects from the structure for the sections in the anthology, each analysing transformations related to regulation, encounters and rights mobilisation. The book contributes to the existing literature as it focuses on interdependent transformations on macro, meso and micro levels which are key for understanding processes and contexts related to European social rights in practice. It speaks particularly to academics in sociology of law and/or regulation.
    Keywords: legal aid ; mobilising rights ; access to justice ; Social rights ; administrative justice ; welfare state ; sociology of law ; bic Book Industry Communication::L Law::LA Jurisprudence & general issues::LAQ Law & society ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government::JPQ Central government::JPQB Central government policies ; bic Book Industry Communication::L Law::LN Laws of Specific jurisdictions::LND Constitutional & administrative law ; bic Book Industry Communication::L Law::LB International law ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government::JPV Political control & freedoms::JPVH Human rights
    Language: English
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    Springer Nature | Palgrave Macmillan
    Publication Date: 2024-01-16
    Description: This open access edited volume focuses on the scope and benefits of strengthening local industrial-health linkages. The Covid-19 pandemic collapsed international supply chains for health. That experience brought home to African policy makers the critical nature of local manufacturing capabilities for sustaining and strengthening health care, and highlighted the pandemic benefits of India’s much stronger industrial base. At that time, a network of researchers in East Africa, India and the UK were investigating how to address the crisis of cancer care in low-resource health systems. Their project, uniquely, focused on the scope and benefits of strengthening local industrial-health linkages. The project researchers were also drawn into the pressing demands of Covid19 response. The result is this very timely book. The authors link their research on cancer to pandemic experience, and they draw sharp lessons for how countries can enhance their populations’ health security. The authors argue that improving cancer care is crucial for human wellbeing and more inclusive health care. They challenge policy makers to bring together health needs, health innovations and improved industrial capabilities to embed better cancer care and broader health system improvement in local industrial innovation and development.
    Keywords: Covid19 ; cancer ; Africa ; India ; health security ; manufacturing for health ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government::JPS International relations
    Language: English
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  • 23
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    Springer Nature | Palgrave Macmillan
    Publication Date: 2024-01-16
    Description: This Open Access book examines the link between intercultural competence (IC) and pragmatics by asking frontline modern foreign language teachers in higher education teaching a variety of languages (e.g., Dutch, English, French, German, Italian, Spanish, Swedish) how they conceptualise intercultural competence and which skills, competences and knowledge they consider important in their teaching contexts. The data were collected with an online survey that focused on the relationship between intercultural competence and pragmatics. While international organizations such as the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) or the Council of Europe (CoE) agree that intercultural competence should play an important role in education, it is not always clear what IC may encompass in specific teaching contexts and subject areas. Examining how modern foreign language teachers in higher education conceptualise intercultural competence and the value they attach as well as the attention they give to various areas of pragmatics in their teaching is highly important, since those language professionals may be the final teachers learners encounter during their formal foreign language education. They are therefore in a unique position to shape modern foreign language learners’ intercultural and pragmatic awareness, competence and skills. This book will be of interest to language professionals, modern foreign language teachers and teacher trainers, as well as students and scholars of applied linguistics, pragmatics, and language education.
    Keywords: intercultural competence ; pragmatic competence ; intercultural teaching ; intercultural communicative competence ; L2 pragmatics ; teaching of L2 pragmatics ; intercultural competence in foreign language teaching ; language and culture ; intercultural skills ; intercultural communication ; communicative competence ; intercultural competence in higher education ; intercultural education ; interlanguage pragmatics ; ICC ; IC ; bic Book Industry Communication::C Language::CF linguistics::CFG Semantics, discourse analysis, etc::CFGA Semantics & pragmatics ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GT Interdisciplinary studies::GTC Communication studies ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFD Media studies ; bic Book Industry Communication::C Language::CB Language: reference & general ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education::JNM Higher & further education, tertiary education
    Language: English
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    Springer Nature | Palgrave Macmillan
    Publication Date: 2024-01-16
    Description: This open access book by Nils Karlson explores the strategies used by left- and right-wing populists to make populism intelligible, recognizable, and contestable. It presents a synthesized explanatory model for how populists promote autocratization through the deliberate polarization of society. It traces the ideational roots of the core populist ideas and shows that these ideas form a collectivistic identity politics. Karlson argues that to fight back requires the revival of liberalism itself by defending and developing the liberal institutions, the liberal spirit, liberal narratives, and liberal statecraft.  The book also presents and discusses an extensive list of counterstrategies against populism.  Written within the tradition of political theory and institutional economics, this book uses a wide variety of sources, including results and analyses from social psychology, ethics, law, and history.
    Keywords: Classical Liberalism ; Populism ; Liberalism ; Liberal ; statecraft ; liberal politics ; identity politics ; political theory ; institutional economics ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government::JPA Political science & theory ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KC Economics::KCP Political economy ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JH Sociology & anthropology::JHB Sociology
    Language: English
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    Springer Nature | Springer VS
    Publication Date: 2024-01-16
    Description: In diesem Open-Access-Buch wird ausgehend vom aktuellen Forschungsdiskurs der didaktische Einsatz von Erklärvideos im Sachunterricht untersucht. Der Sachunterricht stellt aufgrund seines umfassenden Bildungsauftrags ein herausforderndes Betätigungsfeld für Lehrkräfte dar. Das audiovisuelle Medienformat Erklärvideo kommt dabei zunehmend zur Anwendung. Anhand einer explorativen qualitativ-empirischen Studie mit österreichischen und deutschen Grundschullehrkräften wird ein Rahmenmodell zum Erklärvideoeinsatz im Sachunterricht entwickelt. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass sowohl die Schulschließungen im Zuge der Coronapandemie als auch der individuelle Umgang mit dem Bildungsauftrag des Sachunterrichts Motive für den Einsatz von Erklärvideos darstellen. Es werden Vorgehensweisen bei der Auswahl bzw. Gestaltung von Erklärvideos sowie didaktische Zielsetzungen und situationsspezifische Umgangsformen mit dem Medium identifiziert. Einflussfaktoren für die Nutzung von Erklärvideos sind die Verfügbarkeit passender Angebote, die technische Ausstattung sowie personenbezogene Faktoren wie persönliches Interesse und Medienkompetenz. Qualitätsvolle Erklärvideos im Sachunterricht können bei zweckmäßigem Einsatz als geeignete Bildungsressourcen für die Lernenden und als didaktisches Werkzeug für die Lehrenden betrachtet werden.
    Keywords: mediendidaktik ; erklärvideo ; rahmenmodell ; grundschule ; sachunterricht ; unterrichtsmedium ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education
    Language: German
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    Springer Nature | Palgrave Macmillan
    Publication Date: 2024-01-16
    Description: This open access book sheds light on 21st-Century multilingualism in the Far North of Europe – Finland, Sweden, Norway, and Estonia – an area with multifaceted contacts between many Uralic and Indo-European languages. These contacts are taking new forms as migration and English as the lingua franca are changing the linguistic situation remarkably. The national languages dominate the life of most inhabitants, while the use of indigenous Saami languages, old minority languages, and the languages of new immigrants is limited to certain areas or domains. This volume takes a close look at multilingual individuals and discusses how their lives are affected by different languages.
    Keywords: language contact ; Scandinavia ; Finland ; Russia ; finno-ugric languages ; linguistic minorities ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GT Interdisciplinary studies::GTC Communication studies ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning::RG Geography::RGC Human geography ; bic Book Industry Communication::C Language::CB Language: reference & general::CBX Language: history & general works ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JH Sociology & anthropology::JHM Anthropology
    Language: English
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    Springer Nature | Palgrave Macmillan
    Publication Date: 2024-01-16
    Description: This book explores the role of nongovernmental mediators in promoting “inclusive peace” to negotiating parties in Myanmar’s Nationwide Ceasefire Agreement (NCA) negotiations from 2011-2015. The influx of NGO mediators directly engaging with the negotiating parties and promoting the inclusivity norm coupled with the salience of discourse around “all-inclusiveness” at the end of the NCA process forms a puzzle around the agency that NGO mediators wield in influencing political outcomes, despite their lack of political and material leverage. The author argues that NGO mediators can effectively promote norms, using mediation processes as a site of norm diffusion. Bespoke international conflict resolution NGOs have become key mediation actors, within the last three decades through creating the niche world of “private diplomacy” and acting as "norm entrepreneurs" at the same time. As informal third parties, these NGO mediators directly engage with politically sensitive actors or convene unofficial peace talks. As NGOs, they are part of an epistemic community of mediation practice, professionalizing the field and producing knowledge on what peace mediation is and what it ought to be. This dual identity as both NGOs and mediators nicely sets them up with a unique agency to promote and diffuse norms. These norms often reflect the liberal peacebuilding paradigm promoted from the Global North, such as inclusion, gender equality and transitional justice, with the view that these norms are not ends in themselves but as necessary ingredients for effective mediation. The book further questions whether NGOs should promote norms in the first place. The outcome of the NCA process presents a critical and cautionary tale of promoting a presumed universal norm into a given locale and expecting a certain outcome without understanding how an external norm interacts with existing normative frameworks. The book illustrates that while NGO mediators do possess the “normative agency” to effectively promote norms to negotiating parties, my empirical research analyses how their promotion of the “inclusivity” norm to the negotiating parties in Myanmar’s NCA paradoxically resulted in exclusionary outcomes: only half of the armed groups in the ethnic armed groups’ negotiating bloc signed, and civil society was effectively crowded out from meaningful participation despite lofty rhetoric. This is an open access book.
    Keywords: peace mediation ; peace negotiations ; nongovernmental mediators ; NGO ; United Nations ; conflict resolution ; critical peace research ; private diplomacy ; unofficial peacemaking ; agentic constructivism ; Myanmar studies ; Asian security policy ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government::JPS International relations ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government::JPS International relations::JPSD Diplomacy
    Language: English
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    Springer Nature | Springer International Publishing
    Publication Date: 2024-01-16
    Description: This OpenAccess - textbook sheds new light on pathology in and around the orbit, which is typically an area where many medical disciplines overlap. Each physician brings a specific expertise, but the goal should be that the end result of all this input is much more than the sum of the parts. Collaboration, insight and overall knowledge of all parties involved are essential to achieve an optimal patient outcome. Oral and Maxillofacial surgeons have traditionally focused on the bony parts of the orbit, but usually have limited knowledge of the intricacies of binocular single vision, and for the Ophthalmologist it may be the other way around. In the past, scientific articles were often written from a single point of view, resulting in tunnel vision for the physician. The multidisciplinary approach to the orbit leads to an improvement in treatment that should not be underestimated and from which the patient benefits immensely. But especially for the physician and the trainees, a multidisciplinary consultation is a real goldmine in which a lot can be gained. Not every medical problem needs to be tackled in a multidisciplinary framework, but problems around the eye socket often do. At Amphia Hospital in Breda, the Netherlands, more than fifteen years ago, a collaboration between Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons, Endocrinologists, Radiologists and Ophthalmologists was initiated, which has proven to be very fruitful. The main focus was on Graves' Orbitopathy and orbital fractures, but problems associated with these conditions were also frequently encountered. For those who want to follow this example, or for those who are interested in both orbital surgery, anatomy or ophthalmological orbital issues, this book could prove to be complementary.
    Keywords: Orbit ; Treatment Protocol ; Graves ; Trauma ; Multidisciplinary ; Orbital Infectiom ; Orbital Anatomy ; OpenAccess ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MM Other branches of medicine::MMD Dentistry::MMDS Oral & maxillofacial surgery ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MJ Clinical & internal medicine::MJQ Ophthalmology ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MF Pre-clinical medicine: basic sciences::MFC Anatomy ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MN Surgery::MNP Plastic & reconstructive surgery ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MJ Clinical & internal medicine::MJP Otorhinolaryngology (ENT)
    Language: English
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    Springer Nature | Springer Nature Switzerland
    Publication Date: 2024-01-16
    Description: This open access textbook introduces and defines digital humanism from a diverse range of disciplines. Following the 2019 Vienna Manifesto, the book calls for a digital humanism that describes, analyzes, and, most importantly, influences the complex interplay of technology and humankind, for a better society and life, fully respecting universal human rights. The book is organized in three parts: Part I “Background” provides the multidisciplinary background needed to understand digital humanism in its philosophical, cultural, technological, historical, social, and economic dimensions. The goal is to present the necessary knowledge upon which an effective interdisciplinary discourse on digital humanism can be founded. Part II “Digital Humanism – a System’s View” focuses on an in-depth presentation and discussion of the main digital humanism concerns arising in current digital systems. The goal of this part is to make readers aware and sensitive to these issues, including e.g. the control and autonomy of AI systems, privacy and security, and the role of governance. Part III “Critical and Societal Issues of Digital Systems” delves into critical societal issues raised by advances of digital technologies. While the public debate in the past has often focused on them separately, especially when they became visible through sensational events the aim here is to shed light on the entire landscape and show their interconnected relationships. This includes issues such as AI and ethics, fairness and bias, privacy and surveillance, platform power and democracy. This textbook is intended for students, teachers, and policy makers interested in digital humanism. It is designed for stand-alone and for complementary courses in computer science, or curricula in science, engineering, humanities and social sciences. Each chapter includes questions for students and an annotated reading list to dive deeper into the associated chapter material. The book aims to provide readers with as wide an exposure as possible to digital advances and their consequences for humanity. It includes constructive ideas and approaches that seek to ensure that our collective digital future is determined through human agency.
    Keywords: ethics in computer science ; responsible technologies ; legal issues and regulation ; data privacy ; digitalization ; digital economy ; digital humanism ; social responsibility ; bic Book Industry Communication::U Computing & information technology::UB Information technology: general issues::UBJ Ethical & social aspects of IT ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HP Philosophy::HPQ Ethics & moral philosophy ; bic Book Industry Communication::U Computing & information technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HP Philosophy::HPS Social & political philosophy
    Language: English
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    Springer Nature | Springer Nature Switzerland
    Publication Date: 2024-01-17
    Description: This open access book provides an overview of the progress in landslide research and technology and is part of a book series of the International Consortium on Landslides (ICL). The book provides a common platform for the publication of recent progress in landslide research and technology for practical applications and the benefit for the society contributing to the Kyoto Landslide Commitment 2020, which is expected to continue up to 2030 and even beyond to globally promote the understanding and reduction of landslide disaster risk, as well as to address the 2030 Agenda Sustainable Development Goals.
    Keywords: Landslide Mechanism and Dynamics ; Hazard Mapping and Risk Zonation ; Monitoring and Early Warning ; Testing, Modeling and Risk Assessment ; Catastrophic Landslides ; Frontiers of Landslide Science and Applications ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning::RN The environment::RNR Natural disasters ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning::RB Earth sciences::RBG Geology & the lithosphere::RBGD Geological surface processes (geomorphology) ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning::RB Earth sciences
    Language: English
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    Springer Nature | Palgrave Macmillan
    Publication Date: 2024-01-16
    Description: This open access book explores the increasing role of psychoactive substances in contemporary everyday life, focussing on women's use. Drawing on an ethnographic study in Sweden, it uses cultural studies and queer phenomenology to analyse the women’s narratives of drug use relating to themes that encompass social, legal, cultural, embodied and gendered perspectives on drugs in the contemporary Western world. It examines topics such as stigma, happiness, children, the body, gifts, the drug market, medication, sickness and health and also the orientation of themselves towards others, to social and cultural norms, to drug laws and to the substances. It discusses how drug related spaces and directions be analysed in terms of gender and class, and how, in turn, the directions of contemporary society and culture can be affected by drug use. It speaks to academics in Sociology, Criminology, Ethnology, Gender studies, Law and History.
    Keywords: drugs and gender ; drug problems ; addiction ; Queer phenomenology ; queer theory ; drugs and culture ; cultural sociology ; substance use ; substance abuse ; illegal substances ; drugs and society ; social work ; social problems ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JK Social services & welfare, criminology::JKV Crime & criminology ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFS Social groups::JFSR Religious groups: social & cultural aspects ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology::JMS The self, ego, identity, personality
    Language: English
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    Springer Nature | Palgrave Macmillan
    Publication Date: 2024-01-16
    Description: This open access book explores knowledge practices by five women from different European contexts. Contributors document, analyze, and discuss how women employed practices of privacy to pursue knowledge that did not necessarily conform with the curriculum prescribed for them. The practices of Jane Lumley in England, Camila Herculiana in Padua, Victorine de Chastenay in Paris, as well as Elisabeth Sophie Marie and Philippine Charlotte in Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, will help us to exemplify the delicate balance between audacity and obedience that women had to employ to be able to explore science, literature, philosophy, theology, and other types of learned activities. Cases range from the sixteenth to the nineteenth century, presenting continuities and discontinuities across temporal and geographical lines of the strategies that women used to protect their knowledge production and retain intact their reputations as good Christian daughters, wives, and mothers. Taken together, the essays show how having access to privacy—the ability to regulate access to themselves while studying and learning—was a crucial condition for the success of the knowledge activities these women pursued. This is an open access book.
    Keywords: early modern Europe ; Camilla Herculiana ; Lady Jane Lumley ; Victorine de Chastenay ; public sphere ; domesticity ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HB History::HBT History: specific events & topics::HBTB Social & cultural history ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HB History ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HB History::HBJ Regional & national history::HBJD European history
    Language: English
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    Springer Nature | Springer International Publishing
    Publication Date: 2024-01-16
    Description: Chilean Patagonia, located at the southwestern tip of South America, is one of the last regions on earth where highly intact environments predominate. With a coastline that extends along some 100,000 km of fjords, channels, and islands, it has one of the world´s most extensive marine-terrestrial interfaces. Local place-based and Indigenous cultures and management practices are a vital presence across the region, while the long and rich history of conservation efforts have resulted in officially protected areas covering over 50% of the land and 41% of the coastal-marine area. However, Chilean Patagonia is increasingly facing anthropogenic pressures associated with increased infrastructure and access, salmon aquaculture, extractive industries, and the spread of invasive exotic species. Despite widespread recognition that Chilean Patagonia represents a unique global reservoir of socio-natural heritage, to date there has been no region-wide assessment of the scientific evidence of the conservation status of its ecosystems or the priorities for their effective conservation. Conservation in Chilean Patagonia: Assessing the state of knowledge, opportunities, and challenges is the first book to gather and synthesize the available scientific and socio-environmental information related to Patagonian conservation. It presents the collaborative work of 68 researchers and local experts, representing a range of specialties and perspectives, including: biology, ecology, socio-ecology, fisheries, aquaculture, anthropology, economics, geography, tourism, cryosphere, oceanography, climate and global change. The book’s 18 chapters focus on the status of key ecosystems and conservation tools, and provide recommendations toward the construction of a renewed, inclusive, and integrated conservation agenda for the Chilean Patagonian region. It provides an essential primer for anyone interested in the future of this ecologically vital region, as well as lessons on interdisciplinary collaboration and integrated analysis of conservation issues useful for conservation practitioners and scholars. This is an open access book. This book is a translation of an original Spanish edition. The translation was done with the help of artificial intelligence (machine translation by the service DeepL.com). A subsequent human revision was done primarily in terms of content, so that the book will read stylistically differently from a conventional translation.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Limnology ; Oceanography ; Biodiversity ; Marine-terrestrial Interface ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning::RN The environment::RNK Conservation of the environment ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAF Ecological science, the Biosphere ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning::RG Geography::RGM Biogeography ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning::RN The environment::RNC Applied ecology::RNCB Biodiversity
    Language: English
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    Springer Nature | Springer Berlin Heidelberg
    Publication Date: 2024-01-16
    Description: Wenn Sie sich für den Stand der Dinge auf dem Gebiet der Gen- und Zelltherapie interessieren, bietet Ihnen diese Open-Access-Publikation einen umfassenden und hochaktuellen Überblick. Wissenschaftler und Experten behandeln Fragen wie: Haben CAR-T-Zellen etwas mit Autos zu tun, wie funktionieren Genfähren, können uns Stammzellen bei Therapien helfen, was sind Organoide und warum dauert es oft so lange, bis neuartige Behandlungskonzepte in die Klinik kommen? Kann man Gene wie Bücher editieren, wie gefährlich ist das eigentlich und wer kontrolliert sowas, muss Gentherapie so teuer sein und ist sichergestellt, dass alle Patienten die Therapie bekommen, die sie benötigen?
    Keywords: Genome Editing ; Keimbahnmodifikation ; Genetisches Enhancement ; Vektoren ; Immuntherapie ; Stammzelltransplantation ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences
    Language: German
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    Springer Nature | Palgrave Macmillan
    Publication Date: 2024-01-16
    Description: This book offers an intermedial approach to truthful communication. Bringing together a wide range of media types and interactions from a transmedial perspective, the volume maps out how truth claims are made in different contexts, and how different media promise to create a truthful perception of the social world. The flexible communicative possibilities of digital technology have a significant impact on our perception of truth and truthfulness of communication. Bot accounts, deep fake videos, or AI technology draw attention to how reliable communication is destabilized and questioned. In this unstable climate, binaries such as true/false, authentic/fake and fiction/facts are difficult to apply. Instead, it is crucial to investigate how media products construct truthfulness in different ways. The volume brings together various media types and contexts such as press conferences, documentaries and mockumentaries, images in magazines and on social media, horror movies, biopics, and educational games and explores how truth claims, authenticity discourses, and knowledge communication are established and how they collide, merge, or are confused. This is an open access book.
    Keywords: intermediality ; multimodality ; truth claims ; truthfulness ; media ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFD Media studies ; bic Book Industry Communication::D Literature & literary studies::DS Literature: history & criticism::DSA Literary theory
    Language: English
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    Springer Nature | Springer Nature Singapore
    Publication Date: 2024-01-16
    Description: This open access book explores the various dimensions of women’s empowerment in public policy in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) region, with a particular focus on Qatar, comparing the country to the other Gulf states. Through its rich compilation of empirical qualitative research, the text unpacks the various ways in which women’s empowerment materializes in the GCC context, providing insights into public policy perspectives in high-income rentier states more broadly. The Arab world has long been part of the global dialogue on women’s economic and political empowerment and the GCC has, over the past decade, situated women’s empowerment amongst their respective national priorities and long-term strategies. In turn, the Gulf has seen gradual implementation of policies aimed at women, specifically, in looking to attract and retain them in the labour market, and in the public sector more broadly. The collection surveys and evaluates the progress made in recent decades, paying close attention to the cultural and policy constraints still limiting women’s empowerment in the Gulf. With a key linkage to SDG5, this book is a timely text addressing the context and drivers behind policies centering on women in the Arab region, in its analysis of the interplay of international women’s empowerment discourse and regional public policy decisions. It is relevant to researchers and policy makers focused on women and gender issues in relation to social, cultural, economic, and political empowerment in the Gulf specifically, but also in the Arab world and beyond. ; This open access book explores the various dimensions of women’s empowerment in public policy in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC), with a particular focus on Qatar, comparing the country to the other Gulf states. Through its rich compilation of empirical qualitative research, the text unpacks the various ways in which women’s empowerment materializes in the GCC context, providing insights into public policy perspectives in high-income rentier states more broadly. The Arab world has long been part of the global dialogue on women’s economic and political empowerment and the GCC has, over the past decade, situated women’s empowerment amongst their respective national priorities and long-term strategies. In turn, the Gulf has seen gradual implementation of policies aimed at women, specifically, in looking to attract and retain them in the labour market, and in the public sector more broadly. The collection surveys and evaluates the progress made in recent decades, paying close attention to the cultural and policy constraints still limiting women’s empowerment in the Gulf. With a key linkage to SDG5, this book is a timely text addressing the context and drivers behind policies centering on women in the Arab region, in its analysis of the interplay of international women’s empowerment discourse and regional public policy decisions. It is relevant to researchers and policy makers focused on women and gender issues in relation to social, cultural, economic, and political empowerment in the Gulf specifically, but also in the Arab world and beyond.
    Keywords: Public Policy and Women Empowerment in the Gulf ; Women and Work in Qatar ; Maqasid Approach to Women Empowerment ; Public Sector and Empowering Women in Qatar ; Public Sector and Empowering Women in the GCC ; Family and Labour Economics ; Gender, Family and Society ; Gender in Law and Policy ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFS Social groups::JFSJ Gender studies, gender groups ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government::JPP Public administration ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JH Sociology & anthropology::JHB Sociology::JHBK Sociology: family & relationships ; bic Book Industry Communication::L Law::LN Laws of Specific jurisdictions::LNH Employment & labour law ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KC Economics::KCF Labour economics
    Language: English
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  • 37
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    Springer Nature | Palgrave Macmillan
    Publication Date: 2024-01-16
    Description: Why are we willing to believe that technology can bring about war… but not peace? PeaceTech: Digital Transformation to End War is the world's first book dealing with the use of technological innovation to support peace and transition processes. Through an interwoven narrative of personal stories that capture the complexity of real-time peace negotiation, Bell maps the fast-paced developments of PeaceTech, and the ethical and practical challenges involved. Bell locates PeaceTech within the wider digital revolution that is also transforming the conduct of war. She lays bare the ‘double disruption’ of peace processes, through digital transformation, and through changing conflict patterns that make processes more difficult to mount. Against this backdrop – can digital peacebuilding be a force for good? Or do the risks outweigh the benefits? PeaceTech provides a 12-Step Manifesto laying out the types of practice and commitment needed for successful use of digital tools to support peace processes. This open access book will be invaluable primer for business tech entrepreneurs, peacebuilders, the tech community, and students of international relations, informatics, comparative politics, ethics and law; and indeed for those simply curious about peace process innovation in the contemporary world.
    Keywords: sustainable development goals ; SDG 16 ; UN global goals ; PeaceTech ; digital peace and conflict studies ; inclusive peace ; peacebuilding ; peacekeeping ; global governance ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government::JPS International relations ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government::JPH Political structure & processes ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government::JPA Political science & theory
    Language: English
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  • 38
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    Springer Nature | Springer Berlin Heidelberg
    Publication Date: 2024-01-16
    Description: This open access book is a compilation of protocols developed through a Coordinated Research Project of the Joint FAO/IAEA Center of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, specifically focused on mutation breeding for resistance to Striga. The book consists of three sections; (i) a general introduction on Striga biology and impact and mutagenesis in cereal crops; (ii) protocol chapters focusing on field, screenhouse and laboratory screening and diagnostic for resistance to Striga asiatica and S. hermonthica in sorghum, upland rice and maize, and; (iii) efficiency enhancing technologies such as rapid crop cycling, doubled haploid production and genomics for mutation discovery and marker development. These chapters were written by well recognized experts in Striga biology and physiology, and cereal breeders. The book is intended to serve as a unique reference and guide for plant breeders and geneticists engaged in breeding for resistance to Striga in cereals.
    Keywords: Striga hermonthica ; Striga asiatica ; mutagenesis in cereals ; rice mutant populations ; Striga infected plants ; protocols ; witchweed ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences::PST Botany & plant sciences::PSTP Plant pathology & diseases ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences::PST Botany & plant sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TV Agriculture & farming::TVB Agricultural science
    Language: English
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  • 39
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    Springer Nature | Palgrave Macmillan
    Publication Date: 2024-01-16
    Description: This open access book brings together contributions from an internationally diverse group of scholars to celebrate Taner Akçam’s role as the first Turkish intellectual to publicly recognize the Armenian Genocide. As a researcher, lecturer, and mentor to a new generation of scholars, Akçam has led the effort to utilize previously unknown, ignored, or under-studied sources, whether in Turkish, Armenian, German, or other languages, thus immeasurably expanding and deepening the scholarly project of documenting and analyzing the Armenian Genocide.
    Keywords: Turkey ; Ottoman Empire ; genocide studies ; genocide denial ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HB History::HBJ Regional & national history::HBJF Asian history ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HB History::HBL History: earliest times to present day ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HB History::HBA History: theory & methods::HBAH Historiography
    Language: English
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  • 40
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    Springer Nature | Palgrave Macmillan
    Publication Date: 2024-01-16
    Description: This open access book provides multidisciplinary perspectives on the potential of agroforestry to mitigate the negative impacts of climate change on cocoa production. Against the backdrop of increasingly precarious farmer livelihoods, it focuses on cocoa-agroforestry in Ghana – the second largest producer of cocoa in the world. Taking the reader on a journey across experimental plots and on-farm studies, the book delivers a holistic understanding of cocoa-agroforestry. Chapters examine historical yield and climate interactions, the effects of heat and drought on cocoa plants and the role of differing shade trees on soil fertility, yields, pests and diseases. The book discusses the socioeconomics of shade tree management, including cost-benefits, tree rights and competition for natural resources emphasizing policy implications and recommendations. Taking a multidisciplinary approach to climate-agriculture interactions, the book provides an innovative understanding of agroforestry and perennial cropping systems that goes beyond the Ghanaian cocoa belt. It is of relevance to students, researchers, farmers, practitioners and policymakers working with agroforestry and climate change adaptation. This is an open access book.
    Keywords: cocoa ; climate change ; multidisciplinary ; mitigation ; adaptation ; resilience ; climate-smart agriculture ; Ghana ; shade trees ; farming systems ; ecophysiology ; land rights ; tree use rights ; smallholder farming ; rural livelihoods ; technical efficiency ; perennial crop ; profitability ; sustainability ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government::JPQ Central government::JPQB Central government policies ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JH Sociology & anthropology::JHB Sociology ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning::RG Geography ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning::RN The environment::RNF Environmental management ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning::RN The environment::RNU Sustainability
    Language: English
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  • 41
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    Springer Nature | Springer International Publishing
    Publication Date: 2024-01-16
    Description: This open access book investigates whether and how theoretical findings and insights in contemporary art conservation can be translated into the daily work practices of conservators or, vice versa, whether and how the problems and dilemmas encountered in conservation practice can inform broader research questions and projects. For several decades now, the conservation of contemporary art has been a dynamic field of research and reflection. Because of contemporary art’s variable constitution, its care and management calls for a fundamental rethinking of the overall research landscape of museums, heritage institutions, private-sector organizations and universities. At first, this research was primarily pursued by conservation professionals working in or with museums and other heritage organizations, but increasingly academic researchers and universities became involved, for instance through collaborative projects. This book is the result of such collaboration. It sets out to bridge the “gap” between theory and practice by investigating conservation practices as a form of reflection and reflection as a form of practice.
    Keywords: Contemporary Art ; Conservation ; Curating ; Practice theory ; Museums ; Ethics ; management ; European cultural heritage ; professional expertise ; heritage institutions ; conservators ; bic Book Industry Communication::L Law::LB International law ; bic Book Industry Communication::L Law::LA Jurisprudence & general issues::LAB Jurisprudence & philosophy of law ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFC Cultural studies ; bic Book Industry Communication::L Law::LB International law::LBB Public international law ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HD Archaeology
    Language: English
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  • 42
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    Springer Nature | Palgrave Macmillan
    Publication Date: 2024-01-16
    Description: This open access book brings together 16 specially commissioned chapters drawn from a range of different professional-practitioner and academic global perspectives on the importance of the relationship between people and green and blue spaces. It focuses on issues surrounding the importance of natural environments on public health and wellbeing, and the environmental, cultural, and social importance of green and blue spaces that can result through responsible and sustainable adaptive management processes. It explores how the Covid-19 pandemic forced reconsiderations of our relationship with these natural spaces and highlights the important impact of the pace of climate change. While not pretending to have the answers, the stimulating and imaginative contributions embrace rich perspectives drawn from backgrounds as diverse as heritage studies, tourism, conservation, geography, policy formulation, public health, environmental health, research methods, history, literature, art, and theology.
    Keywords: protected areas ; environmental management ; environmental policy ; conservation ; national parks ; adaptive management ; heritage landscapes ; natural environments ; Global Biodiversity Framework ; green and blue spaces ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government::JPQ Central government::JPQB Central government policies ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JH Sociology & anthropology::JHB Sociology ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning::RG Geography ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning::RG Geography::RGB Physical geography & topography ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning::RN The environment::RNK Conservation of the environment
    Language: English
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  • 43
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    Springer Nature | Palgrave Macmillan
    Publication Date: 2024-01-16
    Description: This open access book draws together key research from the UK Climate Resilience programme. It focuses on topics central to the programme’s research agenda, including improved characterisation and quantification of climate risks, enhanced understanding of the management of climate risks, and the development and delivery of climate services. Key chapters address the challenges inherent to undertaking resilience research, including how to make the term ‘climate resilience’ usable and useful, co-producing research between academics, policy makers and practitioners, and engaging and communicating outside of academia. This book is unique in providing a concise and accessible overview of the programme’s key lessons, placing the findings into a wider context and it will inform future research, policy and practice agendas.
    Keywords: Climate risk ; climate adaptation ; risk ; resilience ; climate services ; climate resilience ; climate change ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government::JPQ Central government::JPQB Central government policies ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JH Sociology & anthropology::JHB Sociology ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning::RG Geography::RGC Human geography ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning::RG Geography ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning::RB Earth sciences::RBP Meteorology & climatology
    Language: English
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  • 44
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    Springer Nature | Palgrave Macmillan
    Publication Date: 2024-01-16
    Description: Religion as a form of cultural expression constitutes a critical element in the relationship between Germany and India. The discovery of Indian traditions in Germany and re-interpretations of those traditions in India fueled not only new theological and philosophical explorations, but also extensive innovations in the fields of music, dance, bodily experience, and political intervention. Seeking to uncover the enfolding of colonial thought structures through presentations of the Self, while placing them in the context of global colonial value chains that connected the peripheries with the centre, this interdisciplinary volume addresses India through the lens of an entangled relationship. Adopting the position that the acceleration of communication, technical development, and colonisation locally triggered re-interpretations of the religious sphere, This volume takes a look at the period from 1800 to the end of National Socialism, tracing the strands of an Indo-Germanic religion in the making as it goes along. A special emphasis is placed on the artistic expressions of religious experience including re-enactments of musical compositions and dance configurations, which were created to embody India in Germany. This is an open access book.
    Keywords: Kaiserreich ; Ahmadiyya Islam ; coloniality ; völkisch ; Madame Menaka ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HB History::HBJ Regional & national history::HBJD European history ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HB History::HBJ Regional & national history::HBJF Asian history ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HR Religion & beliefs::HRA Religion: general::HRAC Comparative religion ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HB History::HBT History: specific events & topics::HBTB Social & cultural history
    Language: English
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  • 45
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    Springer Nature | Springer Nature Singapore
    Publication Date: 2024-01-16
    Description: This open access book provides a comprehensive overview of education in China, covering 12 critical topics including basic education, higher education, professional education, STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) education, mental health education, and international education and excellence initiatives. Drawing from current research, theoretical literature, and real-life stories, this book examines the developmental trajectories, achievements, and best practices in the above-mentioned topics, to reflect realities of education transformation in China. It also incorporates a global comparison of key indicators to explore strengths of and gaps in Chinese education with its global counterparts. Setting its context in an ever-changing world, this book intends to explore conceptual support to develop “a modern education system with Chinese features and world standards”, to provide implications for further developing quality education in all sectors, and to promote understanding and inspire critical discussion on education development in China and around the world. This book serves as a valuable resource for students, scholars, and policy makers in the field of education studies, as well as for the general public who are interested in Chinese education.
    Keywords: Chinese Education System and Structure ; Chinese Basic Education ; Chinese Higher Education ; STEAM Education in China ; Professional Education in China ; Student Mental Health in China ; Excellence Indicators ; Global comparison of Education Systems ; Global Comparison of Students' Mental Health ; Global Comparison of International Education ; Global Comparison of Excellence Initiatives ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education::JNF Educational strategies & policy
    Language: English
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  • 46
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    Springer Nature | Springer Nature Switzerland
    Publication Date: 2024-01-17
    Description: This open access book gathers the contributions from the Design! OPEN International Conference, held in Parma, Italy in May 2022. The conference explored the multidisciplinary aspects of design starting from its dimensions: objects (design as focused on the object, on its functional and symbolic dimension, and at the same time on the object as a tool for representing cultures), processes (the designer’s self-reflective moment which is focused on the analysis and on the definition of processes in various contexts, spanning innovation, social engagement, reflection on emergencies or forecasting), experiences (design as a theoretical and practical strategy aimed at facilitating experiential interactions among people, people and objects or environments), and narratives (making history, representing through different media, archiving, narrating, and exhibiting design). The contributions, which were selected by means of a rigorous international peer-review process, highlight numerous exciting ideas that will spur novel research directions and foster multidisciplinary collaboration among different specialists.
    Keywords: Design Processes ; Cultural Heritage ; Interaction Design ; Communication Strategies ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KJ Business & management ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFC Cultural studies ; bic Book Industry Communication::A The arts::AF Art forms
    Language: English
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  • 47
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    Springer Nature | Palgrave Macmillan
    Publication Date: 2024-01-16
    Description: This open access book explores an approach that connects individual and societal processes throughout history and shifting trends in sociological perspectives, influenced by C. Wright Mills’ theories of time and temporality. It traces its origins from American pragmatist thought and Chicago qualitative sociology in the early 20th century to the revival of biographical research in European and American sociology during the 1970s. The book shows empirical studies from this vibrant research approach can bridge methodological gaps between qualitative and quantitative biographical studies, applicable to various topics like class, gender, ethnicity, and intergenerational dimensions.
    Keywords: Life course ; Biography ; Mixed-methods ; Case studies ; Temporality ; History-biography dynamic ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning::RG Geography::RGC Human geography ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JH Sociology & anthropology::JHB Sociology::JHBK Sociology: family & relationships ; bic Book Industry Communication::C Language::CF linguistics::CFG Semantics, discourse analysis, etc
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  • 48
    Publication Date: 2024-01-16
    Description: This open access book is dedicated to exploring methods and charting the course for enhancing engineering education in and beyond 2023. It delves into the idea that education, coupled with social connections, is indispensable for a more profound comprehension of the world and the creation of an improved quality of life. The book serves as a conduit for incorporating complex problem-solving into engineering education across various formats. It offers a structured approach for tackling complex issues, comparing an array of techniques for managing complexity within the realm of engineering education. Moreover, the book scrutinizes several complex case studies derived from the United Nation's Sustainable Development Goals. Additionally, it explores intricate problem-solving and curriculum change case studies specific to engineering education from Harvard University, the University of Technology Sydney, and Aalborg University.
    Keywords: System Thinking in Education ; Engineering Education ; Complexity in Engineering Education ; Complex Problem Solving in Engineering Education ; Problem Solving in Education ; Design Engineering in Education ; Mega Projects in Engineering Education ; Human Challenges in Education ; Sustainable Development Goals and Education ; Engineering Education Curricula ; Social Challenges and Engineering ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education::JNM Higher & further education, tertiary education ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education::JNK Organization & management of education::JNKC Curriculum planning & development
    Language: English
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  • 49
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    Springer Nature | Palgrave Macmillan
    Publication Date: 2024-01-16
    Description: This open access book takes the biographical case of German feminist Käthe Schirmacher (1865–1930), a multilingual translator, widely travelled writer of fiction and non-fiction, and a disputatious activist to examine the travel and translation of ideas between the women’s movements that emerged in many countries in the late 19th and early 20th century. It discusses practices such as translating, interpreting, and excerpting from journals and books that spawned and supported transnational civic spaces and develops a theoretical framework to analyse these practices. It examines translations of literary, scholarly and political texts and their contexts. The book will be of interest to academics as well as undergraduate and postgraduate students in the fields of modern history, women’s and gender history, cultural studies, transnational and transfer history, translation studies, history and theory of biography.
    Keywords: Travel ; Gender ; Käthe Schirmacher ; European history ; political history ; biography ; early 20th century ; late 19th century ; mobility ; equal rights ; women's emancipation ; bic Book Industry Communication::C Language::CB Language: reference & general ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GT Interdisciplinary studies::GTC Communication studies ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JH Sociology & anthropology::JHB Sociology ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFC Cultural studies ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HP Philosophy::HPS Social & political philosophy ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HB History
    Language: English
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  • 50
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    Springer Nature | Springer International Publishing
    Publication Date: 2024-01-16
    Description: This open access book includes detail on various structures, buildings, and building materials from different structural and sustainability perspectives. It describes how the building industry is vital for the achievement of the sustainable development goals, namely, economic growth, social progress, and the effective protection of the environment. The aim of this collection is to foster the design and construction of sustainable structures and buildings to reduce the environmental load, connect with the environment, and benefit the health of occupants. Presenting the knowledge, trends, and developments from a group of contributors in the field working with different kinds of structures, structural components, buildings, and building materials, the book is ideal for practitioners working in commercial settings, as well as engineering students and researchers concerned with sustainability issues.
    Keywords: Sustainable structures ; structural engineering ; energy efficiency ; sustanable cities ; sustainable materials ; bic Book Industry Communication::A The arts::AM Architecture::AMC Architectural structure & design::AMCR Environmentally-friendly architecture & design ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TN Civil engineering, surveying & building::TNK Building construction & materials ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TG Mechanical engineering & materials::TGM Materials science ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning::RN The environment::RNU Sustainability
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  • 51
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    Springer Nature | Springer International Publishing
    Publication Date: 2024-01-16
    Description: This open access book is written by world-renowned experts on radiomolecular precision oncology to celebrate the work, life, principles and ideology of Richard P Baum. It includes commentaries, reviews and some thought provoking novel ideas on radionuclide precision oncology, covering topics such as various aspects of theranostics and molecular radiotherapy like radiolabeled peptides, radiolabeled antibodies, dosimetry, and quality control as well as the diagnosis and treatment of specific tumor types. Featuring contributions by biologists, physicists, chemists, mathematicians, geneticists, and physicians from a range of specialties, this Festschrift is highly interdisciplinary and will be a valuable resource for future precision oncologists. ;
    Keywords: Precision Oncology ; Theranostics ; Radiomolecular Precision Oncology ; Molecular Radiotherapy ; Radionuclide Precision Oncology ; Dosimetry ; Radiolabelled Peptides ; Radiolabelled Antibodies ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MM Other branches of medicine::MMN Nuclear medicine ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics::PHV Applied physics::PHVD Medical physics ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MJ Clinical & internal medicine
    Language: English
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  • 52
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    Springer Nature | Springer International Publishing
    Publication Date: 2024-01-16
    Description: This seminal compendium, available through open access, illuminates the forefront of digital collaboration in production. It introduces the visionary concept of the Internet of Production (IoP), an ambitious initiative by Germany's esteemed Cluster of Excellence at RWTH Aachen University. This handbook pioneers the integration of data, models, and knowledge across development, production, and user cycles, offering interdisciplinary insights into production technology's horizons with the overall objective to create a worldwide lab. The work is organized into seven key parts, each contributing to a comprehensive understanding of the IoP. Part I lays the foundation with interdisciplinary visions and concepts. Part II delves into IoP's infrastructure, encompassing digital shadows and actionable artificial intelligence. Part III examines materials within the digitalized production landscape. Part IV confronts the challenges and potentials of production processes under novel digitalization methods. Part V focuses on production management with data-driven decision support, while Part VI explores agile development processes. Finally, Part VII delves into the interplay between internal and external perspectives in the IoP, human-centered work design, and platform-based ecosystems. Supported by the German Research Foundation (DFG), this compendium redefines manufacturing through the transformative IoP lens. Embrace this scholarly endeavor to embrace technological advancement. This is an open access book.
    Keywords: Internet of Production ; Industrial Internet of Things ; Advanced Manufacturing ; Production ; Digital Shadow ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TG Mechanical engineering & materials::TGP Production engineering ; bic Book Industry Communication::U Computing & information technology::UM Computer programming / software development::UMB Algorithms & data structures ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TG Mechanical engineering & materials::TGM Materials science ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KJ Business & management::KJM Management & management techniques::KJMV Management of specific areas::KJMV5 Production & quality control management ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KJ Business & management::KJM Management & management techniques::KJMV Management of specific areas ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KJ Business & management::KJM Management & management techniques::KJMV Management of specific areas::KJMV8 Purchasing & supply management
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  • 53
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    Springer Nature | Springer International Publishing
    Publication Date: 2024-01-16
    Description: This open access book offers a comprehensive exploration of the digital innovations that have emerged in recent years for the circular built environment. Each chapter is meticulously crafted to ensure that both academic readers and industry practitioners can grasp the inner workings of each digital technology, understand its relevance to the circular built environment, examine real-life implementations, and appreciate the intriguing business models behind them. Our primary objective is to blend scholarly knowledge with practical inspiration by providing real-life case studies for each innovation. The authors, who possess extensive expertise in their respective fields, have contributed chapters dedicated to digital technologies within their areas of specialization. The book is organized into three distinct parts. The first part focuses on data-driven digital technologies and delves into how their capabilities can facilitate the transition to a circular built environment. Essential aspects such as building information modeling (BIM), digital twins, geographical information systems (GIS), scanning technologies, artificial intelligence (AI), data templates, and material passports are explored as vital tools for data collection, integration, and analysis in the context of circular construction. In the second part, various digital technologies for design and fabrication are introduced. Topics covered include computational design algorithms, additive and subtractive manufacturing, robotic manufacturing, and extended reality. These discussions shed light on how these technologies can be leveraged to enhance design and fabrication processes within the circular built environment. Finally, the last part of the book presents emerging digital concepts related to business and governance. It explores the role of deconstruction and reverse logistics, blockchain technology, digital building logbooks, and innovative business models as enablers of circularity in the built environment. The book concludes with a chapter dedicated to digital transformation and its potential to propel the built environment towards a regenerative future. In addition to the substantive content, the book features forewords and perspectives from esteemed experts, providing valuable economic and creative insights to complement its comprehensive approach.
    Keywords: Digital innovations in the construction sector ; Applications in the construction sector ; Circular economy in the built environment ; Digital construction ; Addititive manufacturing ; Robotic manufacturing and artificial intelligence ; Big data and analytics ; Blockchain ; Circular business models ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TN Civil engineering, surveying & building::TNK Building construction & materials ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TQ Environmental science, engineering & technology::TQD Environmental monitoring ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning::RN The environment::RNU Sustainability ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PB Mathematics::PBT Probability & statistics ; bic Book Industry Communication::U Computing & information technology::UF Business applications::UFM Mathematical & statistical software
    Language: English
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  • 54
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    Springer Nature | Springer VS
    Publication Date: 2024-01-16
    Description: Jakob Graf wirft in diesem Open-Access-Buch die Frage auf, wie sozialökologische Konflikte am Rande der Weltwirtschaft soziologisch verstanden werden können. Dabei zeigt er, dass gerade in durch Rohstoffausbeutung gekennzeichneten Ländern des Globalen Südens große Teile der Erwerbstätigen nicht mittels Lohnarbeit in den globalen Kapitalismus integriert werden. Aus Sicht der kapitalistischen Weltwirtschaft sind große Teile der weltweiten Armen vielmehr „überflüssig“. Der Autor zeigt, dass diese Menschen allerdings nicht einfach „arbeitslos“, sondern vielfach wirtschaftlich aktiv sind; sie tragen in entscheidendem Maße zum Überleben der Menschen in ärmeren Ländern bei. Wie aus dem Widerspruch zwischen diesen lokalen „bedarfsökonomischen“ Aktivitäten und der kapitalistischen Wirtschaft sozialökologische Konflikte entstehen, verdeutlicht Graf am Beispiel der indigenen Mapuche im Süden Chiles. Diese setzen sich gegen die Expansion der industriellen Forstwirtschaft zur Wehr, die für die Weltmärkte in riesigen Forstplantagen Zellstoff produziert. Als historisch "Enteignete" kämpfen die Mapuche für die Wiederaneignung ihres Landes und ihrer Ressourcen. Graf analysiert die Funktionsweise derartiger Konflikte, er fragt, wie sich die soziale Gruppe der „Überflüssigen“ soziologisch verstehen lässt.
    Keywords: Lateinamerika ; soziale Konflikte ; Chile ; Kapitalismus ; Kolonialismus ; Globaler Süden ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KC Economics::KCP Political economy
    Language: German
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    Springer Nature | Palgrave Macmillan
    Publication Date: 2024-01-16
    Description: This open access handbook examines the phenomenon of South-South migration and its relationship to inequality in the Global South, where at least a third of all international migration takes place. Drawing on contributions from nearly 70 leading migration scholars, mainly from the Global South, the handbook challenges dominant conceptualisations of migration, offering new perspectives and insights that can inform theoretical and policy understandings and unlock migration’s development potential. The handbook is divided into four parts, each highlighting often overlooked mobility patterns within and between regions of the Global South, as well as the inequalities faced by those who move. Key cross-cutting themes include gender, race, poverty and income inequality, migration decision making, intermediaries, remittances, technology, climate change, food security and migration governance. The handbook is an indispensable resource on South-South migration and inequality for academics, researchers, postgraduates and development practitioners.
    Keywords: Global South ; colonisation ; decolonisation ; forced migration ; food insecurity ; climate change ; gender inequality ; transnational borders ; asylum ; refugees ; diaspora ; colonialism ; displacement ; discrimination ; intersectional inequalities ; Indigenous Peoples ; postcolonialism ; racism ; Sustainable Development Goals ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFF Social issues & processes::JFFN Migration, immigration & emigration ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JH Sociology & anthropology::JHB Sociology::JHBD Population & demography ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning::RG Geography::RGC Human geography ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government::JPA Political science & theory ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences
    Language: English
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    Springer Nature | Springer Nature Switzerland
    Publication Date: 2024-01-16
    Description: In an era of rapid change and increasing societal demands, the role of universities as knowledge producers and catalysts for change has come under scrutiny. This open access book offers a fresh perspective on the significance of universities in society, shedding light on how their knowledge can truly matter beyond academia. Drawing upon insightful inquiries from both the Swedish and international contexts, this volume delves into the multifaceted interactions between universities and various knowledge users, emphasizing the need for scholars to reflect on how their knowledge can become useful and applicable to wider society. Organized into three compelling themes, collaboration, engagement, and impact, this book explores the concept of "mattering". Together and jointly, they point at the fluid movement of scholars and scholarly knowledge across academic, political, and public spaces, and the intentional actions of scientists to leverage their expertise for real-world impact. Essential reading for social science and humanities scholars, university management professionals, and individuals keen on a critical understanding of the evolving role of universities, this volume offers a comprehensive examination of how universities have mattered, continue to matter, and can shape the future.
    Keywords: Knowledge and Innovation ; Knowledge transfer ; Universities in society ; Knowledge production ; Innovation and Technology Management ; University governance ; Science–policy interaction ; Role of universities in society ; Research collaboration ; Inequality in academia ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KJ Business & management ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KJ Business & management::KJM Management & management techniques::KJMV Management of specific areas::KJMV3 Knowledge management ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education::JNM Higher & further education, tertiary education ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KC Economics ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education::JNF Educational strategies & policy
    Language: English
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    Publication Date: 2024-01-16
    Description: This is an open access book. Time is an exceptional dimension with high relevance in medicine, engineering, business, science, biography, history, planning, or project management. Understanding time-oriented data via visual representations enables us to learn from the past in order to predict, plan, and build the future. This second edition builds upon the great success of the first edition. It maintains a brief introduction to visualization and a review of historical time-oriented visual representations. At its core, the book develops a systematic view of the visualization of time-oriented data. Separate chapters discuss interaction techniques and computational methods for supporting the visual data analysis. Many examples and figures illustrate the introduced concepts and techniques. So, what is new for the second edition? First of all, the second edition is now published as an open-access book so that anyone interested in the visualization of time and time-oriented data can read it. Second, the entire content has been revised and expanded to represent state-of-the-art knowledge. The chapter on interaction support now includes advanced methods for interacting with visual representations of time-oriented data. The second edition also covers the topics of data quality as well as segmentation and labeling. The comprehensive survey of classic and contemporary visualization techniques now provides more than 150 self-contained descriptions accompanied by illustrations and corresponding references. A completely new chapter describes how the structured survey can be used for the guided selection of suitable visualization techniques. For the second edition, our TimeViz Browser, the digital pendant to the survey of visualization techniques, received a major upgrade. It includes the same set of techniques as the book, but comes with additional filter and search facilities allowing scientists and practitioners to find exactly the solutions they are interested in. ; Time is an exceptional data dimension due to its importance and unique influence. This implies that special methods are needed for dealing with time in data sets in order to take advantage of these specifics. Visual methods are a key part of this tool set allowing for presentation, analysis, and exploration of temporal data sets. Visualisation of Time-Oriented Data provides an overview of the field of visualisation techniques for time-oriented data, but even more importantly analyses the specifics and similarities of the investigated techniques in order to identify clusters for structuring and making the field manageable. It also analyses the techniqes uniformly along different sets of attributes making it easy to grasp their main characteristics and support researchers as well as developers in selecting appropriate techniques for their demands. The theoretic foundations of visualization itself are also discussed, the data dimension time, tasks related to time-oriented data, possible mappings of time, various examples of early (pre-computer age) representation techniques, and a conceptual framework for visually analyzing time-oriented data.
    Keywords: Computer-Generated Visual Representations ; Time-Oriented Data ; Human-computer Interaction ; Visualization ; Visual analytics ; bic Book Industry Communication::U Computing & information technology::UY Computer science::UYZ Human-computer interaction::UYZG User interface design & usability ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PB Mathematics::PBV Combinatorics & graph theory
    Language: English
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    Springer Nature | Springer Nature Switzerland
    Publication Date: 2024-01-16
    Description: This open access book is an update of genome editing techniques applied to a range of plants. We discuss the latest techniques and applications to cereals, roots and tubers, oilseed crops, fruit and forest trees, vegetables, legumes and algae including resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses, improved quality, drug production, yield and adaptation to climate change. The regulations in different countries worldwide, the patentibility and the perception by society of the applications of new genomic techniques are examined. This book is written by a multidisciplinary and multisectoral collective of high-profile scientists and other experts belonging to the COST Action network PlantEd, which is mainly European but with contributions from American, Australian, Canadian, Chinese, Indian, Iranian, Pakistani and Peruvian scientists. The book is aimed at a wide audience consisting of students, academics, private and public breeders, other actors in the food and bioeconomy value chains and policy and law makers. This is an open access book.
    Keywords: stress resistance ; yield ; gene editing ; plant ; new genomic techniques ; quality ; perception by society ; climate change ; regulation ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences::PST Botany & plant sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TV Agriculture & farming::TVB Agricultural science
    Language: English
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    Springer Nature | Springer Gabler
    Publication Date: 2024-01-16
    Description: ​Die Zukunftsfähigkeit eines Unternehmens, also das langfristige Überleben bei adäquatem Erfolg, erfordert finanzielle Nachhaltigkeit (finanzielle Stärke), eine robuste Strategie und resiliente Leistungserstellung sowie Fähigkeiten im Umgang mit Chancen und Gefahren (Unsicherheit). Das im Buch erläuterte QScore-Konzept zeigt, ausgehend von einer Vielzahl wissenschaftlicher Studien, wie man die Zukunftsfähigkeit eines Unternehmens konkret beurteilen und Verbesserungspotenziale ableiten kann. Das Essential erläutert, wie Sie in einem einfachen „Schnelltest“ ausgehend von 20 Fragen die Zukunftsfähigkeit eines Unternehmens abschätzen können. Dies ist ein Open-Access-Buch.
    Keywords: Zukunftsfähigkeit ; Robustheit ; Resilienz ; Unternehmensstrategie ; Risikomanagement ; Familienunternehmen ; QScore ; Nachhaltigkeit ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KN Industry & industrial studies::KNS Service industries::KNST Financial services industry
    Language: German
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    Springer Nature | Palgrave Macmillan
    Publication Date: 2024-01-16
    Description: This open access book is a rare example of the ethnographic study of investigative journalism. This book explores entrepreneurial attempts to combine traditional investigative journalism with alternative ways of organising this work. It transcends watershed investigative projects in favour of the ways in which new actors (citizens, technologists, bloggers and local reporters, among others) join experienced investigative journalists in experiments with the practices of watchdog journalism in the digital era. Cases include Bristol Cable, Bureau Local and the Korea Center for Investigative Journalism, as well as Forbidden Stories. The book also includes two chapters on the impact of COVID-19 upon the development of cross-disciplinary work in a traditional newsroom and in the larger media ecosystems of both Norway and China. This is a timely book for journalism students, scholars and investigative reporters, who share a passion for this form of journalism.
    Keywords: Investigative journalism ; digital technology ; cross border collaboration ; Wikileaks ; BuzzFeed ; Bureau Local ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFD Media studies ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KN Industry & industrial studies::KNT Media, information & communication industries::KNTJ Press & journalism
    Language: English
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    Springer Nature | Springer International Publishing
    Publication Date: 2024-01-16
    Description: This open access book focuses on how scientific methodologies can help industrial managers, entrepreneurs and policymakers handle the 17 Sustainable Development Goals in an efficient and realistic way. It also offers an operative scheme for scientists to overcome their discipline barriers. Is interdisciplinarity an intrinsic research value or is it merely instrumental for handling the increasing flux of open problems that sustainability poses to science?Can these problems of sustainability be solved with what the authors already know? Is it just a matter of having the right people at the table and giving them sufficient resources, or is it something more? Is meeting the needs of the present without compromising those of future generations a scientific definition of sustainable development? Questions similar to those posed in the sixties regarding complexity must be asked about sustainability today. In addition, the new data science includes powerful tools for making novel quantitative predictions about future sustainability indicators, an open problem that the book discusses. This book is primarily addressed to Ph.D. students, postdocs and senior researchers in the Life and Hard Science (LHS) and Social Sciences and Humanities (SSH) disciplines, as well as professionals of the primary, secondary and tertiary industrial sectors.
    Keywords: Sustainable Development Goals ; Data science in Sustainability ; SDG Targets ; Data Science in Sustainable Development Goals ; Complex Network ; Food Security ; Climate Changes ; Environmental Changes ; Human Ecology ; Sustainable Economy ; Space Science ; Platform For a Science-industry Dialogue ; Industrial Processes ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics::PHS Statistical physics ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning::RN The environment::RNU Sustainability ; bic Book Industry Communication::U Computing & information technology::UM Computer programming / software development::UMB Algorithms & data structures ; bic Book Industry Communication::U Computing & information technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAF Ecological science, the Biosphere ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TD Industrial chemistry & manufacturing technologies::TDC Industrial chemistry::TDCT Food & beverage technology
    Language: English
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    Springer Nature | Springer Vieweg
    Publication Date: 2024-01-16
    Description: Dieses Open Buch schlägt eine Brücke zwischen Theorie und Praxis für das produzierende Gewerbe im Zeitalter der Digitalisierung, der Industrie 4.0 und der Künstlichen Intelligenz. Es ist das Resultat eines vierjährigen Forschungsprojekts, das unter der Leitung des Instituts für Produktionssysteme der Technischen Universität Dortmund und der RapidMiner GmbH in Zusammenarbeit mit zwölf weiteren Partnern durchgeführt wurde. Das Hauptziel des Projekts war die Entwicklung einer Datenanalyse-Plattform zur Förderung einer effektiven und kompetenzorientierten Zusammenarbeit in dynamischen Wertschöpfungsnetzwerken. Die zwanzig Beiträge in diesem Sammelband liefern umfassende Einblicke in die Forschungsergebnisse und schildern die gemeinsamen Erfahrungen der Partner aus produzierenden Unternehmen, Software- und Hardware-Anbietern sowie Forschungseinrichtungen. Im Fokus steht die Entwicklung von Lösungen, die in einem modularen Referenzbaukasten zusammengefasst sind. Dieser Baukasten unterstützt industrielle Datenanalysen und deren Integration in betriebliche Abläufe. Er fördert darüber hinaus eine kompetenzorientierte Zusammenarbeit und ermöglicht somit die Initiierung neuer Geschäftsmodelle und Kollaborationen. Das Buch richtet sich an Praktiker:innen aus der Industrie ebenso wie an Wissenschaftler:innen. Es liefert Impulse und bietet Hilfestellungen, um den Herausforderungen der digitalen Transformation zu begegnen und die Zukunft der industriellen Datenanalyse erfolgreich zu gestalten.
    Keywords: Abschlussberich ; Kollaboration ; Kompetenzentwicklung ; Datenvernetzung ; Analysemodule ; Industrielle Datenanalyse ; Wertschöpfungsnetzwerke ; bic Book Industry Communication::U Computing & information technology::UM Computer programming / software development::UMB Algorithms & data structures ; bic Book Industry Communication::U Computing & information technology::UT Computer networking & communications
    Language: German
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    Publication Date: 2024-01-16
    Description: Der vorliegende Open-Access-Band gibt einen umfassenden Einblick in aktuelle europäische und nationale Anforderungen zur Kreislaufwirtschaft im Bau- und Immobilienwesen. Es beleuchtet die Entwicklungen der Gebäudezertifizierungen sowie die aktuellen Möglichkeiten digitaler Gebäudepässe. Zudem wird erörtert, wie Building Information Modelling BIM verwendet werden kann, um Bauwerksdaten schnell und strukturiert zur Verfügung zu stellen und langgfrisitig entlang der Wertschöpfungskette zu dokumentieren. In einem verlinkten online-Artikel findet sich ergänzend die Beschreibung eines Demoprojektes und eine ausführliche Kriterienliste zum kreislauffähigen Planen und Bauen.
    Keywords: Kreislauffähiges Bauen ; Digitalisierung ; Building Information Modelling ; Kreislaufwirtschaft ; Prinzipien der Kreislauffähigkeit ; Gebäudezertifizierungssysteme ; Gebäudepass ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning::RN The environment ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TQ Environmental science, engineering & technology
    Language: German
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    Springer Nature | Springer VS
    Publication Date: 2024-01-16
    Description: In diesem Open-Access-Buch werden anhand von ethnographischen Fallbeobachtungen mit 16 Ritualleiter*innen folgende Fragen beantwortet: Wie positionieren sich Leitende von Todesritualen, die ausserhalb einer religiösen Gemeinschaft in der Deutschschweiz stattfinden? Welches Selbstbild vertreten die Ritualleiter*innen? Welche Aufgaben verbinden sie mit ihrer Tätigkeit? Wem sprechen sie Handlungs- und Wirkmächtigkeit (Agency) zu? Welche Themen und Konzepte sind für ihr Handeln und Erleben zentral? An welche kollektiven Sinngehalte (Deutungsmuster) schließen sie dabei an? Methodisch verortet sich die Arbeit in der Rekonstruktiven Sozialforschung. Dabei orientiert sie sich an Narrationsanalyse, Grounded Theory und Qualitativer Agencyforschung. Theoretisch knüpft die Studie an Konzepte von 'Ritualisierungen' und 'Agency' an, um auf empirischer Grundlage das Konzept der 'Ritualisierenden Agency' zu entwickeln: Durch die gewählten Formen der Ritualisierung im Umgang mit der Bestattung und der Begleitung der Angehörigen erlangen die Akteur*innen eigenständige Handlungsmächtigkeit und Verantwortlichkeit. Die Analysen zeigen, wie die Akteur*innen selbst ihre Handlungsspielräume und ihre eigene Teilhabe in den Interviews und in den Bestattungsritualen zum Ausdruck bringen.
    Keywords: Religionssoziologie ; Konfessionslose Rituale ; Rekonstruktive Sozialforschung ; Positionierung ; Ritualtheorie ; Todesrituale ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HR Religion & beliefs
    Language: German
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    Springer Nature | Springer VS
    Publication Date: 2024-01-16
    Description: Das Buch fasst die Forschung zum unterstützten Wohnen und zur Teilhabe von Menschen mit intellektueller Beeinträchtigung zusammen und weist Richtungen für die inhaltliche und methodische Weiterentwicklung. Im ersten Teil wird die Forschung zum Wohnen mit Unterstützung in der Teilhabeforschung verortet und ein Überblick über die Entwicklung und den Stand der deutschsprachigen und internationalen Wohnforschung gegeben. Der zweite Teil setzt mit der partizipativen Forschung und der Zusammenstellung internationaler standardisierter Erhebungsinstrumente forschungsmethodische Impulse. Im dritten Teil werden innovative Themenfelder (Sozialraum, Organisationskultur, technisch unterstützte Teilhabe, Menschen mit komplexem Unterstützungsbedarf) mit ihren Erkenntnissen und Herausforderungen vorgestellt. Dies ist ein Open-Access-Buch.
    Keywords: Disability Studies ; Teilhabeforschung ; Geistige Behinderung ; Inklusion ; Unterstütze Wohnformen ; Intellektuelle Beeinträchtigungen ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JH Sociology & anthropology::JHB Sociology ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JK Social services & welfare, criminology::JKS Social welfare & social services::JKSN Social work
    Language: German
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    Springer Nature | Palgrave Macmillan
    Publication Date: 2024-01-16
    Description: This book deconstructs androcentric approaches to spacetimeinherited from western modernity through its theoretical frame of the chronotropics. It sheds light on the literary acts of archival disruption, radical remapping, and epistemic marronnage by twenty-first-century Caribbean women writers to restore a connection to spacetime, expanding it within and beyond the region. Arguing that the chronotropics points to a vocation for social justice and collective healing, this pan-Caribbean volume returns to autochthonous ontologies and epistemologies to propose a poetics and politics of the chronotropics that is anticolonial, gender inclusive, pluralistic, and non-anthropocentric. This is an open access book.
    Keywords: Literature, Gender and Sexuality ; Literature and Postcolonial Studies ; Literature and the Environment ; Capitalism ; Eurocentric ; Legacy of slavery ; Economic order ; Temporality ; Mikhail Bakhtin ; Anti-colonial ; Violence ; Diaspora ; bic Book Industry Communication::D Literature & literary studies::DS Literature: history & criticism::DSB Literary studies: general::DSBH Literary studies: from c 1900 -::DSBH5 Literary studies: post-colonial literature ; bic Book Industry Communication::D Literature & literary studies::DS Literature: history & criticism ; bic Book Industry Communication::D Literature & literary studies::DS Literature: history & criticism::DSA Literary theory
    Language: English
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    Springer Nature | Palgrave Macmillan
    Publication Date: 2024-01-16
    Description: This open access book demonstrates that despite different epistemological starting points, history and speculative fiction perform similar work in “making the strange familiar” and “making the familiar strange” by taking their readers on journeys through space and time. Excellent history, like excellent speculative fiction, should cause readers to reconsider crucial aspects of their society that they normally overlook or lead them to reflect on radically different forms of social organization. Drawing on Gunlög Fur’s postcolonial concept of concurrences, and with contributions that explore diverse examples of speculative fiction and historical encounters using a variety of disciplinary approaches, this volume provides new perspectives on colonialism, ecological destruction, the nature of humanity, and how to envision a better future.
    Keywords: Science Fiction ; speculative fiction ; historical fiction ; postcolonialism ; Literature and Postcolonial Studies ; alternative realities ; bic Book Industry Communication::D Literature & literary studies::DS Literature: history & criticism ; bic Book Industry Communication::D Literature & literary studies ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HB History::HBL History: earliest times to present day
    Language: English
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    Springer Nature | Springer Nature Singapore
    Publication Date: 2024-01-17
    Description: This open access book is a compilation of selected papers from 2023 DigitalFUTURES — The 5nd International Conference on Computational Design and Robotic Fabrication (CDRF 2023). The work focuses on novel techniques for computational design and robotic fabrication. The contents make valuable contributions to academic researchers, designers, and engineers in the industry. As well, readers will encounter new ideas about understanding intelligence in architecture.
    Keywords: Phygital Intelligence ; Computational Design ; Robotic Fabrication ; Human-Machine Collaboration ; AI in Architecture ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TN Civil engineering, surveying & building ; bic Book Industry Communication::U Computing & information technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence ; bic Book Industry Communication::U Computing & information technology::UG Graphical & digital media applications::UGC Computer-aided design (CAD)
    Language: English
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    Springer Nature | Palgrave Macmillan
    Publication Date: 2024-01-16
    Description: This open access book focuses on institutions that were produced and formed by the emerging welfare state. How were institutions experienced by the people who interacted with them? How did institutions as sites of experience shape and structure people’s everyday lives? Histories of institutions have mainly focused on the structures and power relations produced by institutional settings. Likewise, despite an extensive historiography of the welfare state, reflections on individuals’ experiences of welfare are few. By using ‘lived institutions’ as its conceptual frame, this edited collection merges the fields of institutional studies, the history of the welfare state – and the novel and vibrant field of the history of experience.
    Keywords: welfare state ; histories of institutions ; Northern Europe ; Nordic welfare model ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HB History::HBT History: specific events & topics::HBTB Social & cultural history ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HB History::HBL History: earliest times to present day ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HB History::HBJ Regional & national history::HBJD European history ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government::JPQ Central government::JPQB Central government policies
    Language: English
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    Springer Nature | Palgrave Macmillan
    Publication Date: 2024-01-16
    Description: This open-access volume argues that in a functioning democracy, citizens should be equally capable of making informed choices about matters of social importance. This includes citizens accessing all relevant information and knowledge necessary for informed will formation. In today's complex era of digital disruption, it is not enough to simply speak about communication or even digital rights. The starting point for this volume is the need for 'epistemic equality'. The contributors seek to showcase the history and diversity of current debates around communication and digital rights, as precursors for the need for epistemic rights; both as a theoretical concept and an empirically assessed benchmark. The book highlights scholarship via academic case studies from around the world to feature different issues and methodological approaches, as well as similarities in academic and policy challenges across the globe. The goal is to provide an overview of issues that depict challenges to epistemic rights, extract both academic and applied policy implications of different approaches, and end with a set of recommendations for advancing policy-relevant scholarship on epistemic rights. This volume is intended as the first holistic response to an urgent need to address epistemic rights of communication as a central public policy issue, as an academic analytical concept, as well as a central theme for informed public debate. This book is open-access, meaning you have free and unlimited access.
    Keywords: digital divide ; epistemic justice ; digital communication ; communication scholarship ; digital distruption ; public service media ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFD Media studies ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government::JPA Political science & theory
    Language: English
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    Springer Nature | Springer Nature Switzerland
    Publication Date: 2024-01-16
    Description: This open-access book explores the security dynamics amid the polarization, shifting borders, and liquid governance that define the Zeitenwende era in Europe's eastern neighbourhood and Central Asia. Presenting various case studies, the volume unveils the intricate web of border dynamics and practices, including the nuanced interplay of border disputes within the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) member states. The contributions shed new light on how contested borders and liquid modes of governance have impacted the engagement of international organizations such as the European Union (EU), North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), and OSCE in security crises and conflict prevention. Delving deeper, a special part dissects the ongoing Russia-Ukraine conflict and examines European and international responses. By analyzing the stances of diverse European countries, their neighborhood, and international organizations, this section uncovers commonalities and disparities in their approaches to the Ukrainian crisis.
    Keywords: Norm diffusion ; Public diplomacy ; Adaptation ; Feminist Foreign Policy ; Russian War ; War in Ukraine ; Human rights ; Transitional justice ; Sustaining peace ; Localization ; Globalization ; Security ; Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe ; OSCE ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government::JPS International relations ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government::JPH Political structure & processes ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government::JPA Political science & theory ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government::JPS International relations::JPSD Diplomacy
    Language: English
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    Springer Nature | Springer Nature Singapore
    Publication Date: 2024-01-16
    Description: This open access book provides a detailed exploration of energy management in seaport integrated energy systems, highlighting their potential to replace conventional fuel-based energy usage and promote sustainable development of large ports. In order to achieve carbon neutrality, energy management technologies are crucial for the sustainable development of port systems that couple energies, logistics, and maritime transportation. Research on seaport integrated energy systems has attracted scholars and scientists from various disciplines, such as port electrification, logistics, microgrids, renewable energies, energy storages, and port automation. Taking a holistic approach, this book establishes a fundamental framework for the topic and discusses the electrification process, coupling mechanisms and modeling, optimal planning, low-carbon and economic operation, as well as applications of integrated energy systems in seaports. This book is intended for researchers, graduate students, and other readers interested in green seaport energy management and low-carbon operation technologies under the coupling between logistics and multi-energy systems.
    Keywords: Green port ; Port electrification ; Integrated energy system ; Energy management ; Port microgrid planning ; Converter-based control ; Economic dispatch of port power system ; Optimization of multi-energy utilization ; Port low-carbon planning ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TH Energy technology & engineering ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TH Energy technology & engineering::THR Electrical engineering ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning::RN The environment::RNU Sustainability ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TN Civil engineering, surveying & building::TNH Highway & traffic engineering
    Language: English
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  • 73
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    Springer Nature
    In:  EPIC3Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, Springer Nature, 416(6), pp. 1311-1320, ISSN: 1618-2642
    Publication Date: 2024-03-04
    Description: FTIR spectral identification is today’s gold standard analytical procedure for plastic pollution material characterization. High-throughput FTIR techniques have been advanced for small microplastics (10–500 µm) but less so for large microplastics (500–5 mm) and macroplastics (〉 5 mm). These larger plastics are typically analyzed using ATR, which is highly manual and can sometimes destroy particles of interest. Furthermore, spectral libraries are often inadequate due to the limited variety of reference materials and spectral collection modes, resulting from expensive spectral data collection. We advance a new high-throughput technique to remedy these problems using FTIR microplate readers for measuring large particles (〉 500 µm). We created a new reference database of over 6000 spectra for transmission, ATR, and reflection spectral collection modes with over 600 plastic, organic, and mineral reference materials relevant to plastic pollution research. We also streamline future analysis in microplate readers by creating a new particle holder for transmission measurements using off-the-shelf parts and fabricating a nonplastic 96-well microplate for storing particles. We determined that particles should be presented to microplate readers as thin as possible due to thick particles causing poor-quality spectra and identifications. We validated the new database using Open Specy and demonstrated that additional transmission and reflection spectra reference data were needed in spectral libraries.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 74
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    Springer Nature
    In:  EPIC3Nature Climate Change, Springer Nature, 14(2), pp. 1-7, ISSN: 1758-678X
    Publication Date: 2024-03-08
    Description: Ocean eddies play a critical role in climate and marine life. In the rapidly warming Arctic, little is known about how ocean eddy activity will change because existing climate models cannot resolve Arctic Ocean mesoscale eddies. Here, by employing a next-generation global sea ice–ocean model with kilometre-scale horizontal resolution in the Arctic, we find a surge of eddy kinetic energy in the upper Arctic Ocean, tripling on average in a four-degree-warmer world. The driving mechanism behind this surge is an increase in eddy generation due to enhanced baroclinic instability. Despite the decline of sea ice, eddy killing (a process in which eddies are dampened by sea ice and winds) will not weaken in its annual mean effect in the considered warming scenario. Our study suggests the importance of adequately representing Arctic eddy activity in climate models for understanding the impacts of its increase on climate and ecosystems.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 75
    Publication Date: 2024-03-25
    Description: Enhancing ocean productivity by artificial upwelling is evaluated as a nature-based solution for food security and climate change mitigation. Fish production is intended through diatom-based plankton food webs as these are assumed to be short and efficient. However, our findings from mesocosm experiments on artificial upwelling in the oligotrophic ocean disagree with this classical food web model. Here, diatoms did not reduce trophic length and instead impaired the transfer of primary production to crustacean grazers and small pelagic fish. The diatom-driven decrease in trophic efficiency was likely mediated by changes in nutritional value for the copepod grazers. Whilst diatoms benefitted the availability of essential fatty acids, they also caused unfavorable elemental compositions via high carbon-to-nitrogen ratios (i.e. low protein content) to which the grazers were unable to adapt. This nutritional imbalance for grazers was most pronounced in systems optimized for CO2 uptake through carbon-to-nitrogen ratios well beyond Redfield. A simultaneous enhancement of fisheries production and carbon sequestration via artificial upwelling may thus be difficult to achieve given their opposing stoichiometric constraints. Our study suggest that food quality can be more critical than quantity to maximize food web productivity during shorter-term fertilization of the oligotrophic ocean.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 76
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: Interest in deep-sea mining for polymetallic nodules as an alternative source to onshore mines for various high-technology metals has risen in recent years, as demands and costs have increased. The need for studies to assess its short- and long-term consequences on polymetallic nodule ecosystems is therefore also increasingly prescient. Recent image-based expedition studies have described the temporal impacts on epi-/megafauna seafloor communities across these ecosystems at particular points in time. However, these studies have failed to capture information on large infauna within the sediments or give information on potential transient and temporally limited users of these areas, such as mobile surface deposit feeders or fauna responding to bloom events or food fall depositions. This study uses data from the Peru Basin polymetallic nodule province, where the seafloor was previously disturbed with a plough harrow in 1989 and with an epibenthic sled (EBS) in 2015, to simulate two contrasting possible impact forms of mining disturbance. To try and address the shortfall on information on transient epifauna and infauna use of these various disturbed and undisturbed areas of nodule-rich seafloor, images collected 6 months after the 2015 disturbance event were inspected and all Lebensspuren, ‘traces of life’, were characterized by type (epi- or infauna tracemakers, as well as forming fauna species where possible), along with whether they occurred on undisturbed seafloor or regions disturbed in 1989 or 2015. The results show that epi- and endobenthic Lebensspuren were at least 50% less abundant across both the ploughed and EBS disturbed seafloors. This indicates that even 26 years after disturbance, sediment use by fauna may remain depressed across these areas.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 77
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: Over the past 40 years, the significance of microzooplankton grazing in oceanic carbon cycling has been highlighted with the help of dilution experiments. The ecologically relevant Western Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) ecosystem in the Southern Ocean (SO), however, has not been well studied. Here we present data from dilution experiments, performed at three stations around the northern tip of the WAP to determine grazing rates of small zooplankton (hetero- and mixotrophic members of the 0.2–200 µm size fraction, SZP) on auto- and heterotrophic members of the 〈 200 µm plankton community as well as their gross growth. While variable impacts of SZP grazing on carbon cycling were measured, particulate organic carbon, not the traditionally used parameter chlorophyll a, provided the best interpretable results. Our results suggested that heterotrophic picoplankton played a significant role in the carbon turnover at all stations. Finally, a comparison of two stations with diverging characteristics highlights that SZP grazing eliminated 56–119% of gross particulate organic carbon production from the particulate fraction. Thus, SZP grazing eliminated 20–50 times more carbon from the particulate fraction compared to what was exported to depth, therefore significantly affecting the efficiency of the biological carbon pump at these SO sites.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 78
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    Springer Nature
    In:  EPIC3Nature Communications, Springer Nature, 15(1), pp. 3232-3232, ISSN: 2041-1723
    Publication Date: 2024-05-31
    Description: Sea-level rise submerges terrestrial permafrost in the Arctic, turning it into subsea permafrost. Subsea permafrost underlies ~ 1.8 million km2 of Arctic continental shelf, with thicknesses in places exceeding 700 m. Sea-level variations over glacial-interglacial cycles control subsea permafrost distribution and thickness, yet no permafrost model has accounted for glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA), which deviates local sea level from the global mean due to changes in ice and ocean loading. Here we incorporate GIA into a pan-Arctic model of subsea permafrost over the last 400,000 years. Including GIA significantly reduces present-day subsea permafrost thickness, chiefly because of hydro-isostatic effects as well as deformation related to Northern Hemisphere ice sheets. Additionally, we extend the simulation 1000 years into the future for emissions scenarios outlined in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change’s sixth assessment report. We find that subsea permafrost is preserved under a low emissions scenario but mostly disappears under a high emissions scenario.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 79
    Publication Date: 2024-06-11
    Description: The Southern Ocean is a major region of ocean carbon uptake, but its future changes remain uncertain under climate change. Here we show the projected shift in the Southern Ocean CO2 sink using a suite of Earth System Models, revealing changes in the mechanism, position and seasonality of the carbon uptake. The region of dominant CO2 uptake shifts from the Subtropical to the Antarctic region under the high-emission scenario. The warming-driven sea-ice melt, increased ocean stratification, mixed layer shoaling, and a weaker vertical carbon gradient is projected to together reduce the winter de-gassing in the future, which will trigger the switch from mixing-driven outgassing to solubility-driven uptake in the Antarctic region during the winter season. The future Southern Ocean carbon sink will be poleward-shifted, operating in a hybrid mode between biologically-driven summertime and solubility-driven wintertime uptake with further amplification of biologically-driven uptake due to the increasing Revelle Factor.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 80
    Publication Date: 2024-06-13
    Description: A detailed study of past eruptive activity is crucial to understanding volcanic systems and associated hazards. We present a meticulous stratigraphic analysis, a comprehensive chronological reconstruction, thorough tephra mapping, and a detailed analysis of the interplay between primary and secondary volcanic processes of the post-900 AD activity of La Fossa caldera, including the two main systems of La Fossa volcano and Vulcanello cones (Vulcano Island, Italy). Our analyses demonstrate how the recent volcanic activity of La Fossa caldera is primarily characterized by effusive and Strombolian activity and Vulcanian eruptions, combined with sporadic sub-Plinian events and both impulsive and long-lasting phreatic explosions, all of which have the capacity to severely impact the entire northern sector of Vulcano island. We document a total of 30 eruptions, 25 from the La Fossa volcano and 5 from Vulcanello cones, consisting of ash to lapilli deposits and fields of ballistic bombs and blocks. Volcanic activity alternated with significant erosional phases and volcaniclastic re-sedimentation. Large-scale secondary erosion processes occur in response to the widespread deposition of fine-grained ash blankets, both onto the active cone of La Fossa and the watersheds conveying their waters into the La Fossa caldera. The continuous increase in ground height above sea level, particularly in the western sector of the caldera depression where key infrastructure is situated, is primarily attributed to long-term alluvial processes. We demonstrate how a specific methodological approach is key to the characterization and hazard assessment of low-to-high intensity volcanic activity, where tephra is emitted over long time periods and is intercalated with phases of erosion and re-sedimentation.
    Description: Open access funding provided by Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia within the CRUI-CARE Agreement.
    Description: Published
    Description: 47
    Description: OSV2: Complessità dei processi vulcanici: approcci multidisciplinari e multiparametrici
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Active caldera; Aeolian archipelago; Historical eruptions; Island of Vulcano; Tephra; Volcano stratigraphy ; 04.08. Volcanology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 81
    Publication Date: 2024-06-17
    Description: Open-conduit basaltic volcanoes can be characterised by sudden large explosive events (paroxysms) that interrupt normal effusive and mild explosive activity. In June-August 2019, one major explosion and two paroxysms occurred at Stromboli volcano (Italy) within only 64 days. Here, via a multifaceted approach using clinopyroxene, we show arrival of mafic recharges up to a few days before the onset of these events and their effects on the eruption pattern at Stromboli, as a prime example of a persistently active, open-conduit basaltic volcano. Our data indicate a rejuvenated Stromboli plumbing system where the extant crystal mush is efficiently permeated by recharge magmas with minimum remobilisation promoting a direct linkage between the deeper and the shallow reservoirs that sustains the currently observed larger variability of eruptive behaviour. Our approach provides vital insights into magma dynamics and their effects on monitoring signals demonstrating the power of petrological studies in interpreting patterns of surficial activity.
    Description: Published
    Description: 7717
    Description: OSV1: Verso la previsione dei fenomeni vulcanici pericolosi
    Description: OSV2: Complessità dei processi vulcanici: approcci multidisciplinari e multiparametrici
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Stromboli volcano ; clinopyroxene ; paroxysmal activity ; Eruptive timescales ; Thermobarometry ; Petrology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 82
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    Springer Nature
    In:  EPIC3Communications Earth & Environment, Springer Nature, 5(1), pp. 93-93, ISSN: 2662-4435
    Publication Date: 2024-04-03
    Description: Recently, seasonal pulses of modified Warm Deep Water have been observed near the Filchner Ice Shelf front in the Weddell Sea, Antarctica. Here, we investigate the temperature evolution of subsurface waters in the Filchner Trough under four future scenarios of carbon dioxide emissions using the climate model AWI-CM. Our model simulates these warm intrusions, suggests more frequent pulses in a warmer climate, and supports the potential for a regime shift from cold to warm Filchner Trough in two high-emission scenarios. The regime shift is governed in particular by decreasing local sea ice formation and a shoaling thermocline. Cavity circulation is not critical in triggering the change. Consequences would include increased ice shelf basal melting, reduced buttressing of fast-flowing ice streams, loss of grounded ice and an acceleration of global sea level rise. According to our simulations, the regime shift can be avoided and the Filchner Trough warming can be restricted to 0.5 ∘C by reaching the 2 ∘C climate goal.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 83
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    Springer Nature
    In:  EPIC3Nature Microbiology, Springer Nature, 9(3), pp. 830-847, ISSN: 2058-5276
    Publication Date: 2024-04-03
    Description: Plasmids alter microbial evolution and lifestyles by mobilizing genes that often confer fitness in changing environments across clades. Yet our ecological and evolutionary understanding of naturally occurring plasmids is far from complete. Here we developed a machine-learning model, PlasX, which identified 68,350 non-redundant plasmids across human gut metagenomes and organized them into 1,169 evolutionarily cohesive ‘plasmid systems’ using our sequence containment-aware network-partitioning algorithm, MobMess. Individual plasmids were often country specific, yet most plasmid systems spanned across geographically distinct human populations. Cargo genes in plasmid systems included well-known determinants of fitness, such as antibiotic resistance, but also many others including enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of essential nutrients and modification of transfer RNAs, revealing a wide repertoire of likely fitness determinants in complex environments. Our study introduces computational tools to recognize and organize plasmids, and uncovers the ecological and evolutionary patterns of diverse plasmids in naturally occurring habitats through plasmid systems.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 84
    Publication Date: 2024-04-03
    Description: Respiratory reductases enable microorganisms to use molecules present in anaerobic ecosystems as energy-generating respiratory electron acceptors. Here we identify three taxonomically distinct families of human gut bacteria (Burkholderiaceae, Eggerthellaceae and Erysipelotrichaceae) that encode large arsenals of tens to hundreds of respiratory-like reductases per genome. Screening species from each family (Sutterella wadsworthensis, Eggerthella lenta and Holdemania filiformis), we discover 22 metabolites used as respiratory electron acceptors in a species-specific manner. Identified reactions transform multiple classes of dietary- and host-derived metabolites, including bioactive molecules resveratrol and itaconate. Products of identified respiratory metabolisms highlight poorly characterized compounds, such as the itaconate-derived 2-methylsuccinate. Reductase substrate profiling defines enzyme–substrate pairs and reveals a complex picture of reductase evolution, providing evidence that reductases with specificities for related cinnamate substrates independently emerged at least four times. These studies thus establish an exceptionally versatile form of anaerobic respiration that directly links microbial energy metabolism to the gut metabolome.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 85
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    Springer Nature
    In:  EPIC3Nature Geoscience, Springer Nature, pp. 1-10, ISSN: 1752-0894
    Publication Date: 2024-05-06
    Description: There has been extensive research into the nonlinear responses of the Earth system to astronomical forcing during the last glacial cycle. However, the speed and spatial geometry of ice sheet expansion to its largest extent at the Last Glacial Maximum 21 thousand years ago remains uncertain. Here we use an Earth system model with interactive ice sheets to show that distinct initial North American (Laurentide) ice sheets at 38 thousand years ago converge towards a configuration consistent with the Last Glacial Maximum due to feedbacks between atmospheric circulation and ice sheet geometry. Notably, ice advance speed and spatial pattern in our model are controlled by the amount of summer snowfall, which is dependent on moisture transport pathways from the North Atlantic warm pool linked to ice sheet geometry. The consequence of increased summer snowfall on the surface mass balance of the ice sheet is not only the direct increase in accumulation but the indirect reduction in melt through the snow/ice–albedo feedback. These feedbacks provide an effective mechanism for ice growth for a range of initial ice sheet states and may explain the rapid North American ice volume increase during the last ice age and potentially driving growth during previous glacial periods.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 86
    Publication Date: 2024-04-08
    Description: Climate change is opening the Arctic Ocean to increasing human impact and ecosystem changes. Arctic fjords, the region’s most productive ecosystems, are sustained by a diverse microbial community at the base of the food web. Here we show that Arctic fjords become more prokaryotic in the picoplankton (0.2–3 µm) with increasing water temperatures. Across 21 fjords, we found that Arctic fjords had proportionally more trophically diverse (autotrophic, mixotrophic, and heterotrophic) picoeukaryotes, while subarctic and temperate fjords had relatively more diverse prokaryotic trophic groups. Modeled oceanographic connectivity between fjords suggested that transport alone would create a smooth gradient in beta diversity largely following the North Atlantic Current and East Greenland Current. Deviations from this suggested that picoeukaryotes had some strong regional patterns in beta diversity that reduced the effect of oceanographic connectivity, while prokaryotes were mainly stopped in their dispersal if strong temperature differences between sites were present. Fjords located in high Arctic regions also generally had very low prokaryotic alpha diversity. Ultimately, warming of Arctic fjords could induce a fundamental shift from more trophic diverse eukaryotic- to prokaryotic-dominated communities, with profound implications for Arctic ecosystem dynamics including their productivity patterns.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 87
    Publication Date: 2024-04-08
    Description: Understanding the genetic structure of populations and the processes responsible for its spatial and temporal dynamics is vital for assessing species’ adaptability and survival in changing environments. We investigate the genetic fingerprinting of blooming populations of the marine diatom Pseudo-nitzschia multistriata in the Gulf of Naples (Mediterranean Sea) from 2008 to 2020. Strains were genotyped using microsatellite fingerprinting and natural samples were also analysed with Microsatellite Pool-seq Barcoding based on Illumina sequencing of microsatellite loci. Both approaches revealed a clonal expansion event in 2013 and a more stable genetic structure during 2017–2020 compared to previous years. The identification of a mating type (MT) determination gene allowed to assign MT to strains isolated over the years. MTs were generally at equilibrium with two notable exceptions, including the clonal bloom of 2013. The populations exhibited linkage equilibrium in most blooms, indicating that sexual reproduction leads to genetic homogenization. Our findings show that P. multistriata blooms exhibit a dynamic genetic and demographic composition over time, most probably determined by deeper-layer cell inocula. Occasional clonal expansions and MT imbalances can potentially affect the persistence and ecological success of planktonic diatoms.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 88
    Publication Date: 2024-04-17
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 89
    Publication Date: 2024-04-17
    Description: Plastics are persistent in the environment and may be ingested by organisms where they may cause physical harm or release plastic additives. Monitoring is a crucial mechanism to assess the risk of plastics to the marine and terrestrial ecosystem. Unfortunately, due to unharmonised procedures, it remains difficult to compare the results of different studies. This publication, as part of the Horizon project EUROqCHARM, aims to identify the properties of the available analytical processes and methods for the determination of plastics in biota. Based on a systematic review, reproducible analytical pipelines were examined and the technological readiness levels were assessed so that these methods may eventually (if not already) be incorporated into (harmonised) monitoring programs where biota are identified as indicators of plastic pollution.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 90
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    Springer Nature
    In:  EPIC3Nature Communications, Springer Nature, 15(1), pp. 3012-3012, ISSN: 2041-1723
    Publication Date: 2024-04-19
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 91
    Publication Date: 2024-04-15
    Description: We studied the potential of a recently introduced species, the Asian brush-clawed crab (Hemigrapsus takanoi), to expand its distribution range further into the Baltic Sea. H. takanoi has been documented in the southwestern Baltic Sea since 2014. The ability to persist and further expand into the Baltic Proper will depend on their potential to sustain all stages of their complex life cycle, including pelagic larvae, under the Baltic Sea's conditions. Range limits may be established by the tolerance to low salinity, which in addition may be affected by water temperature. A key question is whether local populations at the distribution limit (within the Baltic Sea) show increased tolerance to low salinities and hence promote further expansion. We quantified the combined effects of salinity (10–33 PSU) and temperature (15–24 °C) on larval development in four populations of H. takanoi (two from the Baltic and two from the North Sea). We found substantial differences in larval performance between the populations from the Baltic and North Seas. Larvae from the North Sea populations always showed higher survival and faster development compared with those from the Baltic Sea. Only weak evidence of elevated tolerance towards low salinity was found in the larvae from the Baltic Sea populations. In addition, larvae from the population located near the range limit showed very low survival under all tested salinity-temperature combinations and no evidence of increased tolerance to low salinity. There was no apparent genetic differentiation among the studied populations in the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit one gene (COI) implying high connectivity among the populations. In conclusion, the weak evidence of low salinity tolerance in Baltic Sea populations, and poor larval performance for the population located near the range limit, coupled with limited genetic differentiation suggest that subsidies are needed for populations to persist near the range limit. Alternatively, ontogenetic migrations would be required to sustain those populations. Monitoring efforts are needed to elucidate the underlaying mechanisms and document potential future range expansions.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 92
    Publication Date: 2024-05-03
    Description: Diversity and its drivers and consequences are at the heart of ecological research. Mostly, studies have focused on different species, but if the causes for increases or decreases in diversity are general, the observed patterns should also be observable within genotypes. As previous research shows that there is higher variability in nitrogen to phosphorus ratios (N/P) between slow-growing unicellular algal populations, compared to fast-growing ones, we expected to observe similar patterns within genetically identical strains growing at different rates. We tested this hypothesis in a laboratory experiment performed with a monoculture of the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Using a growth rate gradient obtained with 10 chemostats, we were able to determine the effect of growth rate on the diatom’s elemental stoichiometry as well as on selected traits, such as cell size and shape. Our results showed indeed less intercellular variability (in the selected traits assessed on single-cell level) in the faster-growing populations, which was accompanied by a downward trend in bulk N/P ratios. We pose that this higher variability at lower growth rates potentially results in higher variability of the food sources available for higher trophic levels with potential consequences for the transfer efficiency of energy and matter in marine food webs.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 93
    Publication Date: 2024-07-10
    Description: L’instabilità del materiale vulcanoclastico caldo depositato durante l’attività eruttiva può condurre alla formazione di correnti piroclastiche, dette anche valanghe ardenti. Questi flussi possono spostarsi da distanze che vanno da centinaia di metri a diversi chilometri dalla sorgente, mantenendo temperature estremamente elevate, rappresentando così un rischio significativo per le aree circostanti i vulcani caratterizzati da pendii ripidi. La manifestazione di tali fenomeni è frequentemente associata al collasso del bordo del cratere, evento che può essere innescato da vari fattori quali la pressione esercitata dal magma, l’intrusione di dicchi, il rigonfiamento o, meno frequentemente, intense esplosioni. Nel presente studio, l’analisi dettagliata dei dati provenienti dalla rete di monitoraggio multiparametrico installata a Stromboli (Italia), che include informazioni riguardanti sorveglianza video, sismicità e deformazioni del suolo, integrate da dati topografici ottenuti tramite telerilevamento, ha facilitato l’identificazione dei fattori che hanno portato ai crolli del bordo del cratere avvenuti il 9 ottobre e il 4 dicembre 2022. Tali collassi hanno comportato la rimobilizzazione rispettivamente di 6.4 ± 1.0 × 103 m3 e 88.9 ± 26.7 × 103 m3 di materiale, il quale si è propagato sotto forma di correnti piroclastiche lungo il versante nord-occidentale del vulcano, raggiungendo il mare in poche decine di secondi. Questi eventi sono stati caratterizzati da una fase preparatoria caratterizzata da un aumento della pressione magmatica nelle settimane precedenti, correlato ad un incremento del tasso di deformazione. Inoltre, nelle ore precedenti il collasso, si è registrata una intensificazione del degassamento esplosivo, evidenziata da frequenti esplosioni di piccola entità accompagnate da un incremento del tremore sismico. Tali eventi sono stati interpretati come un iniziale aumento della vescicolarità del magma, seguito dal rilascio di gas. Il processo di degassamento ha quindi portato ad un addensamento del magma, con conseguente aumento della pressione sulle pareti del condotto magmatico. Questa fase ha coinciso con il crollo del bordo craterico, seguito o accompagnato da fasi di tracimazione lavica. Un meccanismo simile a quello proposto potrebbe fornire indicazioni utili per la comprensione di fenomeni analoghi osservati in altri vulcani. L’analisi condotta in questo studio sottolinea l’importanza di un approccio multiparametrico e a piattaforma multipla per una migliore comprensione di fenomeni così complessi. Integrando diverse tipologie di dati, tra cui informazioni sismiche, di deformazione del suolo e di telerilevamento, è possibile identificare i fenomeni associati alle diverse fasi che portano al collasso del bordo del cratere e al conseguente sviluppo di correnti piroclastiche.
    Description: The gravitational instability of hot material deposited during eruptive activity can lead to the formation of glowing avalanches, commonly known as deposit-derived pyroclastic density currents (PDCs). These currents can travel hundreds of metres to several kilometres from the source at exceptionally high temperatures, posing a catastrophic hazard to areas surrounding steep-slope volcanoes. The occurrence of deposit-derived PDCs is often associated with crater rim failure, which can be triggered by various factors such as magma thrust from dike injection, magma fingering, bulging or less commonly, powerful explosions. Here, the in-depth study of data from the multi-parametric monitoring network operating on Stromboli (Italy), including video surveillance, seismicity and ground deformation data, complemented by remote topographic sensing data, has facilitated the understanding of the events leading to the crater rim collapse on 9 October and 4 December 2022. The failures resulted in the remobilisation of 6.4 ± 1.0 × 103 m3 and 88.9 ± 26.7 × 103 m3 of material for the 9 October and the 4 December 2022, respectively, which propagated as PDCs along the NW side of the volcano and reached the sea in a few tens of seconds. These events were characterised by a preparatory phase marked by an increase in magmatic pressure in the preceding weeks, which correlated with an increase in the displacement rate of the volcano’s summit. There was also an escalation in explosive degassing, evidenced by spattering accompanied by seismic tremors in the hours before the collapse. These events have been interpreted as an initial increase in magma vesicularity, followed by the release of gas once percolation threshold was reached. The degassing process induced densification of the magma, resulting in increased thrust on the conduit walls due to increased magmastatic pressure. This phase coincided with crater rim collapse, often followed or accompanied by the onset of lava overflow phases. A mechanism similar to the one proposed may shed light on similar phenomena observed at other volcanoes. The analysis performed in this study highlights the need for a multi-parametric and multi-platform approach to fully understand such complex phenomena. By integrating different data sources, including seismic, deformation and remote sensing data, it is possible to identify the phenomena associated with the different phases leading to crater rim collapse and the subsequent development of deposit-derived PDCs.
    Description: Open access funding provided by Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia within the CRUI-CARE Agreement. This research has benefited from the support from the following projects: “Convenzione B2 DPC-INGV 2022–2024, Stromboli”; INGV project Pianeta Dinamico 2023–2025-ORME; INGV project Reti Multiparametriche (Task A2); INGV Progetto Strategico Dipartimentale 2019 “UNO”; INGV Progetto Strategico Dipartimentale 2019 “FIRST”; Accordo tra Università degli Studi di Firenze e Presidenza del Consiglio dei Ministri-Dipartimento della Protezione Civile 2022–2024; Accordo tra IREA-CNR e Presidenza del Consiglio dei Ministri-Dipartimento della Protezione Civile 2022–2024 and Accordo tra IGAG-CNR e Presidenza del Consiglio dei Ministri-Dipartimento della Protezione Civile 2022–2024. Partly funded by the European Union–Next Generation EU, National Recovery and Resilience Plan Mission 4-Component 2. Project title: “Causes and consequences of deposit-derived pyroclastic density currents” (P20222BP7J). The SSAP software research and development was funded by CONAHCYT (Mexico): Proyectos Ciencia Basica: CB-2016/286764. SSAP2010 is FREEWARE software, i.e. it is distributed free of charge only at HTTPS://WWW.SSAP.EU.
    Description: Published
    Description: 69
    Description: OSV2: Complessità dei processi vulcanici: approcci multidisciplinari e multiparametrici
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: DEPOSIT-DERVIED PYROCLASTIC DENSITY CURRENTS ; CRATER RIM COLLAPSE ; VOLCANO MONITORING ; TOPOGRAPHIC CHANGE DETECTION ; STROMBOLI ; AEOLIAN ARCHIPELAGO ; 04.08. Volcanology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 94
    Publication Date: 2024-07-10
    Description: Background: Northern ecosystems are strongly influenced by herbivores that differ in their impacts on the ecosystem. Yet the role of herbivore diversity in shaping the structure and functioning of tundra ecosystems has been overlooked. With climate and land-use changes causing rapid shifts in Arctic species assemblages, a better understanding of the consequences of herbivore diversity changes for tundra ecosystem functioning is urgently needed. This systematic review synthesizes available evidence on the effects of herbivore diversity on different processes, functions, and properties of tundra ecosystems. Methods: Following a published protocol, our systematic review combined primary field studies retrieved from bibliographic databases, search engines and specialist websites that compared tundra ecosystem responses to different levels of vertebrate and invertebrate herbivore diversity. We used the number of functional groups of herbivores (i.e., functional group richness) as a measure of the diversity of the herbivore assemblage. We screened titles, abstracts, and full texts of studies using pre-defined eligibility criteria. We critically appraised the validity of the studies, tested the influence of different moderators, and conducted sensitivity analyses. Quantitative synthesis (i.e., calculation of effect sizes) was performed for ecosystem responses reported by at least five articles and meta-regressions including the effects of potential modifiers for those reported by at least 10 articles. Review findings: The literature searches retrieved 5944 articles. After screening titles, abstracts, and full texts, 201 articles including 3713 studies (i.e., individual comparisons) were deemed relevant for the systematic review, with 2844 of these studies included in quantitative syntheses. The available evidence base on the effects of herbivore diversity on tundra ecosystems is concentrated around well-established research locations and focuses mainly on the impacts of vertebrate herbivores on vegetation. Overall, greater herbivore diversity led to increased abundance of feeding marks by herbivores and soil temperature, and to reduced total abundance of plants, graminoids, forbs, and litter, plant leaf size, plant height, and moss depth, but the effects of herbivore diversity were difficult to tease apart from those of excluding vertebrate herbivores. The effects of different functional groups of herbivores on graminoid and lichen abundance compensated each other, leading to no net effects when herbivore effects were combined. In turn, smaller herbivores and large-bodied herbivores only reduced plant height when occurring together but not when occurring separately. Greater herbivore diversity increased plant diversity in graminoid tundra but not in other habitat types. Conclusions: This systematic review underscores the importance of herbivore diversity in shaping the structure and function of Arctic ecosystems, with different functional groups of herbivores exerting additive or compensatory effects that can be modulated by environmental conditions. Still, many challenges remain to fully understand the complex impacts of herbivore diversity on tundra ecosystems. Future studies should explicitly address the role of herbivore diversity beyond presence-absence, targeting a broader range of ecosystem responses and explicitly including invertebrate herbivores. A better understanding of the role of herbivore diversity will enhance our ability to predict whether and where shifts in herbivore assemblages might mitigate or further amplify the impacts of environmental change on Arctic ecosystems.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 95
    Publication Date: 2024-07-10
    Description: As global temperatures continue to rise, a key uncertainty of terrestrial carbon (C)–climate feedback is the rate of C loss upon abrupt permafrost thaw. This type of thawing—termed thermokarst—may in turn accelerate or dampen the response of microbial degradation of soil organic matter and carbon dioxide (CO2) release to climate warming. However, such impacts have not yet been explored in experimental studies. Here, by experimentally warming three thermo-erosion gullies in an upland thermokarst site combined with incubating soils from five additional thermokarst-impacted sites on the Tibetan Plateau, we investigate how warming responses of soil CO2 release would change upon upland thermokarst formation. Our results show that warming-induced increase in soil CO2 release is ~5.5 times higher in thermokarst features than the adjacent non-thermokarst landforms. This larger warming response is associated with the lower substrate quality and higher abundance of microbial functional genes for recalcitrant C degradation in thermokarst-affected soils. Taken together, our study provides experimental evidence that warming-associated soil CO2 loss becomes stronger upon abrupt permafrost thaw, which could exacerbate the positive soil C–climate feedback in permafrost-affected regions.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 96
    Publication Date: 2024-08-13
    Description: Understanding carbon dioxide emissions variability in volcanic regions is vital for detecting instabilities in the subvolcanic plumbing system, crucial for managing both volcanic and environmental risks. While changes in magmatic sources drive these variations, non-magmatic processes can complicate signal interpretation, especially in caldera environments. Here, geothermal systems can sequester CO2 within the bedrock through hydrothermal calcite precipitation, significantly impacting surface-level CO2 emissions. Unfortunately, few studies have explored this phenomenon, examining hydrothermal calcite origins and their effects on carbon balances and temporal gaseous patterns in active volcanic settings. Our study developed a specialized methodology for quantifying CO2 sequestered in hydrothermal calcites within alkaline caldera systems. We focused on analyzing hydrothermal calcite in lithics from volcanic deposits of eruptions of varying ages, Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI), and eruptive vent locations to enhance the representativeness of the entire caldera bedrock. Unlike core samples from geothermal wells, which are infrequent and limited to specific depths, lithics can be easily collected, offering a comprehensive understanding of CO2 sequestration. Through extensive 3D textural characterization and isotopic investigations on hydrothermal calcite within lithic fragments from selected alkaline volcanic deposits in the Campi Flegrei caldera, our findings emphasized the significant influence of calcite sinks on the overall CO2 budget released by volcanoes throughout their evolution.
    Description: Published
    Description: 16839
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: caldera ; Campi Flegrei ; hydrothermal calcite ; 04.08. Volcanology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 97
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    Springer Nature
    In:  EPIC3Nature Communications, Springer Nature, 15(1), pp. 5641-5641, ISSN: 2041-1723
    Publication Date: 2024-08-14
    Description: On a global scale, biodiversity is geographically structured into regions of biotic similarity. Delineating these regions has been mostly targeted for tetrapods and plants, but those for hyperdiverse groups such as insects are relatively unknown. Insects may have higher biogeographic congruence with plants than tetrapods due to their tight ecological and evolutionary links with the former, but it remains untested. Here, we develop a global regionalization for a major and widespread insect group, ants, based on the most comprehensive distributional and phylogenetic information to date, and examine its similarity to regionalizations for tetrapods and vascular plants. Our ant regionalization supports the newly proposed Madagascan and Sino-Japanese realms based on tetrapod delineations, and it recovers clusters observed in plants but not in tetrapods, such as the Holarctic and Indo-Pacific realms. Quantitative comparison suggests strong associations among different groups—plants showed a higher congruence with ants than with tetrapods. These results underscore the wide congruence of diverse distribution patterns across the tree of life and the similarities shared by insects and plants that are not captured by tetrapod groups. Our analysis highlights the importance of developing global biogeographic maps for insect groups to obtain a more comprehensive geographic picture of life on Earth.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 98
    Publication Date: 2024-06-21
    Description: Background: Wildfires are recognized as an important ecological component of larch-dominated boreal forests in eastern Siberia. However, long-term fire-vegetation dynamics in this unique environment are poorly understood. Recent paleoecological research suggests that intensifying fire regimes may induce millennial-scale shifts in forest structure and composition. This may, in turn, result in positive feedback on intensifying wildfires and permafrost degradation, apart from threatening human livelihoods. Most common fire-vegetation models do not explicitly include detailed individual-based tree population dynamics, but a focus on patterns of forest structure emerging from interactions among individual trees may provide a beneficial perspective on the impacts of changing fire regimes in eastern Siberia. To simulate these impacts on forest structure at millennial timescales, we apply the individual-based, spatially explicit vegetation model LAVESI-FIRE, expanded with a new fire module. Satellite-based fire observations along with fieldwork data were used to inform the implementation of wildfire occurrence and adjust model parameters. Results: Simulations of annual forest development and wildfire activity at a study site in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) since the Last Glacial Maximum (c. 20,000 years BP) highlight the variable impacts of fire regimes on forest structure throughout time. Modeled annual fire probability and subsequent burned area in the Holocene compare well with a local reconstruction of charcoal influx in lake sediments. Wildfires can be followed by different forest regeneration pathways, depending on fire frequency and intensity and the pre-fire forest conditions. We find that medium-intensity wildfires at fire return intervals of 50 years or more benefit the dominance of fire-resisting Dahurian larch (Larix gmelinii (Rupr.) Rupr.), while stand-replacing fires tend to enable the establishment of evergreen conifers. Apart from post-fire mortality, wildfires modulate forest development mainly through competition effects and a reduction of the model’s litter layer. Conclusion: With its fine-scale population dynamics, LAVESI-FIRE can serve as a highly localized, spatially explicit tool to understand the long-term impacts of boreal wildfires on forest structure and to better constrain interpretations of paleoecological reconstructions of fire activity.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 99
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    Unknown
    Springer Nature
    In:  EPIC3International Journal of Biometeorology, Springer Nature, 68(4), pp. 1-17, ISSN: 0020-7128
    Publication Date: 2024-06-21
    Description: The Great Lakes region of North America has warmed by 1–2 °C on average since pre-industrial times, with the most pronounced changes observable during winter and spring. Interannual variability in temperatures remains high, however, due to the influence of ocean-atmosphere circulation patterns that modulate the warming trend across years. Variations in spring temperatures determine growing season length and plant phenology, with implications for whole ecosystem function. Studying how both internal climate variability and the “secular” warming trend interact to produce trends in temperature is necessary to estimate potential ecological responses to future warming scenarios. This study examines how external anthropogenic forcing and decadal-scale variability influence spring temperatures across the western Great Lakes region and estimates the sensitivity of regional forests to temperature using long-term growth records from tree-rings and satellite data. Using a modeling approach designed to test for regime shifts in dynamic time series, this work shows that mid-continent spring climatology was strongly influenced by the 1976/1977 phase change in North Pacific atmospheric circulation, and that regional forests show a strengthening response to spring temperatures during the last half-century.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 100
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    Unknown
    Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
    In:  EPIC3IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), 62, pp. 1-9, ISSN: 0196-2892
    Publication Date: 2024-08-02
    Description: A ground-penetrating radar is an extensively used geophysical tool in cryosphere sciences (ice sheets and glaciers) with sounding depths of several kilometers due to the small radio-wave attenuation in ice sheets. The detection of the ice thickness and internal ice stratigraphy with commercial radars has become standard. However, there is still an observational gap in determining dielectric and mechanical ice-fabric anisotropy and basal properties using these systems. Recently, a groundbased phase-coherent radar showed its potential to fill this gap. However, this requires that the corresponding groundbased radars cover profiles several tens of kilometers in length. We address this challenge by modifying an autonomous rover to collect phase-coherent, quad-polarimetric radar data geolocated with real-time kinematic (RTK) positioning. In a proof-ofconcept study in Antarctica, we demonstrate that this allows the collection of quad-polarimetric data along a 23-km profile, mapping anisotropic ice-fabric properties at 〈100-m intervals across the transition of grounded to floating ice. This study shows the possibility of collecting data that will refine ice-flow models by providing missing rheological parameters. This work also demonstrates the versatility of the autonomous ground vehicle with its ability to tow more than 200-kg payload, with a battery run time of over 6 h, and with a modular design that enables future integration of different radars or other geophysical sensors.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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