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  • Articles  (29,177)
  • IWA Publishing
  • Sage Publications
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  • 1
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    Tectonic hazards: Volcanoes (2018)
    IWA Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-11-18
    Description: Volcanic activity is one of the most exciting natural manifestations of our living planet. Volcanoes generate continuously new lithosphere in expanding plate boundaries and have a key role in recycling it in the subduction plate margins. Volcanoes created the Earth atmosphere (except oxygen component) and gave birth to life in their submarine white smokers. Volcanoes made available the most important elements for human race to survive and evolve: fire, obsidian, sulfur, fertile soils, all precious and base metals and much more. On the other hand, explosive volcanic eruptions are one of the most impressive, violent and destructive natural events and represent a potential threat for hundreds of millions of people. Landscape beauty and soil fertility attracts populations, which settle on volcano flanks, creating, by the conjunction of hazards and population, high risk areas. The population directly at risk from volcanoes nowadays is at least 500 million, representing as much as 7% of mankind. At a larger scale, volcanic emissions (gas and ash) can affect the natural environment on the whole Earth modifying the climate for some years, inducing the so-called “volcanic winters”. (Continued)
    Description: Published
    Description: 408-443
    Description: 6V. Pericolosità vulcanica e contributi alla stima del rischio
    Keywords: Volcanic hazards ; Volcanology ; 04.08. Volcanology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: book chapter
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  • 2
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    Bringing Earth into the scene of a primary school: a science theatre experiment (2015)
    Sage Publications
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Studies have shown that narrative is a valid tool to transmit science in a school context (Negrete&Lartigue 2010). We explored science theatre to promote earthquake knowledge and risk preparedness by readapting an old legend describing the 1908 Messina earthquake into a script, which was then performed in a primary school. We evaluated the experience by designing a questionnaire inspired by the Düss Fairy Tales method and a semi-structured questionnaire. Preliminary results strongly encourage science theatre as a mean to transfer knowledge and opens new opportunities to use this method as an agent of change in behaviour before and during an earthquake.
    Description: Published
    Description: 131-139
    Description: 3T. Pericolosità sismica e contributo alla definizione del rischio
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: science theatre ; risk education ; narrative ; 05. General::05.03. Educational, History of Science, Public Issues::05.03.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 3
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    Vegetation and lake changes on the southern Taymyr peninsula, northern Siberia, during the last 300 years inferred from pollen and Pediastrum green algae records (2015)
    Sage Publications
    In:  EPIC3The Holocene, Sage Publications, ISSN: 0959-6836
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-08-12
    Description: Siberian arctic vegetation and lake water communities, known for their temperature dependence, are expected to be particularly impacted by recent climate change and high warming rates. However, decadal information on the nature and strength of recent vegetation change and its time lag to climate signals are rare. In this study, we present a 210Pb/ 137Cs dated pollen and Pediastrum species record from a unnamed lake in the south of the Taymyr peninsula covering the period from AD 1706 to 2011. Thirty-nine palynomorphs and 10 morphotypes of Pediastrum species were studied to assess changes in vegetation and lake conditions as probable responses to climate change. We compared the pollen record with Pediastrum species, which we consider to be important proxies of climate changes. Three pollen assemblage zones characterised by Betula nana, Alnus viridis and Larix gmelinii (1706–1808); herbs such as Cyperaceae, Artemisia or Senecio (1808–1879), and higher abundance of Larix pollen (1955–2011) are visible. Also, three Pediastrum assemblage zones show changes of aquatic conditions: higher abundances of Pediastrum boryanum var. brevicorne (1706–1802); medium abundances of P. kawraiskyi and P. integrum (1802–1840 and 1920–1980), indicating cooler conditions while less eutrophic conditions are indicated by P. boryanum , and a mainly balanced composition with only small changes of cold- and warm-adapted Pediastrum species (1965–2011). In general, compositional Pediastrum species turnover is slightly higher than that indicated by pollen data (0.54 vs 0.34 SD), but both are only minor for this treeline location. In conclusion, the relevance of differentiation of Pediastrum species is promising and can give further insights into the relationship between lakes and their surrounding vegetation transferred onto climatic conditions.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 4
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    Middle- to late-Holocene relative sea-level changes at Puerto Deseado (Patagonia, Argentina) (2015)
    Sage Publications
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-06-10
    Description: Stratigraphic, morphologic and radiocarbon data from Puerto Deseado coastal area (Santa Cruz Province, Argentina) indicate that the Holocene coastline formed in response to the discontinuous aggradation of coarse gravely beaches since c. 6300 cal. yr BP related to a progressive falling of relative sea level. Beach ridge crests crudely approximate to the sea level showing at least three steps of aggradation and relative sea-level lowering. Two inactive abrasive notches at c. 7.9 and 3.4 m a.s.l. have recorded this sea-level trend, suggesting two important phases when sea level was stationary. This allows the estimation of a rate of relative sea-level fall in the last c. 3500 years of c. 1.8 mm/yr. Moreover, notches and morphological data indicate that the crest of the beach ridges exceeded the sea-level height by c. 2 ± 0.5 m. This value provides a reasonable regional estimate to be applied to produce comparable relative sea-level curve for Atlantic Patagonia coast.
    Description: Published
    Description: 307-317
    Description: 4A. Clima e Oceani
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: abrasive notches, Argentina, beach ridges, middle to late Holocene, Patagonia, relative sea level ; 01. Atmosphere::01.01. Atmosphere::01.01.02. Climate
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 5
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    Spatiotemporal trend analysis of climate indices for the European continent (2023)
    IWA Publishing
    In:  EPIC3Journal of Water and Climate Change, IWA Publishing, 14(9), pp. 3112-3130, ISSN: 2040-2244
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-22
    Description: The objective of this study is to analyze and visualize the spatial distribution of trends for 74 climate indices on a monthly time-scale in direction, magnitude, and significance level at a resolution of 0.1° during the period of 1950–2021 over the European region. The Mann–Kendall and Sen’s slope estimators reveal that growing degree days with mean air temperature 〉4 °C (gd4) and heating degree days with mean air temperature 〈17 °C (hd17) show the largest increase (0.93 °C August) and decrease (1.03 °C July), respectively. The universal thermal climate index (utci), relative humidity (rh), wind chill index (wci), global radiation (bio20), and potential evapotranspiration (pet) are of significant importance due to higher correlation and magnitude of change. Country-specific zoning shows the highest warmer days during August experienced by Bosnia and Herzegovina (southeastern Europe) and lower colder days during January by Belarus (eastern Europe). High wind and high utci were experienced by Liechtenstein (southeastern Europe) region during July. The highest wci was experienced by San Marino (southern Europe) in June and Portugal (southern Europe) in March. Bio20 and rh decline were experienced by Russia (eastern Europe) and Moldova (southeastern Europe) in May and September, respectively. Results are useful to mitigate the risk associated with each of the climate indices for specific European regions.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 6
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    New insights towards disinfecting viruses – short notes (2020)
    IWA Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-08-25
    Description: Water treatment specialists need more and more to understand how viruses behave in potable water pipes and wastewater setups. This work discusses the late advances in dealing with viruses present in water treatment processes. Activated carbon adsorption (ACA) remains one of the most efficient and credible physicochemical methods. Nanoparticles have been utilized to turn activated carbon into a more efficient sorbent. Membrane filtration could lead to total elimination of viruses and ensure the safety of drinking water plants. As a feasible utilization for disinfecting potable water, solar disinfection (SODIS) remains a green and cost-efficient technology with its optical and thermal pathways and deserves more interest in its large and industrial implementation. Identically, solar distillation remains a viable solution for disinfecting and treating water. The water treatment techniques that are currently utilized for surface water treatment are appropriate for eliminating viruses like influenza A viruses, as proved by the literature. More strict precautions have to be taken to secure viruses' total elimination from water and wastewater as for influenza A and H5N1 in terms of advanced oxidation processes, ACA, and membrane processes application. Before reaching surface water, pathogens have to be removed efficiently from hospital and municipal wastewaters.
    Print ISSN: 2220-1319
    Electronic ISSN: 2408-9370
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by IWA Publishing
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  • 7
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    Transient pressure behavior of horizontal well in gas reservoirs with arbitrary boundary (2020)
    Sage Publications
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-08-26
    Description: Transient pressure analysis is a crucial tool to forecast the production performance during the exploration and production process in gas reservoirs. Usually, a regular shaped outer boundary is assumed in previous studies for well-testing analysis, which is just a simplification of practical cases and cannot reflect the actual boundaries of reservoirs. In this paper, a mathematical model is established to analyze the transient pressure behaviors of a horizontal well in an arbitrarily shaped gas reservoir. Dimensionless treatment, Laplace transformation, and boundary element method are applied in solving the model, which is verified by comparing with the results from the source function method. Based on the Stehfest numerical inversion method, the models of single-porosity media and dual-porosity media are solved respectively. Then, the time-domain curves of pseudo pressure and its derivative are obtained, and the flow regimes are identified. Finally, the impacts of some critical parameters on pressure transient behaviors are analyzed, including storativity ratio, interporosity coefficient, well length, and well orientation. This paper presents an effective way to handle complex external boundary problems in gas reservoirs.
    Print ISSN: 0144-5987
    Electronic ISSN: 2048-4054
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Sage Publications
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  • 8
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    Nature Enhanced Meditation: Effects on Mindfulness, Connectedness to Nature, and Pro-Environmental Behavior (2020)
    Sage Publications
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-08-26
    Description: Previous research suggests that meditation, a mindfulness exercise, could result in increased connectedness to nature and pro-environmental behavior. Exposure to nature also is associated with these outcomes. It was hypothesized that meditation alongside stimuli reminiscent of the natural environment would produce enhanced effects. Participants ( N = 97) were randomly assigned to complete a 4-week online meditation program consisting of a guided meditation paired with either nature sounds (“nature group”) or spa-like sounds (“control group”). Mindfulness, connectedness to nature, and pro-environmental behavior were assessed before and after the program. Meditation, in general, produced increases in mindfulness, connectedness to nature, and pro-environmental behavior. Additionally, the nature group had a greater rate of change in connectedness to nature when compared to the control group. The results extend previous cross-sectional research by demonstrating the beneficial effects of meditation on pro-environmental behavior and its theorized mechanisms, which may be informative for future research and interventions.
    Print ISSN: 0013-9165
    Electronic ISSN: 1552-390X
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Psychology
    Published by Sage Publications
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  • 9
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    Energy-efficient chain-based data gathering applied to communicating concrete (2020)
    Sage Publications
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-08-01
    Description: Wireless Sensor Networks are very convenient to monitor structures or even materials, as in McBIM project (Materials communicating with the Building Information Modeling). This project aims to develop the concept of “communicating concretes,” which are concrete elements embedding wireless sensor networks, for applications dedicated to Structure Health Monitoring in the construction industry. Due to applicative constraints, the topology of the wireless sensor network follows a chain-based structure. Node batteries cannot be replaced or easily recharged, it is crucial to evaluate the energy consumed by each node during the monitoring process. This area has been extensively studied leading to different energy models to evaluate energy consumption for chain-based structures. However, no simple, practical, and analytical network energy models have yet been proposed. Energy evaluation models of periodic data collection for chain-based structures are proposed. These models are compared and evaluated with an Arduino XBee–based platform. Experimental results show the mean prediction error of our models is 5%. Realizing aggregation at nodes significantly reduces energy consumption and avoids hot-spot problem with homogeneous consumptions along the chain. Models give an approximate lifetime of the wireless sensor network and communicating concretes services. They can also be used online by nodes for a self-assessment of their energy consumptions.
    Print ISSN: 1550-1329
    Electronic ISSN: 1550-1477
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Published by Sage Publications
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  • 10
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    The Behavioral Response to Increased Pedestrian and Staying Activity in Public Space: A Field Experiment (2020)
    Sage Publications
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-08-29
    Description: William Whyte originally hypothesized that the presence of people in a public space would attract more people. Contemporary planners now refer to “sticky streets” as places where pedestrians are compelled to linger and enjoy vibrant public life. We test the hypothesis that adding users to a public space will attract more people using an experimental design with confederates to add pedestrian movement and staying activity in a residential street for 45 randomly selected hours. We observed staying behavior by gender with and without our intervention. We find that the addition of public users reduced the total number of people staying in our study area, especially among women. We find that women’s right to the city may be constrained by the mere presence of other individuals, even in safe spaces and during daylight hours. Our findings suggest that Whyte’s claim is not universal, but depends on the conditions of a particular site.
    Print ISSN: 0013-9165
    Electronic ISSN: 1552-390X
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Psychology
    Published by Sage Publications
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