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  • 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.01. Earthquake geology and paleoseismology  (27)
  • 04.08. Volcanology
  • Data analysis / ~ processing
  • Stress
  • INGV  (33)
  • Wiley  (15)
  • Inst. f. Geophys., Ruhr-Univ. Bochum  (10)
  • International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
Collection
  • 1
    Publication Date: 2020-12-10
    Description: Tor Caldara natural reserve hosts the southernmost discharge of endogenous gas of Colli Albani volcano (mostly CO2 with a relevant H2S content up to 6.3 vol.%). Gas discharges in zones where past sulfur mining removed the impervious surficial cover (e.g. Miniera Grande and Miniera Piccola) and along tectonic fissures. A structural study of the reserve has shown the presence of two zones with different characteristics: prevailing directions NS and N30° in the northern zone; EW and N60° in the southern one. In MarchJuly 2012 a geochemical study was carried out, including a soil CO2 flux survey and continuous monitoring (from 2 to 11 days) of air concentration of CO2 and H2S in 12 sites of the reserve. Environmental parameters were also monitored. Total diffuse soil flux of endogenous CO2 was estimated to 17.48 ton*day1 from 1,259 measurements over a 0.47 km2 surface, with 6.56 ton*day1 only from Miniera Grande. This is the second highest value of soil CO2 flux at Miniera Grande, after that of 2005 (9.25 ton*day1) and is significantly higher than in 2009 (1.20 ton*day1). As both the 2005 and 2012 surveys were made shortly after earthquakes with epicentres near to Tor Caldara (max ML= 4.7 in 2005 and 3.5 in 2012), data confirm that soil CO2 flux increases during earthquakes because of seismic rock microfracturing and soil shaking. Hazardous air concentrations have been found only for H2S, up to immediately lethal values (5651,124 ppm) and with potentially lethal values (≥ 250 ppm) long persisting (up to 12h27’) in several no wind nights. Instead, the CO2 air concentration remained always well below dangerous levels (maximum recorded value = 2.1 vol.%). The most hazardous gas releasing sites were found in Miniera Grande and in a small pond NE of Miniera Piccola, where the carcasses of mammals and other small animals are frequently found. The killer gas is H2S, and the dangerous sites should be appropriately fenced to prevent access to people and animals.
    Description: Regione Lazio Civil Protection Department
    Description: Published
    Description: 1-48
    Description: 6A. Geochimica per l'ambiente e geologia medica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Tor Caldara gas hazard assessment; Soil CO2 flux; CO2 and H2S air concentration monitoring ; 04.08. Volcanology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2021-03-09
    Description: Mixed‐mode fluid‐filled cracks represent a common means of fluid transport within the Earth's crust. They often show complex propagation paths which may be due to interaction with crustal heterogeneities or heterogeneous crustal stress. Previous experimental and numerical studies focus on the interplay between fluid over-pressure and external stress but neglect the effect of other crack parameters. In this study, we address the role of crack length on the propagation paths in the presence of an external heterogeneous stress field. We make use of numerical simulations of magmatic dike and hydrofracture propagation, carried out using a two‐dimensional boundary element model, and analogue experiments of air‐filled crack propagation into a transparent gelatin block. We use a 3‐D finite element model to compute the stress field acting within the gelatin block and perform a quantitative comparison between 2‐D numerical simulations and experiments. We show that, given the same ratio between external stress and fluid pressure, longer fluid‐filled cracks are less sensitive to the background stress, and we quantify this effect on fluid‐filled crack paths. Combining the magnitude of the external stress, the fluid pressure, and the crack length, we define a new parameter, which characterizes two end member scenarios for the propagation path of a fluid‐filled fracture. Our results have important implications for volcanological studies which aim to address the problem of complex trajectories of magmatic dikes (i.e., to forecast scenarios of new vents opening at volcanoes) but also have implications for studies that address the growth and propagation of natural and induced hydrofractures.
    Description: Published
    Description: 2064–2081
    Description: 2V. Struttura e sistema di alimentazione dei vulcani
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Magmatic dykes ; hydrofractures ; Numerical symulations ; Analogue experiments ; 04.08. Volcanology ; 05.05. Mathematical geophysics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2021-06-30
    Description: The NNE-trending Yangsan Fault (YSF) is the most prominent fault in the southeastern part of the Korean Peninsula and has a continuous trace about 200 km long. Activity on this fault was recently investigated using aerial photographs, topographic analysis, and trenching. The geomorphologic evidence of Late Quaternary faulting is clearly recognized on both the northern (Yugyeri and Tosung-ri areas) and southern parts (Eonyang to Tongdosa area) of the fault. The main YSF is marked by a zone of shattered rock that is tens of meters wide and zone of fault gouge. During the Late Quaternary, right-lateral movement occurred mainly on the southern part, as shown by lowangle striations on the fault plane, elongation of deformation features in the fault gouge. The estimated vertical slip rate is about 0.02-0.07 mm/yr, and the lateral slip rate may be several times larger than the vertical rate. The most recent event occurred prior to deposition of Holocene alluvium. In the northern part, the fault locally changes trend to almost N-S, dips to the east and has reverse movement. The average vertical slip rate is estimated less than 0.1 mm/yr. The most recent event probably occurred after 1314 cal. years BP (A.D. 536).
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Yangsan Fault (YSF) ; Korean Peninsula ; averge slip rate ; most recent event ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.01. Earthquake geology and paleoseismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
    Format: 1191475 bytes
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2021-01-11
    Description: Although the Altyn Tagh Fault (ATF) is thought to play a key role in accommodating India-Eurasian convergence, little is known about its earthquake history. Studies of this strike-slip fault are important for interpretation of the role of faulting versus distributed deformation in the accommodation of the India- Eurasia collision. In addition, the 〉 1200 km long fault represents one of the most important and exemplary intracontinental strike-slip faults in the world. We mapped fault trace geometry and interpreted paleoseismic trench exposures to characterize the seismogenic behavior of the ATF. We identified 2 geometric segment boundaries in a 270 km long reach of the central ATF. These boundaries define the westernmost Wuzhunxiao, the Central Pingding, and the easternmost Xorxol (also written as Suekuli or Suo erkuli) segments. In this paper, we present the results from the Camel paleoseismic site along the Xorxol Segment at 91.759°E, 38.919°N. There evidence for the last two earthquakes is clear and 14C dates from layers exposed in the excavation bracket their ages. The most recent earthquake occurred between 1456 and 1775 cal A.D. and the penultimate event was between 60 and 980 cal A.D. Combining the Camel interpretations with our published results for the central ATF, we conclude that multiple earthquakes with shorter rupture lengths (?? 50 km) rather than complete rupture of the Xorxol Segment better explain the paleoseismic data. We found 2-3 earthquakes in the last 2-3 kyr. When coupled with typical amounts of slip per event (5-10 m), the recurrence times are tentatively consistent with 1-2 cm/yr slip rates. This result favors models that consider the broader distribution of collisional deformation, rather than those with northward motion of India into Asia absorbed along a few faults bounding rigid blocks.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: paleoseismology ; Altyn Tagh Fault ; strike-slip faults ; India-Eurasia collision ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.01. Earthquake geology and paleoseismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2021-06-16
    Description: The North Tabriz Fault is a major seismogenic fault in NW Iran. The last damaging earthquakes on this fault occurred in 1721, rupturing the southeastern fault segment, and in 1780, rupturing the northwestern one. The understanding of the seismic behavior of this fault is critical for assessing the hazard in Tabriz, one of the major cities of Iran; the city suffered major damage in both the 1721 and 1780 events. Our study area is located on the northwestern fault segment, west of the city of Tabriz. We performed geomorphic and trenching investigations, which allowed us to recognize evidence for repeated faulting events since the Late Pleistocene. From the trenches, we found evidence for at least four events during the past 3.6 ka, the most recent one being the 1780 earthquake. On the basis of different approaches, horizontal slip per event and slip rates are found in the ranges of 4 ± 0.5 m and 3.1-6.4 mm/yr, respectively. We also attempted an estimate of the average recurrence intervals which appears to be in the range 350-1430 years, with a mean recurrence interval of 821 ± 176 years. On the basis of these results, the northwestern segment of the North Tabriz Fault does not appear to present a major seismic potential for the near future, however, not enough is known about the southeastern segment of the fault to make a comparable conclusion.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: active tectonics ; paleoseismology ; Iran Tabriz ; earthquake ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.01. Earthquake geology and paleoseismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.07. Tectonics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2021-06-03
    Description: Il 6 Aprile 2009 un terremoto di Ml=5.8 (Mw=6.2) ha colpito L’Aquila e la media valle dell’Aterno in Abruzzo. In questo lavoro presentiamo in maniera sintetica i rilievi geologici effettuati in campagna dal gruppo di lavoro EmerGeo a seguito della sequenza sismica aquilana. Le attività di rilevamento condotte sono consistite principalmente nella verifica, definizione e caratterizzazione delle deformazioni cosismiche superficiali osservate lungo le strutture tettoniche note in letteratura; sono stati inoltre rilevati e riportati altri effetti cosismici locali (fratture su asfalto, frane e scivolamenti) non direttamente collegati alla presenza di strutture tettoniche. In totale sono stati rilevati oltre 300 punti di osservazione su una porzione di territorio estesa circa 900 km2. L’analisi preliminare dei rilievi effettuati indica che le rotture osservate lungo la faglia di Paganica, per la continuità e le caratteristiche, rappresentano l’espressione superficiale della faglia responsabile dell’evento del 6 aprile 2009, e che le rotture lungo le faglie di Bazzano e di Monticchio-Fossa possono rappresentare l’espressione in superficie di una struttura antitetica riattivata durante l’evento.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1-79
    Description: 3.2. Tettonica attiva
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Description: open
    Keywords: coseismic ruptures ; Central Apennines ; April, 6 2009 earthquake ; Aterno valley ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.01. Earthquake geology and paleoseismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2021-07-14
    Description: Archaeological exavations,undertaken since 2004 for the construction of the new Naples subway
    Description: Published
    Description: 542-557
    Description: 1V. Storia eruttiva
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: A.D.79 eruption ; compositional data analysis ; geoarchaeology ; 04.08. Volcanology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Rapid extension and active normal faulting in the western extremity of the Corinth Gulf are accompanied by fast coastal uplift.We investigate Pleistocene uplift west of Aigion, by attempting to date remains of marine terraces and sedimentary sequences by calcareous nannoplankton and U-series analyses. Net uplift initiated recently, due to abandonment of an older rift-bounding fault zone and increase in activity on the presently active, coastal fault zone. This change apparently coincides with an abrupt slow down (or, termination) of secondary fault block tilting within the broader hangingwall block of the older zone, indicated by an angular unconformity that dates in the early part ofMIS10 ( 390–350 ka BP, preferably, in the earlier part of this period). Net uplift driven by the coastal zone resulted in the formation of MIS9c (330 ka) and younger terraces. The formation of the unconformity and the initiation of net uplift coincide temporally with a 300–400 ka unconformity recognized by recent studies in a wide area offshore Aigion i.e. they could be part of an evolutionary event that affected the entirewestern part of the Corinth Rift or, a large area therein. Uplift rate estimates at four locations are discussed with reference to the morphotectonic context of differential uplift of secondary fault blocks, and the context of possible increase in uplift ratewith time. Themost reliable and most useful estimate for uplift rate at the longitude of the studied transect is 1.74–1.85mm/year (time-averaged estimate for the last 240 ka, based on calcareous nannoplankton and sequence-stratigraphic interpretation)
    Description: ‘3HAZ Corinth’ E.U. research project 004043 (GOCE)-3HAZ-Corinth
    Description: Published
    Description: 78 - 104
    Description: 3.2. Tettonica attiva
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: partially_open
    Keywords: coastal uplift ; marine terraces ; marine sequences ; deformation rate ; Pleistocene ; Corinth Gulf Reef ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.01. Earthquake geology and paleoseismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: Probabilistic seismic hazard analyses in Australia rely fundamentally on the assumption that earthquakes recorded in the past are indicative of where earthquakes will occur in the future. No attempt has yet been made to assess the potential contribution that data from active fault sources might make to the modelling process, despite successful incorporation of such data into United States and New Zealand hazard maps in recent years. In this paper we review the limited history of paleoseismological investigation in Australia and discuss the potential contribution of active fault source data towards improving our understanding of intraplate seismicity. The availability and suitability of Australian active fault source data for incorporation into future probabilistic hazard models is assessed, and appropriate methodologies for achieving this proposed.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: intraplate seismicity ; seismic hazard ; Australia ; paleoseismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.01. Earthquake geology and paleoseismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
    Format: 1069908 bytes
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: Lichenometry is a surface-exposure-dating procedure that complements traditional trench-and-date stratigraphic studies of earthquakes. Lichens on the surficial blocks of a slump in the Seaward Kaikoura Range, South Island, New Zealand provide precise, accurate (± 2 years) dating of 20 post-landslide rockfall events. The coseismic character of these rockfall events is apparent when ages of lichen-size peaks are compared with dates of historical earthquakes. Most local prehistoric lichen-size peaks are synchronous with peaks at other lichenometry sites in a 20 000 km2 region. Lichenometry may be the best paleoseismic tool for describing the extent and intensity of seismic shaking caused by prehistoric earthquakes, and for dating earthquakes generated by concealed thrust faults and subduction fault zones.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: earthquakes ; lichens ; paleoseismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.01. Earthquake geology and paleoseismology ; 05. General::05.04. Instrumentation and techniques of general interest::05.04.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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