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  • 01. Atmosphere::01.02. Ionosphere::01.02.99. General or miscellaneous  (22)
  • 04.08. Volcanology  (22)
  • Data analysis / ~ processing
  • INGV  (31)
  • Wiley  (10)
  • Springer-Nature  (7)
  • Inst. f. Geophys., Ruhr-Univ. Bochum
  • International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
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  • 1
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-12-10
    Beschreibung: Tor Caldara natural reserve hosts the southernmost discharge of endogenous gas of Colli Albani volcano (mostly CO2 with a relevant H2S content up to 6.3 vol.%). Gas discharges in zones where past sulfur mining removed the impervious surficial cover (e.g. Miniera Grande and Miniera Piccola) and along tectonic fissures. A structural study of the reserve has shown the presence of two zones with different characteristics: prevailing directions NS and N30° in the northern zone; EW and N60° in the southern one. In MarchJuly 2012 a geochemical study was carried out, including a soil CO2 flux survey and continuous monitoring (from 2 to 11 days) of air concentration of CO2 and H2S in 12 sites of the reserve. Environmental parameters were also monitored. Total diffuse soil flux of endogenous CO2 was estimated to 17.48 ton*day1 from 1,259 measurements over a 0.47 km2 surface, with 6.56 ton*day1 only from Miniera Grande. This is the second highest value of soil CO2 flux at Miniera Grande, after that of 2005 (9.25 ton*day1) and is significantly higher than in 2009 (1.20 ton*day1). As both the 2005 and 2012 surveys were made shortly after earthquakes with epicentres near to Tor Caldara (max ML= 4.7 in 2005 and 3.5 in 2012), data confirm that soil CO2 flux increases during earthquakes because of seismic rock microfracturing and soil shaking. Hazardous air concentrations have been found only for H2S, up to immediately lethal values (5651,124 ppm) and with potentially lethal values (≥ 250 ppm) long persisting (up to 12h27’) in several no wind nights. Instead, the CO2 air concentration remained always well below dangerous levels (maximum recorded value = 2.1 vol.%). The most hazardous gas releasing sites were found in Miniera Grande and in a small pond NE of Miniera Piccola, where the carcasses of mammals and other small animals are frequently found. The killer gas is H2S, and the dangerous sites should be appropriately fenced to prevent access to people and animals.
    Beschreibung: Regione Lazio Civil Protection Department
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 1-48
    Beschreibung: 6A. Geochimica per l'ambiente e geologia medica
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Schlagwort(e): Tor Caldara gas hazard assessment; Soil CO2 flux; CO2 and H2S air concentration monitoring ; 04.08. Volcanology
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-03-09
    Beschreibung: Mixed‐mode fluid‐filled cracks represent a common means of fluid transport within the Earth's crust. They often show complex propagation paths which may be due to interaction with crustal heterogeneities or heterogeneous crustal stress. Previous experimental and numerical studies focus on the interplay between fluid over-pressure and external stress but neglect the effect of other crack parameters. In this study, we address the role of crack length on the propagation paths in the presence of an external heterogeneous stress field. We make use of numerical simulations of magmatic dike and hydrofracture propagation, carried out using a two‐dimensional boundary element model, and analogue experiments of air‐filled crack propagation into a transparent gelatin block. We use a 3‐D finite element model to compute the stress field acting within the gelatin block and perform a quantitative comparison between 2‐D numerical simulations and experiments. We show that, given the same ratio between external stress and fluid pressure, longer fluid‐filled cracks are less sensitive to the background stress, and we quantify this effect on fluid‐filled crack paths. Combining the magnitude of the external stress, the fluid pressure, and the crack length, we define a new parameter, which characterizes two end member scenarios for the propagation path of a fluid‐filled fracture. Our results have important implications for volcanological studies which aim to address the problem of complex trajectories of magmatic dikes (i.e., to forecast scenarios of new vents opening at volcanoes) but also have implications for studies that address the growth and propagation of natural and induced hydrofractures.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 2064–2081
    Beschreibung: 2V. Struttura e sistema di alimentazione dei vulcani
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Schlagwort(e): Magmatic dykes ; hydrofractures ; Numerical symulations ; Analogue experiments ; 04.08. Volcanology ; 05.05. Mathematical geophysics
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-05-17
    Beschreibung: A comparison between two of the most used scintillation models and experimental data is presented. The experimental data have been derived from a GPS scintillation monitor developed at Cornell University and placed in Tucuman (Argentina), under the peak of the anomaly. The models used (GISM and WBMOD) have been run for the geophysical conditions corresponding to the measurements. The comparison is done by subdividing the information on the basis of an ionospheric grid of 5°×5° surface square boxes. The comparison has been performed for several local times, from 18 LT until 04 LT. Here, only a few cases of particular interest are shown. The goal is to understand if the models are able to forecast actual scintillation morphology (from the satellite navigation systems point of view) and if they could be used to yield an estimate of scintillation effects on satellite navigation systems.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: open
    Schlagwort(e): ionospheric scintillations ; scintillation models ; GPS ; SBAS ; 01. Atmosphere::01.02. Ionosphere::01.02.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
    Format: 637511 bytes
    Format: application/pdf
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 4
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-12-03
    Beschreibung: The global positioning system (GPS) phase scintillation caused by highlatitude ionospheric irregularities during an intense high-speed stream (HSS) of the solar wind from April 29 to May 5, 2011, was observed using arrays of GPS ionospheric scintillation and total electron content monitors in the Arctic and Antarctica. The one-minute phase-scintillation index derived from the data sampled at 50 Hz was complemented by a proxy index (delta phase rate) obtained from 1-Hz GPS data. The scintillation occurrence coincided with the aurora borealis and aurora australis observed by an all-sky imager at the South Pole, and by special sensor ultraviolet scanning imagers on board satellites of the Defense Meteorological Satellites Program. The South Pole (SP) station is approximately conjugate with two Canadian High Arctic Ionospheric Network stations on Baffin Island, Canada, which provided the opportunity to study magnetic conjugacy of scintillation with support of riometers and magnetometers. The GPS ionospheric pierce points were mapped at their actual or conjugate locations, along with the auroral emission over the South Pole, assuming an altitude of 120 km. As the aurora brightened and/or drifted across the field of view of the all-sky imager, sequences of scintillation events were observed that indicated conjugate auroras as a locator of simultaneous or delayed bipolar scintillation events. In spite of the greater scintillation intensity in the auroral oval, where phase scintillation sometimes exceeded 1 radian during the auroral break-up and substorms, the percentage occurrence of moderate scintillation was highest in the cusp. Interhemispheric comparisons of bipolar scintillation maps show that the scintillation occurrence is significantly higher in the southern cusp and polar cap.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: R0216
    Beschreibung: 1.7. Osservazioni di alta e media atmosfera
    Beschreibung: 3.9. Fisica della magnetosfera, ionosfera e meteorologia spaziale
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: open
    Schlagwort(e): Scintillations ; Solar-terrestrial interaction ; Space weather ; Solar variability and solar wind ; Magnetic storms ; 01. Atmosphere::01.02. Ionosphere::01.02.99. General or miscellaneous ; 01. Atmosphere::01.02. Ionosphere::01.02.05. Wave propagation ; 01. Atmosphere::01.02. Ionosphere::01.02.06. Instruments and techniques ; 01. Atmosphere::01.02. Ionosphere::01.02.07. Scintillations ; 05. General::05.07. Space and Planetary sciences::05.07.02. Space weather
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 5
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-07-14
    Beschreibung: Archaeological exavations,undertaken since 2004 for the construction of the new Naples subway
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 542-557
    Beschreibung: 1V. Storia eruttiva
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Schlagwort(e): A.D.79 eruption ; compositional data analysis ; geoarchaeology ; 04.08. Volcanology
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 6
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-11-04
    Beschreibung: Various modern applications of empirical electron density models need realistic structures of the electron density distribution with smaller scales than the model background. Travelling Ionospheric Disturbances (TIDs) produce three dimensional and time dependent disturbances of the background ionization. We present a TID model suitable to «modulate» large scale electron density distributions by multiplication. A model TID takes into account the forward tilt of the disturbance wave front, a distinct vertical structure, a fan type horizontal radiation characteristic, geometric dilution and attenuation. More complicated radiation patterns can be constructed by means of superposition. The model TIDs originate from source regions which can be chosen arbitrarily. We show examples for TID modulations of the background model family developed at Trieste and Graz (NeQuick, COSTprof and NeUoG-plas).
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: open
    Schlagwort(e): ionosphere ; electron density models ; Travelling Ionospheric Disturbances ; TID model ; 01. Atmosphere::01.02. Ionosphere::01.02.99. General or miscellaneous ; 01. Atmosphere::01.02. Ionosphere::01.02.05. Wave propagation
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
    Format: 1125979 bytes
    Format: application/pdf
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 7
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-06-17
    Beschreibung: Satellite‐based surveillance of volcanic hot spots and plumes can be coupled with modeling to allow ensemble‐based approaches to crisis response. We complete benchmark tests on an effusive crisis response protocol aimed at delivering product for use in tracking lava flows. The response involves integration of four models: MIROVA for discharge rate (TADR), the ASTER urgent response protocol for delivery of high‐spatial resolution satellite data, DOWNFLOW for flow path projections, and PyFLOWGO for flow run‐out. We test the protocol using the data feed available during Piton de la Fournaise’s April–May 2018 eruption, with product being delivered to the Observatoire du Piton de la Fournaise via Google Drive. The response was initialized by an alert at 19:50Z on 27 April 2018. Initially DOWNFLOW‐FLOWGO were run using TADRs typical of Piton de la Fournaise, and revealed that flow at 〉120 m 3 /s could reach the island belt road. The first TADR (10– 20 m 3 /s) was available at 09:55Z on 28 April, and gave flow run‐outs of 1180–2510 m. The latency between satellite overpass and TADR provision was 105 minutes, with the model result being posted 15 minutes later. An InSAR image pair was completed six hours after the eruption began, and gave a flow length of 1.8 km; validating the run‐out projection. Thereafter, run‐outs were updated with each new TADR, and checked against flow lengths reported from InSAR and ASTER mapping. In all, 35 TADRs and 15 InSAR image pairs were processed during the 35‐day‐long eruption, and 11 ASTER images were delivered.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: VO230
    Beschreibung: 5V. Processi eruttivi e post-eruttivi
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Schlagwort(e): 04.08. Volcanology
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 8
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: Radar technology has for a long time used various systems that allow detection under high-resolution conditions, while emitting at the same time low peak power. Among these systems, transmitted pulse encoding by means of biphasic codes has been used for the advanced ionospheric sounder that was developed by the AIS-INGV ionosonde. In the receiving process, suitable decoding of the signal must be accomplished. This can be achieved in both the time and the frequency domains. Focusing on the time domain, different approaches are possible. In this study, two of these approaches have been compared, using data acquired by the AIS-INGV and processed by means of software tools (mainly Mathcad©). The analysis reveals the differences under both noiseless and noisy conditions, although this does not allow the conclusive establishment as to which method is better, as each of them has benefits and drawbacks.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 1-11
    Beschreibung: 1.7. Osservazioni di alta e media atmosfera
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: open
    Schlagwort(e): Complementary code ; Correlation ; Pulse compression ; Ionosphere ; Radar ; Time domain ; 01. Atmosphere::01.02. Ionosphere::01.02.99. General or miscellaneous ; 01. Atmosphere::01.02. Ionosphere::01.02.06. Instruments and techniques
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 9
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-03-26
    Beschreibung: A lithoid tuff, found in 2011 (Ricci pit, Agro Pontino, Southern Lazio, Italy), was studied for its composition, origin and palaeogeographical implications. This tuff was the first occurrence of a Würmian-age tephra layer, encountered in the coastal basins of Southern Lazio. Based on its mineralogy and isotopic composition (Sr and Nd), its stratigraphic position and the pre- and post-depositional soil forma- tion and weathering, it was identified as a distal tephra deposit from the Colli Albani volcano, connected with the Albano 5-7 eruptive stage and dating from 40-36 ka BP. The lithoid tuff consists of tephra that were slightly reworked and subsequently lithified, when this central part of the Agro Pontino graben still consisted of a non-dissected, level lagoonal plain. The study confirms the earlier established importance of this tephra layer as stratigraphic marker for Central Italy, and shows that its distribution is wider than earlier assumed, notably to the SE of the Colli Albani volcano.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: S109
    Beschreibung: 1V. Storia eruttiva
    Beschreibung: 5V. Processi eruttivi e post-eruttivi
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Schlagwort(e): Geochronology ; Stratigraphy ; Volcanic rocks ; 04.08. Volcanology
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 10
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-03-26
    Beschreibung: Some researchers view radon emissions as a precursor to earthquakes, especially those of high magnitude [e.g., Wang et al., 2014; Lombardi and Voltattorni, 2010], but the debate in the scientific community about the applicability of the gas to surveillance systems remains open. Yet radon “works” at Italy’s Mount Etna, one of the world’s most active volcanoes, although not specifically as a precursor to earthquakes. In a broader sense, this naturally radioactive gas from the decay of uranium in the soil, which has been analyzed at Etna in the past few years, acts as a tracer of eruptive activity and also, in some cases, of seismic–tectonic phenomena. To deepen the understanding of tectonic and eruptive phenomena at Etna, scientists analyzed radon escaping from the ground and compared those data with measurements gathered continuously by instrumental networks on the volcano. Here Etna is a boon to scientists—it’s traced by roads, making it easy to access for scientific observation. Dense monitoring networks, managed by the Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Catania–Osservatorio Etneo (INGV-OE), have been continuously observing the volcano for more than 40 years. This continuous dense monitoring made the volcano the perfect open-air laboratory for deciphering how eruptive activity may influence radon emissions.
    Beschreibung: This work was supported by the Mediterranean Supersite Volcanoes (MED-SUV) project, which has received funding from the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme for research, technological development, and demonstration under grant agreement 308665.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 7
    Beschreibung: 4V. Processi pre-eruttivi
    Beschreibung: N/A or not JCR
    Schlagwort(e): Radon ; seismic activity ; Etna ; volcanic activity ; 04.08. Volcanology
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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