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  • Books  (839)
  • sustainability  (458)
  • RC321-571  (381)
  • MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute  (451)
  • Frontiers Media SA  (385)
  • Firenze University Press  (3)
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  • Books  (839)
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: It has become more evident that many microalgae respond very differently than land plants to diverse stimuli. Therefore, we cannot reduce microalgae biology to what we have learned from land plants biology. However, we are still at the beginning of a comprehensive understanding of microalgae biology. Microalgae have been posited several times as prime candidates for the development of sustainable energy platforms, making thus the in-depth understanding of their biological features an important objective. Thus, the knowledge related to the basics of microalgae biology must be acquired and shared rapidly, fostering the development of potential applications. Microalgae biology has been studied for more than forty years now and more intensely since the 1970’s, when genetics and molecular biology approaches were integrated into the research programs. Recently, studies on the molecular physiology of microalgae have provided evidences on the particularities of these organisms, mainly in model species, such as Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Of note, cellular responses in microalgae produce very interesting phenotypes, such as high lipid content in nitrogen deprived cells, increased protein content in cells under high CO2 concentrations, the modification of flagella structure and motility in basal body mutant strains, the different ancient proteins that microalgae uses to dissipate the harmful excess of light energy, the hydrogen production in cells under sulfur deprivation, to mention just a few. Moreover, several research groups are using high-throughput and data-driven technologies, including “omics” approaches to investigate microalgae cellular responses at a system-wide level, revealing new features of microalgae biology, highlighting differences between microalgae and land plants. It has been amazing to observe the efforts towards the development and optimization of new technologies required for the proper study of microalgae, including methods that opened new paths to the investigation of important processes such as regulatory mechanisms, signaling crosstalk, chemotactic mechanisms, light responses, chloroplast controlled mechanisms, among others. This is an exciting moment in microalgae research when novel data are been produced and applied by research groups from different areas, such as bioprocesses and biotechnology. Moreover, there has been an increased amount of research groups focused in the study of microalgae as a sustainable source for bioremediation, synthesis of bioproducts and development of bioenergy. Innovative strategies are combining the knowledge of basic sciences on microalgae into their applied processes, resulting in the progression of many applications that hopefully, will achieve the necessary degree of optimization for economically feasible large-scale applications. Advances on the areas of basic microalgae biology and novelties on the essential cellular processes were revealed. Progress in the applied science showed the use of the basic science knowledge into fostering translational research, proposing novel strategies for a sustainable world scenario. In this present e-book, articles presented by research groups from different scientific areas showed, successfully, the increased development of the microalgae research. Herewith, you will find articles ranging from bioprospecting regional microalgae species, through advances in microalgae molecular physiology to the development of techniques for characterization of biomass and the use of biomass into agriculture and bioenergy production. This e-book is an excellent source of knowledge for those working with microalgae basic and applied sciences, and a great opportunity for researchers from both areas to have an overview of the amazing possibilities we have for building an environmentally sustainable future once the knowledge is translated into novel applications.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; TP248.13-248.65 ; QK1-989 ; Q1-390 ; Biotechnology ; biomass ; Hydrogen ; bioenergy ; Nutrients ; Lipids ; Microalgae ; Biofuels ; sustainability ; Carbon Dioxide ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
    Language: English
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  • 2
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-02-01
    Description: To be competitive, companies must develop capabilities that allow them to react rapidly to market demands. The innovation methods of the past are not adapted to the turbulence of the modern world. In the last decade, increasing globalization of markets and Industry 4.0 have caused profound changes in the best way to manage the innovation process. This e-book includes a collection of thirteen papers that discuss theoretical approaches, case studies, and surveys focused on issues related to open innovation and its mechanisms.
    Keywords: eco-innovation ; cleaner production ; strategy ; performance ; natural resource-based view ; stakeholder theory ; decision making ; forest management ; Nash Bayesian Equilibrium (NBE) ; Harsanyi’s Transformation (HT) ; risk management ; project management ; sustainability ; social network analysis ; collaborative networks ; project lifecycle ; project critical success factors ; open innovation ; predictive model ; project outcome likelihood ; organizational competencies ; innovation ecosystem ; evolutionary economics ; Panarchy ; resilience ; adaptation ; competitiveness ; innovation ; new products ; functional framework ; SIFSNPIP ; case studies ; ecosystem ; organic wine ; Tuscany ; virtual enterprise ; fuzzy logic ; systems engineering ; entrepreneurship ; technopreneurial intentions ; grand challenges ; innovation ecosystems ; mission-oriented innovation ; SDGs ; sustainable innovation ; systematic literature review ; SLR ; transformative innovation ; typology ; architecture engineering and construction (AEC) industry ; building information modelling (BIM) ; cultivation ; Technological Readiness Level ; smart farming ; viticulture ; lean ; business model canvas ; circular economy ; user integration ; cars ; electric vehicles ; biofuels ; logit models ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues
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  • 3
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-01-05
    Description: The purpose of this Special Issue was to collect and present research results and experiences on energy supply in the Visegrad Group countries. This research considers both macroeconomic and microeconomic aspects. It was important to determine how the V4 countries deal with energy management, how they have undergone or are undergoing energy transformation and in what direction they are heading. The articles concerned aspects of the energy balance in the V4 countries compared to the EU, including the production of renewable energy, as well as changes in its individual sectors (transport and food production). The energy efficiency of low-emission vehicles in public transport and goods deliveries are also discussed, as well as the energy efficiency of farms and energy storage facilities and the impact of the energy sector on the quality of the environment.
    Keywords: energy supplies ; energy security ; energy market ; EU countries ; Hellwig’s method ; sustainability strategies ; sustainable development ; Visegrád Group ; sustainable strategic management ; the renewable energy sector ; energy use ; structures ; food production systems ; Visegrad Group ; energy mix ; renewables ; energy in transport ; energetic efficiency ; energy sources ; economic growth ; developing and developed countries ; energy sector ; environmental quality ; renewable energy sources (RES) ; nuclear energy ; southeastern Poland ; sustainability ; renewable energy sources ; European Union ; cluster analysis ; Visegrad Group countries ; fuels ; cointegration ; Granger causality ; electricity prices ; households ; directions of price changes ; biogas energy ; solar energy ; hybrid biogas plant ; renewable energy ; circular economy ; off-grid systems ; energy efficiency ; social and economic aspects of energy ; economic efficiency ; low emissions ; zero emissions ; e-commerce ; last mile ; parcel lockers ; efficiency of logistics processes ; economies of scale ; simulation of logistics processes ; COVID-19 ; BESS management ; price arbitration ; shift load ; microgrid ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: In the past two decades there have been significant advances made in understanding the cellular and molecular alterations that occur with brain ageing, as well as with our understanding of age-related brain diseases. Ageing is associated with a mid-life decline in many cognitive domains (eg. Attention, working memory, episodic memory) that progresses with advancing age and which may be potentiated by a variety of diseases. However, despite the breadth of attempts to explain it, the underlying basis for age-related memory impairment remains poorly understood. Both normal and “pathological” ageing (as in age-related neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease) may be associated with overlapping and increased levels of “abnormal” pathology, and this may be a potential mediator of cognitive decline in both populations. An emerging hypothesis in this field is that metal ion dys/homeostasis may represent a primary unifying mechanism to explain age- and disease-associated memory impairment – either indirectly via an effect on disease pathogenesis, or by a direct effect on signaling pathways relevant to learning and memory. There remains a concerted worldwide effort to deliver an effective therapeutic treatment for cognitive decline associated with ageing and/or disease, which is currently an unmet need. There have been numerous clinical trials conducted specifically testing drugs to prevent cognitive decline and progression to dementia, but to date the results have been less than impressive, highlighting the urgent need for a greater understanding of the neurobiological basis of memory impairment in ageing and disease which can then drive the search for effective therapeutics.
    Keywords: RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; Down Syndrome ; Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ; Parkinson's disease ; aluminium ; Iron ; TBI ; Cognition ; Copper ; Alzheimer's disease ; Zinc ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Neuromorphic engineering has just reached its 25th year as a discipline. In the first two decades neuromorphic engineers focused on building models of sensors, such as silicon cochleas and retinas, and building blocks such as silicon neurons and synapses. These designs have honed our skills in implementing sensors and neural networks in VLSI using analog and mixed mode circuits. Over the last decade the address event representation has been used to interface devices and computers from different designers and even different groups. This facility has been essential for our ability to combine sensors, neural networks, and actuators into neuromorphic systems. More recently, several big projects have emerged to build very large scale neuromorphic systems. The Telluride Neuromorphic Engineering Workshop (since 1994) and the CapoCaccia Cognitive Neuromorphic Engineering Workshop (since 2009) have been instrumental not only in creating a strongly connected research community, but also in introducing different groups to each other’s hardware. Many neuromorphic systems are first created at one of these workshops. With this special research topic, we showcase the state-of-the-art in neuromorphic systems.
    Keywords: RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; neuromorphic engineering ; Learning ; Floating gate ; Neural Network ; spike-based ; event-based ; simulation ; dynamic vision sensor ; network ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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  • 6
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: This reprint addresses the relationship between education and sustainability from various perspectives. The main issues discussed in the 12 collected papers are concerned with (1) the quality of education, (2) SDG policy and implementation, (3) education and societal development, (4) students’ learning, and (5) global experience.
    Keywords: bridging academics ; regional sustainability ; knowledge diffusion ; public–private partnership ; multi-node knowledge link model ; stakeholders ; paradox of Chinese learners ; learning concept ; virtue model ; mind model ; Confucian culture ; mindset intervention ; interaction ; iterative process ; persuasive ; stealthy ; education for sustainable development ; China ; education policy ; sustainable development ; ESD ; SDGs ; sustainability ; higher education ; indicators ; rankings ; assessment ; university rankings ; green universities ; green campus ; education ; learning ; educational innovation ecosystem ; education sustainability ; university-industry collaboration ; Chinese higher education ; digital age ; talents cultivation ; information literacy ; online learning process ; innovation performance ; nature education ; urban residents ; perception ; survey ; sustainable growth ; social-emotional skills ; self-management skills ; solution-focused ; Kids’Skills method ; education partnership assistance ; common prosperity ; balanced and sustainable development ; capacity building ; professional learning communities in interdisciplinary subjects ; teachers’ professional development ; teacher learning ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education
    Language: English
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  • 7
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    Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Despite the importance of mathematics in our educational systems little is known about how abstract mathematical thinking emerges. Under the uniting thread of mathematical development, we hope to connect researchers from various backgrounds to provide an integrated view of abstract mathematical cognition. Much progress has been made in the last 20 years on how numeracy is acquired. Experimental psychology has brought to light the fact that numerical cognition stems from spatial cognition. The findings from neuroimaging and single cell recording experiments converge to show that numerical representations take place in the intraparietal sulcus. Further research has demonstrated that supplementary neural networks might be recruited to carry out subtasks; for example, the retrieval of arithmetic facts is done by the angular gyrus. Now that the neural networks in charge of basic mathematical cognition are identified, we can move onto the stage where we seek to understand how these basics skills are used to support the acquisition and use of abstract mathematical concepts.
    Keywords: RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; Neuroimaging ; development ; numerosity ; gifted ; Mathematical Cognition ; algebra ; abstract ; Expertise ; Arithmetic ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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  • 8
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-08-08
    Description: The World Health Organization recommends the consumption of plant foods instead of animal-origin foods due to their high levels of saturated fat and cholesterol. Consumption of plant products has led to research on the beneficial properties of their components beyond basic nutrients. Vegetable-derived peptides have shown multifunctional effects related to chronic diseases, attracting interest from the food, nutraceutical, and pharmaceutical industries. This reprint highlights studies on various vegetable extracts, such as chestnut, quinoa, amaranth, buckwheat, and Protium heptaphyllum gum resin, which have demonstrated antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and cholesterol-regulating properties. Specific compounds derived from plants, such as methyl p-coumarate and lupin protein hydrolysate, have shown effectiveness in reducing inflammation and anxiety, respectively. A vegetable extract of rosemary has been studied for its potential to treat osteogenesis imperfecta. Moreover, this repprint reviews Lycium barbarum berries, essential oils from Annonaceae species, antioxidant compounds, phytosterols, and natural compounds for the prevention and treatment of oral mucositis was discussed. Overall, these studies suggest that vegetable-derived bioactive compounds could serve as new nutraceuticals to prevent and treat a wide range of chronic diseases.
    Keywords: hypercholesterolemia ; gene expression ; HMGCR ; PCSK9 ; PPARα ; enzymatic activity ; molecular docking ; statin ; monacolin ; breu branco ; seed storage proteins ; peptides ; anti-inflammatory ; antioxidant ; trypsin inhibitors ; quinoa ; amaranth ; buckwheat ; in vitro gastro-intestinal digestion ; natural products ; Brazilian species ; essential oil ; applications ; phytosterols ; neurodegeneration ; Alzheimer’s disease ; blood brain barrier ; obesity ; oxidative stress ; dyslipidemia ; diabetes ; enzyme-assisted extraction ; plant material ; phenolic compounds ; oligosaccharides ; prebiotic ; nanocellulose ; nanofibers ; fermentation ; sustainability ; cancer ; drug delivery ; oral mucositis ; treatment ; lupin ; protein hydrolysates ; anxiety ; ApoE−/− ; functional foods ; peptidomics ; rosemary extract ; collagen type I ; unfolded protein response ; autophagy ; proteasome ; skin fibroblasts ; apoptosis ; osteogenesis imperfecta ; asthma ; methyl p-coumarate ; Th2 cytokines ; eosinophil ; NF-κB ; Castanea sativa shells ; Subcritical Water Extraction (SWE) ; antimicrobial activity ; goji berries ; pro-healthy effects ; phenolics ; biological properties ; functional ingredients ; in vitro cultures ; Ruta montana ; coumarins ; alkaloids ; antibiofilm formation ; antibacterial activity ; antioxidant activity ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFC Cultural studies::JFCV Food & society
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  • 9
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-01-31
    Keywords: achieving better buildings ; productivity ; improving the performance of materials ; housing needs ; improving the performance of existing buildings ; sustainability ; building better cities and communities
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  • 10
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-23
    Description: This Special Issue includes contributions about occupants’ sustainable living in buildings and communities, highlighting issues surrounding the sustainable development of our environments and lives by emphasizing smart and green design perspectives. This Special Issue specifically focuses on research and case studies that develop promising methods for the sustainable development of our environment and identify factors critical to the application of a sustainable paradigm for quality of life from a user-oriented perspective. After a rigorous review of the submissions by experts, fourteen articles concerning sustainable living and development are published in this Special Issue, written by authors sharing their expertise and approaches to the concept and application of sustainability in their fields. The fourteen contributions to this special issue can be categorized into four groups, depending on the issues that they address. All the proposed methods, models, and applications in these studies contribute to the current understanding of the adoption of the sustainability paradigm and are likely to inspire further research addressing the challenges of constructing sustainable buildings and communities resulting in a sustainable life for all of society.
    Keywords: sustainability ; regionalism ; climate ; unit plan ; apartment ; Singapore ; Korea ; sustainable architecture ; space syntax ; partitioning theory ; total depth ; intelligibility ; movement economies ; architecture ; building performance simulation ; performance-based design ; agent-based model ; Gaussian process ; electroencephalography ; virtual reality ; monument architecture ; stress ; data visualization ; deep learning ; smart building ; interactive experience ; “five senses” interaction ; people-oriented ; embedding ; recommender system ; collaborative filtering ; housing preference ; housing decision ; human behavior simulation ; virtual users ; social sustainability ; performance analysis ; evaluation method ; architectural design education ; eye tracking ; virtual environment ; street robbery ; CPTED ; crime prevention ; fixation count ; people with physical disabilities ; job retention ; path analysis ; perceived workplace safety ; workplace disability facilities ; work satisfaction ; social housing ; social economy actors ; Seoul ; South Korea ; sustainable development ; sustainable design ; energy efficiency ; public rental housing ; building simulation ; elderly ; biophilia ; biophilic experience ; smart home ; smart-home service ; service framework ; water distribution ; water war ; conflict ; ownership ; divided Cyprus ; blue-collar workers ; intervention study ; health promotion ; cardiovascular disease ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::A The Arts ; thema EDItEUR::A The Arts::AM Architecture
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  • 11
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-06-23
    Description: The sustainable management of water cycles is crucial in the context of climate change and global warming. It involves managing global, regional, and local water cycles, as well as urban, agricultural, and industrial water cycles, to conserve water resources and their relationships with energy, food, microclimates, biodiversity, ecosystem functioning, and anthropogenic activities. Hydrological modeling is indispensable for achieving this goal, as it is essential for water resources management and the mitigation of natural disasters. In recent decades, the application of artificial intelligence (AI) techniques in hydrology and water resources management has led to notable advances. In the face of hydro-geo-meteorological uncertainty, AI approaches have proven to be powerful tools for accurately modeling complex, nonlinear hydrological processes and effectively utilizing various digital and imaging data sources, such as ground gauges, remote sensing tools, and in situ Internet of Things (IoT) devices. The thirteen research papers published in this Special Issue make significant contributions to long- and short-term hydrological modeling and water resources management under changing environments using AI techniques coupled with various analytics tools. These contributions, which cover hydrological forecasting, microclimate control, and climate adaptation, can promote hydrology research and direct policy making toward sustainable and integrated water resources management.
    Keywords: ANN ; roadside IoT sensors ; simulations of the gridded rainstorms ; 2D inundation simulation and real-time error correction ; weather types and features ; meteorological feature extraction ; artificial neural network ; self-organizing map (SOM) ; urban agriculture ; resource utilization efficiency ; urban northern Taiwan ; machine learning ; random forest ; regression analysis ; support vector machine ; threshold rainfall ; threshold runoff ; XGBoost ; stochastic rainfall generator ; Huff rainfall curve ; copula ; GeoAI ; artificial intelligence ; hydrological ; hydraulic ; fluvial ; water quality ; geomorphic ; modeling ; anomaly detection ; deep reinforcement learning ; telemetry water level ; time series ; ensemble ; multi-model ensemble ; precipitation ; forecasting ; persian gulf ; deep learning ; dam inflow ; RNN ; LSTM ; GRU ; hyperparameter ; rainfall time series ; artificial neural networks ; Multiple Linear Regression ; Chania ; CNN ; ELM ; temporary rivers ; hydrological extremes ; multivariate stochastic model ; autoregressive model ; Markov model ; daily temperature ; temperature generator ; Bayesian neural network ; forecasting uncertainty ; multi-step ahead forecasting ; probabilistic streamflow forecasting ; variational inference ; smart microclimate-control system (SMCS) ; system dynamics ; water–energy–food nexus ; agricultural resilience ; hydroinformatics ; hydrological modeling ; early warning ; uncertainty ; sustainability
    Language: English
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  • 12
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    Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Glial cells are no longer considered passive bystanders in neuronal brain circuits. Not only are they required for housekeeping and brain metabolism, they are active participants in regulating the physiological function and plasticity of brain circuits and the online control of behavior both in invertebrate and vertebrate model systems. In invertebrates, glial cells are essential for normal function of sensory organs (C. elegans) and necessary for the circadian regulation of locomotor activity (D. melanogaster). In the mamallian brain, astrocytes are implicated in the regulation of cortical brain rhythms and sleep homeostasis. Disruption of AMPA receptor function in a subset of glial cell types in mice shows behavioral deficits. Furthermore, genetic disruption of glial cell function can directly control behavioral output. Regulation of ionic gradients by glia can underlie bistability of neurons and can modulate the fidelity of synaptic transmission. Grafting of human glial progenitor cells in mouse forebrain results in human glial chimeric mice with enhanced plasticity and improved behavioral performance, suggesting that astrocytes have evolved to cope with information processing in more complex brains. Taken together, current evidence is strongly suggestive that glial cells are essential contributors to information processing in the brain. This Research Topic compiles recent research that shows how the molecular mechanisms underlying glial cell function can be dissected, reviews their impact on plasticity and behavior across species and presents novel approaches to further probe their function.
    Keywords: RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; Cerebellum ; C. elegans ; Astrocytes ; DREADD ; Cortex ; plasticity ; Gq ; Behavior ; glia ; Hippocampus ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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  • 13
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: Anthropogenic and natural disturbances to freshwater quantity and quality are a greater issue for society than ever before. To successfully restore water resources requires understanding the interactions between hydrology, climate, land use, water quality, ecology, and social and economic pressures. This Special Issue of Water includes cutting edge research broadly addressing investigative areas related to experimental study designs and modeling, freshwater pollutants of concern, and human dimensions of water use and management. Results demonstrate the immense, globally transferable value of the experimental watershed approach, the relevance and critical importance of current integrated studies of pollutants of concern, and the imperative to include human sociological and economic processes in water resources investigations. In spite of the latest progress, as demonstrated in this Special Issue, managers remain insufficiently informed to make the best water resource decisions amidst combined influences of land use change, rapid ongoing human population growth, and changing environmental conditions. There is, thus, a persistent need for further advancements in integrated and interdisciplinary research to improve the scientific understanding, management, and future sustainability of water resources.
    Keywords: physical habitat ; aquatic ecology ; stream health ; environmental flows ; land use ; hydrology ; hydroecology ; ecohydrology ; climate change ; Appalachia ; reforestation ; land use-land cover ; land-atmosphere coupling ; water quality ; environmental perceptions ; human dimensions ; spatial models ; socioeconomics ; urban watershed management ; municipal watershed ; water quality impairment ; collaborative adaptive management ; water resources ; urban watersheds ; endocrine disrupting chemical ; opioid ; pathway analysis ; ontology ; metabolomics ; decision-making ; logit regression ; farmer perceptions ; social networks ; public funds ; water conservation adoption ; good governance ; sanitation ; sustainability ; water supply ; water-saving agriculture ; Chinese provincial input efficiency ; three-stage DEA model ; environmental variables ; Boufakrane river watershed ; remote sensing ; LULCC ; water balances ; vulnerability ; total dissolved solids ; drinking water ; Appalachian Mountains ; streamflow sensitivity ; water security ; water balance partitioning ; Budyko ; Escherichia coli ; Suspended particulate matter ; Water quality ; Land use practices ; Watershed management ; basin ; hydrologic model ; reaeration rates ; stream metabolism ; watershed ; physicochemistry ; land use practices ; experimental watershed ; suspended particulate matter ; stream water temperature ; watershed management ; bacteria ; land-use practices ; environmental persistence ; saturated hydraulic conductivity ; pedotransfer function ; model validation ; Chesapeake Bay Watershed ; experimental watershed study ; human dimensions of water ; watershed modeling ; hydrological modeling ; water pollutants ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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  • 14
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: In this EBook, we highlight how newly emerging techniques for non-invasive manipulation of the human brain, combined with simultaneous recordings of neural activity, contribute to the understanding of brain functions and neural dynamics in humans. A growing body of evidence indicates that the neural dynamics (e.g., oscillations, synchrony) are important in mediating information processing and networking for various functions in the human brain. Most of previous studies on human brain dynamics, however, show correlative relationships between brain functions and patterns of neural dynamics measured by imaging methods such as electroencephalography (EEG), magnetoencephalography (MEG), near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), positron emission tomography (PET) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). In contrast, manipulative approaches by non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) have been developed and extensively used. These approaches include transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and transcranial electric stimulation (tES) such as transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), alternating current stimulation (tACS), and random noise stimulation (tRNS), which can directly manipulate neural dynamics in the intact human brain. Although the neural-correlate approach is a strong tool, we think that manipulative approaches have far greater potential to show causal roles of neural dynamics in human brain functions. There have been technical challenges with using manipulative methods together with imaging methods. However, thanks to recent technical developments, it has become possible to use combined methods such as TMS–EEG coregistration. We can now directly measure and manipulate neural dynamics and analyze functional consequences to show causal roles of neural dynamics in various brain functions. Moreover, these combined methods can probe brain excitability, plasticity and cortical networking associated with information processing in the intact human brain. The contributors to this EBook have succeeded in showcasing cutting-edge studies and demonstrate the huge impact of their approaches on many areas in human neuroscience and clinical applications.
    Keywords: RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; non-invasive brain stimulation NIBS ; TMS-EEG ; Transcranial magnetic stimulation TMS ; transcranial electric stimulation tES ; Coregistration ; Near-infrared spectroscopy NIRS ; Functional magnetic resonance imaging fMRI ; transcranial direct current stimulation tDCS ; transcranial alternating current stimulation tACS ; transcranial random noise stimulation tRNS ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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  • 15
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Bálint’s syndrome is named after the Hungarian physician who first reported a remarkable case of a man with complex visuospatial deficits following bilateral lesions within parietal and occipital cortex (Bálint, 1909). The syndrome has three primary symptoms: simultanagnosia (impaired spatial awareness of more than one object at time), optic ataxia (misreaching to visual targets) and ocular apraxia (described by Bálint as “psychic paralysis of gaze”). Balint’s patients not only cannot perceive more than one object at time and therefore show poor comprehension of multi-object visual scenes i.e. poor detection of all the objects present and difficulty in grasping the relationship between them; in addition they typically fail to reach towards location of the single object, which they can perceive. The deficit of the allocation of spatial attention in Balint’s syndrome has been linked to a problem in feature binding which results in illusory conjunctions. Patients with Balint’s syndrome also show deficits in global processing i.e. when integration of multiple local elements into global compound shapes is required. Consequently, Balint’s syndrome provides a unique opportunity to study the nature and neuroanatomy of human visuospatial processing, in particular multi-level object representation, spatial awareness and the distribution of visual attention. The studies collected here cover both the anatomical and the cognitive mechanisms of the different symptoms associated with the syndrome. Furthermore, the dissociations between the components of Bálints’ syndrome, in particular simultanagnosia and optic ataxia, can also co-occur with visual neglect and extinction and the different combinations of reported lesions raises a question about the status of the syndrome and whether it should be merely treated as a historical compilation of symptoms which may or may not coexist cohesively. This interesting argument is raised here.
    Keywords: RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; posterior cortical atrophy ; Balints syndrome ; optic ataxia ; Posterior parietal cortex ; simultanagnosia ; ocular apraxia ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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  • 16
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-23
    Description: This book is a compilation of 10 recently published academic articles addressing sustainable residential landscape design and planning across geographies, scales, and perspectives: from American rain garden design to South Korean urban forestry; from Mexican community open space design to Australian neighborhood park planning; and from Chinese urban design to Bolivian land-use change. This volume brings together authors from a growing community of landscape sustainability scholars of landscape architecture and architecture; planning and construction; ecology and horticulture; agricultural and environmental sciences; and health, exercise, and nutrition. In summary, these papers address facets of a fundamental challenge for the 21st century: the design and planning of sustainable and resilient human settlements.
    Keywords: NA1-9428 ; NX1-820 ; carbon reduction ; intergenerational engagement ; tree planting structure ; urban tree ; All-Area Integrated Development ; residential landscapes ; small towns ; rural landscape architecture ; urban commons ; demolition/relocation-oriented market model (D/RMM) ; parks ; youth at risk ; spatial theory ; wellbeing ; building energy saving ; Guatemala ; land use change ; new rural construction model (NRCM) ; substrate ; phosphorus ; green infrastructure ; Origin Farmer Indigenous Territory ; dwellings ; residential sustainability ; residential neighborhood parks ; sustainable livelihoods ; sustainability ; ecological priority ; CPTED ; ecological service ; circular economy ; action research ; urban villages transformation ; cohousing ; public space recovery ; Bolivian Amazon ; design model ; social sustainability ; community service learning ; rural revitalization ; China ; coordinated development of rural communities & ; shared resources ; rain gardens ; tactical urbanism ; climate sensitive design ; prevention of gender-based violence ; polyculture ; comfort ; Indigenous versus non-indigenous land-use ; bioretention ; monoculture ; landscape performance evaluation ; low impact development ; governance ; territory ; thema EDItEUR::A The Arts::AM Architecture
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  • 17
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-02-01
    Description: The book is intended to collect the recent contributions (either research or review papers) to the development of the “Materials Chemistry” research fields by the Editorial Board Members of the Materials Chemistry Section of Molecules. The aim is to present the recent progress in the fields and to highlight the key role of Materials Chemistry in a multidisciplinary research context.
    Keywords: hypergolic reactions ; sodium peroxide ; carbon nanosheets ; fullerols ; useful energy ; gold nanoparticles ; photothermal effect ; nanoink ; inkjet printing ; secure writing ; anti-counterfeit ; crosslinking polymerization (curing) ; decomposition ; degradation ; liquid and solid state ; phase transitions ; thermal analysis ; colloidal heterostructures ; seed mediated growth ; heterogeneous nucleation ; PbS/TiO2 heterostructure ; TiO2 nanocrystal defects ; antiferromagnet ; double perovskite ; high-κ dielectric ; nickel ; tellurium ; tungsten ; central nervous system (CNS) ; blood–brain barrier (BBB) ; self-assembled polymeric nanoparticles ; intranasal delivery ; biodistribution ; dendrimers ; microwaves ; hexaazatrinaphthylenes ; graphene nanoplatelets ; honeycomb structures ; modified couple stress theory ; quasi-3d hyperbolic shear deformation theory ; sandwich structures ; vibration analysis ; polymer-derived ceramics ; nanocomposites ; TiN ; TiC ; Si3N4 ; SiC ; structural properties ; cross-coupling reactions ; microwave irradiation ; ultrasounds ; mechanochemistry ; solvent-free ; water ; ionic liquids ; deep eutectic solvents ; sustainability ; nanomaterials ; electrochemical sensors ; hydroxycinnamic acids ; caffeine ; nitrite ; lead halide perovskites ; sensors ; photoluminescence ; amplified spontaneous emission ; thin films ; hybrid hydrogels ; controlled drug delivery ; protein crystallization ; lysozyme ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues
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  • 18
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The tale of cyclic GMP has been astonishing. Having overcome an initial disbelief, cyclic GMP has risen to its present eminence as a premium cellular signal transduction messenger of not only hormonal extracellular but also of the intracellular signals. This research topic focuses on the pathways and functions of membrane guanylate cyclases in different tissues of the body and their interplay with intracellular sensory signals where in many cases, cyclic GMP along with Ca2+ have taken on roles as synarchic co-messengers.
    Keywords: RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; Glaucoma ; Visceral Pain ; Calcium ; membrane guanylate cyclase ; ANF-RGC ; Gene Therapy ; Cyclic GMP ; synaptic plasticity ; trafficking ; ROS-GC ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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  • 19
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-02-01
    Description: This book is relevant to architects, urban designers, planners, and policy makers concerned with enhancing climate-sensitive urban form and planning. It discusses building and neighborhood design: layout and design features that maximize energy efficiency and thermal comfort without compromising the ability of other buildings to enjoy similar benefits; the use of interstitial spaces (piazzas, streets, and parks) to improve the microclimate at the neighbourhood-level; design intervention case studies; innovative uses of interstitial spaces to improve the local climate at the neighborhood level; and urban radiative cooling solutions to mitigate the unintended climate consequences of urban growth and suggestions for ways forward.
    Keywords: cooling effect ; urban park ; thermal comfort ; physiological equivalent temperature ; perceived thermal comfort ; urban heat island ; air temperature ; sustainable cities ; smart cities ; urban health ; global warming ; urban green spaces ; sustainable urban development ; climate change mitigation and adaptation ; urban resilience  ; heatwaves ; urban overheating ; urban heat island intensity ; energy budget equation ; sensible heat flux ; latent heat flux ; advective heat flux ; Australian climatic conditions ; coastal cities ; desert climate ; surface urban heat island effect ; land use/land cover ; partial least square regression ; nonlinear programming ; Shanghai ; China ; urban form ; urban microclimate design ; city ; sustainability ; sustainable development ; cool roof ; passive radiative cooling ; metamaterials ; prototype ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics::PHH Thermodynamics & heat
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  • 20
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: In the search for simple explanations of the natural world, its complicated textures are often filed down to a smoothened surface of our liking. The impetus for this Research Topic was borne out of a need to re-ignite interest in the complex – in this case in the context of ion channels in the nervous system. Ion channels are the large proteins that form regulated pores in the membranes of cells and, in the brain, are essential for the transfer, processing and storage of information. These pores full of twists and turns themselves are not just barren bridges into cells. More and more we are beginning to understand that ion channels are like bustling medieval bridges (packed with apartments and shops) rather than the more sleek modern variety – they are dynamic hubs connected with many structures facilitating associated activities. Our understanding of these networks continues to expand as our investigative tools advance. Together these articles highlight how the complexity of ion channel signaling nexuses is critical to the proper functioning of the nervous system.
    Keywords: RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; Nervous System ; Ion Channels ; Interactome ; cellular signaling ; Protein complexes ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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  • 21
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: This book brings together recent research related to urban resilience, in particular, taking into account climate change impacts and hydrological hazards. Due to the complexity of our cities, which are vulnerable and continuously evolving systems, urban resilience should be considered as a transversal and multi-sectorial issue, affecting different urban services, several hazards, and all the steps of the risk management cycle. Within this context, the different pieces of research that form this book deal with the topics of multi-risk and urban resilience assessment, analysis of cascading effects, and the proposal and prioritization of adaptation measures and strategies to cope with climate-related hazards through multi-criteria analysis.
    Keywords: RESCCUE project ; Electrical distribution network ; Flooding ; Risk Assessment ; city resiliency ; GIS model ; drought ; water scarcity ; water availability ; climate change ; hydrological modeling ; resilience ; flooding ; hazard mapping ; risk identification ; sustainability ; urban resilience ; traffic modelling ; resilience assessment ; urban services ; cities ; Ecosystem Services (ES) ; Nature-Based Solutions (NBS) ; Resilience Assessment Framework (RAF) ; stakeholders’ validation ; stormwater management and control ; depth‒damage curves ; urban floods ; properties ; claims ; flood expert surveyor ; fluvial ; pluvial ; tidal ; sewer ; flood ; risk ; modelling ; cascading effects ; urban flood ; water quality ; cost-benefit analysis ; combined sewer overflows ; climate change adaptation ; climate risk ; socio-economic assessment ; flood risk assessment ; 1D/2D hydrodynamic model ; Metro system ; subway ; urban mobility ; pluvial floods ; 1D/2D coupled models ; impact assessment ; adaptation strategies ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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  • 22
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Research during the past decade highlights the strong link between appetitive feeding behavior, reward and motivation. Interestingly, stress levels can affect feeding behavior by manipulating hypothalamic circuits and brain dopaminergic reward pathways. Indeed, animals and people will increase or decrease their feeding responses when stressed. In many cases acute stress leads to a decrease in food intake, yet chronic social stressors are associated to increases in caloric intake and adiposity. Interestingly, mood disorders and the treatments used to manage these disorders are also associated with changes in appetite and body weight. These data suggest a strong interaction between the systems that regulate feeding and metabolism and those that regulate mood. This Research Topic aims to illustrate how hormonal mechanisms regulate the nexus between feeding behavior and stress. It focuses on the hormonal regulation of hypothalamic circuits and/or brain dopaminergic systems, as the potential sites controlling the converging pathways between feeding behavior and stress.
    Keywords: RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; stress ; Obesity ; Dopamine ; Ghrelin ; Leptin ; Seasonal regulation ; feeding ; HPA axis ; Hypothalamus ; circadian rhythms ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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  • 23
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: This book covers the latest development of bioprocess technology including theoretical, numerical, and experimental approaches in biotechnology as well as green technology that bridge conventional practices and Industry 4.0. Bioprocessing is one of the key factors in several emerging industries of biofuels, used in the production of biogas, bioethanol, and biodiesel; industrial enzymes; waste management through biotechnology; new vaccines; and many more. It is hoped that the novel bioprocess and green biotechnologies presented in this book are useful in assisting the global community in working towards fulfilling the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) of the United Nations.
    Keywords: extraction ; leaf ; liquid biphasic flotation ; polygonum ; protein ; date fruits ; proximate analysis ; physico-chemical characteristics ; date sugar ; phytoconstituents ; amino acids ; biomaterials ; Ficus carica ; diabetes mellitus ; proteomics ; sperm quality ; bioeconomy ; bioprocesses ; applications ; policy ; social welfare ; sustainability ; nanofiltration ; lipase ; Fusarium heterosporum ; fatty acid methyl ester ; electronics package ; induction heating ; magnetic field ; electric field ; TM110 single-mode cavity ; solder ; eddy current ; GABA ; fermented food ; functional food ; non-protein amino acid ; soy sauce fermentation ; lignocellulosic biomass ; holocellulose ; CMC ; degree of substitution ; excipient ; non-edible ; oil ; biodiesel production ; fuel ; Lactobacillus isolation ; lag phase ; bacteria sequencing ; breast milk ; chitosan ; co-loaded nanoparticles ; hydrophobic modification ; l-ascorbic acid ; thymoquinone ; sustainable supply chain management (SSSCM) ; social sustainability ; qualitative research ; Pakistan ; biohydrogen production ; immobilised cells ; entrapment ; alginate ; activated carbon ; carbon dioxide ; culture media ; microorganism ; optimization ; plant growth promoting rhizobacteria ; oil palm seedlings nursery ; biofertilizers ; chemical fertilizer ; n/a ; sago hampas ; amylase ; cellulase ; substrate feeding ; saccharification ; biomass ; waste cooking oil ; green fuel ; biodiesel ; heterogeneous catalyst ; deoxygenation ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
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  • 24
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: euromodulation is among the fastest-growing areas of medicine, involving many diverse specialties and affecting hundreds of thousands of patients with numerous disorders worldwide. It can briefly be described as the science of how electrical, chemical, and mechanical interventions can modulate the nervous system function. A prominent example of neuromodulation is deep brain stimulation (DBS), an intervention that reflects a fundamental shift in the understanding of neurological and psychiatric diseases: namely as resulting from a dysfunctional activity pattern in a defined neuronal network that can be normalized by targeted stimulation. The application of DBS has grown remarkably and more than 130,000 patients worldwide have obtained a DBS intervention in the past 30 years—most of them for treating movement disorders. This Frontiers Research Topics provides an overview on the current discussion beyond basic research in DBS and other brain stimulation technologies. Researchers from various disciplines, who are working on broader clinical, ethical and social issues related to DBS and related neuromodulation technologies, have contributed to this research topic.
    Keywords: RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; Informed Consent ; Deep Brain Stimulation ; Depression ; Neurosurgery ; Movement Disorders ; Neuromodulation ; Enhancement ; Neuroethics ; Philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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  • 25
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Food waste is becoming an important and growing concern at both local and global levels. According to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), one-third of all food production is wasted globally, and in particular, 1.3 billion tons of food produced for human consumption is wasted per year, representing an economic loss of EUR 800 billion. The main foods wasted are represented by vegetables, fruits, meat, and fish. Considering the high availability and the composition of food waste, there is an increasing interest in their bio-valorization. Moreover, according to the global Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs 12 and 13), an appropriate waste management represents an essential prerequisite for the sustainable development.This reprint collects interesting manuscripts regarding innovative research focused on food waste valorization through fermentation processes for obtaining value-added products such as enzymes, feed additives, biofuels, animal feeds as well as other useful chemicals or products, food-grade pigments, and single-cell protein (SCP), enhancing food security and environmentally sustainable development.
    Keywords: industrial food waste ; valorization ; biorefinery ; bioenergy ; biobased materials ; promotion policy ; rice husk ; pyrolysis ; porous biochar ; pore property ; surface composition ; microbial red pigment ; Monascus purpureus ; simultaneous hydrolysis and fermentation ; sustainability ; whey ; RSM ; bioethanol ; yeast fermentation ; sugar beet molasses ; industrial by-product ; scale-up ; agricultural waste ; wastewater ; microbial fuel cell ; techno-economic ; commercialization ; life cycle assessment ; Neurospora intermedia ; bread ; process development ; cheese whey ; Aspergillus awamori ; β-galactosidase ; lactose hydrolysis ; Acetobacter xylinum ; bacterial cellulose ; biosurfactant ; bioemulsifier ; waste frying oil ; Bacillus cereus ; food additives ; cookie ; microalgae ; DHA ; lignocellulosic biomass ; organosolv fractionation ; liquid fraction ; solid pulp ; omega-3 fatty acids ; soap ; olives ; olive oil ; fermentation ; food waste ; fish waste ; citrus peel ; aquafeed ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Lactobacillus reuteri ; whey product ; proteins ; ultrafiltration ; nanofiltration ; keratinocytes scratch assay ; mozzarella cheese manufacturing ; pressing residue ; grape ; apple ; silage ; animal production ; enzyme production ; polyphenols ; Juglans regia L. ; walnut green husk ; agricultural wastes ; soil conditions ; glucans ; pectins ; Aspergillus oryzae ; rice hull ; paper mill wastewater ; bioremediation ; amylase ; solid-state fermentation (SSF) ; goat feeding ; durian peel ; silage additives ; propionate ; methane mitigation ; nitrogen balance ; waste management ; biofuel production ; circular economy ; single cell protein ; value-added product ; food and feed production ; yeast ; probiotics ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TC Biochemical engineering::TCB Biotechnology
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  • 26
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Volume I, entitled “Augmentation of Brain Functions: Brain-Machine Interfaces”, is a collection of articles on neuroprosthetic technologies that utilize brain-machine interfaces (BMIs). BMIs strive to augment the brain by linking neural activity, recorded invasively or noninvasively, to external devices, such as arm prostheses, exoskeletons that enable bipedal walking, means of communication and technologies that augment attention. In addition to many practical applications, BMIs provide useful research tools for basic science. Several articles cover challenges and controversies in this rapidly developing field, such as ways to improve information transfer rate. BMIs can be applied to the awake state of the brain and to the sleep state, as well. BMIs can augment action planning and decision making. Importantly, BMI operations evoke brain plasticity, which can have long-lasting effects. Advanced neural decoding algorithms that utilize optimal feedback controllers are key to the BMI performance. BMI approach can be combined with the other augmentation methods; such systems are called hybrid BMIs. Overall, it appears that BMI will lead to many powerful and practical brain-augmenting technologies in the future.
    Keywords: RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; microcircuits ; Brain machine interface (BMI) ; nootropics ; tDCStranscranial direct current stimulation ; neural networks ; neuroprosthesis ; TMS ; implants ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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  • 27
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Big data is revolutionizing our ability to measure and study the human brain. New technology increases the resolution of images that are being study as well as enables researchers to study the brain as it functions. These technological advances are combined with efforts to collect neuroimaging data on large numbers of subjects, in some cases longitudinally. This combination of advances in measurement and scope of studies requires novel development in the statistical analysis. Fast, scalable, robust and accurate models and approaches need to be developed to make headway on these problems. This volume represents a unique collection of researchers providing deep insights on the statistical analysis of big neuroimaging data.
    Keywords: RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; fMRI ; Neuroscience ; functional connectivity ; EEG ; Classification ; prediction ; big data ; MEG ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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  • 28
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The bioeconomy initially focused on resource substitution, including the production of biomass from various resources; its conversion, fractionation, and processing by means of biotechnology; and chemistry and process engineering towards the production and marketing of food, feed, fuel, and fibre. Nevertheless, although resource substitution is still considered important, the emphasis has been recently shifted to the biotechnological innovation perspective of the bioeconomy, in terms that ensure environmental sustainability. It is estimated that around one-third of the food produced for human consumption is wasted throughout the world, posing not only a sustainability problem related to food security but also a significant environmental problem. Food waste streams, mainly derived from fruits and vegetables, cereals, oilseeds, meat, dairy, and fish processing, have unavoidably attracted the interest of the scientific community as an abundant reservoir of complex carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and functional compounds, which can be utilized as raw materials for added-value product formulations. This Special Issue focuses on innovative and emerging food and by-products processing methods for the sustainable transition to a bioeconomy era.
    Keywords: TP248.13-248.65 ; T1-995 ; ash content ; sorghum milling waste ; lipids ; compost ; oleic acid ; microbial oil ; bioprocess development ; glucoamylase ; fatty acid methyl esters ; oleaginous yeast ; integrated biorefineries ; biorefineries ; hydrophobic substrates ; food processing ; hydrophilicity ; biodiesel ; films ; biodegradability ; clarified butter sediment waste ; submerged fungal fermentation ; blood plasma protein powder ; Morchella ; hydrogels ; heat-induced gelation ; sustainability ; bacterial cellulose ; bioprocesses ; circular economy ; olive waste ; prebiotics ; Rhodosporidium toruloides ; carotenoids ; waste valorization ; glucosamine ; food-processing ; size exclusion chromatography (SEC) ; bioeconomy ; food waste valorization ; whey proteins ; arabinoxylan ; Ostwald ripening ; emulsion ; emulsifier ; food biotechnology ; drying method ; polysaccharides ; food packaging ; texture ; lactose esters ; morel mushrooms ; circular-economy ; solid state fermentation ; bioactive compounds ; edible films ; hydrolysis ; Aspergillus awamori ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TC Biochemical engineering::TCB Biotechnology
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  • 29
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: In the last decade, sleep spindles have attracted steadily increasing attention. This interest is motivated by the many intriguing relationships between spindles and various diseases (e.g., schizophrenia, Parkinson, Alzheimer, autism, mental retardation), recovery processes (e.g., post brain stroke), and cognitive faculties (e.g., memory consolidation, intelligence, dream recall, sleep preservation). Nonetheless, a methodological wall has impeded the study of sleep spindles. Their investigation rests heavily on our ability to reliably and consistently identify spindle patterns from background EEG activity, a task involving many obstacles, including: a fuzzy definition of spindles, low inter-expert agreement on their scoring, lack of consensus on standard techniques for their automated detection, low reproducibility of observed characteristics and correlates, unavailability of large, standardized, high-quality databases, and inconsistencies in the methods used to evaluate the performance of automated detectors. The primary aims of this research topic were to bring together world-class researchers on a project designed to facilitate exchanges on methodological difficulties encountered in assessing sleep spindles and to promote standardized spindle-related resources. In preparing their contributions, authors were encouraged to use existing – or to propose new – publicly available resources for assessing sleep spindles. To allow fair and accurate comparison of reported results, the authors were also encouraged to validate their tools on a common benchmark. A database containing expert spindle scoring (i.e., the Montreal Archive of Sleep Studies) was made publicly available for that purpose.
    Keywords: RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; Neural oscillations ; Electroencephalography (EEG) ; Sleep ; Sleep Spindles ; Memory ; IQ ; sigma waves ; automatic detection ; biomarker ; Open access ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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  • 30
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-10-25
    Description: This edited volume contains 18 articles published in Sustainability from late 2018 to early 2021. During that time, the world faced the fatal and widespread health crisis, COVID-19, which had threatened the social and public health systems at every corner for quite some time.As the Guest-Editors and also a contributing authors, we are glad that the academic contents from the Special Issue will now be put together in this volume, making the authors' hard work and efforts accessible to the larger audience.
    Keywords: mobile phone penetration ; divorce rate ; marital happiness ; well-being ; physical exercises and sports ; sex ; educational background ; social public health ; health communication ; sleep hygiene ; health ; old people ; association ; logistic regression ; periodic general health examination ; fear of illness detection ; Vietnam ; depression ; acculturation stress ; social connectedness ; international students ; university students ; ASSIS ; Mindsponge ; multicultural ; emotional labor ; surface acting ; emotional dissonance ; occupational stress ; moderated mediation ; hospital ; rural and urban hospitals ; healthcare ; sustainable rural health ; the financial condition ; government health expenditure (GHE) efficiency ; data envelopment analysis (DEA) method ; Moran’s I value ; spatial spillover effect (SSE) ; spatial Durbin model (SDM) ; diet ; nutrition ; intake ; public health ; health professionals ; dietary risk ; depressive disorder ; university student ; scientific output ; international collaboration ; funding ; Korea ; Japan ; China ; scientific impact ; scientific quality ; coronavirus ; COVID-19 ; SARS-CoV-2 ; pandemic ; policy response ; social media ; science journalism ; public health system ; healthcare systems ; aged populations ; job insecurity ; health and consumption indicators ; gender inequalities ; sustainable preventive policies ; readmission ; social capital ; economics ; mental health ; drug abuse ; space–health nexus ; older women ; spatial planning perspective ; interdisciplinary expert dialogue ; retrospective qualitative study ; knowledge transfer ; health policy analysis ; efficiency ; gender ; CEO ; top management team (TMT) ; data envelopment analysis (DEA) ; truncated regression ; bootstrap ; upper echelon theory ; public health authorities ; public communication ; risk communication ; social networks ; lockdown ; crisis ; COVID-19 pandemic ; sustainability ; NSP ; harm reduction ; harm minimization ; low threshold settings ; PWID ; sustainable implementation qualities ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MB Medicine: general issues::MBN Public health & preventive medicine
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  • 31
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: In recent years, the implementation of sustainable concrete systems has been a topic of great interest in the field of construction engineering worldwide, as a result of the large and rapid increase in carbon emissions and environmental problems resulting from traditional concrete production and industry. For example, the uses of supplementary cementitious materials, geopolymer binder, recycled aggregate and industrial/agricultural wastes in concrete are all approaches to building a sustainable concrete system. However, such materials have inherent flaws due to their variety of sources, and exhibit very different properties compared with traditional concrete. Therefore, they require specific modifications in preprocessing, design, and evaluation before use in concrete. This reprint, entitled “Advances in Sustainable Concrete System”, covers a broad range of advanced concrete research in environmentally friendly concretes, cost-effective admixtures, and waste recycling, specifically including the design methods, mechanical properties, durability, microstructure, various models, hydration mechanisms, and practical applications of solid wastes in concrete systems.
    Keywords: high-strength concrete ; energy evolution ; elastic strain energy ; brittleness evaluation index ; concrete ; humidity ; moisture absorption ; moisture desorption ; numerical simulation ; acoustic emission ; AE rate process theory ; corrosion rate ; damage evolution ; axial load ; precast concrete structure ; lattice girder semi-precast slabs ; bending resistance ; FE modelling ; concrete damage ; GSP ; high strength ; hydration ; strength ; penetrability ; rice husk ash ; sustainable concrete ; artificial neural networks ; multiple linear regression ; eco-friendly concrete ; green concrete ; sustainable development ; artificial intelligence ; data science ; machine learning ; bagasse ash ; mechanical properties ; natural coarse aggregate ; recycled coarse aggregate ; two-stage concrete ; materials design ; recycled concrete ; crumb rubber concrete ; crumb rubber ; NaOH treatment ; lime treatment ; water treatment ; detergent treatment ; compressive strength ; materials ; adhesively-bonded joint ; temperature aging ; residual strength ; mechanical behavior ; failure criterion ; steel slag powder ; compound activator ; mortar strength ; orthogonal experiment ; GM (0, N) model ; ultrafine metakaolin ; silica fume ; durability ; fiber-reinforced concrete ; damage mechanism ; uniaxial tension ; cracked concrete ; crack width ; crack depth ; tortuosity ; sustainability ; concrete composites ; sulfate and acid attacks ; WPFT fibers ; coal gangue ; gradation ; cement content ; unconfined compressive strength ; freeze–thaw cycle ; minimum energy dissipation principle ; three-shear energy yield criterion ; damage variable ; constitutive model ; phosphorus slag ; limestone ; sulphate-corrosion resistance ; volume deformation ; blast furnace ferronickel slag ; alkali-activated material ; dosage of activator ; reactive powder concrete ; beam-column joint ; FE modeling ; crack ; cementitious gravel ; fly ash ; age ; optimal dosage ; bamboo ; sawdust ; pretreatment ; bio-based material ; mechanical property ; self-compacting concrete ; supplementary cementitious materials ; hydration mechanisms ; microstructure ; fresh properties ; synthetic polymer ; high temperature ; bentonite-free drilling fluid ; rheology ; filtration ; FRP reinforced concrete slab ; punching shear strength ; SHAP ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TN Civil engineering, surveying and building::TNK Building construction and materials::TNKX Conservation of buildings and building materials
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  • 32
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: In light of the considerable impact of global food supply chains on climate change, more sustainable ways of producing, distributing, and consuming food appear critical for sustainable development. With the aim of contributing to this topic, this Special Issue on sustainable food consumption and food marketing addresses various relevant issues related to food consumption, including innovative and sustainable forms of food production and consumption, animal welfare and meat consumption, price transmission, social media communication, alternative food production, and organic agriculture, among others. As such, this Special Issue sheds light on more sustainable and carbon-friendly food production and consumption systems from various angles. It delivers valuable scientific evidence for the transformation of current carbon-based food supply chains to more eco-friendly, fair, and future-oriented food supply chains.
    Keywords: aquaponics ; Structural Equation Modeling ; consumer behavior ; purchase intention ; willingness to pay ; sustainability ; food market ; veganic ; vegan-organic ; vegan ; stockless ; attitudes ; environmental marketing ; green product ; green consumer ; green purchase decision ; consumer behaviour ; theory of planned behaviour ; sustainable consumption ; Bangladesh ; out-of-home catering ; sustainable nutrition ; variety seeking ; spontaneous choice ; company canteens ; trust ; social media ; small and medium enterprises ; Bresse Gauloise ; choice experiment ; dual-purpose breeds ; faba beans ; Kollbecksmoor ; theory of planned behavior ; Vorwerkhuhn ; White Rock ; green products ; palm oil free ; structural equation modeling ; SEM ; sustainable food consumption ; food waste ; theoretical framework ; food tourism ; community-based tourism ; sustainable development ; community engagement ; rural development ; food heritage ; carbon-friendly food ; emotions ; animal welfare ; cured ham ; discrete choice experiment ; latent construct model ; market instability ; nonlinear empirical dynamics ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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  • 33
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The brain of each animal shows specific traits that reflect its phylogenetic history and its particular lifestyle. Therefore, comparing brains is not just a mere intellectual exercise, but it helps understanding how the brain allows adaptive behavioural strategies to face an ever-changing world and how this complex organ has evolved during phylogeny, giving rise to complex mental processes in humans and other animals. These questions attracted scientists since the times of Santiago Ramon y Cajal one of the founders of comparative neurobiology. In the last decade, this discipline has undergone a true revolution due to the analysis of expression patterns of morphogenetic genes in embryos of different animals. The papers of this e-book are good examples of modern comparative neurobiology, which mainly focuses on the following four Grand Questions: a) How are different brains built during ontogeny? b) What is the anatomical organization of mature brains and how can they be compared? c) How do brains work to accomplish their function of ensuring survival and, ultimately, reproductive success? d) How have brains evolved during phylogeny? The title of this e-book, Adaptive Function and Brain Evolution, stresses the importance of comparative studies to understand brain function and, the reverse, of considering brain function to properly understand brain evolution. These issues should be taken into account when using animals in the research of mental function and dysfunction, and are fundamental to understand the origins of the human mind.
    Keywords: RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; comparative neurobiology ; brain evolution ; phylogeny ; ontogeny ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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  • 34
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: We invite you to read the Special Issue on innovation for sustainable business. It is a collection of 7 articles published in a Special Issue of Sustainability MDPI in 2021-2022. Many of the articles in this reprint are related to leadership. In the context of sustainable development, issues such as dynamic capabilities, CSR, succession management and innovative projects were addressed. Sustainable innovation is also considered from other perspectives. One of them is the topic of introducing sustainable innovations to new ventures. In addition, drivers and impacts of eco-innovation were also examined. There was also research in the area of ​​live commerce, which includes the perspective of consumer behavior.
    Keywords: dynamic capabilities ; eco-innovation ; leadership ; corporate social responsibility ; the attitude of future managers towards CSR ; ethical aspects of companies’ operations ; sustainability ; green technologies ; environmental innovation ; industry ; Brazil ; capability ; organization ; survival ; workforce ; live commerce ; hunger marketing ; perceived trust ; perceived value ; impulse buying behavior ; Sustainable Industry 4.0 ; innovative projects ; interdisciplinarity ; project team competencies ; sustainable innovation ; knowledge search ; organizational learning ; strategic flexibility ; new ventures ; QCA ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology
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  • 35
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This reprint focuses on the position of sustainability in engineering and points to the multidimensionality of the issue. Architecture, civil and engineering issues are main themes of discussion, with special attention to research and design. Attention is focused on four thematic groups: energy (including energy harvesting), economy (including building circularity), pro-health activities, and design.
    Keywords: CFD ; mechanical ventilation ; industrial buildings ; thermal comfort ; air quality ; natural environment ; construction sector ; steel ; sustainable development ; cradle-to-gate with options ; Life Cycle Assessment ; life cycle costs ; maintenance costs ; warranty period ; number of use cycles ; building circularity assessment ; material flow model ; building circularity material passport ; building circularity calculation method ; adaption ; landscape pattern ; local microclimate ; comprehensive analysis ; morphological parameters ; space syntax ; façade configuration ; visual perception ; built heritage ; Kaunas ; cultural sustainability ; PV system ; social acceptability ; system dynamics ; CO2 emissions ; feed-in-tariffs ; subsidy policy ; water management ; housing environment quality ; multi-family settlements ; Bio-Morpheme ; greenery ; automated design ; plant selector ; sustainability ; algorithmic design ; landscape design ; BIM ; green BIM ; city breathability ; urban ventilation ; urban air quality management ; blue-green infrastructure ; integrated urban planning ; economic analysis ; marketplace regeneration ; optimisation ; spatial analysis ; urban design ; vibration ; energy harvesting ; green gardens ; multifunctionality ; plus-energy building ; thermal stack ; solar energy ; integrated design ; prefabricated rural housing ; PEST ; entropy weighted TOPSIS ; implementation potential ; Chongqing ; n/a ; urban planning ; building layout ; energy demand ; climate ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology
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  • 36
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The advent of next-generation sequencing technologies has resulted in a remarkable increase our understanding of human and animal neurological disorders through the identification of disease causing or protective sequence variants. However, in many cases, robust disease models are required to understand how changes at the DNA, RNA or protein level affect neuronal and synaptic function, or key signalling pathways. In turn, these models may enable understanding of key disease processes and the identification of new targets for the medicines of the future. This e-book contains original research papers and reviews that highlight either the impact of next-generation sequencing in the understanding of neurological disorders, or utilise molecular, cellular, and whole-organism models to validate disease-causing or protective sequence variants.
    Keywords: RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; Stem Cells ; glycine receptor ; Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ; Parkinson's disease ; PET imaging ; LRRK2 ; Zebrafish ; Inflammation ; GABA-A receptor ; NMDA receptors ; Intellectual Disability ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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  • 37
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: This special issue reviews state-of-the-art approaches to the biophysical roots of cognition. These approaches appeal to the notion that cognitive capacities serve to optimize responses to changing external conditions. Crucially, this optimisation rests on the ability to predict changes in the environment, thus allowing organisms to respond pre-emptively to changes before their onset. The biophysical mechanisms that underwrite these cognitive capacities remain largely unknown; although a number of hypotheses has been advanced in systems neuroscience, biophysics and other disciplines. These hypotheses converge on the intersection of thermodynamic and information-theoretic formulations of self-organization in the brain. The latter perspective emerged when Shannon’s theory of message transmission in communication systems was used to characterise message passing between neurons. In its subsequent incarnations, the information theory approach has been integrated into computational neuroscience and the Bayesian brain framework. The thermodynamic formulation rests on a view of the brain as an aggregation of stochastic microprocessors (neurons), with subsequent appeal to the constructs of statistical mechanics and thermodynamics. In particular, the use of ensemble dynamics to elucidate the relationship between micro-scale parameters and those of the macro-scale aggregation (the brain). In general, the thermodynamic approach treats the brain as a dissipative system and seeks to represent the development and functioning of cognitive mechanisms as collective capacities that emerge in the course of self-organization. Its explicanda include energy efficiency; enabling progressively more complex cognitive operations such as long-term prediction and anticipatory planning. A cardinal example of the Bayesian brain approach is the free energy principle that explains self-organizing dynamics in the brain in terms of its predictive capabilities – and selective sampling of sensory inputs that optimise variational free energy as a proxy for Bayesian model evidence. An example of thermodynamically grounded proposals, in this issue, associates self-organization with phase transitions in neuronal state-spaces; resulting in the formation of bounded neuronal assemblies (neuronal packets). This special issue seeks a discourse between thermodynamic and informational formulations of the self-organising and self-evidencing brain. For example, could minimization of thermodynamic free energy during the formation of neuronal packets underlie minimization of variational free energy?
    Keywords: RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; consciousness ; understanding ; Markov blanket ; Hebbian assembly ; neuronal packet ; Bayesian brain ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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  • 38
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This Special Issue covers a wide range of areas—including building orientation, service life, use of photocatalytically active structures and PV facades, implications of transportation system, building types (i.e., high rise, multilevel, commercial, residential), life cycle assessment, and structural engineering—that need to be considered in the environmental impact assessment of buildings, and the chapters include case studies across the globe. Consideration of these strategies would help reduce energy and material consumption, environmental emissions, and waste generation associated with all phases of a building’s life cycle. Chapter 1 demonstrates that green star concrete exhibits the same structural properties as conventional concrete in Australia. Chapter 2 showed that the use of TiO2 as a photocatalyst on the surface of construction materials with a suitable stable binding agent, such as aggregates, would enable building walls to absorb NOx from air. This study found that TiO2 has the potential to reduce ambient concentrations of NOx from areas where this pollutant becomes concentrated under solar irradiation. Chapter 3 presents the life cycle assessment of architecturally integrated glass–glass photovoltaics in building facades to find the appropriate material composition for a multicolored PV façade offering improved environmental performance. Chapter 4 shows that urban office buildings lacking appropriate orientation experienced indoor overheating. Chapter 5 details four modeling approaches that were implemented to estimate buildings’ response towards load shedding. Chapter 6 covers the life cycle GHG emissions of high-rise residential housing block to discover opportunities for environmental improvement. Chapter 7 discusses an LCA framework that took into account variation in the service life of buildings associated with the use of different types of materials. Chapter 8 presents a useful data mining algorithm to conduct life cycle asset management in residential developments built on transport systems.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; wash water ; greenhouse gases ; environmental life cycle assessment ; sustainable-development ; transit-policy ; public-engagement ; Multilevel buildings ; building integrated photovoltaic ; slag ; operational energy ; life-cycle social analysis ; building ; travel-satisfaction ; TEASER ; BIPV ; photocatalytic construction materials ; functionalized aggregate ; green star concrete ; work-commute ; shallow plan forms ; life cycle assessment ; recycled aggregate ; environmental remediation ; block of buildings ; rain cladding ; LCA ; sustainability ; peak shaving ; residential building ; indoor overheating ; LCI ; air pollution ; environmental performance ; service life ; nitric oxides ; thermal model ; coloured glass ; demand response ; modal-variability ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 39
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Electrocochleography (ECochG) is an approach for objective measurements of physiologic responses from the inner ear. Measurements have classically been made from electrodes placed in the outer ear canal, on the tympanic membrane, the round window niche, or inside the cochlea. Recent innovations have led to ECochG being used for exciting new purposes that drive clinical practice and contribute to the basic understanding of inner ear physiology. Cochlear implant recording electrodes can monitor the preservation of residual, low-frequency acoustic hearing, both in the operating room and post-operatively. ECochG measurements can quantify differential effects of inner ear surgery or other manipulations on vestibular and auditory physiology simultaneously. Various attributes of cognitive neuroscience can be addressed with ECochG measurements from the auditory periphery. These advances in ECochG provide a way to understand a variety of inner ear diseases and are likely to be of value to many groups in their own clinical and basic research.
    Keywords: RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; cochlear microphonic ; cochlear action potential ; sensorineural hearing loss ; compound action potential ; auditory nerve ; medial olivocochlear efferent reflex ; electrocochleography ; summating potential ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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  • 40
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: Over the last two decades, the literature on political participation has flourished, reflecting the increasing use of diverse modes of citizen involvement. These include established modes of participation, such as voting, protests, mass demonstrations, and petition signing, but also newer modes specific to the online environment (ICT-related), participation in referendums, public consultations, or engagement in political deliberation. The importance and intensity of these modes is reflected both in the number of people getting involved and in the increasing number of policies that are subject to various modes of participation on a regular basis. There is extensive literature about how these modes of participation function, why people get involved, and the consequences of their participation. However, limited attention is paid to the relationship between political participation and the pursuit of sustainability at a local, regional, or central level. Existing studies indicate that citizen engagement can be a cost-effective method to characterize changes of local environments; however, not much is known beyond this process. This Special Issue aims to address this void in the literature and brings together contributions that analyze how participation can be associated with sustainability and local development in various settings. It explores the relationship between political participation and the management of their local environment. This Special Issue enhances the existing knowledge and understanding about how modes of participation can be reflected in stronger sustainability. The Special Issue provides the space for an academic debate that addresses issues such as climate change, resource allocation, or the pursuit of sustainability programs and policies. The contributions include a mix of single-case studies and comparative analyses across European countries.
    Keywords: deliberation ; future generations ; future design ; political participation ; citizen engagement ; political institutions ; sustainability ; participation ; digitalization ; local government ; innovation ; mixed deliberation ; referendums ; municipal mergers ; democratic sustainability ; social trust ; political trust ; political efficacy ; citizens’ juries ; natural experiment ; opinion change ; windfarms ; Scotland ; deliberative mini-publics ; democratic innovations ; public opinion ; participatory budgeting ; ecology ; local level ; citizens ; support ; Romania ; citizens’ assemblies ; climate change ; decarbonization ; agenda setting ; deliberative democracy ; mini-publics ; environmental politics ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
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  • 41
    Publication Date: 2023-12-21
    Description: Experiences during early life program the central nervous- and endocrine-systems with consequences for susceptibility to physical and mental disorders. These programming effects depend on genetic and epigenetic factors, and their outcome leads to an adaptive or maladaptive phenotype to a given later environmental context. This Research Topic focused on the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA)-axis and stress-related phenotypes, and on how HPA-axis programming by the environment precisely occurs. We included original research, mini-review and review papers on a broad range of topics related to HPA-axis programming.
    Keywords: R5-920 ; RC648-665 ; RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; HPA axis ; Vulnerability ; resilience ; early life stress ; materna ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
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  • 42
    Publication Date: 2023-04-05
    Description: This reprint includes papers from different research fields, reflecting the sectional talks presented at the 9th edition of the Scientific Conference of the Doctoral Schools from the “Dunărea de Jos” University of Galaţi, which took place in June 2021. The objective of the 2021 Conference was to bring together perspectives and challenges in doctoral research in a common forum and to provide a platform enabling doctoral researchers to meet and share state-of-the-art developments in their fields. It consists of 16 papers presented at the 9th edition of the Scientific Conference of the Doctoral Schools from the “Dunărea de Jos” University of Galaţi, in several fields such as: mechanical and industrial engineering, food science and biotechnology, electrical/electronic engineering, systems engineering and information technologies, chemistry, electrochemistry, and economic models and strategies.
    Keywords: incremental pumps ; profiling of generating tools ; helical surfaces ; Romania ; coastal area ; wind energy ; measurements ; IEC classes ; wind turbines ; mass tourism ; management model ; Constanta ; PESTEL ; Black Sea ; sustainability ; eggplant peels ; bioactive compounds ; hydrogels ; anthocyanins ; beetroot peel ; betalains ; polyphenols ; CCD-RSM ; optimal control ; metaheuristic algorithms ; evolutionary algorithms ; simulation ; ventilation on ships ; HVAC requirements ; COVID-19 ; spread the disease ; airborne transmission ; HEPA filtration ; UV disinfection ; heat recovery ; L-tryptophan ; polypyrrole ; sensor ; amino acid ; cyclic voltammetry ; chronoamperometry ; atorvastatin ; carbon nanotubes ; gold nanoparticles ; Hippophae rhamnoides L. ; carotenoids ; flavonoids ; antioxidant activity ; microencapsulation ; modulation ; electromagnetic disturbances ; electromagnetic compatibility ; military ship ; communication systems ; navigation conditions ; Danube River ; management tool ; quality function deployment ; house of quality ; enwrapping surfaces ; profiling ; geometrical methods ; tower ; wind turbine ; load ; offshore wind ; marine renewable energy ; living labs ; design thinking ; coastal zone ; integrated coastal zone management (ICZM) ; Romanian coastal zone ; Black Sea basin ; wind parameters ; historical data ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PN Chemistry ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KC Economics::KCM Development economics & emerging economies
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  • 43
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This book presents an interesting sample of the latest advances in optimization techniques applied to electrical power engineering. It covers a variety of topics from various fields, ranging from classical optimization such as Linear and Nonlinear Programming and Integer and Mixed-Integer Programming to the most modern methods based on bio-inspired metaheuristics. The featured papers invite readers to delve further into emerging optimization techniques and their real application to case studies such as conventional and renewable energy generation, distributed generation, transport and distribution of electrical energy, electrical machines and power electronics, network optimization, intelligent systems, advances in electric mobility, etc.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; n/a ; Stackelberg game ; MILP ; optimal congestion threshold ; magnetic field mitigation ; simulation ; multi-objective particle swarm optimization ; virtual power plant ; internal defect ; day-ahead load forecasting ; neural network ; modular predictor ; multi-objective particle swarm optimization algorithm ; stochastic optimization ; dragonfly algorithm ; unit commitment ; metaheuristic ; multi-population method (MP) ; optimization ; tabu search ; considerable decomposition ; loss minimization ; active distribution system ; islanded microgrid ; dynamic solving framework ; feature selection ; electric energy costs ; power factor compensation ; dependability ; interactive load ; overhead ; energy internet ; evolutionary computation ; wind power ; developed grew wolf optimizer ; underground ; ETAP ; fuzzy algorithm ; electric vehicles ; Schwarz’s equation ; evolutionary algorithms ; electric power contracts ; congestion management ; optimizing-scenarios method ; building energy management system ; particle encoding method ; ringdown detection ; HOMER software ; DC optimal power flow ; prosumer ; constrained parameter estimation ; distributed generations (DGs) ; strong track filter (STF) ; transient stability ; calibration ; cost minimization ; radiance ; decentralized and collaborative optimization ; hybrid renewable energy system ; renewable energy sources ; rural electrification ; distribution network reconfiguration ; interval variables ; optimization methods ; particle swarm optimization ; hierarchical scheduling ; micro grid ; AC/DC hybrid active distribution ; consensus ; artificial bee colony ; CCHP system ; data center ; support vector machine ; affinity propagation clustering ; extended Kalman filter ; affine arithmetic ; linear discriminant analysis (LDA) ; current margins ; heterogeneous networks ; Cameroon ; hybrid method ; distributed heat-electricity energy management ; discrete wind driven optimization ; fitness function ; cross-entropy ; GenOpt ; wind energy ; demand uncertainty ; UC ; off-design performance ; genetic algorithm ; energy storage ; the biomimetic membrane computing ; power system optimization ; electric vehicle ; power architectures ; economic load dispatch problem (ELD) ; runner-root algorithm (RRA) ; Cable joint ; battery energy storage system ; load curtailment ; integration assessment ; power system unit commitment ; artificial lighting ; power flow ; hybrid membrane computing ; two-point estimation method ; low-voltage networks ; demand bidding ; non-sinusoidal circuits ; energy flow model ; power transfer distribution factors ; sustainability ; HVAC system ; voltage deviation ; street light points ; radial basis function ; energy storage system ; charging/discharging ; power systems ; intelligent scatter search ; MV/LV substation ; optimal power flow ; stochastic state estimation ; eight searching sub-regions ; chaos optimization algorithm (COA) ; mutual information theory ; inter-turn shorted-circuit fault (ISCF) ; C&I particle swarm optimization ; multiobjective optimization ; passive shielding ; sub-Saharan Africa ; micro-phasor measurement unit ; geometric algebra ; bio-inspired algorithms ; adaptive consensus algorithm ; energy management ; PCS efficiency ; multi-stakeholders ; generalized generation distribution factors ; the genetic algorithm based P system ; JAYA algorithm ; thermal probability density ; power optimization ; pumped-hydro energy storage ; smart grid ; two-stage feature selection ; piecewise linear techniques ; photovoltaic ; SOCP relaxations ; switched reluctance machine (SRM) ; optimal reactive power dispatch ; optimal operation ; controllable response ; off-grid ; active shielding ; transformer-fault diagnosis ; IEEE Std. 80-2000 ; principal component analysis ; demand response ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 44
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-06-21
    Description: In a VUCA world (volatile, uncertain, complex, and ambiguous), organizations, in order to achieve a sustainable competitive advantage, must learn to mitigate risk and prioritize performance and innovation. In the last decade, as a way to respond to market demands, projects emerge as a way for organizations to implement their strategic objectives in order to respond to a need, opportunity, or threat in an efficient way. This e-book includes a collection of 11 papers that discuss theoretical approaches and case studies, focused on a combined effect between Project Risk Assessment and corporate behaviour in order to support the sustainability and business resilience in a competitive environment. The e-book will be of particular interest to entrepreneurs, researchers, and policymakers.
    Keywords: the ECA method ; UN SDGs ; COVID-19 coronavirus ; Islamic banking ; Maqasid al-Shariah ; sustainability practices ; sustainability indicators ; SDG governance ; green human resource management practices ; corporate sustainability ; developing country ; industry perspective ; renewable energy ; emerging management practices ; knowledge management ; decentralization ; sustainable organizational performance ; entrepreneurial orientation ; innovation performance ; organizational commitment ; transformational leadership ; small and medium-sized enterprises ; communication ; formal communication ; informal communication ; communication willingness ; conflict ; project manager ; project management ; risk management ; social network analysis ; cooperative networks ; business intelligence ; project cooperative risks ; knowledge creation ; sustainable business ; project risks ; corporate behavior ; project critical success factors ; sustainable cooperative partnerships ; entrepreneurial leadership ; product innovation performance ; risk ; design thinking ; intra-firm networks ; absorptive capacity ; collaborative innovation project ; sustainable development ; project performance ; influencing factors ; SEM ; sustainability ; collaborative networks ; logistics ; transportation sector ; risk assessment and management ; Monte Carlo method ; graph-centrality metrics ; project outcome ; project lifecycle ; individual performance ; collective performance ; correlation ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KJ Business & management::KJC Business strategy ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KJ Business & management::KJM Management & management techniques::KJMV Management of specific areas
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  • 45
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: In the last twenty years, many attempts have been made to provide neurobiological models of autism. Functional, structural and connectivity analyses have highlighted reduced responses in key social areas, such as amygdala, medial prefrontal cortex, cingulate cortex, and superior temporal sulcus. However, these studies present discrepant results and some of them have been questioned for methodological limitations. The aim of this research topic is to present advanced neuroimaging methods able to capture the complexity of the neural deficits displayed in autism. This special issue presents new studies using structural and functional MRI, as well as magnetoencephalography, and novel protocols to analyze data (Analysis of Cluster Variability, Noise Reduction Strategies, Source-based Morphometry, Functional Connectivity Density, Restriction Spectrum Imaging and the others). We believe it is time to integrate data provided by different techniques and methodologies in order to have a better understanding of autism.
    Keywords: RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; magnetic resonance imaging ; biomarkers ; social deficits ; autism spectrum disorder ; magnetoencephalography ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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  • 46
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    Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Cognitive processing is commonly conceptualized as being restricted to the cerebral cortex. Accordingly, electrophysiology, neuroimaging and lesion studies involving human and animal subjects have almost exclusively focused on defining roles for cerebral cortical areas in cognition. Roles for the thalamus in cognition have been largely ignored despite the fact that the extensive connectivity between the thalamus and cerebral cortex gives rise to a closely coupled thalamo-cortical system. However, in recent years, growing interest in the thalamus as much more than a passive sensory structure, as well as methodological advances such as high-resolution functional magnetic resonance imaging of the thalamus and improved electrode targeting to subregions of thalamic nuclei using electrical stimulation and diffusion tensor imaging, have fostered research into thalamic contributions to cognition. Evidence suggests that behavioral context modulates processing in primary sensory, or first-order, thalamic nuclei (for example, the lateral geniculate and ventral posterior nuclei), allowing attentional filtering of incoming sensory information at an early stage of brain processing. Behavioral context appears to more strongly influence higher-order thalamic nuclei (for example, the pulvinar and mediodorsal nucleus), which receive major input from the cortex rather than the sensory periphery. Such higher-order thalamic nuclei have been shown to regulate information transmission in frontal and higher-order sensory cortex according to cognitive demands. This Research Topic aims to bring together neuroscientists who study different parts of the thalamus, particularly thalamic nuclei other than the primary sensory relays, and highlight the thalamic contributions to attention, memory, reward processing, decision-making, and language. By doing so, an emphasis is also placed on neural mechanisms common to many, if not all, of these cognitive operations, such as thalamo-cortical interactions and modulatory influences from sources in the brainstem and basal ganglia. The overall view that emerges is that the thalamus is a vital node in brain networks supporting cognition.
    Keywords: RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; neural synchrony ; cognitive control ; intralaminar thalamus ; mediodorsal thalamus ; Memory ; Pulvinar ; thalamocortical interactions ; oscillations ; anterior thalamus ; Prefrontal Cortex ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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  • 47
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Forests cover 30% of the Earth’s land area, or nearly four billion hectares. Enhancing the benefits and ecosystem services of forests has been increasingly recognized as an essential part of nature-based solutions for solving many emerging global environmental problems today. A core science supporting forest management is understanding the interactions of forests, water, and people. These interactions have become increasingly complex under climate change and its associated impacts, such as the increases in the intensity and frequency of drought and floods, increasing population and deforestation, and a rise in global demands for multiple ecosystem services including clean water supply and carbon sequestration. Forest watershed managers have recognized that water management is an essential component of forest management. Global environmental change is posing more challenges for managing forests and water toward sustainable development. New science on forest and water is critically needed across the globe. The International Forests and Water Conference 2018, Valdivia, Chile (http://forestsandwater2018.cl/), a joint effort of the 5th IUFRO International Conference on Forests and Water in a Changing Environment and the Second Latin American Conference on Forests and Water provided a unique forum to examine forest and water issues in Latin America under a global context. This book represents a collection of some of the peer-reviewed papers presented at the conference that were published in a Special Issue of Forests.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; Q1-390 ; SD1-669.5 ; social capital ; Cambodia ; forest and water policy ; land use and land cover change ; shrubland ; “Forests to Faucets” ; precipitation gradient ; forest ecosystem management ; afforestation ; connectivity ; land use change ; forest operations ; Chile ; catchment management ; forest plantation ; climate change ; compound wildfire-water risk ; native forest ; hydrology ; wetland ; streamside native buffer ; sustainability ; participatory monitoring ; hydrological modeling ; timber harvesting ; water quality ; native forests ; source water protection ; global change ; forest hydrology ; community drinking-water ; SDGs ; drinking-water security ; Oregon ; forest ; aquatic-riparian ecosystems ; NDC ; heat: moisture index ; watershed management ; load ; Rhyacotriton ; ecohydrology ; nutrient concentrations ; multi-criteria analysis ; Loess Plateau ; dissolved organic matter ; US Pacific Northwest ; soil moisture ; agricultural lands ; water management ; water provision ; water supply ; forests ; post-fire hydrology ; grassland ; forest plantations ; restoration strategy ; riparian buffer zones ; Mekong ; riparian vegetation ; density management harvest ; SWAT model ; forest watersheds ; water governance ; Nenjiang River ; forestry ; ecosystem services ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 48
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Music is an important source of enjoyment, learning, and well-being in life as well as a rich, powerful, and versatile stimulus for the brain. With the advance of modern neuroimaging techniques during the past decades, we are now beginning to understand better what goes on in the healthy brain when we hear, play, think, and feel music and how the structure and function of the brain can change as a result of musical training and expertise. For more than a century, music has also been studied in the field of neurology where the focus has mostly been on musical deficits and symptoms caused by neurological illness (e.g., amusia, musicogenic epilepsy) or on occupational diseases of professional musicians (e.g., focal dystonia, hearing loss). Recently, however, there has been increasing interest and progress also in adopting music as a therapeutic tool in neurological rehabilitation, and many novel music-based rehabilitation methods have been developed to facilitate motor, cognitive, emotional, and social functioning of infants, children and adults suffering from a debilitating neurological illness or disorder. Traditionally, the fields of music neuroscience and music therapy have progressed rather independently, but they are now beginning to integrate and merge in clinical neurology, providing novel and important information about how music is processed in the damaged or abnormal brain, how structural and functional recovery of the brain can be enhanced by music-based rehabilitation methods, and what neural mechanisms underlie the therapeutic effects of music. Ideally, this information can be used to better understand how and why music works in rehabilitation and to develop more effective music-based applications that can be targeted and tailored towards individual rehabilitation needs. The aim of this Research Topic is to bring together research across multiple disciplines with a special focus on music, brain, and neurological rehabilitation. We encourage researchers working in the field to submit a paper presenting either original empirical research, novel theoretical or conceptual perspectives, a review, or methodological advances related to following two core topics: 1) how are musical skills and attributes (e.g., perceiving music, experiencing music emotionally, playing or singing) affected by a developmental or acquired neurological illness or disorder (for example, stroke, aphasia, brain injury, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, autism, ADHD, dyslexia, focal dystonia, or tinnitus) and 2) what is the applicability, effectiveness, and mechanisms of music-based rehabilitation methods for persons with a neurological illness or disorder? Research methodology can include behavioural, physiological and/or neuroimaging techniques, and studies can be either clinical group studies or case studies (studies of healthy subjects are applicable only if their findings have clear clinical implications).
    Keywords: RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; Neuroimaging ; Brain ; Movement ; Music ; neurological disorders ; Cognition ; Rehabilitation ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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  • 49
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-23
    Description: This Special Issue is designed to discuss and examine relevant legal issues concerning ocean governance in the context of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) for the long-lasting benefits of the international community. It will cover, inter alia, the safety of navigation and maritime security, the sustainable use of marine resources (living and non-living), marine environmental protection, climate change, and marine scientific research.
    Keywords: transfer of mining technology ; commercial condition ; protection of intellectual property ; direct technology purchasing ; investment cooperation ; universal jurisdiction ; maritime piracy ; piracy trials ; Somali piracy ; maritime crime ; sustainability ; community interests ; marine genetic resources ; common heritage of mankind ; BBNJ ; integrated coastal management ; land and sea coordination ; ecological environment ; ocean law ; sustainable development ; fishery resources ; community interest ; international cooperation ; climate change ; fishery management ; legal principles ; LOSC ; precautionary approach ; ecosystem ; seasonal closure ; CCAMLR ; MPAs ; RFMOs ; conservation measures ; China ; ocean governance ; sustainable development goals (SDGs) ; SDG 14 ; marine environment ; international environmental law ; Law of the Sea ; ocean acidification ; rising-sea-levels ; meta-governance ; ocean action ; global environment ; regulatory governance ; IMO ; China’s role ; submissions’ adoption ; law of the sea ; deep seabed mining ; national legislation ; sponsoring state ; marine ecological environment ; multiple subjects ; co-management ; ocean community with a shared future ; cruise ships ; public health emergency of international concern (PHEIC) ; international obligations ; rule of law ; COVID-19 ; China’s white paper for Arctic policy ; fisheries resources ; Arctic Ocean ; Chinese legal rights ; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA) ; regional integration and cooperation ; SDGs ; Sanchi ship ; oil spill accident ; marine ecology ; ecological damage compensation ; the precautionary principle ; nuclear safety regulation ; UNCLOS ; international law ; thema EDItEUR::A The Arts
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  • 50
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: This reprint presents groundbreaking discoveries, practical techniques, and rigorous analyses related to the cultivation, preparation, and exploitation of mycelium composites. The papers cover a wide range of topics, including functional modifications of mycelium with inorganic particles, modifying and assessing the mechanical properties of mycelium composites, strategies for improving the flexural behaviour of composites, beehives from fungal materials, bio-welding and reinforcement of composites, bioreactors for fungal production, co-production of composites by fungi and bacteria, growing large-scale mycelium structures, sound absorption by composites, and the geometrical parameterisation of fungi. This informative compendium of techniques, methods, and insights on growing fungal material appeals to readers from all walks of life, from high school pupils to university professors, from mathematicians, computer scientists, and engineers to chemists, from craft practitioners to industrial producers of fungal materials, and from biologists to architects and artists.
    Keywords: mycelium-based composites ; additive manufacturing ; bio-based materials ; circular construction ; digital fabrication ; mycelium ; bio-composites ; bio-fabrication ; ultrasonic welding ; wood printing ; robotic fabrication ; reinforced composites ; natural fiber reinforced polymers ; NFRP ; growing materials ; rattan ; lightweight structure ; architecture ; structural design ; computational design ; subtractive manufacturing ; circular economy ; compressive structures ; compressive strength ; digital image correlation ; masonry ; growth ; mechanical properties ; materials science ; mycelium-based composite ; biomaterials ; natural composites ; bacterial cellulose ; biocompatibility ; knitted fabric ; material tinkering ; lignocellulosic fibers ; natural fiber reinforcement ; mechanical characteristics ; manufacturing variables ; nanoclay ; fungal fruiting bodies ; parametric design thinking ; plasticity ; linearity ; non-linearity ; biohybrid architecture ; bio fabrication ; living architecture ; beehive ; 3D printing ; mycelium materials ; symbiosis ; multispecies architecture ; healthy materials ; binding capacity ; bio-adhesives ; building biomaterials ; fungal mycelium ; mechanical performance ; acoustic materials ; sound absorption ; fungal architecture ; myceliated material ; living material ; sustainability ; biotechnology ; compression ; bending ; waste upcycling ; mycoremediation ; myco-materials ; myco-fabrication ; sustainable buildings ; sustainable structures ; architectural design ; material ethics ; modular chain bioreactor ; solid-state fermentation ; mycelium production ; Ganoderma lucidum ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: This reprint focusses on Smartness, a multidisciplinary topic, which is examined from four perspectives: Sensors, IoT, and Data Generation; Data and Information Processing; Actuation; and Digital Systems and Infrastructure. We see smartness in the way sensing is embedded in a system, the way data and information are processed, how a system interacts internally and with its environment, and whether a system is ubiquitous or limited by space (cloud-based or edge-enabled). This reprint contains a total of 14 chapters, which are grouped according to their areas of application: mobility and transportation, healthcare, industrial environments, and other urban infrastructures. This book covers a range of topics, including mobility; healthcare; image analysis; permeable pavements; solid-waste management; sensor node and gateway architectures; cloud, fog, and edge computing; air-quality monitoring; thermal anomalies and smart helmets in industrial environments; smart airports; smart districts; smart travel choices; sensor cities; artificially intelligent cities; platform urbanism; and more.
    Keywords: artificial intelligence (AI) ; artificially intelligent city ; artificially intelligence commons ; smart city ; smart urban technology ; urban informatics ; sustainable urban development ; climate change ; pandemics ; natural disasters ; sensor city ; City 4.0 ; smart urbanism ; smart governance ; disruptive urban transition ; Internet-of-Things (IoT) ; technology giants ; sensors ; transit ; bus ; transfer ; smart card ; spatial analysis ; mode choice ; internet of everything (IoE) ; 6th generation (6G) networks ; artificial intelligence ; Distributed AI as a Service (DAIaaS) ; fog computing ; edge computing ; cloud computing ; smart airport ; smart districts ; PPE ; OHS ; risk detection ; naive Bayes ; support vector machine ; convolutional neural network ; deep learning ; microcontroller ; edge-fog-cloud computing ; Internet of Things ; robotics ; autonomous driving ; image registration ; smart sensor ; real time big data ; land-use ; air quality ; particulate matter (PM10 PM2.5) ; Intelligent Transportation Systems ; functional requirements ; machine learning ; model actionability ; model evaluation ; cloud server ; customized sensor node ; customized gateway ; FLoRa simulation ; LoRa range radio ; solid waste management ; smart cities ; big data ; event detection ; road traffic ; distributed machine learning ; automatic labeling ; social media ; data analytics ; social media analytics ; Arabic tweets ; 3D microstructure reconstruction ; permeable pavement ; generative adversarial networks ; tiny AI ; tiny ML ; distributed AI as a service (DAIaaS) ; skin disease diagnosis ; healthcare ; smart societies ; smart healthcare ; reference architecture ; TensorFlow ; visually impaired ; smart mobility ; LiDAR ; ultrasonic ; obstacle detection ; obstacle recognition ; assistive tools ; green computing ; sustainability ; Arduino Uno ; smart app ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 52
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Mounting evidence in the last years has demonstrated that self-regulation of brain activity can successfully be achieved by neurofeedback (NF). These methodologies have constituted themselves as new tools for cognitive neuroscience establishing causal links between voluntary brain activations and cognition and behavior, and as potential novel approaches for clinical applications in severe neuropsychiatric disorders (e.g. schizophrenia, depression, Parkinson´s disease, etc.). Current developments of brain imaging-based neurofeedback include the study of the behavioral modifications and neural reorganization produced by learned regulation of the activity of circumscribed brain regions and neuronal network activations. In a rapidly developing field, many open questions and controversies have arisen, i.e. choosing the proper experimental design, the adequate use of control conditions and subjects, the mechanism of learning involved in brain self-regulation, and the still unexplored potential long-lasting effect on brain reorganization and clinical alleviation, among others. This special issue on self-regulation of the brain of emotion and attention using NF approaches interested authors to report technical and methodological advances, scientific investigations in understanding the relation between brain activity and behaviour using NF, and finally studies developing clinical treatment of emotional and attentional disorders. The editors of this special issue anticipate rapid developments in this emerging field.
    Keywords: RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; Brain-Computer Interfaces ; emotion ; Attention ; real-time fMRI ; Neuromodulation ; Neurofeedback ; brain-machine interfaces ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-10-25
    Description: The present book contributes to the public administration literature by providing new insights into corporate social responsibility (CSR), sustainability initiatives, and stakeholder engagement in the higher education context. The fourteen papers published in this Special Issue discuss the role of public universities in promoting sustainability actions, university missions, and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) embedded in the 2030 UN Agenda. In each contribution, avenues for research are suggested and, most importantly, stronger analytical connections are advocated between these inter-related research areas. In more detail, two papers focus their attention on university transparency and the processes’ complexity in public institutions. Furthermore, two papers focus on CSR teaching and education, three papers analyze universities’ social responsibility initiatives, and five papers focus on the SDGs. Lastly, taking into account how social networks have changed university communication and become powerful tools for building relationships with stakeholders, two papers of the Special Issue consider social media’s role in university communications.
    Keywords: Sustainable Development Goals ; higher education ; sustainability reporting ; Global Reporting Initiative ; thematic analysis ; CSR ; SDGs ; sustainable development ; institutionalization ; strategic plan ; performance measurement ; university ; university social responsibility ; universities ; social responsibility ; CSR reporting ; Italy ; sustainable development goals ; case study ; strategies ; reporting ; education ; Economia Aziendale ; CSR3 ; business ethics ; corporate social responsibility disclosure ; stakeholders engagement ; social network ; Twitter ; sustainability ; Italian universities ; stakeholder engagement ; social media ; disclosure ; corporate social responsibility (CSR) ; corporate strategy ; transparency ; public research institutes ; information disclosure ; public administration ; social justice ; university leadership ; efficiency ; support activities ; processes ; SDG 5 ; gender reporting ; gender budgeting ; Italian university ; the impact ranking ; social accounting theories ; CRUI guidelines ; teaching ; responsibility ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KN Industry & industrial studies::KNT Media, information & communication industries::KNTX Information technology industries
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-23
    Description: ca. 200 words; this text will present the book in all promotional forms (e.g. flyers). Please describe the book in straightforward and consumer-friendly terms. [There is ever more research on smart cities and new interdisciplinary approaches proposed on the study of smart cities. At the same time, problems pertinent to communities inhabiting rural areas are being addressed, as part of discussions in contigious fields of research, be it environmental studies, sociology, or agriculture. Even if rural areas and countryside communities have previously been a subject of concern for robust policy frameworks, such as the European Union’s Cohesion Policy and Common Agricultural Policy Arguably, the concept of ‘the village’ has been largely absent in the debate. As a result, when advances in sophisticated information and communication technology (ICT) led to the emergence of a rich body of research on smart cities, the application and usability of ICT in the context of a village has remained underdiscussed in the literature. Against this backdrop, this volume delivers on four objectives. It delineates the conceptual boundaries of the concept of ‘smart village’. It highlights in which ways ‘smart village’ is distinct from ‘smart city’. It examines in which ways smart cities research can enrich smart villages research. It sheds light on the smart village research agenda as it unfolds in European and global contexts.]
    Keywords: NX1-820 ; H1-99 ; TX1-1110 ; HF5001-6182 ; South America ; policymaking ; smart village ; Europe ; sustainability ; smart villages research ; European Union ; Asia ; China ; smart cities research ; ICT ; smart city ; best practice sharing ; thema EDItEUR::A The Arts
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  • 55
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-12-20
    Description: Nowadays, trust is an important determinant in the development of modern organizations. Not only is it becoming an increasingly important element of relationships between entities, but, above all, it positively influences the building of an organization's intellectual capital. This capital can be defined in different ways, but its definition always references elements that determine the potential of sustainable organizations, often in human, social, relational, organizational, and innovation dimensions. Trust is increasingly becoming the key determinant of this capital (Ko?uch, Lenart-Gansiniec, 2017). Trust also has a number of different definitions. However, the basis of many of these definitions is the building of relationships focused on developing some kind of individual or inter-organizational link. Organizational trust is a complicated concept, and it is the basis of all organized activities performed by people in the organization, largely because trust is needed to develop relationships with integrity and commitment. Thus, it is interesting to study the relationship between trust and the building of the intellectual capital of sustainable organizations. Indeed, intellectual capital plays a special role here. It is a guide and a platform for achieving not only a competitive advantage for the sustainable organization, but also a source of value creation in the short and long term. Thus, this strategic hybrid, composed of a business model, strategy, and business processes, is favorable to the development of intellectual capital (Jab?o?ski 2017). Trust is an element that ties this capital to relationships in business. Moreover, it has an integrated character (R.C. Mayer, J. H. Davis, F. D. Schoorman 1995). Assuming that, nowadays, the network paradigm is becoming increasingly important, it is worth asking how the mechanism of building trust-based intellectual capital in a sustainable organization functions as its key asset in the network environment.
    Keywords: HD72-88 ; modeling ; modal shift potential ; competition ; advertising ; deep uncertainty ; road freight transport ; integrity ; public management ; universities ; cooperation networks ; interpersonal trust ; public value ; cooperation ; risk perception ; DAG scheduling ; virtual teams ; foreign direct investment ; creative industry ; supply chain management ; antibiotics ; denial ; distress ; complexity ; consumer trust ; strategic projects ; large-scale collective action ; M&A sustainability ; stakeholders ; start-ups ; logistics service providers ; Sweden ; ethical advertising ; shockvertising ; ability ; transport services ; project success ; retained autonomy ; inter-organizational exchange relationships ; collaboration ; sustainable relationships ; trusted entities ; conceptual model ; relations ; public-social partnership ; apology ; public collaborative networks ; business processes ; networking ; co-innovation ; heterogeneous ; coordinating behavior ; structural equation modeling (SEM) ; trustworthiness ; trust repair ; cultural heritage management ; reciprocity types ; business model ; subcontracting ; penance ; General Discriminant Analysis ; Nzoia river basin ; opportunistic behaviors ; sustainability ; competences ; MCTS ; third-country relocation ; distrust ; quality culture ; prediction ; trust ; strategic hybrids ; multilevel research ; mixed-method research ; water policy gaming ; scenario-based experiments ; reciprocity-based trust ; antibiotic resistance ; consumer behavior ; trust management ; water supply companies ; international joint venture ; paradigm shift ; paradoxes ; asset specificity ; CSR ; control ; water cooperation ; cultural routes ; sustainable organizations ; performance ; higher education institutions ; online ; institutional theory ; strategy ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KC Economics::KCM Development economics & emerging economies
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  • 56
    Publication Date: 2023-12-21
    Description: The brainstem-limbic regions, including the superior colliculus, pulvinar and amygdala, receive direct perceptual information as a rapid, coarse, subcortical sensory system bypassing early sensory cortical systems, and play a central role in innate behaviors, including motivated and avoidance behaviors. Recent human neuropsychological studies including those on cortical blindness suggest that these subcortical sensory pathways are functional in the intact human brain and interact with more evolutionary recent cortical systems. This eBook presents up-to-date advancements in this area and to highlight the functions of the brainstem-limbic regions in a variety of perceptual, cognitive, affective and behavioral domains. We hope that this current Research Topic provides a comprehensive review to understand roles of the subcortical brainstem-limbic regions in some forms of sensory-motor coupling, cognitive and affective functions.
    Keywords: R5-920 ; RC321-571 ; RC435-571 ; BF1-990 ; Q1-390 ; Subcortical visual pathway ; Saccades ; Amygdala ; Pulvinar ; Superior colliculus ; Limbic system ; Cognition ; Emotion ; Faces ; Reward and aversion ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Buildings are important consumers of energy; in fact, they represent 30–45% of the global energy use and one-third of total greenhouse gas emissions, as well as contributing to the urban heat-island effect. In consequence, the correct design and execution of buildings, use of new materials that reduce energy demand, and efficient use of renewable energy are all necessary to reduce the impacts that occur during their life-cycle. This book shows some examples, focused on improving the energy-efficiency of buildings, in accordance with circular economy policies and life-cycle phases, including design, construction and use. The editor wishes to thank all the authors for contributing to this book, as well as to the assistance of MDPI’s editorial office.
    Keywords: climate-oriented ; buildings ; building construction ; climate zones ; climate change ; bibliometric ; climate zone ; building ; energy demand ; building resilience ; air quality ; air pollution ; SUNSPACE ; PM removal ; azure chemistry ; circular economy ; sustainability ; SDG 11 ; SDG 12 ; buying intention ; energy-efficient home appliances ; green self-identity ; theory of planned behavior ; waste glass ; light reflectance ; building material coatings ; soda–lime–silica glass ; lead–silica glass ; cool surface ; cool material ; cool roof ; urban heat island ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 58
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The early postnatal period is a crucial stage for hippocampal development. During this critical period, the neonatal hippocampus is highly sensitive to the detrimental consequences of adverse environmental factors. Extensive clinical and preclinical evidence has shown that traumatic events early in life have profound and persistent effects on hippocampal function and behavior. This research topic focuses on the acute and lasting effects of early-life stress on various developmental processes in the hippocampus, and aims to uncover the molecules that are responsible for early-life stress-programmed effects and underlie resilience or vulnerability to stress-related neuropsychiatric disorders later in life. We hope the articles in this research topic will provide novel insights and stimulate future studies on the mechanisms of early-life stress and brain development.
    Keywords: RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; development ; molecular mechanism ; early-life stress ; plasticity ; Hippocampus ; psychiatric disorders ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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  • 59
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Historically, cognitive sciences have considered selective attention and working memory as largely separated cognitive functions. That is, selective attention as a concept is typically reserved for the processes that allow for the prioritization of specific sensory input, while working memory entails more central structures for maintaining (and operating on) temporary mental representations. However, over the last decades various observations have been reported that question such sharp distinction. Most importantly, information stored in working memory has been shown to modulate selective attention processing – and vice versa. At the theoretical level, these observations are paralleled by an increasingly dominant focus on working memory as (involving) the attended part of long-term memory, with some positions considering that working memory is equivalent to selective attention turned to long-term memory representations – or internal selective attention. This questions the existence of working memory as a dedicated cognitive function and raises the need for integrative accounts of working memory and attention. The next step will be to explore the precise implications of attentional accounts of WM for the understanding of specific aspects and characteristics of WM, such as serial order processing, its modality-specificity, its capacity limitations, its relation with executive functions, as well as the nature of attentional mechanisms involved. This research topic in Frontiers in Human Neuroscience aims at bringing together the latest insights and findings about the interplay between working memory and selective attention.
    Keywords: RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; spatial attention ; working memory ; executive attention ; Internal attention ; short-term memory ; selective attention ; serial order ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: After almost two decades of continuous development in bio, circular, and green economy, the time is ripe for the assessment of the major achievements and challenges that private and public enterprises face today to further enhance these global sustainability concepts. Due to the central role of political incentives for the development and implementation of environmentally friendly and sustainable practices, the present book project focuses on the nexus between public policies, institutions, quality of public sector management, and patterns of interaction between government and private businesses in backing bio, green, and circular economy practices and eco-innovation. In addition, the project also accommodates surveys that elaborate on the differences between the implementation of new organizational forms and scientific innovations in technologically advanced and developing settings.
    Keywords: energy demand ; renewable energy ; biomass ; energy policies ; organizational factors ; healthcare waste management practices ; public hospitals ; Libya ; consumers ; cluster analysis ; sustainable consumption ; mass media ; social media ; green hydrogen ; green hydrogen value chain ; developing countries ; renewable energy sources ; hydrogen strategy ; scaling ; upscaling ; scaling innovation ; innovation diffusion ; innovation ; systematic literature review ; garbage sorting ; urban garbage disposal ; rural garbage disposal ; willingness ; family life ; neighbourhood ; COVID-19 ; Pakistan economy ; economic scale ; Keynesian theory ; mitigation ; economic revival measures ; innovations ; renewable power ; rebound effect ; low-carbon economy ; carbon pricing policy ; border carbon tax ; Sino–US trade friction ; export grab effect ; firm innovation ; GDP prediction ; feature selection ; deep learning ; temporal convolutional network ; organizational sustainability ; social and economic sustainability ; knowledge sharing ; organizational agility ; organizational behavior ; sustainable organizations ; economic sustainability ; consumer experience ; sustainable commerce ; online consumer behaviour ; e-commerce platform ; online purchase intention ; online customer engagement ; energy security ; energy policy ; energy resources ; sustainability ; bibliometrics ; circular business model ; open business model ; sharing economy ; circular economy ; peer-to-peer ; electricity trading ; green product ; green consumer behavior ; environmental responsibility ; environmental concern ; green purchasing decisions ; green business ; consumption dimension ; production dimension ; financial dimension ; technological dimension ; fundraising campaigns ; social networking sites ; NPO ; humanitarian response ; Kuwait ; Bahrain ; Guatemala ; forest ; property rights ; community concession ; entrepreneurship ; forest sustainability ; economic development ; free-market environmentalism ; Latin America ; consumption coupons ; purchase probability ; inventory optimization ; minimum-cost maximum-flow ; bioeconomy ; green growth ; eco-innovation ; environmental Kuznets curve ; EKC ; environmental economics and policy ; ecological economics ; resource management ; sustainable development ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology
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    Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The inferior colliculus (IC) is a unique structure in the auditory system, located between the primary auditory nuclei of the brainstem and the thalamus. The existence of the complex neural circuits in the auditory brainstem and midbrain, lacking in other sensory systems, has motivated an outpouring of research on the circuitry and physiological properties of the IC. IC neurons receive ascending inputs from over 20 separate sources in the brainstem as well as a dense collection of descending connections from the cortex. It is richly connected to both the left and right ears through these circuits and a major theme in research on the IC has been its role in binaural interactions. A second theme is the role of descending circuits in modulating responses to sound in the IC. A third theme is understanding the sound processing that occurs at the level of the IC, essentially how the representation of sound in the IC differs from that in the two auditory nerves. The representation of sound in the IC is an intermediate step in the development of the cortical representation as well as in the development of many perceptual features of sounds. These characteristics have been documented for a number of computations, including sound localization, masking properties, robustness of the representation, and responses to temporal and spectral properties of sounds. This Research Topic aims to discuss a wide range of aspects of the structure and function of the IC in a way that will facilitate future research.
    Keywords: RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; ion channel models ; inferior colliculus ; sona ; representation of sound ; internal circuitry ; Neural Pathways ; inhibitory circuits ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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  • 62
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    Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Interaction between language and cognition remains an unsolved scientific problem. What are the differences in neural mechanisms of language and cognition? Why do children acquire language by the age of six, while taking a lifetime to acquire cognition? What is the role of language and cognition in thinking? Is abstract cognition possible without language? Is language just a communication device, or is it fundamental in developing thoughts? Why are there no animals with human thinking but without human language? Combinations even among 100 words and 100 objects (multiple words can represent multiple objects) exceed the number of all the particles in the Universe, and it seems that no amount of experience would suffice to learn these associations. How does human brain overcome this difficulty?
    Keywords: RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; Brain and functional imaging ; Language ; Cognition ; Emotions ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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  • 63
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Spatial-hearing ability has been found to vary widely across listeners. A survey of the existing auditory-space perception literature suggests that three main types of factors may account for this variability: - physical factors, e.g., acoustical characteristics related to sound-localization cues, - perceptual factors, e.g., sensory/cognitive processing, perceptual learning, multisensory interactions, - and methodological factors, e.g., differences in stimulus presentation methods across studies. However, the extent to which these–and perhaps other, still unidentified—factors actually contribute to the observed variability in spatial hearing across individuals with normal hearing or within special populations (e.g., hearing-impaired listeners) remains largely unknown. Likewise, the role of perceptual learning and multisensory interactions in the emergence of a multimodal but unified representation of “auditory space,” is still an active topic of research. A better characterization and understanding of the determinants of inter-individual variability in spatial hearing, and of its relationship with perceptual learning and multisensory interactions, would have numerous benefits. In particular, it would enhance the design of rehabilitative devices and of human-machine interfaces involving auditory, or multimodal space perception, such as virtual auditory/multimodal displays in aeronautics, or navigational aids for the visually impaired. For this Research Topic, we have considered manuscripts that: - present new methods, or review existing methods, for the study of inter-individual differences; - present new data (or review existing) data, concerning acoustical features relevant for explaining inter-individual differences in sound-localization performance; - present new (or review existing) psychophysical or neurophysiological findings concerning spatial hearing and/or auditory perceptual learning, and/or multisensory interactions in humans (normal or impaired, young or older listeners) or other species; - discuss the influence of inter-individual differences on the design and use of assistive listening devices (rehabilitation) or human-machine interfaces involving spatial hearing or multimodal perception of space (ergonomy).
    Keywords: RC321-571 ; BF1-990 ; Q1-390 ; Learning ; HRTF (head related transfer function) ; Sound Localization ; spatial hearing ; adaptation ; training ; binaural cues ; spectral cues ; mulltisensory interaction ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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  • 64
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Noninvasive brain stimulation (including Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) and Transcranial Current Brain Stimulation (TCS)) can be used both experimentally and therapeutically. In the experimental domain TMS can be applied in single pulses to depolarize a small population of neurons in a targeted brain region. This protocol can be used, for example, to map cortical motor outputs, study central motor conduction time, or evaluate the cortical silent period (a measure of intracortical inhibition) all of which are relevant to neurodevelopment. TMS can also be applied in pairs of pulses (paired pulse stimulation, ppTMS) where two pulses are presented in rapid succession to study intracortical inhibition and facilitation. Trains of repeated TMS (rTMS) pulses can be applied at various stimulation frequencies and patterns to modulate local cortical excitability beyond the duration of the stimulation itself. Depending on the parameters of stimulation the excitability can be either facilitated or suppressed. TCS (including Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS), alternating current (tACS), and random noise current stimulation (tRNS) also have the potential to modulate cortical excitability and have also been used to study and modulate cortical activity in healthy and patient populations. The after-effects of rTMS and TCS are thought to be related to changes in efficacy (in either the positive or negative direction) of synaptic connections of the neurons being stimulated, thus these techniques have been used to study and modulate cortical plasticity mechanisms in a number of populations. Recently, researchers have begun to apply these techniques to the study of neurodevelopmental mechanisms as well as the pathophysiology and development of novel treatments for neurodevelopmental disorders. Though there is much promise, caution is warranted given the vulnerability of pediatric and clinical populations and the potential that these techniques have to modify circuit development in a cortex that is in a very dynamic state. This Research Topic hopes to provide an opportunity to share ideas across areas (human and animal researchers, clinicians and basic scientists). We are particularly interested in papers that address issues of choosing a protocol (intensity, frequency, location, coil geometry etc.), populations where noninvasive brain stimulation may have direct impact on diagnostics and treatment, as well as the safety and ethics of applying these techniques in pediatric populations. As many may not be aware of the potential and limitations of noninvasive brain stimulation and its use for research and treatment in this area, this Research Topic promises to have broad appeal. Submissions for all Frontiers article types are encouraged.
    Keywords: RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ; development ; Autism Spectrum Disorder ; Depression ; Neurodevelopmental Disorders ; Pediatric Stroke ; Safety ; transcranial direct current stimulation ; noninvasive brain stimulation ; pediatric ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-08
    Description: This reprint discusses the relation between nonviolence and religion by adopting Mohandas K. Gandhi’s concept of satyagraha as a starting point and by also discussing nonviolent hermeneutics of holy scriptures with a special emphasis on interpretations of the Qur’an. The first part consists of chapters that directly deal with Gandhi’s concept of nonviolence and how it influenced later faith-based peace activists. By reading Gandhi’s active nonviolence through the lens of Judith Butler’s recent work on nonviolence, it engages with contemporary discussions about violence and nonviolence and also reflects on how nonviolence relates to gender. It also looks at how Gandhi related to different religions and further broadens the usual focus on physical violence by addressing economic violence and environmental degradation. Gandhi’s view of Judaism and Zionism is critically discussed in one chapter. The second part comprises contributions that study the use of holy scriptures in relation to (non)violence, its problems, its boundaries and its inspiration. Religious authoritative texts play a major role in the continuation and legitimation of connected belief systems. Again, Gandhi’s own nonviolent hermeneutics of holy scriptures are investigated and his interpretation of the biblical figure of Daniel is especially discussed. Three contributions deal with the interpretation of the Qur’an and its potential for nonviolence. A concluding chapter provides a range of hermeneutic guidelines for an Islamic theology of nonviolence.
    Keywords: Gandhi ; interreligious theology ; Judaism ; Zionism ; satyagraha ; nonviolent resistance ; Butler ; performativity ; relational ontology ; sustainability ; nonviolence ; Catholic social thought ; alternative development ; liberation theology ; religions ; suffering ; tradition ; swaraj ; M.K. Gandhi ; R. Girard ; mimetic rivalry ; Sermon on the Mount ; spiral of violence ; detachment ; religion ; fear of death ; conscientious objection ; Christianity ; conscription ; pacifism ; holy disobedience ; nationalism ; conservativism ; political theology ; Yoram Hazony ; family ; liberal democracy ; Qur’an ; violence ; God-consciousness ; hermeneutics ; scriptures ; Bhagavad Gita ; Bible ; Paul ; history of reception ; Jawdat Saʿid ; Syria ; Islam ; Abel ; Cain ; Islamic theology ; Tafsīr ; Qurʾānic exegesis ; Islamic reform ; modernity ; history ; Chenoweth ; gender ; creative transgressions ; revolution ; Old Testament/Hebrew Bible ; Daniel ; Socrates ; apocalypses ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HR Religion & beliefs ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QR Religion and beliefs
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-01-05
    Description: The papers published in this Special Issue report on recent studies investigating the exploitation of by-products produced by the food industry. The topics investigated include the extraction setups used for valuable food waste by-products and their applications as adjuncts to food preparation; the appropriate selection of solvents and extraction processes; and the interactions between extracted fractions and supplementary foods. The papers evaluate a wide variety of foodstuffs and provide results regarding the extension their shelf-lives and activities as functional foods.
    Keywords: by-product ; rheological properties ; optimization ; melting profile ; antioxidant activity ; mayonnaise ; olive mill wastewater ; oxidative stability ; phenolic extract ; pork ; fatty acid ; amino acid ; mineral ; meat ; sustainability ; spent biomass ; prebiotic potential ; enzymatic digestion ; biorefinery ; circular economy ; by-products ; ovine scotta ; bioactive peptides ; bromelain ; pancreatin ; dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibition ; ovine second whey cheese ; enzymatic hydrolysis ; wasted bread ; bioprocessing ; lactic acid bacteria ; soil amendment ; byproducts ; vegetable oil industry ; phenolics ; flavonoids ; photochemiluminescence ; cold-pressed oil by-product ; gum ; thixotropic behavior ; low-fat vegan mayonnaise ; thickeners ; gelling agents ; tomato pomace ; lycopene ; β-carotene ; extraction ; food by-products ; deep eutectic solvents ; non-thermal drying ; stilbene ; vine shoots ; viticulture waste ; trans-resveratrol ; ε-viniferin ; Italian varieties ; no-waste ; omega-3 ; smart sensors ; reuse ; fish oil industry ; recovery ; chemometrics ; lipid profile ; aquafaba ; cold-pressed oils ; confocal laser scanning microscopy ; egg replacement ; physicochemical properties ; radical scavenging activity ; vegan mayonnaise ; Amberlite resin ; hazelnut skin ; polyphenols ; Pinot noir pomace ; solid–liquid extraction ; valorization ; fatty acids ; derivatization ; cranberry pomace ; dietary fiber ; technological properties ; kiwi byproducts ; probiotic ; prebiotic ; Lactobacillus casei ; ingredients ; functional foods ; microbial spoilage ; lipidic oxidation ; antioxidant ; predictive microbiology ; food preservation ; food safety ; sustainable strategy ; by-product reuse ; kinetic parameters ; Olea europaea ; waste reuse ; inulin ; high polymerization degree ; functional pasta ; glycemic index ; prebiotics growth ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture
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  • 67
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-02-02
    Description: The sustainable development of our planet depends on the use of energy. The increasing world population inevitably causes an increase in the demand for energy, which, on the one hand, threatens us with the potential to encounter a shortage of energy supply, and, on the other hand, causes the deterioration of the environment. Therefore, our task is to reduce this demand through different innovative solutions (i.e., both technological and social). Social marketing and economic policies can also play their role by affecting the behavior of households and companies and by causing behavioral change oriented to energy stewardship, with an overall switch to renewable energy resources. This reprint provides a platform for the exchange of a wide range of ideas, which, ultimately, would facilitate driving societies toward long-term energy efficiency.
    Keywords: natural resources ; globalization ; energy ; nonparametric causality in quantiles ; energy security ; power market ; near-zero emission technologies ; oxy-fuel combustion cycles ; emission rights sales mechanism ; economic assessment ; Oil Companies ; innovations ; investments in R&amp ; D ; forecasting the Innovation activities ; industry 4.0 ; Agenda 2030 ; sustainable human development ; measuring development ; energy sustainability ; indirect measurement ; composed indexes ; forecasting ; linear regression ; planning ; polynomial regression ; power supply ; green building ; housing projects management ; sustainable construction ; renewable energy sources ; real estate developers ; deviation ; energy dependence ; energy efficiency management ; energy saving ; cost ; risk limit ; energy industry ; energy supply ; energy intensity ; energy efficiency ; energy industry risks ; dilemma ; development ; Kazakhstan ; energy transitions ; Latin America ; power system ; sustainability ; economic growth ; pollution ; renewable energy ; oil and gas industry ; investments ; rating ; competitiveness ; financial analysis ; risk ; profitability ; merchandising technologies ; correlation ; scenario ; social development ; optimization ; investment ; financial portfolio ; financial leverage ; integral rating ; industry rating ; high-tech company ; decision-making ; minimax ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KC Economics::KCN Environmental economics
    Language: English
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  • 68
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-02-01
    Description: Today, modern Geotechnical Engineers, who in the past would have considered the phenomena occurring in the (primarily soil) environment, are faced with developments in environmental sciences that are becoming increasingly more detailed and sophisticated, with the natural phenomena and processes surrounding the civil engineering infrastructure being modeled, designed, monitored, and assessed in a more holistic way. This book brings together the state of the art in geotechnics with a focus on sustainable design, resilience, construction, and monitoring of the performance of geotechnical assets from ground investigations, through foundation and drainage design to soil stabilization and reinforcement. Engineers and scientists working in the fields of green infrastructure, nature-based solutions, sustainable drainage, eco-engineering, hydro-geology, landscape planning, plant science, environmental biology or bio-chemistry, earth sciences, GIS, and remote sensing are represented here by articles that show significant geotechnical components or applications. Case studies showcasing the application of the sustainable development principles (e.g., reuse, recycle, reduce; stakeholder engagement; public health; UN Global Sustainability Goals) in Geotechnics are also included in this book.
    Keywords: machine learning ; random forest ; particle swarm optimization ; Vietnam ; Seepage ; Earth-fill dam ; Experimental analysis ; Numerical analysis ; SEEP/W model ; Dam safety and sustainability ; highway construction ; environmental protection ; soil loss ; erosion control ; risk ; hazard ; vulnerability ; landslides ; multicriteria assessment ; analytical hierarchy process ; calcium sulfoaluminate cement ; stabilized soil ; unconfined compressive strength ; hydration products ; microstructure ; sustainability ; geosynthetics ; poly(lactic acid) ; biopolymers ; geogrids ; tensile strength ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues
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  • 69
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-02-01
    Description: This book was proposed and organized as a means to present recent developments in the field of testing of materials and elements in civil engineering. For this reason, the articles highlighted in this editorial relate to different aspects of testing of different materials and elements in civil engineering, from building materials to building structures. The current trend in the development of testing of materials and elements in civil engineering is mainly concerned with the detection of flaws and defects in concrete elements and structures, and acoustic methods predominate in this field. As in medicine, the trend is towards designing test equipment that allows one to obtain a picture of the inside of the tested element and materials. Interesting results with significance for building practices were obtained.
    Keywords: rock bolt ; grouting quality ; dynamic response ; natural frequency ; finite element method ; monitoring ; historical masonry wall ; hygrothermal processes ; internal insulation ; testing of building materials ; test uncertainty ; validation of test methods ; sustainable test methods ; recycling ; foamed asphalt mixtures with cement (FAC) ; base layer ; reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) ; fatigue durability ; GFRP ; FRP reinforcement ; shear ; capacity ; reinforced concrete beams ; column ; stiffness ; FRCM ; PBO mesh ; PBO–FRCM ; carpentry joints ; scarf and splice joints ; stop-splayed scarf joints (‘bolt of lightning’) ; static behaviour ; experimental research ; concrete ; non-destructive testing ; ultrasounds ; ultrasonic tomography ; acoustic methods ; defects ; diagnostic ; detection ; convolutional neural networks ; transfer learning ; monitoring FBG ; power transmission tower ; civil engineering ; X-ray microtomography ; microstructure characteristics ; infiltration damage ; high-strength concrete ; steel fibres ; flexural tensile strength ; fracture energy ; numerical analysis ; concrete floors ; compressive strength ; strength distribution ; industrial floors ; ultrasound tests ; ventilated facades ; large-scale facade model ; fire safety ; fiber cement board ; large-slab ceramic tile ; plasterboards ; moisture content ; hydration processes ; mechanical properties ; ultrasound measurements ; ESD resin ; expansion joint ; quasi-plastic material ; energy absorption ; asphalt mix ; compaction index ; volumetric parameters ; stiffness modulus ; moisture resistance ; roughness ; texture ; close-range photogrammetry ; bond strength ; random field generation ; semivariograms ; hybrid truss bridge ; steel–concrete connection joint ; mechanical behavior ; failure mode ; strain ; static test ; static elastic modulus ; dynamic elastic modulus ; machine learning ; P-wave ; S-wave ; resonance frequency test ; nondestructive method ; Al–Ti laminate ; fracture ; acoustic emission diagnostic ; pattern recognition ; clustering AE signal ; storage systems ; tab connector ; flexural test ; capable design moment ; restrained ring test ; autogenous shrinkage cracking ; concrete cracking test ; concrete shrinkage cracking test ; restrined ring calibration ; cement–fiber boards ; acoustic emission method ; k-means algorithm ; wavelet analysis ; fiber composites ; ground penetrating radar (GPR) ; HMA dielectric constant ; road pavement thickness estimation ; early age concrete ; damage processes detection before loading ; strength of structures ; aggregate ; classification ; wire mesh ; roundness ; tilting angle ; opening size ; concrete centrifugation ; morphology ; image processing ; porosity ; cement ; waste paper sludge ash (WPSA) ; controlled low-strength material (CLSM) ; unconfined compressive strength ; bearing capacity ; backfill material ; P-wave velocity ; amplitude attenuation ; resistivity ; CT scan ; sandstone ; damage variable ; nuclear magnetic resonance ; spin-lattice relaxometry ; proton ; hydration kinetics ; superplasticizer ; ready-mixed concrete ; construction material ; quality assessment ; conformity criteria ; statistical-fuzzy method ; FRTP ; rivet ; connection ; polyethylene pipe ; mechanical properties of polyethylene ; resistance strain ; computer simulation ; residual shear stress ; particle crushing ; ring shear test ; particle flow code (PFC2D) ; frictional work ; fibre-reinforced concrete ; recycled steel fibres ; micro-computed tomography ; scanning electron microscopy ; tensile strength ; reinforced concrete ; diagnostic testing ; corrosion ; carbonation ; galvanostatic pulse method ; phase composition analysis ; X-ray analysis ; thermal analysis ; quasi-brittle cement composites ; low-module polypropylene fibres ; elastic range ; digital image correlation ; Arcan shear test ; wood ; orthotropic shear modulus ; elastic-plastic material ; shear wave velocity ; sand ; bender elements test ; grain-size characteristics ; complex modulus ; shrinkage analysis ; reclaimed asphalt ; mineral–cement emulsion mixtures ; cement dusty by-products (UCPPs) ; degradation of glass panels ; effective area ratio ; relative mass loss ; visible light transmittance ; windblown sand ; wood-plastic composites ; methods of testing resistance to fungi ; methods of assessment ; ground-penetrating radar (GPR) ; non-destructive techniques (NDT) ; corrosion of reinforcement ; slip resistance ; granite floor ; slip resistance value ; ramp test ; acceptance angle ; sliding friction coefficient ; comparability of test methods ; wall temperature ; fibre bragg grating sensors ; freeze-thaw cycles ; signal analysis ; short-time Fourier transform ; fast Fourier transform ; brine ; sodium chloride ; X-ray ; partition walls ; brick walls ; bending strength ; cracking ; post-tension ; cable ; girder ; destructive test ; non-destructive test ; structural health monitoring ; safety ; monitoring fibre Bragg grating ; mining areas ; strain/stress distribution ; geopolymer concrete ; fly-ash ; bottom-ash ; neural network ; sustainability ; industrial waste management ; flexural strength ; cladding ; AE acoustic emission ; micro-events ; sound spectrum ; traditional and quasi-brittle cement composites ; residual-state creep ; saturation front ; landslides ; erosional stability ; laboratory testing ; grout mixtures ; groundwater ; test apparatus ; testing ; building materials ; elements ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues
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    Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Synaptic transmission demands the operation of a highly specialized metabolic machinery involving the transfer of metabolites and neurotransmitters between neurons, astrocytes and microvessels. In the last years, important advances have occurred in our understanding of the mechanisms underlying cerebral activation, neuroglial coupling and the associated neurovascular response. Briefly, exacerbated oxygen consumption in stimulated neurons is thought to trigger glycolytic lactate and glucose transfer from astrocytes which, in turn, obtain these fuels from the microvasculature. Neurotransmitter release is made possible by a combination of transcellular cycles exchanging metabolites between these three compartments, returning eventually the synapsis to its pre-firing situation in the resting periods. In spite of the enormous progresses achieved in recent years, the drivers determining the predominant direction of the fluxes, their quantitative contribution and their energy requirements, have remained until today incompletely understood, more particularly under the circumstances prevailing in vivo. In many instances, progress derived from the implementation of novel methodological approaches including advanced neuroimaging and neurospectroscopy methods. As a consequence, literature in the field became vast, diverse and spread within journals of different specialities. The e-book "Transcellular cycles underlying neurotransmission" aims to summaryze in a single volume, recent progress achieved in hypothesis, methods and interpretations on the trafficking of metabolites between neurons and glial cells, and the associated mechanisms of neurovascular coupling.
    Keywords: RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; Neuroimaging ; functional MRI ; Neuroglial metabolic coupling ; glutamate-glutamine cycle ; Astrocytic Networks ; Astrocyte-neuron lactate shuttle ; 13C NMR ; Neurovascular coupling ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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    Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Metaphor has been an issue of intense research and debate for decades (see, for example [1]). Researchers in various disciplines, including linguistics, psychology, computer science, education, and philosophy have developed a variety of theories, and much progress has been made [2]. For one, metaphor is no longer considered a rhetorical flourish that is found mainly in literary texts. Rather, linguists have shown that metaphor is a pervasive phenomenon in everyday language, a major force in the development of new word meanings, and the source of at least some grammatical function words [3]. Indeed, one of the most influential theories of metaphor involves the suggestion that the frequency of metaphoric language results because cross-domain mappings are a major determinant in the organization of semantic memory, as cognitive and neural resources for dealing with concrete domains are recruited for the conceptualization of more abstract ones [4]. Researchers in cognitive neuroscience have explored whether particular kinds of brain damage are associated with metaphor production and comprehension deficits, and whether similar brain regions are recruited when healthy adults understand the literal and metaphorical meanings of the same words (see [5] for a review). Whereas early research on this topic focused on the issue of the role of hemispheric asymmetry in the comprehension and production of metaphors [6], in recent years cognitive neuroscientists have argued that metaphor is not a monolithic category, and that metaphor processing varies as a function of numerous factors, including the novelty or conventionality of a particular metaphoric expression, its part of speech, and the extent of contextual support for the metaphoric meaning (see, e.g., [7], [8], [9]). Moreover, recent developments in cognitive neuroscience point to a sensorimotor basis for many concrete concepts, and raise the issue of whether these mechanisms are ever recruited to process more abstract concepts [10]. This Frontiers Research Topic brings together contributions from researchers in cognitive neuroscience whose work involves the study of metaphor in language and thought in order to promote the development of the neuroscientific investigation of metaphor. Adopting an interdisciplinary perspective, it synthesizes current findings on the cognitive neuroscience of metaphor, provides a forum for voicing novel perspectives, and promotes avenues for new research on the metaphorical brain.
    Keywords: RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; figurative language comprehension ; Schizophrenia ; hemispheric specialization ; embodiment ; right hemisphere damage ; Alzheimer's disease ; Executive Function ; autism ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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  • 72
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-05-06
    Description: This book discusses the role of environmental and social impact assessments in companies, such as profit and non-profit realities as a pathway for sustainable development and the role of hybrid organizations in the context of growth and change. The book includes theoretical analyses, case studies, and literature reviews on impact assessment using broad perspectives. Finally, the links between social assessment and social finance are addressed.
    Keywords: environmental and social impact assessment ; dam and mega-projects ; forced displacement and resettlement ; land eviction and expropriation ; Borneo and Orang Ulu ; first nations and ethnic minorities ; social finance ; social banking ; sustainable development ; bibliometric analysis ; principle of sustainable development ; public interest ; individual interest ; cultural heritage ; law ; hybrid organization ; social impact ; value creation ; civil service ; social impact assessment ; social impact models ; sustainability ; third sector ; SIA models ; comprehensive review ; human capital ; integrated reporting ; building information modelling (BIM) ; construction and demolition waste (CDW) ; design build (DB) ; environmental assessment ; public client ; waste minimization ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KN Industry & industrial studies::KNT Media, information & communication industries::KNTX Information technology industries
    Language: English
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  • 73
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This Systems Thinking Special Issue contains 12 papers on the nature of systems thinking as it applies to systems engineering, systems science, system dynamics, and related fields. Systems thinking can be broadly considered the activity of thinking applied in a systems context, forming a basis for fundamental approaches to several systems disciplines, including systems engineering, systems science, and system dynamics. Although these are somewhat distinct fields, they are bound by common approaches in regard to systems. Whereas systems engineering seeks to apply a multidisciplinary, holistic approach to the development of systems, systems science seeks to understand the basics related to systems of all kinds, from natural to man-made, and system dynamics seeks to understand system structures in order to influence its dynamics. Man-made systems have become more ubiquitous and complex. The study of systems, both natural and engineered, presents new challenges and opportunities to understand emergent, dynamic behaviors that inform the process of sense-making based on systems thinking.
    Keywords: systems philosophy ; heuristic systems principles ; scientific systems principles ; general systems principles ; specialized systems principles ; general systems theory ; GST ; sustainability ; systems thinking ; UN sustainable development goals ; mental models ; neoliberalism ; ecological economics ; isomorphic systems processes (ISPs) ; Monterey Phoenix (MP) ; behavior modeling ; emergent behavior ; cycles and cycling ; systems processes theory (SPT) ; family ; family system ; natural systems thinking ; Murray Bowen ; integrative theory ; competence ; maturity models ; worldview ; Worldview Inquiry Framework ; General Inquiry Framework ; system thinking ; systems approach ; capacity for systems thinking ; Myers Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) personality type test ; concept map ; termbase ; systems perspective ; ontology of systems ; frontier research ; shadow IT ; IT integration ; IT integration drawbacks ; application integration ; path dependency ; path biography ; switching costs ; education for sustainable development ; teacher education ; systems education ; soft systems methodology (SSM) ; bibliometrics ; academic impact of SSM ; data visualization ; systems engineering ; healthcare system design ; clinical models ; socio-technical system ; model-based systems engineering ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
    Language: English
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  • 74
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-04-05
    Description: This reprint explores the challenges faced by Europe as it transitions to renewable energy sources to reduce carbon emissions and enhance energy security. With 10 articles covering various countries and sectors, the book delves into issues such as solar and wind energy intermittency, the role of energy policies, and the integration of energy grids and markets. The collection also includes studies on the impact of energy policies on residential energy efficiency, the use of financial incentives for eco-friendly housing, and the benefits of district heating. The reprint aims to provide policymakers, academics, and practitioners with valuable insights into the current state of renewable energy in Europe and the policies and actions that can be taken to achieve a sustainable energy future.
    Keywords: energy efficiency ; econometrics ; EPCs ; incentive policies ; Portugal ; natural gas ; carbon dioxide emissions ; economic growth ; consumption of renewables ; renewable energy ; energy transition ; energy security ; energy policies ; electricity prices ; biofuel ; levelized cost of heat ; heat supply ; thermal energy ; delivery costs ; environmental tax rates ; solid fuel boiler ; clean technologies ; financial development ; pollutant emission ; renewable energy consumption ; Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) ; coal supply ; model of production type ; flow representation ; domestic production and imports ; district heating ; combined heat and power ; review ; energy policy ; eco-friendly houses ; energy economics ; Lisbon ; sustainability ; statistical analysis ; sustainable development ; green investment ; green growth ; green energy ; electromobility ; development conditions ; market sectors ; data analysis ; statistical methods ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KC Economics::KCM Development economics & emerging economies
    Language: English
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  • 75
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The book Green, Energy-Efficient and Sustainable Networks provides insights and solutions for a range of problems in the field of obtaining greener, energy-efficient, and sustainable networks. The book contains the outcomes of the Special Issue on “Green, Energy-Efficient and Sustainable Networks” of the Sensors journal. Seventeen high-quality papers published in the Special Issue have been collected and reproduced in this book, demonstrating significant achievements in the field. Among the published papers, one paper is an editorial and one is a review, while the remaining 15 works are research articles. The published papers are self-contained peer-reviewed scientific works that are authored by more than 75 different contributors with both academic and industry backgrounds. The editorial paper gives an introduction to the problem of information and communication technology (ICT) energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions, presenting the state of the art and future trends in terms of improving the energy-efficiency of wireless networks and data centers, as the major energy consumers in the ICT sector. In addition, the published articles aim to improve energy efficiency in the fields of software-defined networking, Internet of things, machine learning, authentication, energy harvesting, wireless relay systems, routing metrics, wireless sensor networks, device-to-device communications, heterogeneous wireless networks, and image sensing. The last paper is a review that gives a detailed overview of energy-efficiency improvements and methods for the implementation of fifth-generation networks and beyond. This book can serve as a source of information in industrial, teaching, and/or research and development activities. The book is a valuable source of information, since it presents recent advances in different fields related to greening and improving the energy-efficiency and sustainability of those ICTs particularly addressed in this book
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; node speed ; linear recovery ; resource block allocation ; social awareness ; internet-of-things ; scheduling algorithm ; renewables ; neural network ; battery capacity ; energy awareness ; measurement structure ; optimization ; energy efficiency ; charging efficiency ; random structural matrices ; SDN ; water filling algorithm ; ONOS ; energy harvesting ; malware detection ; node density ; HetNets ; sustainability ; cooperative smart community ; adversarial samples ; spatial modulation ; NOMA ; 5G ; light-weight authentication ; green networking ; Device-to-Device (D2D) ; lightweight cipher ; mobile edge computing ; wireless power transfer ; adaptive link rate ; successive interference cancellation (SIC) ; directional charging vehicle ; self-interference cancellation ; proportional rate constraint ; inter-meeting time ; sustainable ; RWSN ; channel state information ; stochastic geometry ; networks ; green internet of things (IoT) ; PHY-layer ; IoT ; Markov chain ; traffic engineering ; QoS ; energy-efficient Ethernet ; power ; lightweight authentication ; energy aware routing ; authentication ; wired access ; amplify-and-forward ; software defined networking (SDN) ; image compressive sensing (CS) ; green ; edge computing ; LTE-A ; opportunistic networks ; RF Fingerprinting ; data centre ; multiple-input multiple-output ; Internet of Things ; machine learning ; peer discovery ; full-duplex ; industrial ; carbon footprint ; WSN ; imperfect CSI ; data center ; symbol error probability ; physical-layer authentication ; interference coordination ; clustering ; control and data plane ; wireless ; ICT ; bisection based optimal power allocation ; energy-efficiency ; consumer preferences ; real-time traffic ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 76
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The Volume II is entitled “Neurostimulation and pharmacological approaches”. This volume describes augmentation approaches, where improvements in brain functions are achieved by modulation of brain circuits with electrical or optical stimulation, or pharmacological agents. Activation of brain circuits with electrical currents is a conventional approach that includes such methods as (i) intracortical microstimulation (ICMS), (ii) transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), and (iii) transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). tDCS and TMS are often regarded as noninvasive methods. Yet, they may induce long-lasting plastic changes in the brain. This is why some authors consider the term “noninvasive” misleading when used to describe these and other techniques, such as stimulation with transcranial lasers. The volume further discusses the potential of neurostimulation as a research tool in the studies of perception, cognition and behavior. Additionally, a notion is expressed that brain augmentation with stimulation cannot be described as a net zero sum proposition, where brain resources are reallocated in such a way that gains in one function are balanced by costs elsewhere. In recent years, optogenetic methods have received an increased attention, and several articles in Volume II cover different aspects of this technique. While new optogenetic methods are being developed, the classical electrical stimulation has already been utilized in many clinically relevant applications, like the vestibular implant and tactile neuroprosthesis that utilizes ICMS. As a peculiar usage of neurostimulation and pharmacological methods, Volume II includes several articles on augmented memory. Memory prostheses are a popular recent development in the stimulation-based BMIs. For example, in a hippocampal memory prosthesis, memory content is extracted from hippocampal activity using a multiple-input, multiple-output non-linear dynamical model. As to the pharmacological approaches to augmenting memory and cognition, the pros and cons of using nootropic drugs are discussed.
    Keywords: RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; microcircuits ; Brain machine interface (BMI) ; nootropics ; tDCStranscranial direct current stimulation ; neural networks ; neuroprosthesis ; TMS ; implants ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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  • 77
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Water resource management includes the consideration of all disciplines of hydrology and water sources. Water supplies are allocated and diverted to cover the water needs of a range of agricultural, municipal, industrial, hydro-electrical, and ecological water uses. These water uses are, usually, very competitive, as the available water resources are limited and it is not possible to cover the total water needs in a basin, requiring the setting of water use priorities to best serve societal and ecological needs. To manage the water resources and waterworks may, sometimes, lead to confrontational deliberations and negotiations. As a result, water resource management is one of the world’s greatest challenges due to competition for limited resources, regional disparities in water supply and affluence, mounting global water demand, aquifer depletion, and pollution- and climate-change-induced water stress. Proper policy and governance for sustainable water resource management is essential and require new fresh ideas, innovation, and international cooperation. This book includes seven papers by invited renowned researchers and engineers to cover issues of water resource management, governance, and policy. These issues include the following topics: Integrated water resource management; Water resource systems and water availability; National and international water policy, institutional arrangements, and water law; Water conflict resolution, public participation, and decision making; Water resource management, policy and governance in socially and environmentally sensitive areas and regions.
    Keywords: water allocation ; planning ; river/reservoir systems ; water availability modeling ; global change ; integrated assessment modelling ; system dynamics simulation ; water resources management ; water supply ; climate change ; earth system ; feedback ; conflicts ; environmental flows ; small-scale hydropower projects ; institutional change ; nestedness ; governance mode ; legal pluralism ; mulberry-dyke-fish pond ecosystem ; spatial evolution analysis ; remote sensing ; Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area ; prolonged drought ; scarcity ; indicators ; transboundary river basins ; Iberian Peninsula ; climate crisis ; water adaptation ; Greece ; Koronia lake ; sustainability ; Mygdonia Basin ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 78
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Despite increased knowledge, and more sophisticated experimental and modeling approaches, fundamental questions remain about how electricity can interact with ongoing brain function in information processing or as a medical intervention. Specifically, what biophysical and network mechanisms allow for weak electric fields to strongly influence neuronal activity and function? How can strong and weak fields induce meaningful changes in CNS function? How do abnormal endogenous electric fields contribute to pathophysiology? Topics included in the review range from the role of field effects in cortical oscillations, transcranial electrical stimulation, deep brain stimulation, modeling of field effects, and the role of field effects in neurological diseases such as epilepsy, hemifacial spasm, trigeminal neuralgia, and multiple sclerosis.
    Keywords: RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ; ephaptic ; Systems neuroscience ; brain oscillation ; transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) ; stimulation ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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  • 79
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The superordinate division of emotions is distributed along a bipolar dimension of affective valence, from approaching rewarding situations to avoiding punitive situations. Avoiding and approaching behaviors determine the disposition to the primary emotions of fear and attachment and the behavioral responses to the environmental stimuli of danger, novelty and reward. Approach or avoidance behaviors are associated with the brain pathways controlling cognitive and attentional function, reward sensitivity and emotional expression, involving prefrontal cortex, amygdala, striatum and cerebellum. Individual differences in approach and avoidance behavior might be modulated by normal variance in the level of functioning of different neurotransmitter systems, such as dopaminergic, serotoninergic, noradrenergic and endocannabinoid systems as well as many peptides such as corticotropin releasing hormone. These substances act at various central target areas to increase intensity of appetitive or defensive motivation. Physiologically, personality temperaments of approach and avoidance are viewed as instigators of propensity. They produce immediate affective, cognitive and behavioral inclinations in response to stimuli and orient individuals across domains and situations in a consistent fashion. Although the action undoubtedly emerges directly from these temperamental proclivities, ultimate behavioral outcomes are often a function of the integration among goal pursuit, self-regulation, and temperament trait. Defective coping strategies to aversive or rewarding stimuli characterize the patho-physiology of anxiety- and stress-related disorders or compulsive and addiction behaviors, respectively. Individuals with neuropsychiatric symptoms such as depression, suicidal behavior, bipolar mania, schizophrenia, substance use disorders, pathological gambling and anxiety disorders have scores which fall at the extreme tails of the normal distribution for a specific temperamental trait. The present Research Topic on the individual differences in emotional and motivational processing emphasizes the link between neuronal pattern and behavioral expression. The Topic includes experimental and clinical researches addressing the individual differences related to approach and avoidance and their behavioral characterization, structural and neurochemical profiles, synaptic connections, and receptor expressions. Studies are organized in a framework that puts in evidence the phenotypic expression and neurobiological patterns characterizing the individual differences and their biological variance.
    Keywords: RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; Fear System ; stress ; reinforcement sensitivity theory ; Anxiety ; motivational disorders ; personality traits ; rewarding and aversive stimuli ; affective and emotional neuroscience ; dopaminergic and endocannabinoid systems ; resilience ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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  • 80
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The field of autonomic neuroscience research concentrates on those neural pathways and processes that ultimately modulate parasympathetic and sympathetic output to alter peripheral organ function. In the following ebook, laboratories from across the field have contributed reviews and original research to summarize current views on the role of the brain in tuning peripheral organ performance to regulate body temperature, glucose homeostasis and blood pressure.
    Keywords: RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; Hypertension ; Nucleus Accumbens ; Thermogenesis ; vagal afferents ; TRPV Cation Channels ; Leptin ; Sympathetic Nervous System ; Parasympathetic Nervous System ; Glucose ; Hypoglycemia ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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  • 81
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The ultimate goal of functional brain imaging is to provide optimal estimates of the neural signals flowing through the long-range and local pathways mediating all behavioral performance and conscious experience. In functional MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging), despite its impressive spatial resolution, this goal has been somewhat undermined by the fact that the fMRI response is essentially a blood-oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) signal that only indirectly reflects the nearby neural activity. The vast majority of fMRI studies restrict themselves to describing the details of these BOLD signals and deriving non-quantitative inferences about their implications for the underlying neural activity. This Frontiers Research Topic welcomed empirical and theoretical contributions that focus on the explicit relationship of non-invasive brain imaging signals to the causative neural activity. The articles presented within this resulting eBook aim to both highlight the importance and improve the non-invasive estimation of neural signals in the human brain. To achieve this aim, the following issues are targeted: (1) The spatial limitations of source localization when using MEG/EEG. (2) The coupling of the BOLD signal to neural activity. Articles discuss how animal studies are fundamental in increasing our understanding of BOLD fMRI signals, analyze how non-neuronal cell types may contribute to the modulation of cerebral blood flow, and use modeling to improve our understanding of how local field potentials are linked to the BOLD signal. (3) The contribution of excitatory and inhibitory neuronal activity to the BOLD signal. (4) Assessment of neural connectivity through the use of resting state data, computational modeling and functional Diffusion Tensor Imaging (fDTI) approaches.
    Keywords: RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; Neuroimaging ; functional MRI ; human brain ; connectivity ; EEG ; DTI ; neurovascular ; neural signal estimation ; BOLD ; MEG ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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  • 82
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Due to its low adaptability to climate change, the MENA region has become a "hot spot". Water scarcity, extreme heat, drought, and crop failure will worsen as the region becomes more urbanized and industrialized. Both water and food scarcity are made worse by civil wars, terrorism, and political and social unrest. It is unclear how climate change will affect the MENA water–food–energy nexus. All of these concerns need to be empirically evaluated and quantified for a full climate change assessment in the region. Policymakers in the MENA region need to be aware of this interconnection between population growth, rapid urbanization, food safety, climate change, and the global goal of lowering greenhouse gas emissions (as planned in COP27). Researchers from a wide range of disciplines have come together in this SI to investigate the connections between water, food, energy, and climate in the region. By assessing the impacts of climate change on hydrological processes, natural disasters, water supply, energy production and demand, and environmental impacts in the region, this SI will aid in implementation of sustainable solutions to these challenges across multiple spatial scales.
    Keywords: drought ; flood ; standard precipitation index ; rainfall anomaly index ; soil conservation service-curve number ; high-heat devices ; electronics cooling ; thermal management ; CFD ; heat transfer enhancement ; microchannels ; inserts ; greenhouse gases ; geospatial analysis ; remote sensing ; Arabian Peninsula ; climate change ; rainwater harvesting ; arid areas ; metrologic analysis ; hydrologic modeling ; AHP ; decolorization ; direct red-81 ; graphene ; methylene blue ; nitrate reductases ; operating parameters ; zero-valent iron ; water pricing ; urban infrastructure ; multi-block pricing ; externality costing ; single-block pricing ; urban warming ; urban bias ; land surface temperature ; MODIS ; GAIA dataset ; Mann–Kendall test ; Theil–Sen estimator ; CO2 absorption ; MEA ; membrane contactor ; porosity ; pore size ; natural convection ; melting PCM ; enthalpy-porosity method ; mushy zone parameter ; adsorption ; membrane ; adsorptive membrane ; activated carbon ; dye removal ; hybrid membrane ; solar concentrator ; thermal ; helical rotating shaft ; active methods ; GIS ; Nile Delta region ; modified DRASTIC-LU ; groundwater vulnerability ; geospatial technique ; energy hub ; cogeneration systems ; Archimedes optimization algorithm ; sustainable ; emissions ; water management ; irrigation water requirements ; CROPWAT model ; numerical simulation ; turbulent flow ; plate heat exchanger ; sand and dust storms ; hydrology ; surface and ground water changes ; spatial-temporal analysis ; Middle East ; assessment ; protection structures ; inundation ; hazards ; shoreline changes ; Nile Delta ; modeling ; biogas ; methane ; landfill of Mohammedia ; upgrading ; gold nanoparticles ; instant nanosynthesis ; urchin-shaped nanogold ; green capping agent ; biocompatible nanogold ; groundwater salinization ; ion ratios ; stable isotopes ; seawater mixing index (SMI) ; northwest coast ; weighted overlay model ; analytical hierarchical process (ahp) ; thematic layers ; biochar ; croplands and rangelands ; carbon sequestration ; organic manures ; aquaculture ; sustainability ; Egypt ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science
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  • 83
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Sigmund Freud was a trained neuroanatomist and wrote his first psychoanalytical theory in neuroscientific terms. Throughout his life, he maintained the belief that at some distant day in the future, all psychoanalytic processes could be tied to a neural basis: “We must recollect that all of our provisional ideas in psychology will presumably one day be based on an organic substructure” (Freud 1914, On Narcissism: An Introduction). Fundamental Freudian concepts reveal their foundation in the physiological science of his time, most importantly among them the concept of libidinous energy and the homeostatic “principle of constancy”. However, the subsequent history of psychoanalysis and neuroscience was mainly characterized by mutual ignorance or even opposition; many scientists accused psychoanalytic viewpoints not to be scientifically testable, and many psychoanalysts claimed that their theories did not need empirical support outside of the therapeutic situation. On this historical background, it may appear surprising that the recent years have seen an increasing interest in re-connecting psychoanalysis and neuroscience in various ways: By studying psychodynamic consequences of brain lesions in neurological patients, by investigating how psychoanalytic therapy affects brain structure and function, or even by operationalizing psychoanalytic concepts in well-controlled experiments and exploring their neural correlates. These empirical studies are accompanied by theoretical work on the philosophical status of the “neuropsychoanalytic” endeavour. In this volume, we attempt to provide a state-of-the-art overview of this new exciting field. All types of submissions are welcome, including research in patient populations, healthy human participants and animals, review articles on some empirical or theoretical aspect, and of course also critical accounts of the new field. Despite this welcome variability, we would like to suggest that all contributions attempt to address one (or both) of two main questions, which should motivate the connection between psychoanalysis and neuroscience and that in our opinion still remain exigent: First, from the neuroscientific side, why should researchers in the neurosciences address psychoanalytic ideas, and what is (or will be) the impact of this connection on current neuroscientific theories? Second, from the psychoanalytic side, why should psychoanalysts care about neuroscientific studies, and (how) can current psychoanalytical theory and practice benefit from their results? Of course, contributors are free to provide a critical viewpoint on these two questions as well.
    Keywords: RC321-571 ; BF1-990 ; Q1-390 ; Neuroscience ; Neuropsychoanalysis ; psychodynamic psychotherapy ; psychoanalysis ; neuroimaging ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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  • 84
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    Unknown
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: Higher education has been considered both an ‘engine’ for innovation and a ‘catalyst’ for sustainability development; the integration of both the innovation engine and sustainability catalyst roles are discussed in a recently published Special Issue on the theme of Higher Education in Innovation Ecosystems in the journal Sustainability. Based on 16 articles contributing to the Special Issue from various perspectives, the Special Issue editors have developed an overarching framework about the relationships between higher education and innovation ecosystems. In the framework, we re-define the concept of innovation ecosystem and identify emerging roles of universities in developing sustainable innovation ecosystems. Re-conceptualization of innovation ecosystems In the editorial of the Special Issue, innovation ecosystem is defined as: co-innovation networks in which actors from organizations concerned with the functions of knowledge production, wealth creation, and norm control interact with each other in forming co-evolution and interdependent relations (both direct or indirect) in cross-geographical contexts and through which new ideas and approaches from various internal and external sources are integrated into a platform to generate shared values for the sustainable transformation of society. Compared with most commonly cited definitions of innovation ecosystem, our definition highlights three new aspects of interactions in co-innovation networks: cross-sectoral, transnational, and indirect, drawing insights from the literature including innovation, geography, and biology studies. The roles of universities in innovation ecosystems The emerging roles of universities in innovation ecosystems are as follows: (1) The role of universities is changing from being a central player in technology transfer to being an anchor in knowledge exchange; (2) universities are assuming a new role in trust-building between actors in innovation ecosystems; and (3) universities are not merely an entrepreneurial universities but are also institutional entrepreneur in the innovation ecosystem. The three emerging roles all indicate that universities are becoming the catalysts for sustainable development in innovation ecosystems. Knowledge exchange is crucial for sustainability; trust is the foundation of the sustainable networks; social entrepreneurship is indispensable for sustainable social change. Evidence in wider contexts A total of 44 authors from 10 countries contributed to the discussions on the changing roles of higher education in innovation ecosystems from varying perspectives. They also report transformations within higher education and universities’ responses to both external and internal transformations. When addressing these issues, the studies provide both theoretical and methodological contributions to the research on higher education in innovation ecosystems. The 16 articles can be generally placed into four categories: (1) new demands for universities arising from the transformation in society toward innovation ecosystems, (2) transformations within higher education responding to emerging societal demands, (3) dynamics of the interaction of university with other innovation actors in a transnational context, and (4) academic and student mobility for higher education innovation. Calling for a new research agenda While societal changes demand broader roles of universities, they also call for and leads to substantial changes within the internal fabric of the university. The innovations in both society and the universities necessitate a renewed understanding of higher education in society, which has become a new research agenda in studies on innovation in higher education. We hope our Special Issue will inspire and encourage more scholars to join the research field.
    Keywords: transnational industry cooperation ; transnational university cooperation ; transnational innovation ecosystem ; EU–China ; science, technology and innovation cooperation ; transdisciplinary approach ; artificial intelligence ; machine learning ; Higher Education ; University ; Entrepreneurial competences ; Employability ; Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) ; Open Innovation ; business creation ; technology transfer ; innovation ; innovation ecosystem ; entrepreneurship education ; science and technology ; sustainability ; higher education ; educational innovation ; Mexico ; academic mobility ; knowledge transfer ; higher education innovation ; institutional environment ; postgraduate education ; education level ; discipline background ; graduation institution ; R&amp ; D investment ; triple helix ; synergy mechanism ; national system of innovation ; China ; Belt and Road Initiative ; developmental model of intercultural sensitivity ; general model of instructional communication ; instructional beliefs model ; intercultural communication competence model ; green GDP ; environment ; sustainable development ; global innovation systems ; Chinese research university ; faculty income ; academic labor market ; ordinary labor market ; joint R&amp ; D institute ; institutional logics ; China’s innovation system ; China’s transnational Triple Helix linkages ; problem-solving ; critical reflection ; knowledge integration ; social learning ; systemic thinking ; entrepreneurial university ; entrepreneurship ; influencing factors ; sustainable universities ; corporate sustainability ; tensions ; integrative framework ; Finnish universities ; higher education system ; social entrepreneurship ; entrepreneurial universities ; business model innovation ; socialist economies ; Cuba ; knowledge brokers ; knowledge intensive policies ; smart specialisation ; innovation ecosystems ; global talent ; social integration ; economic integration ; Chinese student ; Finland ; university ; third mission ; knowledge-based society ; global innovation networks ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education
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  • 85
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The aim of this Research Topic for Frontiers in Psychology under the section of Cognitive Science and Frontiers in Neurorobotics is to present state-of-the-art research, whether theoretical, empirical, or computational investigations, on open-ended development driven by intrinsic motivations. The topic will address questions such as: How do motivations drive learning? How are complex skills built up from a foundation of simpler competencies? What are the neural and computational bases for intrinsically motivated learning? What is the contribution of intrinsic motivations to wider cognition? Autonomous development and lifelong open-ended learning are hallmarks of intelligence. Higher mammals, and especially humans, engage in activities that do not appear to directly serve the goals of survival, reproduction, or material advantage. Rather, a large part of their activity is intrinsically motivated - behavior driven by curiosity, play, interest in novel stimuli and surprising events, autonomous goal-setting, and the pleasure of acquiring new competencies. This allows the cumulative acquisition of knowledge and skills that can later be used to accomplish fitness-enhancing goals. Intrinsic motivations continue during adulthood, and in humans artistic creativity, scientific discovery, and subjective well-being owe much to them. The study of intrinsically motivated behavior has a long history in psychological and ethological research, which is now being reinvigorated by perspectives from neuroscience, artificial intelligence and computer science. For example, recent neuroscientific research is discovering how neuromodulators like dopamine and noradrenaline relate not only to extrinsic rewards but also to novel and surprising events, how brain areas such as the superior colliculus and the hippocampus are involved in the perception and processing of events, novel stimuli, and novel associations of stimuli, and how violations of predictions and expectations influence learning and motivation. Computational approaches are characterizing the space of possible reinforcement learning algorithms and their augmentation by intrinsic reinforcements of different kinds. Research in robotics and machine learning is yielding systems with increasing autonomy and capacity for self-improvement: artificial systems with motivations that are similar to those of real organisms and support prolonged autonomous learning. Computational research on intrinsic motivation is being complemented by, and closely interacting with, research that aims to build hierarchical architectures capable of acquiring, storing, and exploiting the knowledge and skills acquired through intrinsically motivated learning. Now is an important moment in the study of intrinsically motivated open-ended development, requiring contributions and integration across a large number of fields within the cognitive sciences. This Research Topic aims to contribute to this effort by welcoming papers carried out with ethological, psychological, neuroscientific and computational approaches, as well as research that cuts across disciplines and approaches.
    Keywords: RC321-571 ; BF1-990 ; Q1-390 ; computational models ; intrinsic motivations ; autonomous robotics ; novelty and surprise ; review ; cumulative learning and development ; brain and behavior ; reinforcement learning ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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  • 86
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The huge volume of multi-modal neuroimaging data across different neuroscience communities has posed a daunting challenge to traditional methods of data sharing, data archiving, data processing and data analysis. Neuroinformatics plays a crucial role in creating advanced methodologies and tools for the handling of varied and heterogeneous datasets in order to better understand the structure and function of the brain. These tools and methodologies not only enhance data collection, analysis, integration, interpretation, modeling, and dissemination of data, but also promote data sharing and collaboration. This Neuroinformatics Research Topic aims to summarize the state-of-art of the current achievements and explores the directions for the future generation of neuroinformatics infrastructure. The publications present solutions for data archiving, data processing and workflow, data mining, and system integration methodologies. Some of the systems presented are large in scale, geographically distributed, and already have a well-established user community. Some discuss opportunities and methodologies that facilitate large-scale parallel data processing tasks under a heterogeneous computational environment. We wish to stimulate on-going discussions at the level of the neuroinformatics infrastructure including the common challenges, new technologies of maximum benefit, key features of next generation infrastructure, etc. We have asked leading research groups from different research areas of neuroscience/neuroimaging to provide their thoughts on the development of a state of the art and highly-efficient neuroinformatics infrastructure. Such discussions will inspire and help guide the development of a state of the art, highly-efficient neuroinformatics infrastructure.
    Keywords: RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; Neuroimaging ; database ; neuroinformatics ; workflow ; infrastructure ; high-throughput ; data processing ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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  • 87
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    Unknown
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: In order to build a promising future, health and sustainability must be interelated. Marine, forestry, agriculture, and food systems are important sources of bioproducts used in health applications. To explore the potential of such sources for the development of natural products capable of biological activities, it is necessary to develop new technologically sustainable strategies. Despite the range of natural compounds already available, there is a need to identify bioactive molecules (e.g., polysaccharides, proteins and peptides, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and polyphenols) from different natural sources with positive health properties, including antihypertensive, antidiabetic, anti-obesity, antimicrobial, anti-atherosclerotic, antioxidant, antithrombotic, immune-modulatory, relaxing, and satiety-inducing effects. The Second Edition of this Special Issue aimed to identify and gather works on the latest varied sources of bioproducts, the biological and functional activities of these bioactive compounds, their mechanisms of action, and the methods used for extraction and purification, without losing our focus on alignment with the concept of green technology.
    Keywords: Lavandula coronopifolia ; Culex pipiens ; larvicidal ; antibiofilm formation ; LC-MS/MS ; molecular networking ; valonea tannin ; hydrolysable tannin ; tyrosinase ; enzyme binding ; enzyme inhibition ; inhibition mechanism ; grape by-products ; ohmic heating ; conventional methods ; biological properties ; phenolic compounds ; anthocyanins ; antimicrobial ; antioxidant activity ; honey ; wound-healing ; antioxidant ; hydrogels ; dermal repair ; hydrogel ; jackfruit seeds flour ; functional properties ; dietary fiber ; prebiotic ; anticancer activity ; bacteriophage ; endolysin ; enzybiotics ; biopreservation ; anti-hypertensive ; proteins ; sustainability ; marine species ; marine hydrolysates ; gastrointestinal health ; natural anti-inflammatory ; natural antioxidant ; natural anti-cancer ; nutraceutical ; watercress ; ADME ; apoptosis ; Bursatella leachii ink ; caspase ; target prediction ; TP53 ; liver cancer ; HIF-1α ; hypoxia ; metastasis ; angiogenesis ; cancer stem cells ; natural compounds ; synthetic drugs ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TC Biochemical engineering::TCB Biotechnology
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  • 88
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    Unknown
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-23
    Description: The current Special Issue launched with the aim of further enlightening important CH areas, inviting researchers to submit original/featured multidisciplinary research works related to heritage crowdsourcing, documentation, management, authoring, storytelling, and dissemination. Audience engagement is considered very important at both sites of the CH production–consumption chain (i.e., push and pull ends). At the same time, sustainability factors are placed at the center of the envisioned analysis. A total of eleven (11) contributions were finally published within this Special Issue, enlightening various aspects of contemporary heritage strategies placed in today’s ubiquitous society. The finally published papers are related but not limited to the following multidisciplinary topics:Digital storytelling for cultural heritage;Audience engagement in cultural heritage;Sustainability impact indicators of cultural heritage;Cultural heritage digitization, organization, and management;Collaborative cultural heritage archiving, dissemination, and management;Cultural heritage communication and education for sustainable development;Semantic services of cultural heritage;Big data of cultural heritage;Smart systems for Historical cities – smart cities;Smart systems for cultural heritage sustainability.
    Keywords: 3D modeling ; 3D reconstruction ; event detection ; Twitter ; spectral clustering ; cultural heritage ; social media ; news ; journalism ; semantic analysis ; big data ; data center ; digital marketing ; eco-friendly ; environmental communication ; green websites ; green culture ; green hosting ; sustainability ; software sustainability ; multimedia tools ; static analysis ; evolution analytics ; interactive documentary ; audience engagement ; digital storytelling ; intangible heritage ; media users’ engagement ; marine heritage ; biocultural heritage ; heritage management ; heritage communication ; digital narrative ; Instagram ; UNESCO ; marine protected areas of outstanding universal value ; soundscapes ; audiovisual heritage ; semantic audio ; data-driven storytelling ; content crowdsourcing ; requirements engineering ; authoring tools ; 3D content ; IEEE 830 standard ; semantic indexing ; text classification ; Greek literature ; TextRank ; BERT ; smart cities ; energy transition ; Évora ; POCITYF ; relation extraction ; distant supervision ; deep neural networks ; Transformers ; Greek NLP ; literary fiction ; metadata extraction ; Katharevousa ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::A The Arts::AT Performing arts::ATF Films, cinema ; thema EDItEUR::A The Arts::AT Performing arts::ATJ Television
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  • 89
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    Unknown
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-01-31
    Description: Risk measures play a vital role in many subfields of economics and finance. It has been proposed that risk measures could be analysed in relation to the performance of variables extracted from empirical real-world data. For example, risk measures may help inform effective monetary and fiscal policies and, therefore, the further development of pricing models for financial assets such as equities, bonds, currencies, and derivative securities.〈false,〉A Special Issue of “Risk Measures with Applications in Finance and Economics” will be devoted to advancements in the mathematical and statistical development of risk measures with applications in finance and economics. This Special Issue will bring together the theory, practice and real-world applications of risk measures. This book is a collection of papers published in the Special Issue of “Risk Measures with Applications in Finance and Economics” for Sustainability in 2018.
    Keywords: HG1-9999 ; risk assessment ; VIX ; business groups ; SHARE ; asymptotic approximation ; European stock markets ; whole life insurance ; dynamic hedging ; risk-neutral distribution ; cooperative banks ; Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) ; group-affiliated ; early warning system ; factor models ; smoothing process ; GMC ; falsified products ; S&P 500 index options ; credit derivatives ; corporate sustainability ; term life insurance ; risk management ; crude oil ; financial stability ; social efficiency ; dynamic conditional correlation ; emerging market ; out-of-sample forecast ; financial crisis ; binomial tree ; news release ; green energy ; perceived usefulness ; Bayesian approach ; two-level optimization ; probability of default ; bank risk ; SYMBOL ; information asymmetry ; CoVaR ; probabilistic cash flow ; japonica rice production ; bank profitability ; Monte Carlo Simulations ; gain-loss ratio ; coherent risk measures ; Mezzanine Financing ; national health system ; option value ; conscientiousness ; online purchase intention ; Slovak enterprises ; spot and futures prices ; liquidity premium ; institutional voids ; utility ; random forests ; bankruptcy ; optimizing financial model ; sustainable food security system ; dynamic panel ; co-dependence modelling ; financial performance ; time-varying correlations ; Project Financing ; future health risk ; generalized autoregressive score functions ; volatility spillovers ; financial risks ; simulations ; life insurance ; emotion ; finance risk ; markov regime switching ; diversification ; production frontier function ; Granger causality ; health risk ; risks mitigation ; returns and volatility ; sadness ; low-income country ; the sudden stop of capital inflow ; bank failure ; China’s food policy ; objective health status ; IPO underpricing ; polarity ; climate change ; stock return volatility ; sentiment analysis ; empirical process ; full BEKK ; stochastic frontier model ; perceived ease of use ; volatility transmission ; openness to experience ; sustainability ; low carbon targets ; quasi likelihood ratio (QLR) test ; banking regulation ; sustainable development ; specification testing ; fossil fuels ; time-varying copula function ; tree structures ; monthly CPI data ; coal ; cartel ; regular vine copulas ; sustainability of economic recovery ; ANN ; EGARCH-m ; financial security ; leniency program ; financial hazard map ; uncertainty termination ; causal path ; stakeholder theory ; technological progress ; banking ; investment horizon ; regression model ; two-level CES function ; joy ; the optimal scale of foreign exchange reserve ; carbon emissions ; stochastic volatility ; B-splines ; self-perceived health ; sovereign credit default swap (SCDS) ; RV5MIN ; utility maximization ; credit risk ; policy simulation ; socially responsible investment ; portfolio selection ; scientific verification ; European banking system ; risk-free rate ; wild bootstrap ; medication ; investment profitability ; Amihud’s illiquidity ratio ; multivariate regime-switching ; inflation forecast ; risk aversion ; market timing ; need hierarchy theory ; variance ; diagonal BEKK ; conjugate prior ; risk ; moving averages ; financial risk ; risk measures
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  • 90
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Neuroimmunology is a rapidly growing emerging field at which two old sciences have converged to integrate two different types of responses into a single coherent response involving the coordinated action of both systems, neural and immune. During long time it was thought that both systems worked separately and in divergent pathways. The brain was considered an immunoprivileged site and the immune organs were deemed as independent of any neural influence and also of nervous innervation. Time has gone and has proven that the borders between both systems were merely artificial. Since the beginning of Neuroimmunology in the 1980s much work has been done to elucidate the gates and fences in neuro-immune interactions. Brain was shown to be under the continuous surveillance of the immune system, even under basal physiological conditions in the absence of any pathology. Likely, it was found a profuse nervous innervation of lymphoid organs and even of single immune cells. Gates for direct neural immune communication were found both centrally and peripherally. Centrally, the gates, but also the fences, were situated at the brain barriers, the blood-brain barrier and the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier, and at the circunventricular organs. Peripherally, the fences constituted the apparent diverse nature of molecules involved in neural and immune signaling; however, time proved that both system were capable of producing the same signaling molecules and also systematically responded to the molecules released by the other system. Therefore, the gates were open for direct neural-immune communication at the peripheral level. This Research Topic aimed to include original reports, reviews and technical reports regarding the description of the gates and fences in neural immune interactions. We intended to provide an extensive view of the mechanisms governing central and peripheral neural-immune interactions, and the role of the borders, the blood-neural barriers, in the regulation of the neural-immune communication.
    Keywords: RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; Brain ; Nervous System ; Immune System ; Cytokines ; endocrine sytem ; Hormones ; Neuro-imuno-endocrine ; brain barriers ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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  • 91
    Publication Date: 2023-12-21
    Description: A critical problem in resource-scarce countries across the globe is the shortage of appropriately trained health care providers. According to the World Health Organization, the current global health workforce shortage of 7.2 million providers is estimated to increase to 12.9 million by 2035. This disproportionately affects resource-scarce countries, denying basic health care to millions and limiting access to life-saving treatments. Due to limited resources in these countries, not enough health professionals receive training, few have the opportunity for continuing education, and the ability to develop or implement educational programs and curricula is constrained. Additionally, many existing providers choose to emigrate in pursuit of professional advancement opportunities, contributing to the overall shortage of qualified health care providers in these environments. Efforts to strengthen health workforce capacity not only increases access, safety and availability of care, but is critical to building resilient health systems capable of caring for the world’s neediest populations. This requires not only cultivating new health care providers, but also providing ongoing professional development to retain and support current providers, advancing the level of practice in accordance with current clinical science, cultivating educators, and enhancing training curricula. It is critical also to contribute to the limited body of research documenting the effectiveness and impact of various models of collaborative education and partnership to improve health worker training and retention. This Research Topic examines strategies for building health workforce capacity through the prism of educational partnerships, offering significant examples of effective models of international collaborative education as well as insight and guidance on the structure and operation of successful global partnerships. Collectively, the 31 articles accepted and included in this eBook represent a diversity of health professions and geographies across academic, non-governmental organizations and other global partnership forms. The published manuscripts highlight various elements of partnerships with several consistent themes emerging: capacity building, local empowerment, mutual trust and respect, long-term commitment, equity, collaboration, and the importance of integrating theory and practice, for a balance of academic and clinical development. The manuscripts provide examples of partnership and educational programs that are in the formative, early stages of implementation and others which have been sustained long term, some for decades. The following eBook is divided into two parts, with each part broken down into sections. Part I of the eBook includes 18 manuscripts that showcase long-term educational programs that strongly exemplify multiple, foundational aspects of international partnerships in education including mutual collaboration and project management, empowerment of host partners to lead and sustain programs, and capacity building. While individual manuscripts included in Part I look broadly at multiple aspects of successful, international partnerships in education, Part II manuscripts focus intently on one-two elements. Part II includes 13 articles that highlight partnership through short- rather than long-term educational initiatives as well as program development and broad academic partnerships. This Research Topic was sponsored by Health Volunteers Overseas – a United States based non-profit that collaborates with over eighty international universities and health institutions to send volunteer health professionals to low-resource countries to provide continuing education, train the trainer courses, professional support, and consultation on academic program and curricula development.
    Keywords: R5-920 ; RA1-1270 ; Medicine ; global health ; Nursing ; partnerships ; Education ; collaboration ; Physical Therapy ; Health Workforce ; international ; sustainability ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
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  • 92
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    Unknown
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-09-11
    Description: This reprint is the result of a Special Issue, which took place in the International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (IJERPH) during 2022-2023. The general topic of the reprint discusses the different uses, protection and promotion of food, always from a broad perspective, through 15 innovative research papers, from both qualitative and quantitative methodological approaches.
    Keywords: health ; values and preferences ; red meat ; processed meat ; cross-sectional study ; mixed methods ; explanatory sequential ; survey ; food consumption ; well-being ; dietary patterns ; sustainable consumption ; consumer behaviour ; food well-being ; subjective well-being ; social influence ; food choice ; climate-friendly eating ; social media ; political consumerism ; children’s health ; functional diversity ; commensality ; self-esteem ; shame ; loneliness ; aquaculture ; food heritage ; carp ; consumer preferences of Young Adult Populations ; marketing place ; sustainability ; consumer attitudes ; organic food ; consumer behavior ; sustainable food ; food surveys ; food change ; food policies ; sociology of food ; obesity ; edible insects ; alternative proteins ; planetary health ; systematic review ; gastronomic routes ; Iberian ham ; olive oil ; wine ; Córdoba ; ARIMA ; food ; gastronomic tourism ; social media data ; outdoor dining environment preference ; rural restaurants ; human-oriented ; rural sustainable development ; food label ; consumer purchase intention ; attitude ; food delivery app ; online food delivery ; online-to-offline (O2O) ; COVID-19 ; post-pandemic ; thematic review ; food preferences ; entomophagy ; nutrition surveys ; food neophobia ; cultural domains ; pile sorts ; food risk ; trust ; distrust ; pregnancy ; breastfeeding ; prehabilitation ; ERAS ; endometrial cancer ; surgery ; protein supplementation ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFC Cultural studies::JFCV Food & society
    Language: English
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  • 93
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: The overall energy sector calls for a transformation from a fossil-based system to a low-carbon one. At a technology level, significant efforts have been made to provide energy solutions that contribute to a sustainable energy system. However, the actual suitability of these solutions is often not checked. In this sense, the assessment of energy systems from a life-cycle perspective is of paramount importance when it comes to effectively planning the energy sector. While environmental issues are commonly addressed through the use of the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology, the comprehensive evaluation of the economic and social aspects of energy systems often remains ignored or underdeveloped. This book consists of a set of scientific works addressing the analysis of energy systems from a (life-cycle) technical, economic, environmental and/or social standpoint. Case studies at and beyond the technology level are included, some of them involving a combination of life cycle and non-life cycle approaches for the thorough evaluation of energy systems under the umbrella of sustainability.
    Keywords: zinc (Zn) ; electrowinning (EW) ; activated Carbons (ACs) ; adsorbate ; liquid phase space velocity (LHSV) ; temperature ; bioeconomy ; life cycle assessment ; multi-criteria decision analysis ; sustainability ; thermal energy ; wood ; LCC optimization ; building energy simulation ; energy system optimization ; energy renovation ; historic building district ; district heating system ; biobutanol ; clean combustion ; Scilab simulations ; SimaPro ; CO2 emission ; fuel production management ; environmental impact ; non-edible resources for biofuel production ; GIS ; concentrated solar power ; solar thermochemistry ; life-cycle costs ; cost supply ; geographical potential ; sustainable ; alternative ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
    Language: English
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  • 94
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-04-05
    Description: This Special Issue on MNEs, sustainability, and innovation contains a collection of 13 papers that address several subjects that are on related themes. The authors of these contributions study the boundaries of the previous literature on these relevant topics by providing insightful findings and review, as well as proposals for future research ideas in various contexts. For this Special Issue, we invited both conceptual and (qualitative and quantitative) empirical articles, as well as literature reviews and meta-analysis articles from a range of fields; these included not only business and management, but also sociology, political science, psychology, economics, and economic geography, among others.
    Keywords: multinational ; enterprise ; foreign ; direct ; investment ; sustainability ; innovation ; sustainable ; international ; business ; practices ; corporate ; social ; and ; environmental ; responsibility ; human ; resources ; emerging ; frontier ; markets ; advanced ; markets/countries ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KJ Business & management::KJC Business strategy
    Language: English
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  • 95
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: The future food systems will have to provide food and nutrition security while facing unprecedented sustainability challenges: this underlines the need for a transition to more sustainable food systems. Taking into account these premises and considering the complexity of food systems, this book aims to present original research articles, reviews, and commentaries concerning the following:Advancements in food and beverage;Dietary supplements, nutraceuticals, and functional food;Food allergy and public health;Food and nutritional toxicology;Food biotechnology and food processing;Food microbiology and food safety;Food packaging;Food safety and food inspection;Food security and environmental impacts;Food waste management;Nutrition and metabolism;Sustainable food systems and agro-ecological food production.
    Keywords: perceived consumer effectiveness ; green food consumption ; social trust theory ; social ideal theory ; psychological wellbeing ; China ; food additives ; food industry ; food safety ; health impacts ; maltitol ; metabolism ; sweeteners ; consumer’s perceptions and attitudes ; food security ; natural food products ; natural sweeteners ; sustainability ; food sovereignty ; reindeer herding ; food value chain ; Indigenous peoples ; COVID-19 pandemic ; the Arctic ; Western Siberia ; Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug ; epistemic trust ; risk perception ; genetically modified food ; public acceptance ; partial least squares structural equation modeling ; community-based intervention ; diet ; home food availability ; home food environment ; sugar sweetened beverages ; fruit and vegetable intake ; Mediterranean diet ; Mediterranean diet pyramid ; sustainable diets ; environmental concerns ; nutrition ; food-based dietary guidelines ; migrants ; diabetes ; food habits ; culturally tailored diet ; transcultural mediator ; café ; green ambience ; Delphi method ; indicator design ; grain production ; spatial–temporal characteristic ; influencing factors ; the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain ; Crepis vesicaria L. subsp. taraxacifolia ; nutritional value ; phenolic profile ; chicoric acid ; antioxidant ; anti-inflammatory ; Brazil ; community restaurants ; food handlers ; food insecurity ; low-income ; COVID-19 ; families ; children ; food acquisition ; restaurants ; biofilms ; food microbiology ; dietary guidelines ; Mediterranean ; the USA ; Japan ; Argentina ; South Africa ; egg quality traits ; ginger ; immunity ; Japanese quail performance ; halal food performance ; availability ; healthy/nutritional factor ; accreditation ; clean/safe/hygiene factor ; trust ; attachment ; halal-friendly image ; retention ; muslim travelers ; Escherichia coli ; bacterial retention ; surface topographies ; meat exudate ; wipe cleaning ; conditioning film ; Cape Verde ; cereals ; metals ; dietary intake ; risk assessment ; Indigenous health ; food systems ; colonialism ; community-based ; participatory ; n/a ; dysphagia ; the elderly ; food products ; processing ; rheology ; texture ; capital endowment ; ecological cognition ; environment-friendly technology ; adoption level ; Hackman model ; environmental health ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBC Cultural and media studies::JBCC Cultural studies::JBCC4 Cultural studies: food and society
    Language: English
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  • 96
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Genetically encoded indicators emerged as promising tools for cell type-specific and chronic recording of neuronal population activity. Since publication of the first prototypical genetically encoded Ca2+ indicators (Cameleons) in 1997, we have witnessed remarkable evolution of the field, with rapid improvement of indicator performance as well as expanded application to many model organisms in the neuroscience community. Challenges still remain, however, concerning the mammalian central nervous system: limited sensitivity of indicators to subtle changes in activity, slow signal kinetics, cytotoxicity after a long-term and high-level expression of indicators, and variable performance across cell types. In addition to improvement of the indicators per se, development of strategies that allow combined use of the indicators and optogenetic tools is also desired. In this Research Topic, we recruited top researchers in the field and their young colleagues to present their cutting-edge research as well as insightful opinions on the following subtopics: 1) Latest breakthroughs on development of genetically encoded indicators 2) Novel scientific findings obtained with genetically encoded indicators 3) Wishlist for the next-generation genetically encoded indicators 4) Guideline for selecting an appropriate indicator 5) Optimal methodology for indicator delivery to mammalian CNS
    Keywords: RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; in vivo imaging ; Genetically encoded calcium indicators (GECIs) ; genetically encoded voltage sensor ; Fluorescent protein sensors ; genetically encoded sensors ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
    Language: English
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  • 97
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-02-20
    Description: The focus of this reprint is on environmental planning and modeling. It examines articles on green consumption, biodiversity, and household waste recycling, as well as presenting a review of the trend in publications on household waste recycling. A number of country-based applications are presented and models are used to show how multiple perspectives can be considered in policy making. This reprint will be of special interest to researchers and readers involved in sustainability management. Further, although some chapters present models to solve sustainability problems, they also share policy and decision-making frameworks for applying such models.
    Keywords: bibliometric analysis ; bibliometrix ; household recycling ; research trends ; science mapping ; waste management ; analytic hierarchy process (AHP) ; ecosystem management ; expert opinion ; environmental planning and modeling ; rights-based tool ; multi-criteria decision making ; optimisation ; sustainability ; SWAT model ; water quality ; hydrology ; fertilizer application ; Songkhla Lake Basin ; green consumption ; environmental change ; environmental regulation ; social welfare ; APEX ; open-source software ; QGIS ; QAPEX ; best management practice ; LDC ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KC Economics::KCN Environmental economics
    Language: English
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  • 98
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Everyday we vicariously experience a range of states that we observe in other people: we may "feel" embarrassed when witnessing another making a social faux pas, or we may feel sadness when we see a loved one upset. In some cases this process appears to be implicit. For instance, observing pain in others may activate pain-related neural processes but without generating an overt feeling of pain. In other cases, people report a more literal, conscious sharing of affective or somatic states and this has sometimes been described as representing an extreme form of empathy. By contrast, there appear to be some people who are limited in their ability to vicariously experience the states of others. This may be the case in several psychiatric, neurodevelopmental, and personality disorders where deficits in interpersonal understanding are observed, such as schizophrenia, autism, and psychopathy. In recent decades, neuroscientists have paid significant attention to the understanding of the “social brain,” and the way in which neural processes govern our understanding of other people. In this Research Topic, we wish to contribute towards this understanding and ask for the submission of manuscripts focusing broadly on the neural underpinnings of vicarious experience. This may include theoretical discussion, case studies, and empirical investigation using behavioural techniques, electrophysiology, brain stimulation, and neuroimaging in both healthy and clinical populations. Of specific interest will be the neural correlates of individual differences in traits such as empathy, how we distinguish between ourselves and other people, and the sensorimotor resonant mechanisms that may allow us to put ourselves in another's shoes.
    Keywords: RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; synaesthesia ; Pain ; social cognition ; social neuroscience ; vicarious experience ; Empathy ; Personality ; Mirror Neurons ; Touch ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
    Language: English
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  • 99
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-02-20
    Description: This book highlights the latest research findings on sustainability within the context of consumer behaviour. It brings together the collaborative work of researchers from Finland, Denmark, USA, the Netherland, Mexico, Korea, Saudi Arabia, Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand, Taiwan and China to improve our understanding on consumer behaviour and its relationship with sustainable resource consumption. The thirteen chapters in this book focus on different aspects of consumer behaviour and sustainability, including purchase intentions towards recycled products, environment fit hospitality experiences, purchase intentions of recycling items, consumer loyalty, electric vehicle market consumption, consumption of the educational products, revisit intention, online complaint behaviour, consumer and CSR, eco-friendly behaviour, brand trust and social media consumer communication.
    Keywords: recreationist-environment fit ; guests’ satisfaction ; revisit intention ; guest’ pro-environmental behavior ; green-hotel ; electric vehicle ; theory of planned behavior ; unified theory of acceptance and use of technology ; perceived risk ; intention to use ; religious tourism ; 100 religious attractions ; destination marketing ; consumer behavior ; emotion ; information ; social media ; sustainability practices ; cotton apparel ; sustainable fashion ; dispositional optimism ; explanatory optimism ; eco-friendly tourist behavior ; positive psychology ; green consumer behavior ; customer satisfaction ; online consumer complaining behavior ; hospitality ; cultural differences ; TripAdvisor ; Vietnam ; destination image ; destination regeneration ; consumer ; recycled products ; purchase intention ; VBN theory ; structural equation modeling ; SmartPLS ; corporate social responsibility ; community-based CSR ; community perspectives ; hotel ; legitimacy theory ; entrepreneurial self-efficacy ; perceived lecturers’ entrepreneurial competency ; perceived social support ; entrepreneurial attitude orientation ; flow experience ; loyalty ; GTTT ; electric vehicles ; fashion consciousness ; leadership consciousness ; environmental consciousness ; price consciousness ; interpersonal influence ; market disruption ; luxury ; pre-owned ; purchasing behavior ; second-hand ; sustainability ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KJ Business & management::KJC Business strategy
    Language: English
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-04-05
    Description: This Special Issue aims to highlight how plant breeding could contribute to strengthening sustainability in field crop production by integrating the application of modern technologies and tools. This Reprint contains eleven articles focusing on the most recent topic of plant breeding.
    Keywords: target-site resistance ; ahas ; als ; Triazolopyrimidine herbicide ; Lolium rigidum ; winter cereals ; CO2 enrichment ; drought stress ; WUE ; climate change ; Helianthus ; sunflower ; morphological ; sustainable ; glyphosate ; pesticide ; residue ; pollution ; weed control ; organic plant production ; barley ; Pyrenophora teres f. teres ; net blotch disease ; biotic stress ; superoxide dismutase ; antioxidant enzyme ; cereals ; water shortage ; carbon dioxide ; root development ; Triticum aestivum L. ; wheat ; seed germination ; seedling development ; germination time ; low-temperature stress ; leaf discolouration ; seedling stage ; SSR markers ; near-isogenic line ; rice (Oryza sativa L.) ; pepper ; general defence response ; tissue retention ; hypersensitivity response ; resistance breeding ; Agrobacterium-mediated transformation ; functional genomics ; Solanum lycopersicum L. ; Micro-Tom ; DsRed fluorescence ; Agrobacterium rhizogenes ; soil salinity stress ; adaptation ; environmental share ; interaction ; plant breeding ; sustainability ; pepper breeding ; bacterial spot resistance ; Xanthomonas hortorum pv. gardneri ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture
    Language: English
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