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  • Books  (1,919)
  • Q1-390  (1,470)
  • sustainability  (463)
  • RC321-571  (381)
  • Frontiers Media SA  (1,079)
  • MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute  (828)
  • Taylor & Francis  (5)
  • Firenze University Press
  • Presses universitaires de Rennes
  • Publicacions Universitat Rovira i Virgili
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  • Books  (1,919)
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: After a quarter of century of rapid technological advances, research has revealed the complexity of cancer, a disease intimately related to the dynamic transformation of the genome. However, the full understanding of the molecular onset of this disease is still far from achieved and the search for mechanisms of treatment will follow closely. It is here that Nanotechnology enters the fray offering a wealth of tools to diagnose and treat cancer. In fact, the National Cancer Institute predicts that over the next years, nanotechnology will result in important advances in early detection, molecular imaging, targeted and multifunctional therapeutics, prevention and control of cancer. Nanotechnology offers numerous tools to diagnose and treat cancer, such as new imaging agents, multifunctional devices capable of overcome biological barriers to deliver therapeutic agents directly to cells and tissues involved in cancer growth and metastasis, and devices capable of predicting molecular changes to prevent action against precancerous cells. Nanomaterials-based delivery systems in Theranostics (Diagnostics & Therapy) provide better penetration of therapeutic and diagnostic substances within the body at a reduced risk in comparison to conventional therapies. At the present time, there is a growing need to enhance the capability of theranostics procedures where nanomaterials-based sensors may provide for the simultaneous detection of several gene-associated conditions and nanodevices with the ability to monitor real-time drug action. These innovative multifunctional nanocarriers for cancer theranostics may allow the development of diagnostics systems such as colorimetric and immunoassays, and in therapy approaches through gene therapy, drug delivery and tumor targeting systems in cancer. Some of the thousands and thousands of published nanosystems so far will most likely revolutionize our understanding of biological mechanisms and push forward the clinical practice through their integration in future diagnostics platforms. Nevertheless, despite the significant efforts towards the use of nanomaterials in biologically relevant research, more in vivo studies are needed to assess the applicability of these materials as delivery agents. In fact, only a few went through feasible clinical trials. Nanomaterials have to serve as the norm rather than an exception in the future conventional cancer treatments. Future in vivo work will need to carefully consider the correct choice of chemical modifications to incorporate into the multifunctional nanocarriers to avoid activation off-target, side effects and toxicity. Moreover the majority of studies on nanomaterials do not consider the final application to guide the design of nanomaterial. Instead, the focus is predominantly on engineering materials with specific physical or chemical properties. It is imperative to learn how advances in nanosystem’s capabilities are being used to identify new diagnostic and therapy tools driving the development of personalized medicine in oncology; discover how integrating cancer research and nanotechnology modeling can help patient diagnosis and treatment; recognize how to translate nanotheranostics data into an actionable clinical strategy; discuss with industry leaders how nanotheranostics is evolving and what the impact is on current research efforts; and last but not least, learn what approaches are proving fruitful in turning promising clinical data into treatment realities.
    Keywords: QD1-999 ; Q1-390 ; Nanoparticles ; Gene Therapy ; Immunotherapy ; bioimaging ; theranostics ; nanomaterials ; Drug delivery ; Nanomedicine ; Cancer ; Phototherapy ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry
    Language: English
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  • 2
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-12-20
    Description: Anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are dramatically influencing the environment, and research is strongly committed to proposing alternatives, mainly based on renewable energy sources. Low GHG electricity production from renewables is well established but issues of grid balancing are limiting their application. Energy storage is a key topic for the further deployment of renewable energy production. Besides batteries and other types of electrical storage, electrofuels and bioderived fuels may offer suitable alternatives in some specific scenarios. This Special Issue includes contributions on the energy conversion technologies and use, energy storage, technologies integration, e-fuels, and pilot and large-scale applications.
    Keywords: Q1-390 ; QC1-999 ; n/a ; PV ; GHG savings ; lithium-ion battery (LIB) ; probability prediction ; decarbonization ; supercapacitor (SC) ; least squares support vector machine ; EV fleet forecasts ; alternative maritime power (AMP) ; Markov chain ; feasibility study ; D funding ; hybrid power system ; numerical analysis ; ship structure ; optimal sizing ; cellulosic ethanol ; electric vehicles EV ; biofuel ; green ship ; R&amp ; bulk carrier ; molten carbonate fuel cell system ; sparse Gaussian process regression ; power-to-gas ; combination method ; charging infrastructure ; jet fuel ; flow characteristics ; hybrid refinery ; LNG-fueled ship ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: It has become more evident that many microalgae respond very differently than land plants to diverse stimuli. Therefore, we cannot reduce microalgae biology to what we have learned from land plants biology. However, we are still at the beginning of a comprehensive understanding of microalgae biology. Microalgae have been posited several times as prime candidates for the development of sustainable energy platforms, making thus the in-depth understanding of their biological features an important objective. Thus, the knowledge related to the basics of microalgae biology must be acquired and shared rapidly, fostering the development of potential applications. Microalgae biology has been studied for more than forty years now and more intensely since the 1970’s, when genetics and molecular biology approaches were integrated into the research programs. Recently, studies on the molecular physiology of microalgae have provided evidences on the particularities of these organisms, mainly in model species, such as Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Of note, cellular responses in microalgae produce very interesting phenotypes, such as high lipid content in nitrogen deprived cells, increased protein content in cells under high CO2 concentrations, the modification of flagella structure and motility in basal body mutant strains, the different ancient proteins that microalgae uses to dissipate the harmful excess of light energy, the hydrogen production in cells under sulfur deprivation, to mention just a few. Moreover, several research groups are using high-throughput and data-driven technologies, including “omics” approaches to investigate microalgae cellular responses at a system-wide level, revealing new features of microalgae biology, highlighting differences between microalgae and land plants. It has been amazing to observe the efforts towards the development and optimization of new technologies required for the proper study of microalgae, including methods that opened new paths to the investigation of important processes such as regulatory mechanisms, signaling crosstalk, chemotactic mechanisms, light responses, chloroplast controlled mechanisms, among others. This is an exciting moment in microalgae research when novel data are been produced and applied by research groups from different areas, such as bioprocesses and biotechnology. Moreover, there has been an increased amount of research groups focused in the study of microalgae as a sustainable source for bioremediation, synthesis of bioproducts and development of bioenergy. Innovative strategies are combining the knowledge of basic sciences on microalgae into their applied processes, resulting in the progression of many applications that hopefully, will achieve the necessary degree of optimization for economically feasible large-scale applications. Advances on the areas of basic microalgae biology and novelties on the essential cellular processes were revealed. Progress in the applied science showed the use of the basic science knowledge into fostering translational research, proposing novel strategies for a sustainable world scenario. In this present e-book, articles presented by research groups from different scientific areas showed, successfully, the increased development of the microalgae research. Herewith, you will find articles ranging from bioprospecting regional microalgae species, through advances in microalgae molecular physiology to the development of techniques for characterization of biomass and the use of biomass into agriculture and bioenergy production. This e-book is an excellent source of knowledge for those working with microalgae basic and applied sciences, and a great opportunity for researchers from both areas to have an overview of the amazing possibilities we have for building an environmentally sustainable future once the knowledge is translated into novel applications.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; TP248.13-248.65 ; QK1-989 ; Q1-390 ; Biotechnology ; biomass ; Hydrogen ; bioenergy ; Nutrients ; Lipids ; Microalgae ; Biofuels ; sustainability ; Carbon Dioxide ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 4
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-02-01
    Description: To be competitive, companies must develop capabilities that allow them to react rapidly to market demands. The innovation methods of the past are not adapted to the turbulence of the modern world. In the last decade, increasing globalization of markets and Industry 4.0 have caused profound changes in the best way to manage the innovation process. This e-book includes a collection of thirteen papers that discuss theoretical approaches, case studies, and surveys focused on issues related to open innovation and its mechanisms.
    Keywords: eco-innovation ; cleaner production ; strategy ; performance ; natural resource-based view ; stakeholder theory ; decision making ; forest management ; Nash Bayesian Equilibrium (NBE) ; Harsanyi’s Transformation (HT) ; risk management ; project management ; sustainability ; social network analysis ; collaborative networks ; project lifecycle ; project critical success factors ; open innovation ; predictive model ; project outcome likelihood ; organizational competencies ; innovation ecosystem ; evolutionary economics ; Panarchy ; resilience ; adaptation ; competitiveness ; innovation ; new products ; functional framework ; SIFSNPIP ; case studies ; ecosystem ; organic wine ; Tuscany ; virtual enterprise ; fuzzy logic ; systems engineering ; entrepreneurship ; technopreneurial intentions ; grand challenges ; innovation ecosystems ; mission-oriented innovation ; SDGs ; sustainable innovation ; systematic literature review ; SLR ; transformative innovation ; typology ; architecture engineering and construction (AEC) industry ; building information modelling (BIM) ; cultivation ; Technological Readiness Level ; smart farming ; viticulture ; lean ; business model canvas ; circular economy ; user integration ; cars ; electric vehicles ; biofuels ; logit models ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues
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  • 5
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-01-05
    Description: The purpose of this Special Issue was to collect and present research results and experiences on energy supply in the Visegrad Group countries. This research considers both macroeconomic and microeconomic aspects. It was important to determine how the V4 countries deal with energy management, how they have undergone or are undergoing energy transformation and in what direction they are heading. The articles concerned aspects of the energy balance in the V4 countries compared to the EU, including the production of renewable energy, as well as changes in its individual sectors (transport and food production). The energy efficiency of low-emission vehicles in public transport and goods deliveries are also discussed, as well as the energy efficiency of farms and energy storage facilities and the impact of the energy sector on the quality of the environment.
    Keywords: energy supplies ; energy security ; energy market ; EU countries ; Hellwig’s method ; sustainability strategies ; sustainable development ; Visegrád Group ; sustainable strategic management ; the renewable energy sector ; energy use ; structures ; food production systems ; Visegrad Group ; energy mix ; renewables ; energy in transport ; energetic efficiency ; energy sources ; economic growth ; developing and developed countries ; energy sector ; environmental quality ; renewable energy sources (RES) ; nuclear energy ; southeastern Poland ; sustainability ; renewable energy sources ; European Union ; cluster analysis ; Visegrad Group countries ; fuels ; cointegration ; Granger causality ; electricity prices ; households ; directions of price changes ; biogas energy ; solar energy ; hybrid biogas plant ; renewable energy ; circular economy ; off-grid systems ; energy efficiency ; social and economic aspects of energy ; economic efficiency ; low emissions ; zero emissions ; e-commerce ; last mile ; parcel lockers ; efficiency of logistics processes ; economies of scale ; simulation of logistics processes ; COVID-19 ; BESS management ; price arbitration ; shift load ; microgrid ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics
    Language: English
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: In the past two decades there have been significant advances made in understanding the cellular and molecular alterations that occur with brain ageing, as well as with our understanding of age-related brain diseases. Ageing is associated with a mid-life decline in many cognitive domains (eg. Attention, working memory, episodic memory) that progresses with advancing age and which may be potentiated by a variety of diseases. However, despite the breadth of attempts to explain it, the underlying basis for age-related memory impairment remains poorly understood. Both normal and “pathological” ageing (as in age-related neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease) may be associated with overlapping and increased levels of “abnormal” pathology, and this may be a potential mediator of cognitive decline in both populations. An emerging hypothesis in this field is that metal ion dys/homeostasis may represent a primary unifying mechanism to explain age- and disease-associated memory impairment – either indirectly via an effect on disease pathogenesis, or by a direct effect on signaling pathways relevant to learning and memory. There remains a concerted worldwide effort to deliver an effective therapeutic treatment for cognitive decline associated with ageing and/or disease, which is currently an unmet need. There have been numerous clinical trials conducted specifically testing drugs to prevent cognitive decline and progression to dementia, but to date the results have been less than impressive, highlighting the urgent need for a greater understanding of the neurobiological basis of memory impairment in ageing and disease which can then drive the search for effective therapeutics.
    Keywords: RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; Down Syndrome ; Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ; Parkinson's disease ; aluminium ; Iron ; TBI ; Cognition ; Copper ; Alzheimer's disease ; Zinc ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Neuromorphic engineering has just reached its 25th year as a discipline. In the first two decades neuromorphic engineers focused on building models of sensors, such as silicon cochleas and retinas, and building blocks such as silicon neurons and synapses. These designs have honed our skills in implementing sensors and neural networks in VLSI using analog and mixed mode circuits. Over the last decade the address event representation has been used to interface devices and computers from different designers and even different groups. This facility has been essential for our ability to combine sensors, neural networks, and actuators into neuromorphic systems. More recently, several big projects have emerged to build very large scale neuromorphic systems. The Telluride Neuromorphic Engineering Workshop (since 1994) and the CapoCaccia Cognitive Neuromorphic Engineering Workshop (since 2009) have been instrumental not only in creating a strongly connected research community, but also in introducing different groups to each other’s hardware. Many neuromorphic systems are first created at one of these workshops. With this special research topic, we showcase the state-of-the-art in neuromorphic systems.
    Keywords: RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; neuromorphic engineering ; Learning ; Floating gate ; Neural Network ; spike-based ; event-based ; simulation ; dynamic vision sensor ; network ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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  • 8
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: This reprint addresses the relationship between education and sustainability from various perspectives. The main issues discussed in the 12 collected papers are concerned with (1) the quality of education, (2) SDG policy and implementation, (3) education and societal development, (4) students’ learning, and (5) global experience.
    Keywords: bridging academics ; regional sustainability ; knowledge diffusion ; public–private partnership ; multi-node knowledge link model ; stakeholders ; paradox of Chinese learners ; learning concept ; virtue model ; mind model ; Confucian culture ; mindset intervention ; interaction ; iterative process ; persuasive ; stealthy ; education for sustainable development ; China ; education policy ; sustainable development ; ESD ; SDGs ; sustainability ; higher education ; indicators ; rankings ; assessment ; university rankings ; green universities ; green campus ; education ; learning ; educational innovation ecosystem ; education sustainability ; university-industry collaboration ; Chinese higher education ; digital age ; talents cultivation ; information literacy ; online learning process ; innovation performance ; nature education ; urban residents ; perception ; survey ; sustainable growth ; social-emotional skills ; self-management skills ; solution-focused ; Kids’Skills method ; education partnership assistance ; common prosperity ; balanced and sustainable development ; capacity building ; professional learning communities in interdisciplinary subjects ; teachers’ professional development ; teacher learning ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education
    Language: English
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  • 9
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    Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Despite the importance of mathematics in our educational systems little is known about how abstract mathematical thinking emerges. Under the uniting thread of mathematical development, we hope to connect researchers from various backgrounds to provide an integrated view of abstract mathematical cognition. Much progress has been made in the last 20 years on how numeracy is acquired. Experimental psychology has brought to light the fact that numerical cognition stems from spatial cognition. The findings from neuroimaging and single cell recording experiments converge to show that numerical representations take place in the intraparietal sulcus. Further research has demonstrated that supplementary neural networks might be recruited to carry out subtasks; for example, the retrieval of arithmetic facts is done by the angular gyrus. Now that the neural networks in charge of basic mathematical cognition are identified, we can move onto the stage where we seek to understand how these basics skills are used to support the acquisition and use of abstract mathematical concepts.
    Keywords: RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; Neuroimaging ; development ; numerosity ; gifted ; Mathematical Cognition ; algebra ; abstract ; Expertise ; Arithmetic ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: In the year 2013, ‘selfie’ was named word of the year by Oxford Dictionaries in recognition of dramatic changes in frequency, prominence, and register of the term. This drastic increase in selfie-taking was spurred by two factors. The first was the advent of smartphones equipped with front cameras and preview screens that made it easy to compose a photographic self-portrait by a process of deliberately exploring one’s image, choosing a pose, and finally taking the picture. The second key change contributing to the rise of the selfie age was the increasing availability of internet connections. It is estimated that about 50% of the world population has access to the internet today (2018; https://www.internetworldstats.com). At the end of the past century, this percentage was a mere 1%. The growth of the internet infrastructure simultaneously spurred the development of social network applications such as Facebook, Twitter, Snapchat, and Instagram, providing accessible media for sharing photographs including photographic self-portraits. However, despite their tremendous reach and popularity, selfies have so far received relatively little attention by the scientific community, especially within psychology. Thus, we proposed a Frontiers in Psychology Research Topic to expand empirical and theoretical work on the massively popular, yet scientifically unexplored, phenomenon of the selfie. The articles published in this eBook offer a multifaceted insight into current scholarly work on this topic.
    Keywords: BF1-990 ; Q1-390 ; group selfies ; self-esteem ; Human Computer Interaction (HCI) ; self-presentation ; selfie ; viewing perspective ; perception bias ; smartphones ; social media ; internet ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JM Psychology
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  • 11
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-08-08
    Description: The World Health Organization recommends the consumption of plant foods instead of animal-origin foods due to their high levels of saturated fat and cholesterol. Consumption of plant products has led to research on the beneficial properties of their components beyond basic nutrients. Vegetable-derived peptides have shown multifunctional effects related to chronic diseases, attracting interest from the food, nutraceutical, and pharmaceutical industries. This reprint highlights studies on various vegetable extracts, such as chestnut, quinoa, amaranth, buckwheat, and Protium heptaphyllum gum resin, which have demonstrated antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and cholesterol-regulating properties. Specific compounds derived from plants, such as methyl p-coumarate and lupin protein hydrolysate, have shown effectiveness in reducing inflammation and anxiety, respectively. A vegetable extract of rosemary has been studied for its potential to treat osteogenesis imperfecta. Moreover, this repprint reviews Lycium barbarum berries, essential oils from Annonaceae species, antioxidant compounds, phytosterols, and natural compounds for the prevention and treatment of oral mucositis was discussed. Overall, these studies suggest that vegetable-derived bioactive compounds could serve as new nutraceuticals to prevent and treat a wide range of chronic diseases.
    Keywords: hypercholesterolemia ; gene expression ; HMGCR ; PCSK9 ; PPARα ; enzymatic activity ; molecular docking ; statin ; monacolin ; breu branco ; seed storage proteins ; peptides ; anti-inflammatory ; antioxidant ; trypsin inhibitors ; quinoa ; amaranth ; buckwheat ; in vitro gastro-intestinal digestion ; natural products ; Brazilian species ; essential oil ; applications ; phytosterols ; neurodegeneration ; Alzheimer’s disease ; blood brain barrier ; obesity ; oxidative stress ; dyslipidemia ; diabetes ; enzyme-assisted extraction ; plant material ; phenolic compounds ; oligosaccharides ; prebiotic ; nanocellulose ; nanofibers ; fermentation ; sustainability ; cancer ; drug delivery ; oral mucositis ; treatment ; lupin ; protein hydrolysates ; anxiety ; ApoE−/− ; functional foods ; peptidomics ; rosemary extract ; collagen type I ; unfolded protein response ; autophagy ; proteasome ; skin fibroblasts ; apoptosis ; osteogenesis imperfecta ; asthma ; methyl p-coumarate ; Th2 cytokines ; eosinophil ; NF-κB ; Castanea sativa shells ; Subcritical Water Extraction (SWE) ; antimicrobial activity ; goji berries ; pro-healthy effects ; phenolics ; biological properties ; functional ingredients ; in vitro cultures ; Ruta montana ; coumarins ; alkaloids ; antibiofilm formation ; antibacterial activity ; antioxidant activity ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFC Cultural studies::JFCV Food & society
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  • 12
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-01-31
    Keywords: achieving better buildings ; productivity ; improving the performance of materials ; housing needs ; improving the performance of existing buildings ; sustainability ; building better cities and communities
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  • 13
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: DNA methylation, a modification found in most species, regulates chromatin functions in conjunction with other epigenome modifications, such as histone post-translational modifications and non-coding RNAs. In mammals, DNA methylation has an essential role in development by orchestrating the generation and maintenance of the phenotypic diversity of human cell types. Recent years have brought spectacular advances in our understanding of the mechanism, function and regulation of DNA methyltransferases through their interaction with other epigenome modifications, chromatin factors and post-translational modifications, which are described in this Special Issue of Genes. Manuscripts are specifically addressing describing the targeting and regulation of DNA methyltransferases by interacting factors and their roles in cellular differentiation and the development of diseases. Prof. Dr. Albert Jeltsch and Prof. Dr. Humaira Gowher, Guest Editors
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; Q1-390 ; DNMTs ; n/a ; histone modification ; TBRS ; DNA methyltransferases ; autoinhibition ; epigenetics ; DNMT ; cell identity ; embryogenesis ; dwarfism ; DNMT3B ; germ cells ; HSAN1E ; USP7 ; DNMT3A ; DNA methyltransferase ; gene expression ; DNMT1 ; de novo DNA methylation ; DNA methyltransferase structure ; UHRF1 ; DNA methyltransferase mechanism ; allosteric regulation ; rare diseases ; DNA Methylation ; maintenance DNA methylation ; DNA methylation ; ADCA-DN ; PCC/PGL ; ubiquitination ; TETs ; DNA methyltransferase function ; molecular epigenetics ; DNA methyltransferase regulation ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 14
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    Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2024-03-31
    Description: The main physiological actions of the biologically most active metabolite of vitamin D, 1a,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3(1a,25(OH)2D3), are calcium and phosphorus uptake and transport and thereby controlling bone formation. Other emergent areas of 1a,25(OH)2D3 action are in the control of immune functions, cellular growth and differentiation. This fits both with the widespread expression of the VDR and the above described consequences of vitamin D deficiency. Transcriptome-wide analysis indicated that per cell type between 200 and 600 genes are primary targets of vitamin D. Since most of these genes respond to vitamin D in a cell-specific fashion, the total number of vitamin D targets in the human genome is far higher than 1,000. This is supported by the genome-wide view on VDR binding sites in human lymphocytes, monocytes, colon and hepatic cells. All genomic actions of 1a,25(OH)2D3 are mediated by the transcription factor vitamin D receptor (VDR) that has been the subject of intense study since the 1980’s. Thus, vitamin D signaling primarily implies the molecular actions of the VDR. In this research topic, we present in 15 chapters different perspectives on the action of vitamin D and its receptor, such as the impact of the genomewide distribution of VDR binding loci, ii) the transcriptome- and proteome-wide effects of vitamin D, iii) the role of vitamin D in health, iv) tissue-specific functions of vitamin D and v) the involvement of vitamin D in different diseases, such as infections, autoimmune diseases, diabetes and different types of cancer.
    Keywords: QP1-981 ; Q1-390 ; Vitamin D ; Immune System ; Genomics ; vitamin D receptor ; Physiology ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MF Pre-clinical medicine: basic sciences::MFG Physiology
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  • 15
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-23
    Description: This Special Issue includes contributions about occupants’ sustainable living in buildings and communities, highlighting issues surrounding the sustainable development of our environments and lives by emphasizing smart and green design perspectives. This Special Issue specifically focuses on research and case studies that develop promising methods for the sustainable development of our environment and identify factors critical to the application of a sustainable paradigm for quality of life from a user-oriented perspective. After a rigorous review of the submissions by experts, fourteen articles concerning sustainable living and development are published in this Special Issue, written by authors sharing their expertise and approaches to the concept and application of sustainability in their fields. The fourteen contributions to this special issue can be categorized into four groups, depending on the issues that they address. All the proposed methods, models, and applications in these studies contribute to the current understanding of the adoption of the sustainability paradigm and are likely to inspire further research addressing the challenges of constructing sustainable buildings and communities resulting in a sustainable life for all of society.
    Keywords: sustainability ; regionalism ; climate ; unit plan ; apartment ; Singapore ; Korea ; sustainable architecture ; space syntax ; partitioning theory ; total depth ; intelligibility ; movement economies ; architecture ; building performance simulation ; performance-based design ; agent-based model ; Gaussian process ; electroencephalography ; virtual reality ; monument architecture ; stress ; data visualization ; deep learning ; smart building ; interactive experience ; “five senses” interaction ; people-oriented ; embedding ; recommender system ; collaborative filtering ; housing preference ; housing decision ; human behavior simulation ; virtual users ; social sustainability ; performance analysis ; evaluation method ; architectural design education ; eye tracking ; virtual environment ; street robbery ; CPTED ; crime prevention ; fixation count ; people with physical disabilities ; job retention ; path analysis ; perceived workplace safety ; workplace disability facilities ; work satisfaction ; social housing ; social economy actors ; Seoul ; South Korea ; sustainable development ; sustainable design ; energy efficiency ; public rental housing ; building simulation ; elderly ; biophilia ; biophilic experience ; smart home ; smart-home service ; service framework ; water distribution ; water war ; conflict ; ownership ; divided Cyprus ; blue-collar workers ; intervention study ; health promotion ; cardiovascular disease ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::A The Arts ; thema EDItEUR::A The Arts::AM Architecture
    Language: English
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  • 16
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-06-23
    Description: The sustainable management of water cycles is crucial in the context of climate change and global warming. It involves managing global, regional, and local water cycles, as well as urban, agricultural, and industrial water cycles, to conserve water resources and their relationships with energy, food, microclimates, biodiversity, ecosystem functioning, and anthropogenic activities. Hydrological modeling is indispensable for achieving this goal, as it is essential for water resources management and the mitigation of natural disasters. In recent decades, the application of artificial intelligence (AI) techniques in hydrology and water resources management has led to notable advances. In the face of hydro-geo-meteorological uncertainty, AI approaches have proven to be powerful tools for accurately modeling complex, nonlinear hydrological processes and effectively utilizing various digital and imaging data sources, such as ground gauges, remote sensing tools, and in situ Internet of Things (IoT) devices. The thirteen research papers published in this Special Issue make significant contributions to long- and short-term hydrological modeling and water resources management under changing environments using AI techniques coupled with various analytics tools. These contributions, which cover hydrological forecasting, microclimate control, and climate adaptation, can promote hydrology research and direct policy making toward sustainable and integrated water resources management.
    Keywords: ANN ; roadside IoT sensors ; simulations of the gridded rainstorms ; 2D inundation simulation and real-time error correction ; weather types and features ; meteorological feature extraction ; artificial neural network ; self-organizing map (SOM) ; urban agriculture ; resource utilization efficiency ; urban northern Taiwan ; machine learning ; random forest ; regression analysis ; support vector machine ; threshold rainfall ; threshold runoff ; XGBoost ; stochastic rainfall generator ; Huff rainfall curve ; copula ; GeoAI ; artificial intelligence ; hydrological ; hydraulic ; fluvial ; water quality ; geomorphic ; modeling ; anomaly detection ; deep reinforcement learning ; telemetry water level ; time series ; ensemble ; multi-model ensemble ; precipitation ; forecasting ; persian gulf ; deep learning ; dam inflow ; RNN ; LSTM ; GRU ; hyperparameter ; rainfall time series ; artificial neural networks ; Multiple Linear Regression ; Chania ; CNN ; ELM ; temporary rivers ; hydrological extremes ; multivariate stochastic model ; autoregressive model ; Markov model ; daily temperature ; temperature generator ; Bayesian neural network ; forecasting uncertainty ; multi-step ahead forecasting ; probabilistic streamflow forecasting ; variational inference ; smart microclimate-control system (SMCS) ; system dynamics ; water–energy–food nexus ; agricultural resilience ; hydroinformatics ; hydrological modeling ; early warning ; uncertainty ; sustainability
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  • 17
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    Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Glial cells are no longer considered passive bystanders in neuronal brain circuits. Not only are they required for housekeeping and brain metabolism, they are active participants in regulating the physiological function and plasticity of brain circuits and the online control of behavior both in invertebrate and vertebrate model systems. In invertebrates, glial cells are essential for normal function of sensory organs (C. elegans) and necessary for the circadian regulation of locomotor activity (D. melanogaster). In the mamallian brain, astrocytes are implicated in the regulation of cortical brain rhythms and sleep homeostasis. Disruption of AMPA receptor function in a subset of glial cell types in mice shows behavioral deficits. Furthermore, genetic disruption of glial cell function can directly control behavioral output. Regulation of ionic gradients by glia can underlie bistability of neurons and can modulate the fidelity of synaptic transmission. Grafting of human glial progenitor cells in mouse forebrain results in human glial chimeric mice with enhanced plasticity and improved behavioral performance, suggesting that astrocytes have evolved to cope with information processing in more complex brains. Taken together, current evidence is strongly suggestive that glial cells are essential contributors to information processing in the brain. This Research Topic compiles recent research that shows how the molecular mechanisms underlying glial cell function can be dissected, reviews their impact on plasticity and behavior across species and presents novel approaches to further probe their function.
    Keywords: RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; Cerebellum ; C. elegans ; Astrocytes ; DREADD ; Cortex ; plasticity ; Gq ; Behavior ; glia ; Hippocampus ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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  • 18
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: Anthropogenic and natural disturbances to freshwater quantity and quality are a greater issue for society than ever before. To successfully restore water resources requires understanding the interactions between hydrology, climate, land use, water quality, ecology, and social and economic pressures. This Special Issue of Water includes cutting edge research broadly addressing investigative areas related to experimental study designs and modeling, freshwater pollutants of concern, and human dimensions of water use and management. Results demonstrate the immense, globally transferable value of the experimental watershed approach, the relevance and critical importance of current integrated studies of pollutants of concern, and the imperative to include human sociological and economic processes in water resources investigations. In spite of the latest progress, as demonstrated in this Special Issue, managers remain insufficiently informed to make the best water resource decisions amidst combined influences of land use change, rapid ongoing human population growth, and changing environmental conditions. There is, thus, a persistent need for further advancements in integrated and interdisciplinary research to improve the scientific understanding, management, and future sustainability of water resources.
    Keywords: physical habitat ; aquatic ecology ; stream health ; environmental flows ; land use ; hydrology ; hydroecology ; ecohydrology ; climate change ; Appalachia ; reforestation ; land use-land cover ; land-atmosphere coupling ; water quality ; environmental perceptions ; human dimensions ; spatial models ; socioeconomics ; urban watershed management ; municipal watershed ; water quality impairment ; collaborative adaptive management ; water resources ; urban watersheds ; endocrine disrupting chemical ; opioid ; pathway analysis ; ontology ; metabolomics ; decision-making ; logit regression ; farmer perceptions ; social networks ; public funds ; water conservation adoption ; good governance ; sanitation ; sustainability ; water supply ; water-saving agriculture ; Chinese provincial input efficiency ; three-stage DEA model ; environmental variables ; Boufakrane river watershed ; remote sensing ; LULCC ; water balances ; vulnerability ; total dissolved solids ; drinking water ; Appalachian Mountains ; streamflow sensitivity ; water security ; water balance partitioning ; Budyko ; Escherichia coli ; Suspended particulate matter ; Water quality ; Land use practices ; Watershed management ; basin ; hydrologic model ; reaeration rates ; stream metabolism ; watershed ; physicochemistry ; land use practices ; experimental watershed ; suspended particulate matter ; stream water temperature ; watershed management ; bacteria ; land-use practices ; environmental persistence ; saturated hydraulic conductivity ; pedotransfer function ; model validation ; Chesapeake Bay Watershed ; experimental watershed study ; human dimensions of water ; watershed modeling ; hydrological modeling ; water pollutants ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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  • 19
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Newborn Screening for Sickle Cell Disease and other Haemoglobinopathies is a Special Issue of the International Journal of Neonatal Screening. Sickle cell disease is one of the most common inherited blood disorders, with a huge impact on health care systems due to high morbidity and high mortality associated with the undiagnosed disease. Newborn screening helps to make the diagnosis early and to prevent fatal complications and diagnostic odysseys. This book gives an overview of diagnostic standards in newborn screening for sickle cell disease and examples of existing newborn screening programs.
    Keywords: QD1-999 ; Q1-390 ; glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase ; hydroxyurea/hydroxycarbamide ; n/a ; cord blood ; screening ; hemoglobin pattern ; capillary electrophoresis ; sickle cell disease ; (recommended) screening panel ; vaso-occlusive crisis ; Guthrie spots ; newborn screening) ; foetal haemoglobin ; harmonisation ; review ; birth prevalence ; G6PD deficiency ; prevention ; end-organ damage ; thalassemia ; MALDI-TOF ; IEF ; acute chest syndrome ; India ; sickle cell and thalassaemia screening programme ; ‘Getting to Outcomes’ ; newborn screening ; hemoglobinopathy ; service users ; public health engagement ; automated HPLC ; Kaduna State ; gene therapy for haemoglobinopathies ; ?-globin gene ; methods ; neonatal screening program ; malaria ; Plasmodium vivax ; sub-Saharan Africa ; patient organisations ; health policy ; pathophysiology ; Sickle Cell Disease ; mass spectrometry ; sickle cell disorder ; neonatal screening ; non-tribal ; Nigeria ; point-of-care ; HPLC ; laboratory methods ; registry ; patient advocacy ; bone marrow transplant ; anaemia ; hemoglobinopathies ; tribal ; newborn ; burden of disease ; patient representatives ; diagnostics ; policy making ; haemolysis ; Caribbean ; high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) ; sickle cell disease (SCD) ; implementation science ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry
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  • 20
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: In this EBook, we highlight how newly emerging techniques for non-invasive manipulation of the human brain, combined with simultaneous recordings of neural activity, contribute to the understanding of brain functions and neural dynamics in humans. A growing body of evidence indicates that the neural dynamics (e.g., oscillations, synchrony) are important in mediating information processing and networking for various functions in the human brain. Most of previous studies on human brain dynamics, however, show correlative relationships between brain functions and patterns of neural dynamics measured by imaging methods such as electroencephalography (EEG), magnetoencephalography (MEG), near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), positron emission tomography (PET) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). In contrast, manipulative approaches by non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) have been developed and extensively used. These approaches include transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and transcranial electric stimulation (tES) such as transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), alternating current stimulation (tACS), and random noise stimulation (tRNS), which can directly manipulate neural dynamics in the intact human brain. Although the neural-correlate approach is a strong tool, we think that manipulative approaches have far greater potential to show causal roles of neural dynamics in human brain functions. There have been technical challenges with using manipulative methods together with imaging methods. However, thanks to recent technical developments, it has become possible to use combined methods such as TMS–EEG coregistration. We can now directly measure and manipulate neural dynamics and analyze functional consequences to show causal roles of neural dynamics in various brain functions. Moreover, these combined methods can probe brain excitability, plasticity and cortical networking associated with information processing in the intact human brain. The contributors to this EBook have succeeded in showcasing cutting-edge studies and demonstrate the huge impact of their approaches on many areas in human neuroscience and clinical applications.
    Keywords: RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; non-invasive brain stimulation NIBS ; TMS-EEG ; Transcranial magnetic stimulation TMS ; transcranial electric stimulation tES ; Coregistration ; Near-infrared spectroscopy NIRS ; Functional magnetic resonance imaging fMRI ; transcranial direct current stimulation tDCS ; transcranial alternating current stimulation tACS ; transcranial random noise stimulation tRNS ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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  • 21
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Bálint’s syndrome is named after the Hungarian physician who first reported a remarkable case of a man with complex visuospatial deficits following bilateral lesions within parietal and occipital cortex (Bálint, 1909). The syndrome has three primary symptoms: simultanagnosia (impaired spatial awareness of more than one object at time), optic ataxia (misreaching to visual targets) and ocular apraxia (described by Bálint as “psychic paralysis of gaze”). Balint’s patients not only cannot perceive more than one object at time and therefore show poor comprehension of multi-object visual scenes i.e. poor detection of all the objects present and difficulty in grasping the relationship between them; in addition they typically fail to reach towards location of the single object, which they can perceive. The deficit of the allocation of spatial attention in Balint’s syndrome has been linked to a problem in feature binding which results in illusory conjunctions. Patients with Balint’s syndrome also show deficits in global processing i.e. when integration of multiple local elements into global compound shapes is required. Consequently, Balint’s syndrome provides a unique opportunity to study the nature and neuroanatomy of human visuospatial processing, in particular multi-level object representation, spatial awareness and the distribution of visual attention. The studies collected here cover both the anatomical and the cognitive mechanisms of the different symptoms associated with the syndrome. Furthermore, the dissociations between the components of Bálints’ syndrome, in particular simultanagnosia and optic ataxia, can also co-occur with visual neglect and extinction and the different combinations of reported lesions raises a question about the status of the syndrome and whether it should be merely treated as a historical compilation of symptoms which may or may not coexist cohesively. This interesting argument is raised here.
    Keywords: RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; posterior cortical atrophy ; Balints syndrome ; optic ataxia ; Posterior parietal cortex ; simultanagnosia ; ocular apraxia ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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  • 22
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-23
    Description: This book is a compilation of 10 recently published academic articles addressing sustainable residential landscape design and planning across geographies, scales, and perspectives: from American rain garden design to South Korean urban forestry; from Mexican community open space design to Australian neighborhood park planning; and from Chinese urban design to Bolivian land-use change. This volume brings together authors from a growing community of landscape sustainability scholars of landscape architecture and architecture; planning and construction; ecology and horticulture; agricultural and environmental sciences; and health, exercise, and nutrition. In summary, these papers address facets of a fundamental challenge for the 21st century: the design and planning of sustainable and resilient human settlements.
    Keywords: NA1-9428 ; NX1-820 ; carbon reduction ; intergenerational engagement ; tree planting structure ; urban tree ; All-Area Integrated Development ; residential landscapes ; small towns ; rural landscape architecture ; urban commons ; demolition/relocation-oriented market model (D/RMM) ; parks ; youth at risk ; spatial theory ; wellbeing ; building energy saving ; Guatemala ; land use change ; new rural construction model (NRCM) ; substrate ; phosphorus ; green infrastructure ; Origin Farmer Indigenous Territory ; dwellings ; residential sustainability ; residential neighborhood parks ; sustainable livelihoods ; sustainability ; ecological priority ; CPTED ; ecological service ; circular economy ; action research ; urban villages transformation ; cohousing ; public space recovery ; Bolivian Amazon ; design model ; social sustainability ; community service learning ; rural revitalization ; China ; coordinated development of rural communities & ; shared resources ; rain gardens ; tactical urbanism ; climate sensitive design ; prevention of gender-based violence ; polyculture ; comfort ; Indigenous versus non-indigenous land-use ; bioretention ; monoculture ; landscape performance evaluation ; low impact development ; governance ; territory ; thema EDItEUR::A The Arts::AM Architecture
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  • 23
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-02-01
    Description: The book is intended to collect the recent contributions (either research or review papers) to the development of the “Materials Chemistry” research fields by the Editorial Board Members of the Materials Chemistry Section of Molecules. The aim is to present the recent progress in the fields and to highlight the key role of Materials Chemistry in a multidisciplinary research context.
    Keywords: hypergolic reactions ; sodium peroxide ; carbon nanosheets ; fullerols ; useful energy ; gold nanoparticles ; photothermal effect ; nanoink ; inkjet printing ; secure writing ; anti-counterfeit ; crosslinking polymerization (curing) ; decomposition ; degradation ; liquid and solid state ; phase transitions ; thermal analysis ; colloidal heterostructures ; seed mediated growth ; heterogeneous nucleation ; PbS/TiO2 heterostructure ; TiO2 nanocrystal defects ; antiferromagnet ; double perovskite ; high-κ dielectric ; nickel ; tellurium ; tungsten ; central nervous system (CNS) ; blood–brain barrier (BBB) ; self-assembled polymeric nanoparticles ; intranasal delivery ; biodistribution ; dendrimers ; microwaves ; hexaazatrinaphthylenes ; graphene nanoplatelets ; honeycomb structures ; modified couple stress theory ; quasi-3d hyperbolic shear deformation theory ; sandwich structures ; vibration analysis ; polymer-derived ceramics ; nanocomposites ; TiN ; TiC ; Si3N4 ; SiC ; structural properties ; cross-coupling reactions ; microwave irradiation ; ultrasounds ; mechanochemistry ; solvent-free ; water ; ionic liquids ; deep eutectic solvents ; sustainability ; nanomaterials ; electrochemical sensors ; hydroxycinnamic acids ; caffeine ; nitrite ; lead halide perovskites ; sensors ; photoluminescence ; amplified spontaneous emission ; thin films ; hybrid hydrogels ; controlled drug delivery ; protein crystallization ; lysozyme ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues
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  • 24
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The tale of cyclic GMP has been astonishing. Having overcome an initial disbelief, cyclic GMP has risen to its present eminence as a premium cellular signal transduction messenger of not only hormonal extracellular but also of the intracellular signals. This research topic focuses on the pathways and functions of membrane guanylate cyclases in different tissues of the body and their interplay with intracellular sensory signals where in many cases, cyclic GMP along with Ca2+ have taken on roles as synarchic co-messengers.
    Keywords: RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; Glaucoma ; Visceral Pain ; Calcium ; membrane guanylate cyclase ; ANF-RGC ; Gene Therapy ; Cyclic GMP ; synaptic plasticity ; trafficking ; ROS-GC ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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  • 25
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-02-01
    Description: This book is relevant to architects, urban designers, planners, and policy makers concerned with enhancing climate-sensitive urban form and planning. It discusses building and neighborhood design: layout and design features that maximize energy efficiency and thermal comfort without compromising the ability of other buildings to enjoy similar benefits; the use of interstitial spaces (piazzas, streets, and parks) to improve the microclimate at the neighbourhood-level; design intervention case studies; innovative uses of interstitial spaces to improve the local climate at the neighborhood level; and urban radiative cooling solutions to mitigate the unintended climate consequences of urban growth and suggestions for ways forward.
    Keywords: cooling effect ; urban park ; thermal comfort ; physiological equivalent temperature ; perceived thermal comfort ; urban heat island ; air temperature ; sustainable cities ; smart cities ; urban health ; global warming ; urban green spaces ; sustainable urban development ; climate change mitigation and adaptation ; urban resilience  ; heatwaves ; urban overheating ; urban heat island intensity ; energy budget equation ; sensible heat flux ; latent heat flux ; advective heat flux ; Australian climatic conditions ; coastal cities ; desert climate ; surface urban heat island effect ; land use/land cover ; partial least square regression ; nonlinear programming ; Shanghai ; China ; urban form ; urban microclimate design ; city ; sustainability ; sustainable development ; cool roof ; passive radiative cooling ; metamaterials ; prototype ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics::PHH Thermodynamics & heat
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  • 26
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: In the search for simple explanations of the natural world, its complicated textures are often filed down to a smoothened surface of our liking. The impetus for this Research Topic was borne out of a need to re-ignite interest in the complex – in this case in the context of ion channels in the nervous system. Ion channels are the large proteins that form regulated pores in the membranes of cells and, in the brain, are essential for the transfer, processing and storage of information. These pores full of twists and turns themselves are not just barren bridges into cells. More and more we are beginning to understand that ion channels are like bustling medieval bridges (packed with apartments and shops) rather than the more sleek modern variety – they are dynamic hubs connected with many structures facilitating associated activities. Our understanding of these networks continues to expand as our investigative tools advance. Together these articles highlight how the complexity of ion channel signaling nexuses is critical to the proper functioning of the nervous system.
    Keywords: RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; Nervous System ; Ion Channels ; Interactome ; cellular signaling ; Protein complexes ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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  • 27
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for complex disorders with large case-control populations have been performed on hundreds of traits in more than 1200 published studies (http://www.genome.gov/gwastudies/) but the variants detected by GWAS account for little of the heritability of these traits, leading to an increasing interest in using family based designs. While GWAS studies are designed to find common variants with low to moderate attributable risks, family based studies are expected to find rare variants with high attributable risk. Because family-based designs can better control both genetic and environmental background, this study design is robust to heterogeneity and population stratification. Moreover, in family-based analysis, the background genetic variation can be modeled to control the residual variance which could increase the power to identify disease associated rare variants. Analysis of families can also help us gain knowledge about disease transmission and inheritance patterns. Although a family-based design has the advantage of being robust to false positives, novel and powerful methods to analyze families in genetic epidemiology continue to be needed, especially for the interaction between genetic and environmental factors associated with disease. Moreover, with the rapid development of sequencing technology, advances in approaches to the design and analysis of sequencing data in families are also greatly needed. The 11 articles in this book all introduce new methodology and, using family data, substantial new findings are presented in the areas of infectious diseases, diabetes, eye traits, autism spectrum disorder and prostate cancer.
    Keywords: QH426-470 ; Q1-390 ; Regional heritability ; prostate cancer ; infectious diseases ; MCMC ; combining studies screening ; conditional-logistic linkage ; Informatics ; autism ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAK Genetics (non-medical)
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  • 28
    Publication Date: 2022-01-31
    Description: This eBook presents illustrative examples of genetic chaperonopathies affecting primarily nerves and muscles and discusses molecular mechanisms and treatment targeting chaperones, i.e., chaperonotherapy.
    Keywords: Q1-390 ; small-Hsp ; Hsp60/CCT/BBS ; Indirect/Secondary Chaperonopathies ; Genetic Chaperonopathies ; Hsp40/DnaJ ; chaperonotherapy
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  • 29
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Virus-caused asthma, we now call a phenotype of asthma. Regardless of the significance and popularity of this disease, the etiology of the virus-induced asthma have not well understood. In addition, a few effective vaccines have been applied to prevent respiratory virus infection. To solve the issues, it is essential to clarify and delineate both aspects of the virus and host defense systems including acute/chronic inflammation and airway tissue remodeling. To deeply review and discuss pathophysiology and epidemiology of virus-induced asthma, this topics includes new findings of the host immunity, pathology, epidemiology, and virology of asthma/chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We believe that these works are well summarized and informative to glimpse the field of virus- associated asthma and COPD, and may help understanding the basic and clinical aspects of the diseases.
    Keywords: QR1-502 ; QK1-989 ; Q1-390 ; virus-induced asthma ; Pathology ; respiratory virus ; human immunity ; Epidemiology ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSG Microbiology (non-medical)
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  • 30
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: This book brings together recent research related to urban resilience, in particular, taking into account climate change impacts and hydrological hazards. Due to the complexity of our cities, which are vulnerable and continuously evolving systems, urban resilience should be considered as a transversal and multi-sectorial issue, affecting different urban services, several hazards, and all the steps of the risk management cycle. Within this context, the different pieces of research that form this book deal with the topics of multi-risk and urban resilience assessment, analysis of cascading effects, and the proposal and prioritization of adaptation measures and strategies to cope with climate-related hazards through multi-criteria analysis.
    Keywords: RESCCUE project ; Electrical distribution network ; Flooding ; Risk Assessment ; city resiliency ; GIS model ; drought ; water scarcity ; water availability ; climate change ; hydrological modeling ; resilience ; flooding ; hazard mapping ; risk identification ; sustainability ; urban resilience ; traffic modelling ; resilience assessment ; urban services ; cities ; Ecosystem Services (ES) ; Nature-Based Solutions (NBS) ; Resilience Assessment Framework (RAF) ; stakeholders’ validation ; stormwater management and control ; depth‒damage curves ; urban floods ; properties ; claims ; flood expert surveyor ; fluvial ; pluvial ; tidal ; sewer ; flood ; risk ; modelling ; cascading effects ; urban flood ; water quality ; cost-benefit analysis ; combined sewer overflows ; climate change adaptation ; climate risk ; socio-economic assessment ; flood risk assessment ; 1D/2D hydrodynamic model ; Metro system ; subway ; urban mobility ; pluvial floods ; 1D/2D coupled models ; impact assessment ; adaptation strategies ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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  • 31
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    Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Transfer cells are anatomically specialized cells optimized to support high levels of nutrient transport in plants. These cells trans-differentiate from existing cell types by developing extensive and localized wall ingrowth labyrinths to amplify plasma membrane surface area which in turn supports high densities of membrane transporters. Unsurprisingly, therefore, transfer cells are found at key anatomical sites for nutrient acquisition, distribution and exchange. Transfer cells are involved in delivery of nutrients between generations and in the development of reproductive organs and also facilitate the exchange of nutrients that characterize symbiotic associations. Transfer cells occur across all taxonomic groups in higher plants and also in algae and fungi. Deposition of wall ingrowth-like structures are also seen in “syncytia” and “giant cells” which function as feeding sites for cyst and root-knot nematodes, respectively, following their infection of roots. Consequently, the formation of highly localized wall ingrowth structures in diverse cell types appears to be an ancient anatomical adaption to facilitate enhanced rates of apoplasmic transport of nutrients in plants. In some systems a role for transfer cells in the formation of an anti-pathogen protective barrier at these symplastic discontinuities has been inferred. Remarkably, the extent of cell wall ingrowth development at a particular site can show high plasticity, suggesting that transfer cell differentiation might be a dynamic process adapted to the transport requirements of each physiological condition. Recent studies exploiting different experimental systems to investigate transfer cell biology have identified signaling pathways inducing transfer cell development and genes/gene networks that define transfer cell identity and/or are involved in building the wall ingrowth labyrinths themselves. Further studies have defined the structure and composition of wall ingrowths in different systems, leading in many instances to the conclusion that this process may involve previously uncharacterized mechanisms for localized wall deposition in plants. Since transfer cells play important roles in plant development and productivity, the latter being relevant to crop yield, especially so in major agricultural species such as wheat, barley, soybean and maize, understanding the molecular and cellular events leading to wall ingrowth deposition holds exciting promise to develop new strategies to improve plant performance, a key imperative in addressing global food security. This Research Topic presents a timely and comprehensive treatise on transfer cell biology to help define critical questions for future research and thereby generating a deeper understanding of these fascinating and important cells in plant biology.
    Keywords: QK1-989 ; Q1-390 ; Wall ingrowth ; Arabidopsis thaliana ; synctial cells ; Zea mays ; transfer cells ; endosperm transfer cells ; Giant Cells ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PST Botany and plant sciences
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  • 32
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Research during the past decade highlights the strong link between appetitive feeding behavior, reward and motivation. Interestingly, stress levels can affect feeding behavior by manipulating hypothalamic circuits and brain dopaminergic reward pathways. Indeed, animals and people will increase or decrease their feeding responses when stressed. In many cases acute stress leads to a decrease in food intake, yet chronic social stressors are associated to increases in caloric intake and adiposity. Interestingly, mood disorders and the treatments used to manage these disorders are also associated with changes in appetite and body weight. These data suggest a strong interaction between the systems that regulate feeding and metabolism and those that regulate mood. This Research Topic aims to illustrate how hormonal mechanisms regulate the nexus between feeding behavior and stress. It focuses on the hormonal regulation of hypothalamic circuits and/or brain dopaminergic systems, as the potential sites controlling the converging pathways between feeding behavior and stress.
    Keywords: RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; stress ; Obesity ; Dopamine ; Ghrelin ; Leptin ; Seasonal regulation ; feeding ; HPA axis ; Hypothalamus ; circadian rhythms ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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  • 33
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: This book covers the latest development of bioprocess technology including theoretical, numerical, and experimental approaches in biotechnology as well as green technology that bridge conventional practices and Industry 4.0. Bioprocessing is one of the key factors in several emerging industries of biofuels, used in the production of biogas, bioethanol, and biodiesel; industrial enzymes; waste management through biotechnology; new vaccines; and many more. It is hoped that the novel bioprocess and green biotechnologies presented in this book are useful in assisting the global community in working towards fulfilling the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) of the United Nations.
    Keywords: extraction ; leaf ; liquid biphasic flotation ; polygonum ; protein ; date fruits ; proximate analysis ; physico-chemical characteristics ; date sugar ; phytoconstituents ; amino acids ; biomaterials ; Ficus carica ; diabetes mellitus ; proteomics ; sperm quality ; bioeconomy ; bioprocesses ; applications ; policy ; social welfare ; sustainability ; nanofiltration ; lipase ; Fusarium heterosporum ; fatty acid methyl ester ; electronics package ; induction heating ; magnetic field ; electric field ; TM110 single-mode cavity ; solder ; eddy current ; GABA ; fermented food ; functional food ; non-protein amino acid ; soy sauce fermentation ; lignocellulosic biomass ; holocellulose ; CMC ; degree of substitution ; excipient ; non-edible ; oil ; biodiesel production ; fuel ; Lactobacillus isolation ; lag phase ; bacteria sequencing ; breast milk ; chitosan ; co-loaded nanoparticles ; hydrophobic modification ; l-ascorbic acid ; thymoquinone ; sustainable supply chain management (SSSCM) ; social sustainability ; qualitative research ; Pakistan ; biohydrogen production ; immobilised cells ; entrapment ; alginate ; activated carbon ; carbon dioxide ; culture media ; microorganism ; optimization ; plant growth promoting rhizobacteria ; oil palm seedlings nursery ; biofertilizers ; chemical fertilizer ; n/a ; sago hampas ; amylase ; cellulase ; substrate feeding ; saccharification ; biomass ; waste cooking oil ; green fuel ; biodiesel ; heterogeneous catalyst ; deoxygenation ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
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  • 34
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-12-20
    Description: This Special Issue contains one review and five original articles, all of which address cutting-edge research in the field of water and environmental virology. The review article by Gerba and Betancourt summarizes the current status and future needs for the development of virus detection methods in water reuse systems, especially focusing on methods to assess the infectivity of enteric viruses. Original papers cover a variety of research topics, such as an environmental monitoring survey of group A rotaviruses in sewage and oysters in Japan, the occurrence and genetic diversity of noroviruses and rotaviruses in a wastewater reclamation system in China, the detection of viruses and their indicators in tanker water and its sources in Nepal, integrated culture next-generation sequencing to identify the diversity of F-specific RNA coliphages in wastewater, and the development of a portable collection and detection method for viruses from ambient air and its application to a wastewater treatment plant.
    Keywords: Q1-390 ; reuse ; aerosols ; viral indicator ; wastewater treatment ; microbial contamination ; index virus ; real-time PCR ; tanker water ; virus ; wastewater reclamation ; pathogenic virus ; infectivity ; chlorination ; molecular methods ; wastewater ; next-generation sequencing ; fecal source tracking ; oyster ; fecal-source marker ; viral contamination ; cell culture ; pathogenic microorganisms ; rotavirus ; ultraviolet disinfection ; F-specific RNA bacteriophage strain ; sewage ; waterborne gastroenteritis viruses ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general
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  • 35
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: euromodulation is among the fastest-growing areas of medicine, involving many diverse specialties and affecting hundreds of thousands of patients with numerous disorders worldwide. It can briefly be described as the science of how electrical, chemical, and mechanical interventions can modulate the nervous system function. A prominent example of neuromodulation is deep brain stimulation (DBS), an intervention that reflects a fundamental shift in the understanding of neurological and psychiatric diseases: namely as resulting from a dysfunctional activity pattern in a defined neuronal network that can be normalized by targeted stimulation. The application of DBS has grown remarkably and more than 130,000 patients worldwide have obtained a DBS intervention in the past 30 years—most of them for treating movement disorders. This Frontiers Research Topics provides an overview on the current discussion beyond basic research in DBS and other brain stimulation technologies. Researchers from various disciplines, who are working on broader clinical, ethical and social issues related to DBS and related neuromodulation technologies, have contributed to this research topic.
    Keywords: RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; Informed Consent ; Deep Brain Stimulation ; Depression ; Neurosurgery ; Movement Disorders ; Neuromodulation ; Enhancement ; Neuroethics ; Philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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  • 36
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Food waste is becoming an important and growing concern at both local and global levels. According to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), one-third of all food production is wasted globally, and in particular, 1.3 billion tons of food produced for human consumption is wasted per year, representing an economic loss of EUR 800 billion. The main foods wasted are represented by vegetables, fruits, meat, and fish. Considering the high availability and the composition of food waste, there is an increasing interest in their bio-valorization. Moreover, according to the global Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs 12 and 13), an appropriate waste management represents an essential prerequisite for the sustainable development.This reprint collects interesting manuscripts regarding innovative research focused on food waste valorization through fermentation processes for obtaining value-added products such as enzymes, feed additives, biofuels, animal feeds as well as other useful chemicals or products, food-grade pigments, and single-cell protein (SCP), enhancing food security and environmentally sustainable development.
    Keywords: industrial food waste ; valorization ; biorefinery ; bioenergy ; biobased materials ; promotion policy ; rice husk ; pyrolysis ; porous biochar ; pore property ; surface composition ; microbial red pigment ; Monascus purpureus ; simultaneous hydrolysis and fermentation ; sustainability ; whey ; RSM ; bioethanol ; yeast fermentation ; sugar beet molasses ; industrial by-product ; scale-up ; agricultural waste ; wastewater ; microbial fuel cell ; techno-economic ; commercialization ; life cycle assessment ; Neurospora intermedia ; bread ; process development ; cheese whey ; Aspergillus awamori ; β-galactosidase ; lactose hydrolysis ; Acetobacter xylinum ; bacterial cellulose ; biosurfactant ; bioemulsifier ; waste frying oil ; Bacillus cereus ; food additives ; cookie ; microalgae ; DHA ; lignocellulosic biomass ; organosolv fractionation ; liquid fraction ; solid pulp ; omega-3 fatty acids ; soap ; olives ; olive oil ; fermentation ; food waste ; fish waste ; citrus peel ; aquafeed ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Lactobacillus reuteri ; whey product ; proteins ; ultrafiltration ; nanofiltration ; keratinocytes scratch assay ; mozzarella cheese manufacturing ; pressing residue ; grape ; apple ; silage ; animal production ; enzyme production ; polyphenols ; Juglans regia L. ; walnut green husk ; agricultural wastes ; soil conditions ; glucans ; pectins ; Aspergillus oryzae ; rice hull ; paper mill wastewater ; bioremediation ; amylase ; solid-state fermentation (SSF) ; goat feeding ; durian peel ; silage additives ; propionate ; methane mitigation ; nitrogen balance ; waste management ; biofuel production ; circular economy ; single cell protein ; value-added product ; food and feed production ; yeast ; probiotics ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TC Biochemical engineering::TCB Biotechnology
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  • 37
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: The integration of multisensory information is an essential mechanism in perception and in controlling actions. Research in multisensory integration is concerned with how the information from the different sensory modalities, such as the senses of vision, hearing, smell, taste, touch, and proprioception, are integrated to a coherent representation of objects. Multisensory integration is central for action control. For instance, when you grasp for a rubber duck, you can see its size and hear the sound it produces. Moreover, identical physical properties of an object can be provided by different senses. You can both see and feel the size of the rubber duck. Even when you grasp for the rubber duck with a tool (e.g. with tongs), the information from the hand, from the effect points of the tool and from the eyes are integrated in a manner to act successfully. Over the recent decade a surge of interest in multisensory integration and action control has been witnessed, especially in connection with the idea that multiple sensory sources are integrated in an optimized way. For this perspective to mature, it will be helpful to delve deeper into the information processing mechanisms and their neural correlates, asking about the range and constraints of this mechanisms, about its localization and involved networks.
    Keywords: BF1-990 ; Q1-390 ; recalibration ; haptic ; Human Information Processing ; Vision ; Perception ; reference frame ; Acoustics ; Tool Use ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JM Psychology
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  • 38
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Volume I, entitled “Augmentation of Brain Functions: Brain-Machine Interfaces”, is a collection of articles on neuroprosthetic technologies that utilize brain-machine interfaces (BMIs). BMIs strive to augment the brain by linking neural activity, recorded invasively or noninvasively, to external devices, such as arm prostheses, exoskeletons that enable bipedal walking, means of communication and technologies that augment attention. In addition to many practical applications, BMIs provide useful research tools for basic science. Several articles cover challenges and controversies in this rapidly developing field, such as ways to improve information transfer rate. BMIs can be applied to the awake state of the brain and to the sleep state, as well. BMIs can augment action planning and decision making. Importantly, BMI operations evoke brain plasticity, which can have long-lasting effects. Advanced neural decoding algorithms that utilize optimal feedback controllers are key to the BMI performance. BMI approach can be combined with the other augmentation methods; such systems are called hybrid BMIs. Overall, it appears that BMI will lead to many powerful and practical brain-augmenting technologies in the future.
    Keywords: RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; microcircuits ; Brain machine interface (BMI) ; nootropics ; tDCStranscranial direct current stimulation ; neural networks ; neuroprosthesis ; TMS ; implants ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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  • 39
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Photosystem II is a 700-kDa membrane-protein super-complex responsible for the light-driven splitting of water in oxygenic photosynthesis. The photosystem is comprised of two 350-kDa complexes each made of 20 different polypeptides and over 80 co-factors. While there have been major advances in understanding the mature structure of this photosystem many key protein factors involved in the assembly of the complex do not appear in the holoenzyme. The mechanism for assembling this super-complex is a very active area of research with newly discovered assembly factors and subcomplexes requiring characterization. Additionally the ability to split water is inseparable from light-induced photodamage that arises from radicals and reactive O2 species generated by Photosystem II chemistry. Consequently, to sustain water splitting, a “self repair” cycle has evolved whereby damaged protein is removed and replaced so as to extend the working life of the complex. Understanding how the biogenesis and repair processes are coordinated is among several important questions that remain to be answered. Other questions include: how and when are the inorganic cofactors inserted during the assembly and repair processes and how are the subcomplexes protected from photodamage during assembly? Evidence has also been obtained for Photosystem II biogenesis centers in cyanobacteria but do these also exist in plants? Do the molecular mechanisms associated with Photosystem II assembly shed fresh light on the assembly of other major energy-transducing complexes such as Photosystem I or the cytochrome b6/f complex or indeed other respiratory complexes? The contributions to this Frontiers in Plant Science Research Topic are likely to reveal new details applicable to the assembly of a range of membrane-protein complexes, including aspects of self-assembly and solar energy conversion that may be applied to artificial photosynthetic systems. In addition, a deeper understanding of Photosystem II assembly — particularly in response to changing environmental conditions — will provide new knowledge underpinning photosynthetic yields which may contribute to improved food production and long-term food security.
    Keywords: QK1-989 ; Q1-390 ; Arabidopsis thaliana ; photoactivation ; photosynthesis ; Chlamydomonas reinhardtii ; cyanobacteria ; biogenesis ; Photosystem II ; photodamage ; Nicotiana tabacum ; Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PST Botany and plant sciences
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  • 40
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Big data is revolutionizing our ability to measure and study the human brain. New technology increases the resolution of images that are being study as well as enables researchers to study the brain as it functions. These technological advances are combined with efforts to collect neuroimaging data on large numbers of subjects, in some cases longitudinally. This combination of advances in measurement and scope of studies requires novel development in the statistical analysis. Fast, scalable, robust and accurate models and approaches need to be developed to make headway on these problems. This volume represents a unique collection of researchers providing deep insights on the statistical analysis of big neuroimaging data.
    Keywords: RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; fMRI ; Neuroscience ; functional connectivity ; EEG ; Classification ; prediction ; big data ; MEG ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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  • 41
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The bioeconomy initially focused on resource substitution, including the production of biomass from various resources; its conversion, fractionation, and processing by means of biotechnology; and chemistry and process engineering towards the production and marketing of food, feed, fuel, and fibre. Nevertheless, although resource substitution is still considered important, the emphasis has been recently shifted to the biotechnological innovation perspective of the bioeconomy, in terms that ensure environmental sustainability. It is estimated that around one-third of the food produced for human consumption is wasted throughout the world, posing not only a sustainability problem related to food security but also a significant environmental problem. Food waste streams, mainly derived from fruits and vegetables, cereals, oilseeds, meat, dairy, and fish processing, have unavoidably attracted the interest of the scientific community as an abundant reservoir of complex carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and functional compounds, which can be utilized as raw materials for added-value product formulations. This Special Issue focuses on innovative and emerging food and by-products processing methods for the sustainable transition to a bioeconomy era.
    Keywords: TP248.13-248.65 ; T1-995 ; ash content ; sorghum milling waste ; lipids ; compost ; oleic acid ; microbial oil ; bioprocess development ; glucoamylase ; fatty acid methyl esters ; oleaginous yeast ; integrated biorefineries ; biorefineries ; hydrophobic substrates ; food processing ; hydrophilicity ; biodiesel ; films ; biodegradability ; clarified butter sediment waste ; submerged fungal fermentation ; blood plasma protein powder ; Morchella ; hydrogels ; heat-induced gelation ; sustainability ; bacterial cellulose ; bioprocesses ; circular economy ; olive waste ; prebiotics ; Rhodosporidium toruloides ; carotenoids ; waste valorization ; glucosamine ; food-processing ; size exclusion chromatography (SEC) ; bioeconomy ; food waste valorization ; whey proteins ; arabinoxylan ; Ostwald ripening ; emulsion ; emulsifier ; food biotechnology ; drying method ; polysaccharides ; food packaging ; texture ; lactose esters ; morel mushrooms ; circular-economy ; solid state fermentation ; bioactive compounds ; edible films ; hydrolysis ; Aspergillus awamori ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TC Biochemical engineering::TCB Biotechnology
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  • 42
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: A conversation between two people can only take place if the words intended by each speaker are successfully recognized. Spoken word recognition is at the heart of language comprehension. This automatic and smooth process remains a challenge for models of spoken word recognition. Both the process of mapping the speech signal onto stored representations for words, and the format of the representation themselves are subject to debate. So far, existing research on the nature of spoken word representations has focused mainly on native speakers. The picture becomes even more complex when looking at spoken word recognition in a second language. Given that most of the world’s speakers know and use more than one language, it is crucial to reach a more precise understanding of how bilingual and multilingual individuals encode spoken words in the mental lexicon, and why spoken word recognition is more difficult in a second language than in the native language. Current models of native spoken word recognition operate under two assumptions: (i) that listeners’ perception of the incoming speech signal is optimal; and (ii) that listeners’ lexical representations are accurate. As a result, lexical representations are easily activated, and intended words are successfully recognized. However, these assumptions are compromised when applied to a later-learned second language. For a variety of reasons (e.g., phonetic/phonological, orthographic), second language users may not perceive the speech signal optimally, and they may still be refining the motor routines needed for articulation. Accordingly, their lexical representations may differ from those of native speakers, which may in turn inhibit their selection of the intended word forms. Second language users also have to solve a larger selection challenge—having words in more than one language to choose from. Thus, for second language users, the links between perception, lexical representations, orthography, and production are all but clear. Even for simultaneous bilinguals, important questions remain about the specificity and interdependence of their lexical representations and the factors influencing cross-language word activation. This Frontiers Research Topic seeks to further our understanding of the factors that determine how multilinguals recognize and encode spoken words in the mental lexicon, with a focus on the mapping between the input and lexical representations, and on the quality of lexical representations.
    Keywords: BF1-990 ; Q1-390 ; Phonological knowledge ; Second-language speech ; bilingual and bidialectal lexicon ; spoken word recognition ; lexical access ; orthographic knowledge ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JM Psychology
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  • 43
    Publication Date: 2024-03-31
    Description: This forum of comprehensive reviews and research studies on distinct aspects of the pathophysiology of BAV aortopathy provides both the state of the art in the knowledge on this complex disease and novel insights into its causes and consequences. The present collection of focused papers also envisions and proposes new therapeutic strategies, novel biomarkers and original risk stratification criteria, for the improvement of patient management.
    Keywords: QP1-981 ; Q1-390 ; smooth muscle cells ; microRNAs ; aortic root ; endothelial cells ; aortic surgery ; bicuspid aortic valve ; 4DFlow analysis ; aortopathy ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MF Pre-clinical medicine: basic sciences::MFG Physiology
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  • 44
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: This research topic stems from the "Interdisciplinary Approaches to Multilingualism" conference, which was hosted by the Language Research Centre at the University of Calgary. It was the first conference of its kind, which brought together the work of researchers, educators, and policy makers in the areas of first and second language acquisition from psycholinguistic and pedagogical perspectives. The goal was to provide an opportunity for participants to engage with the implications of multilingualism from a range of perspectives, including the effects of being bilingual from infancy to adulthood, the process and benefits of learning multiple languages, and the impact of multilingualism on society.
    Keywords: BF1-990 ; Q1-390 ; Developmental psycholinguistics ; second language literacy development ; Multilingualism ; psycholinguistic research methods ; Second language pedagogy ; bilingualism ; Second Language Acquisition ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JM Psychology
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  • 45
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: “Personalised Nutrition” represents any initiative that attempts to provide tailor-made healthy eating advice based on the nutritional needs of each individual, as these are dictated by the individual’s behaviour, phenotype and/or genotype, and their interactions. This Special Issue of Nutrients is dedicated to the development, implementation and assessment of the effectiveness of evidence-based “Personalised Nutrition” strategies. In this regard, a selection of reviews and original research manuscripts will bring together the latest evidence on how lifestyle habits, physiology, nutraceuticals, gut microbiome and genetics can be integrated into nutritional solutions, specific to the needs of each individual, for maintaining health and preventing diseases.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; Q1-390 ; TX341-641 ; n/a ; gene-based ; taste ; postprandial leptin ; children ; personalised ; obesity ; macronutrient composition ; gastrointestinal symptoms ; postprandial adiponectin ; formula diet ; avoidance diet ; weight loss ; weight ; omega-3 fatty acids ; microbiome ; genotype ; nutrition ; direct-to-consumer test ; intervention ; clinical nutrition ; postprandial total ghrelin ; dietary intervention ; microbiota ; low-carbohydrate diet ; insulin ; FADS polymorphism ; adults ; genetics ; diet ; healthcare professionals ; HbA1c ; PROX1 gene ; phenotype ; high-fat meal ; glucose ; personalised nutrition ; irritable bowel syndrome ; dietary recommendation ; postprandial metabolic fingerprinting ; type 2 diabetes mellitus risk ; high-carbohydrate meal ; health ; ultra-high performance liquid chromatography ; food allergy ; normo-carbohydrate meal ; nutrimetabolomics ; type 2 diabetes ; nutrigenetics ; gene–diet interaction ; personalized nutrition ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 46
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: In the last decade, sleep spindles have attracted steadily increasing attention. This interest is motivated by the many intriguing relationships between spindles and various diseases (e.g., schizophrenia, Parkinson, Alzheimer, autism, mental retardation), recovery processes (e.g., post brain stroke), and cognitive faculties (e.g., memory consolidation, intelligence, dream recall, sleep preservation). Nonetheless, a methodological wall has impeded the study of sleep spindles. Their investigation rests heavily on our ability to reliably and consistently identify spindle patterns from background EEG activity, a task involving many obstacles, including: a fuzzy definition of spindles, low inter-expert agreement on their scoring, lack of consensus on standard techniques for their automated detection, low reproducibility of observed characteristics and correlates, unavailability of large, standardized, high-quality databases, and inconsistencies in the methods used to evaluate the performance of automated detectors. The primary aims of this research topic were to bring together world-class researchers on a project designed to facilitate exchanges on methodological difficulties encountered in assessing sleep spindles and to promote standardized spindle-related resources. In preparing their contributions, authors were encouraged to use existing – or to propose new – publicly available resources for assessing sleep spindles. To allow fair and accurate comparison of reported results, the authors were also encouraged to validate their tools on a common benchmark. A database containing expert spindle scoring (i.e., the Montreal Archive of Sleep Studies) was made publicly available for that purpose.
    Keywords: RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; Neural oscillations ; Electroencephalography (EEG) ; Sleep ; Sleep Spindles ; Memory ; IQ ; sigma waves ; automatic detection ; biomarker ; Open access ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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  • 47
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    Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2024-03-31
    Description: Energy metabolism is central to life and altered energy expenditure (EE) is often cited as a central mechanism responsible for development of the obese phenotype. Resting EE, EE of physical activity, cold induced thermogenesis and thermic effect of feeding add to produce total EE but can also affect each other. It is thus very important that each component be well measured. Measuring energy expenditure by indirect calorimetry is extremely simple in theory but the practice if far more difficult. Taking into account temperature in small sized animals, measuring accurately the effect of activity on EE, correcting EE for body size body composition, age sex etc… add difficulties in producing reliable data. The goal of this Research Topic was to call for the practical experience of main investigators trained to practice calorimetry in order to get their feedback and the way they deal with the various and specific problems of humans and animal calorimetry. The goal is to share the questions/solutions experienced by the contributors to inititate a “guide of the good practices” that can be periodically updated and used by all those who are and will be interested in measuring energy metabolism from the 20g mouse to the human and large farm animals.
    Keywords: QP1-981 ; Q1-390 ; Body Composition ; Thermogenesis ; brown adipose tissue ; Body Size ; Energy Expenditure ; indirect calorimetry ; physical activity ; metabolic Phenotyping ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MF Pre-clinical medicine: basic sciences::MFG Physiology
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  • 48
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-10-25
    Description: This edited volume contains 18 articles published in Sustainability from late 2018 to early 2021. During that time, the world faced the fatal and widespread health crisis, COVID-19, which had threatened the social and public health systems at every corner for quite some time.As the Guest-Editors and also a contributing authors, we are glad that the academic contents from the Special Issue will now be put together in this volume, making the authors' hard work and efforts accessible to the larger audience.
    Keywords: mobile phone penetration ; divorce rate ; marital happiness ; well-being ; physical exercises and sports ; sex ; educational background ; social public health ; health communication ; sleep hygiene ; health ; old people ; association ; logistic regression ; periodic general health examination ; fear of illness detection ; Vietnam ; depression ; acculturation stress ; social connectedness ; international students ; university students ; ASSIS ; Mindsponge ; multicultural ; emotional labor ; surface acting ; emotional dissonance ; occupational stress ; moderated mediation ; hospital ; rural and urban hospitals ; healthcare ; sustainable rural health ; the financial condition ; government health expenditure (GHE) efficiency ; data envelopment analysis (DEA) method ; Moran’s I value ; spatial spillover effect (SSE) ; spatial Durbin model (SDM) ; diet ; nutrition ; intake ; public health ; health professionals ; dietary risk ; depressive disorder ; university student ; scientific output ; international collaboration ; funding ; Korea ; Japan ; China ; scientific impact ; scientific quality ; coronavirus ; COVID-19 ; SARS-CoV-2 ; pandemic ; policy response ; social media ; science journalism ; public health system ; healthcare systems ; aged populations ; job insecurity ; health and consumption indicators ; gender inequalities ; sustainable preventive policies ; readmission ; social capital ; economics ; mental health ; drug abuse ; space–health nexus ; older women ; spatial planning perspective ; interdisciplinary expert dialogue ; retrospective qualitative study ; knowledge transfer ; health policy analysis ; efficiency ; gender ; CEO ; top management team (TMT) ; data envelopment analysis (DEA) ; truncated regression ; bootstrap ; upper echelon theory ; public health authorities ; public communication ; risk communication ; social networks ; lockdown ; crisis ; COVID-19 pandemic ; sustainability ; NSP ; harm reduction ; harm minimization ; low threshold settings ; PWID ; sustainable implementation qualities ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MB Medicine: general issues::MBN Public health & preventive medicine
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  • 49
    Publication Date: 2023-12-20
    Description: Landscapes have long been viewed as ‘multifunctional’, integrating ecological, economic, sociocultural, historical, and aesthetic dimensions. Landscape science and public awareness in Europe have been progressing in leaps and bounds. The challenges involved in landscape-related issues and fields, however, are multiple and refer to landscape stewardship and protection, as well as to the development of comprehensive theoretical and methodological approaches, in tandem with public sensitization and participatory governance and in coordination with appropriate top-down planning and policy instruments. Landscape-scale approaches are fundamental to the understanding of past and present cultural evolution, and are now considered to be an appropriate spatial framework for the analysis of sustainability. Methods and tools of landscape analysis and intervention have also gone a long way since their early development in Europe and the United States. Although significant progress has been made, there remain many issues which are understudied or not investigated at all—at least in a Mediterranean context. This Special Issue addresses the application of landscape theory and practice in the Eastern Mediterranean and mainly, but not exclusively, reports on the outcomes of an international conference held in Jordan, in December 2015, with the title “Landscapes of Eastern Mediterranean: Challenges, Opportunities, Prospects and Accomplishments”. The focus of this Special Issue, landscapes of the Eastern Mediterranean region, thus constitutes a timely area of research interest, not only because these landscapes have so far been understudied, but also as a rich site of strikingly variegated, long-standing multicultural human–environmental interactions. These interactions, resting on and taking shape through millennia of continuity in tradition, have been striving to adapt to technological advances, while currently juggling with manifold and multilayered socioeconomic and climate–environmental crises.
    Keywords: G1-922 ; Q1-390 ; n/a ; landscape archaeology ; Cyprus ; Landscape Character Assessment (LCA) ; Eastern Mediterranean ; Land Description Units ; stakeholders’ analysis ; UK ; local authority ; ancient sanctuaries ; East Med landscape ; Twain-born Border Lord ; Landscape Decision Support System ; mapping ; topography ; Byzantine landscape and garden art ; economy ; LCA ; classification ; churches ; Arabic-speaking ; participatory ; Landscape Risk Assessment Model ; landforms ; GIS ; planning ; typology ; Greek-speaking ; public realm ; landscape changes ; sacred space ; comparative study ; urban environment ; ideology ; political power ; Arabic landscape and garden art ; cultural sustainability ; historical maps ; religion ; rural land ; multi-functional landscapes ; Lebanon ; Mediterranean ; geographical information system ; spatial distributions ; Land Description Unit (LDU) ; political sustainability ; landscape ; landscape character assessment ; governance ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning::RG Geography
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  • 50
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: In recent years, the implementation of sustainable concrete systems has been a topic of great interest in the field of construction engineering worldwide, as a result of the large and rapid increase in carbon emissions and environmental problems resulting from traditional concrete production and industry. For example, the uses of supplementary cementitious materials, geopolymer binder, recycled aggregate and industrial/agricultural wastes in concrete are all approaches to building a sustainable concrete system. However, such materials have inherent flaws due to their variety of sources, and exhibit very different properties compared with traditional concrete. Therefore, they require specific modifications in preprocessing, design, and evaluation before use in concrete. This reprint, entitled “Advances in Sustainable Concrete System”, covers a broad range of advanced concrete research in environmentally friendly concretes, cost-effective admixtures, and waste recycling, specifically including the design methods, mechanical properties, durability, microstructure, various models, hydration mechanisms, and practical applications of solid wastes in concrete systems.
    Keywords: high-strength concrete ; energy evolution ; elastic strain energy ; brittleness evaluation index ; concrete ; humidity ; moisture absorption ; moisture desorption ; numerical simulation ; acoustic emission ; AE rate process theory ; corrosion rate ; damage evolution ; axial load ; precast concrete structure ; lattice girder semi-precast slabs ; bending resistance ; FE modelling ; concrete damage ; GSP ; high strength ; hydration ; strength ; penetrability ; rice husk ash ; sustainable concrete ; artificial neural networks ; multiple linear regression ; eco-friendly concrete ; green concrete ; sustainable development ; artificial intelligence ; data science ; machine learning ; bagasse ash ; mechanical properties ; natural coarse aggregate ; recycled coarse aggregate ; two-stage concrete ; materials design ; recycled concrete ; crumb rubber concrete ; crumb rubber ; NaOH treatment ; lime treatment ; water treatment ; detergent treatment ; compressive strength ; materials ; adhesively-bonded joint ; temperature aging ; residual strength ; mechanical behavior ; failure criterion ; steel slag powder ; compound activator ; mortar strength ; orthogonal experiment ; GM (0, N) model ; ultrafine metakaolin ; silica fume ; durability ; fiber-reinforced concrete ; damage mechanism ; uniaxial tension ; cracked concrete ; crack width ; crack depth ; tortuosity ; sustainability ; concrete composites ; sulfate and acid attacks ; WPFT fibers ; coal gangue ; gradation ; cement content ; unconfined compressive strength ; freeze–thaw cycle ; minimum energy dissipation principle ; three-shear energy yield criterion ; damage variable ; constitutive model ; phosphorus slag ; limestone ; sulphate-corrosion resistance ; volume deformation ; blast furnace ferronickel slag ; alkali-activated material ; dosage of activator ; reactive powder concrete ; beam-column joint ; FE modeling ; crack ; cementitious gravel ; fly ash ; age ; optimal dosage ; bamboo ; sawdust ; pretreatment ; bio-based material ; mechanical property ; self-compacting concrete ; supplementary cementitious materials ; hydration mechanisms ; microstructure ; fresh properties ; synthetic polymer ; high temperature ; bentonite-free drilling fluid ; rheology ; filtration ; FRP reinforced concrete slab ; punching shear strength ; SHAP ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TN Civil engineering, surveying and building::TNK Building construction and materials::TNKX Conservation of buildings and building materials
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  • 51
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: In light of the considerable impact of global food supply chains on climate change, more sustainable ways of producing, distributing, and consuming food appear critical for sustainable development. With the aim of contributing to this topic, this Special Issue on sustainable food consumption and food marketing addresses various relevant issues related to food consumption, including innovative and sustainable forms of food production and consumption, animal welfare and meat consumption, price transmission, social media communication, alternative food production, and organic agriculture, among others. As such, this Special Issue sheds light on more sustainable and carbon-friendly food production and consumption systems from various angles. It delivers valuable scientific evidence for the transformation of current carbon-based food supply chains to more eco-friendly, fair, and future-oriented food supply chains.
    Keywords: aquaponics ; Structural Equation Modeling ; consumer behavior ; purchase intention ; willingness to pay ; sustainability ; food market ; veganic ; vegan-organic ; vegan ; stockless ; attitudes ; environmental marketing ; green product ; green consumer ; green purchase decision ; consumer behaviour ; theory of planned behaviour ; sustainable consumption ; Bangladesh ; out-of-home catering ; sustainable nutrition ; variety seeking ; spontaneous choice ; company canteens ; trust ; social media ; small and medium enterprises ; Bresse Gauloise ; choice experiment ; dual-purpose breeds ; faba beans ; Kollbecksmoor ; theory of planned behavior ; Vorwerkhuhn ; White Rock ; green products ; palm oil free ; structural equation modeling ; SEM ; sustainable food consumption ; food waste ; theoretical framework ; food tourism ; community-based tourism ; sustainable development ; community engagement ; rural development ; food heritage ; carbon-friendly food ; emotions ; animal welfare ; cured ham ; discrete choice experiment ; latent construct model ; market instability ; nonlinear empirical dynamics ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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  • 52
    Publication Date: 2023-12-21
    Description: Aflatoxins are a group of polyketide mycotoxins that are produced mainly by members of the genus Aspergillus. Production of these toxic secondary metabolites is closely related to fungal development (Keller et al., 2005; Jamali et al., 2012). Contamination of food, feed and agricultural commodities by aflatoxins poses enormous economic and serious health concerns because these chemicals are highly carcinogenic and can directly influence the structure of DNA. The resulting genetic defects can lead to fetal misdevelopment and miscarriages; aflatoxins are also known to suppress immune systems (Razzaghi-Abyaneh et al., 2013). In a global context, aflatoxin contamination is a constant concern between the 35N and 35S latitude where developing countries are mainly situated. With expanding boundaries of developing countries, aflatoxin contamination has become a persistent problem to those emerging areas (Shams-Ghahfarokhi et al., 2013). The continuing threat by aflatoxin contamination of food, feed and agricultural commodities to the world population has made aflatoxin research one of the most exciting and rapidly developing study areas of microbial toxins. The present research topic includes six review articles, three mini reviews and four original research articles. Contributors highlight current global health issues arising from aflatoxins and aflatoxigenic fungi and cover important aspects of aflatoxin research including contamination of crops, epidemiology, molecular biology and management strategies. Special attention is given to fungus-plant host interactions, biodiversity and biocontrol, sexual recombination in aflatoxigenic aspergilli, potential biomarkers for aflatoxin exposure in humans and safe storage programs.
    Keywords: R5-920 ; QR1-502 ; Q1-390 ; TX341-641 ; genetic diversity ; Public Health ; Aspergillus flavus ; Genomics ; MicroRNAs ; Fungus host interactions ; biological control ; aflatoxin ; agricultural crops ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
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  • 53
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Helicases are the proteins that bind to double- or single-stranded DNA and/or RNA chains to unwind higher order structures, usually consuming energy from the hydrolysis of ATP molecules. The biological roles of helicases are associated with a variety of DNA and/or RNA metabolisms, including DNA-replication, -repair, -recombination, RNA processing, and transcription. Dysfunctions of helicases cause various diseases, such as xeroderma pigmentosum (XP), premature aging syndrome, cancer and immunodeficiency, in humans. Moreover, recent genetic analyses revealed that mutations in helicase-encoding genes are frequently found in patients of specific diseases. Some helicases regulate cellular senescence by controlling integrity of genomes, and others play a role in neuromuscular functions presumably by modulating processing of mRNAs. However, the molecular mechanisms of how helicases are regulated in order to maintain our health are not yet fully understood. In this research topic, we will focus on the expression and functions of helicases and their encoding genes, reviewing recent research progresses that provide new insights into development of clinical and pharmaceutical treatments targeting helicases.
    Keywords: QH426-470 ; Q1-390 ; DNA Repair ; Aging ; helicases ; Telomere ; Cancer ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAK Genetics (non-medical)
    Language: English
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  • 54
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-12-20
    Description: The practical importance of economic valuation information can hardly be overstated. Coastal and marine resource policy planning and management benefit from complete information on the impact of policy decisions.
    Keywords: Q1-390 ; internet survey ; open access ; contingent valuation method ; coastal management ; tourism ; Thailand ; marine ; wetlands ; harmful algae blooms ; environmental valuation ; quota ; cyanobacteria ; estuarine and coastal ecosystems ; wealth accounting ; seawater quality ; economic analysis ; remote sensing ; ecosystem restoration ; coastal ecosystems ; random utility model ; contingent behavior ; public policy ; habitat–fishery linkages ; Barbados ; coastal ecosystem services valuation ; fishery ; mangroves ; ecosystem services valuation ; coral reefs valuation ; recreational boating ; regulated open access ; non-market value ; economic valuation ; ecosystem services ; coastal ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general
    Language: English
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  • 55
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The Hippo pathway is a highly dynamic cellular signaling nexus that plays central roles in multiple cell types and regulates regeneration, metabolism, and development. The Hippo pathway integrates mechanotransduction, cell polarity, inflammation, and numerous types of paracrine signaling. If not tightly regulated, dysregulated Hippo pathway signaling drives the onset and progression of a range of diseases, including fibrosis and cancer. The molecular understanding of the Hippo pathway is rapidly evolving. This Special Issue contains ten articles contributed by established and up-and-coming Hippo pathway experts that, as a whole, provides an up-to-date overview of how dysregulated Hippo pathway activity is a common driver of specific diseases. The articles have a particular focus on the underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms that cause the Hippo pathway to go awry, and especially how this drives disease. The articles analyze disease-specific as well as common themes, which provides valuable insights into the fundamental molecular mechanisms in the dysfunctioning Hippo pathway, and thereby offer practical insights into potential future therapeutic intervention strategies.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; Q1-390 ; STRIPAK ; skin cancer ; n/a ; Lats2 ; transcription ; myofibroblast ; epigenetic ; Hippo ; cancer immunity ; TAZ ; Taz ; TAZ (transcriptional co-activator with PDZ-binding motif) ; adaptive immunity ; fibroblasts ; innate immunity ; LATS ; MST (mammalian STE20-like protein kinase) ; phosphorylation ; stem cells ; wound healing ; signal transduction ; angiogenesis ; LATS1/2 ; EMT ; protein-protein interactions ; structure biology ; Hippo pathway ; hippo pathway ; autoimmunity ; Mps one binder ; YAP/TAZ ; GPCR ; fibrosis ; MST1/2 ; YAP (yes-associated protein) ; YAP ; Yap ; protein kinase ; LATS (large tumor suppressor kinase) ; peripheral nerve sheath tumor ; signal cross-talk ; stem cell ; skin development ; STK38 ; tumorigenesis ; NDR ; schwannoma ; G protein-coupled receptor ; anti-cancer therapy ; feedback loops ; vascular mimicry ; castration resistance ; chromatin ; Hippo signalling ; ECM ; MST ; prostate cancer ; TEAD ; cancer ; zebrafish ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 56
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: The visual system consists of hierarchically organized distinct anatomical areas functionally specialized for processing different aspects of a visual object (Felleman & Van Essen, 1991). These visual areas are interconnected through ascending feedforward projections, descending feedback projections, and projections from neural structures at the same hierarchical level (Lamme et al., 1998). Accumulating evidence from anatomical, functional and theoretical studies suggests that these three projections play fundamentally different roles in perception. However, their distinct functional roles in visual processing are still subject to debate (Lamme & Roelfsema, 2000). The focus of this Research Topic is the roles of feedforward and feedback projections in vision. Even though the notions of feedforward, feedback, and reentrant processing are widely accepted, it has been found difficult to distinguish their individual roles on the basis of a single criterion. We welcome empirical contributions, theoretical contributions and reviews that fit into any one (or a combination) of the following domains: 1) their functional roles for perception of specific features of a visual object 2) their contributions to the distinct modes of visual processing (e.g., pre-attentive vs. attentive, conscious vs. unconscious) 3) recent techniques/methodologies to identify distinct functional roles of feedforward and feedback projections and corresponding neural signatures. We believe that the current Research Topic will not only provide recent information about feedforward/feedback processes in vision but also contribute to the understanding fundamental principles of cortical processing in general.
    Keywords: BF1-990 ; Q1-390 ; projections ; processes ; Feedback ; Vision ; feedforward ; Visual System ; mechanisms ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JM Psychology
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  • 57
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The eBook "Building Strategies for Porcine Cancer Models" presents a series of articles demonstrating the state-of-the-art developments in pig models for cancer research. Renowned researchers dedicated to the reproduction, genomic and biological engineering of the pig model for biomedicine contribute to this special research area. Although advances in these areas are occurring at surprising speeds, they are still far from realizing all the potential benefits that this biological model could provide to science. The current biomedical models may limit the frontier of knowledge in the cancer research.
    Keywords: QH426-470 ; Q1-390 ; Pigs ; Cloning ; Genetic engineering ; Comparative Genomics ; Gene Editing ; Animal Models ; Cancer ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAK Genetics (non-medical)
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  • 58
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: This e-book summarizes recent advances in the young and rapidly developing field of microbial volatiles. Articles included here reveal novel information about the chemical diversity of bacterial and fungal volatiles, their functions, their roles in inter-specific and inter-kingdom interactions and the metabolic and physiological changes their exposure causes in the target organisms. The e-book is divided in three chapters: (1) Natural Functions of Microbial Volatiles; (2) Volatile Production and Ecosystem Functioning and (3) Volatile Detection and Identification.
    Keywords: QR1-502 ; Q1-390 ; microorganisms ; infochemicals ; natural functions ; induced systemic resistance ; Plants ; antimicrobials ; plant growth promotion ; volatiles ; interactions ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSG Microbiology (non-medical)
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  • 59
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Planting trees in the agricultural landscape, in the form of establishing agroforestry systems, has a significant role to play in potentially improving ecosystem services, such as increased biodiversity, reduced soil erosion, increased soil carbon storage, improved food security and nutrition, and reduced greenhouse gas emissions. While the role of trees in agroforestry systems in improving ecosystem services has been researched, studies in new systems/regions and new agroforestry system designs are still emerging. This Special Issue includes selected papers presented at the 4th World Congress on Agroforestry, Montpellier, France 20–22 May 2019, and other volunteer papers. The scope of articles includes all aspects of agroforestry systems.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; Q1-390 ; S1-972 ; farmers’ knowledge ; ahannon-wiener index ; economic benefits ; alley cropping ; lignin ; shelterbelts ; agroforestry ; natural capital ; forest farming ; nutrient content ; agroforestry system ; review ; Amazonia ; cropland ; riparian buffers ; climate change ; subtropical acidic forest soil ; bees ; phosphorus ; pollination ; 15N tracing experiment ; stable isotope ; West Java ; interspecific competition ; growth form ; cropping system ; climate change mitigation ; gross N transformation rates ; East Africa ; improved-fallow ; N-fixing trees ; carbon sequestration ; home garden ; margalef index ; windbreaks ; leaf nutrient diagnosis ; agroforestry systems ; pollinators ; sorption ; forestland ; China ; temperature change ; fractionation ; hedgerows ; native trees ; slash-and-mulch ; soil N ; shade tree species ; soil C ; Alpinia oxyphylla ; sustainable management ; plant water use ; rubber-based agroforestry system ; ecosystem services ; Indonesia ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 60
    Publication Date: 2023-12-20
    Description: In this eBook, Conceptual Categories and the Structure of Reality, the title very well describes the book's content. Within the book's pages a selection of academics from a variety of human behaviour, human/social science and humanities disciplines write about their research all of which can be typified by their consideration of how categories are used to structure understanding of phenomena. These authors have considered how reality may be understood through notions such as categorial and structural ontologies, part-whole relatoinships (mereology), the qualitative, quantitative and philosophical use of the facet theory approach to research, mapping sentences and declarative mapping sentence, hermeneutics, concepts and constructs, similarities and differences. The resulting collection presents the foregoing conceptual and empirical approaches to knowledge development in general (chapter 1&3 Hackett); Phillips and Wislons' review of compositional syntax in bird calls (chapter 2); neurobehavioral decision systems (chapter 4 Foxall); representations of human psychological processes (chapter 5 Juan-Miguel López-Gil; Rosa Gil; Roberto García); free associations mirroring and its relation to self- and world-related concepts (chapter 6 Martin Kuška; Radek Trnka; Aleš Antonín Kuběna; Jiří Růžička); local knowledge and going beyond the data (chapter 7 Steven Phillips); categorical etiologies of speech sound disorders (chapter 8 Kelly Farquharson); similarity of visual appearance (chapter 9 Nao Nakatsuji; Hisayasu Ihara; Takeharu Seno; Hiroshi Ito); and a consideration of the seminal writing of David Oderberg's on the categorial classification of reality (chapter 10 Hackett).
    Keywords: BF1-990 ; Q1-390 ; mereology ; similarities ; hermeneutics ; concepts ; category ; ontology ; facet theory ; declarative mapping sentence ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology
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  • 61
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: Foreword by Richard J. Stevenson, Macquarie University (Australia): It was long thought that the human nose might be able to discriminate somewhere in the order of 10,000 different odourants. The recent finding that the human nose can discriminate something like a trillion different smells serves as yet another reminder that we have again underestimated the capacity of our sense of smell (Bushdid, Magnasco, Vosshall & Keller, 2014). This volume serves as a further corrective for anyone who should hold the view that olfaction is unimportant in human affairs. The papers presented in this ebook, carefully collated and overseen by Aldo Zucco, Benoist Schaal, Mats Olsson and Ilona Croy, showcase a large number of quite different reasons for studying the applied side of olfaction, and indeed human olfaction in general. The 23 contributions presented here cover a broad range of topics, which illustrate contemporary interests in our field. Although with a strong applied focus, a noteworthy feature of this ebook is the richness of the theoretical perspectives that are developed. These range from considerations of olfactory perception, memory, expertise, and priming right the way through to receptor genetics. These contributions, from many leading experts in the field, will surely shape much of the applied work linking olfaction to disease, which is a further focus of this ebook. In respect to health and disease, the chapters on aging, pregnancy, depression, alcohol dependency and environmental odours, present overviews and rich new data on many contemporary problems, to which the study of olfaction is now contributing. A particularly notable aspect of olfactory experience is the affective impact that odours can have on people and their lives. The ebook covers some particularly intriguing aspects of work in this area, with empirical studies investigating dissociations between wanting and liking, stress reduction in the elderly, mother-infant bonding, and the emotions that different odourants can evoke. This affective line of work is nicely complemented by empirical studies on expertise, the effect of odours on visual attention, and the relationship between particular personality traits and interest in olfaction. The gradual appropriation of methods from cognitive neuroscience into olfaction is also nicely represented in this ebook, with at least three of the chapters reporting data using neuroimaging, including a particular intriguing study looking at recognition of odours in mixtures. Finally, the close links between olfactory perception and sensory evaluation are also reflected in a chapter on wine. I hope that readers of this e-book will be struck, as I have been in reading its various chapters, how much olfaction affects our lives, and how the study of this sense can enrich it.
    Keywords: BF1-990 ; Q1-390 ; Disease ; Health ; Everyday Life ; Cognition ; Applied olfaction ; Expertise ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JM Psychology
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  • 62
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-01-31
    Description: This edition is a reprint of the Special Issue published online in the open access journal Remote Sensing (ISSN 2072-4292) from 2016–2017 (available at: http://www.mdpi.com/journal/remotesensing/special issues/rsALS), complemented by selected articles published in Remote Sensing
    Keywords: G1-922 ; Q1-390 ; Airborne Lidar Systems ; Data Processing
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  • 63
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Women drinking during pregnancy can result in Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD), which may feature variable neurodevelopmental deficits, facial dysmorphology, growth retardation, and learning disabilities. Research suggests the human brain is precisely formed through an intrinsic, genetic-cellular expression that is carefully orchestrated by an epigenetic program. This program can be influenced by environmental inputs such as alcohol. Current research suggests the genetic and epigenetic elements of FASD are heavily intertwined and highly dependent on one another. As such, now is the time for investigators to combine genetic, genomic and epigenetic components of alcohol research into a centralized, accessible platform for discussion. Genetic analyses inform gene sets which may be vulnerable to alcohol exposure during early neurulation. Prenatal alcohol exposure indeed alters expression of gene subsets, including genes involved in neural specification, hematopoiesis, methylation, chromatin remodeling, histone variants, eye and heart development. Recently, quantitative genomic mapping has revealed loci (QTLs) that mediate alcohol-induced phenotypes identified between two alcohol-drinking mouse strains. One question to consider is (besides the role of dose and stage of alcohol exposure) why only 5% of drinking women deliver newborns diagnosed with FAS (Fetal Alcohol Syndrome)? Studies are ongoing to answer this question by characterizing genome-wide expression, allele-specific expression (ASE), gene polymorphisms (SNPs) and maternal genetic factors that influence alcohol vulnerability. Alcohol exposure during pregnancy, which can lead to FASD, has been used as a model to resolve the epigenetic pathway between environment and phenotype. Epigenetic mechanisms modify genetic outputs through alteration of 3D chromatin structure and accessibility of transcriptional machinery. Several laboratories have reported altered epigenetics, including DNA methylation and histone modification, in multiple models of FASD. During development DNA methylation is dynamic yet orchestrated in a precise spatiotemporal manner during neurulation and coincidental with neural differentiation. Alcohol can directly influence epigenetics through alterations of the methionine pathway and subsequent DNA or histone methylation/acetylation. Alcohol also alters noncoding RNA including miRNA and transposable elements (TEs). Evidence suggests that miRNA expression may mediate ethanol teratology, and TEs may be affected by alcohol through the alteration of DNA methylation at its regulatory region. In this manner, the epigenetic and genetic components of FASD are revealing themselves to be mechanistically intertwined. Can alcohol-induced epigenomic alterations be passed across generations? Early epidemiological studies have revealed infants with FASD-like features in the absence of maternal alcohol, where the fathers were alcoholics. Novel mechanisms for alcohol-induced phenotypes include altered sperm DNA methylation, hypomethylated paternal allele and heritable epimutations. These studies predict the heritability of alcohol-induced epigenetic abnormalities and gene functionality across generations. We opened a forum to researchers and investigators the field of FASD to discuss their insights, hypotheses, fresh data, past research, and future research themes embedded in this rising field of the genetics and epigenetics of FASD. This eBook is a product of the collective sharing and debate among researchers who have contributed or reviewed each subject.
    Keywords: QH426-470 ; QH301-705.5 ; Q1-390 ; DNA Methylation ; Fetal Alcohol Syndrome ; histone modification ; Epigenetic medicine ; Genomics ; Alcoholism ; transgenerational ; Pregnancy drinking ; FASD ; Gene environmental interaction ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAK Genetics (non-medical)
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  • 64
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The brain of each animal shows specific traits that reflect its phylogenetic history and its particular lifestyle. Therefore, comparing brains is not just a mere intellectual exercise, but it helps understanding how the brain allows adaptive behavioural strategies to face an ever-changing world and how this complex organ has evolved during phylogeny, giving rise to complex mental processes in humans and other animals. These questions attracted scientists since the times of Santiago Ramon y Cajal one of the founders of comparative neurobiology. In the last decade, this discipline has undergone a true revolution due to the analysis of expression patterns of morphogenetic genes in embryos of different animals. The papers of this e-book are good examples of modern comparative neurobiology, which mainly focuses on the following four Grand Questions: a) How are different brains built during ontogeny? b) What is the anatomical organization of mature brains and how can they be compared? c) How do brains work to accomplish their function of ensuring survival and, ultimately, reproductive success? d) How have brains evolved during phylogeny? The title of this e-book, Adaptive Function and Brain Evolution, stresses the importance of comparative studies to understand brain function and, the reverse, of considering brain function to properly understand brain evolution. These issues should be taken into account when using animals in the research of mental function and dysfunction, and are fundamental to understand the origins of the human mind.
    Keywords: RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; comparative neurobiology ; brain evolution ; phylogeny ; ontogeny ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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  • 65
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: We invite you to read the Special Issue on innovation for sustainable business. It is a collection of 7 articles published in a Special Issue of Sustainability MDPI in 2021-2022. Many of the articles in this reprint are related to leadership. In the context of sustainable development, issues such as dynamic capabilities, CSR, succession management and innovative projects were addressed. Sustainable innovation is also considered from other perspectives. One of them is the topic of introducing sustainable innovations to new ventures. In addition, drivers and impacts of eco-innovation were also examined. There was also research in the area of ​​live commerce, which includes the perspective of consumer behavior.
    Keywords: dynamic capabilities ; eco-innovation ; leadership ; corporate social responsibility ; the attitude of future managers towards CSR ; ethical aspects of companies’ operations ; sustainability ; green technologies ; environmental innovation ; industry ; Brazil ; capability ; organization ; survival ; workforce ; live commerce ; hunger marketing ; perceived trust ; perceived value ; impulse buying behavior ; Sustainable Industry 4.0 ; innovative projects ; interdisciplinarity ; project team competencies ; sustainable innovation ; knowledge search ; organizational learning ; strategic flexibility ; new ventures ; QCA ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology
    Language: English
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  • 66
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-12-20
    Description: Satellite Earth observation (EO) data have already exceeded the petabyte scale and are increasingly freely and openly available from different data providers. This poses a number of issues in terms of volume (e.g., data volumes have increased 10
    Keywords: G1-922 ; Q1-390 ; knowledge base ; metadata ; Synthetic Aperture Radar ; versioning ; web services ; web application ; sustainable development goals ; earth observations ; FAIR principles ; land cover classification ; semantic enrichment ; satellite imagery ; imagery ; analysis ; information extraction ; ARD ; analysis ready data ; swiss DC ; data cube ; Open Data Cube ; UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development ; time-series ; graph data ; Digital Earth Australia ; query store ; open data cube ; pyroSAR ; R ; earth oberservation ; image cube ; sentinel ; open science ; Sentinel ; reproducibility ; change ; big EO data ; earth observation ; big Earth data ; Earth Observations ; Australia ; geospatial standards ; big earth data ; visualization ; UN System of Environmental Economic Accounting ; interferometric coherence ; dynamic data citation ; intelligent semantic agents ; data curation ; snow cover ; big data ; Analysis Ready Data ; climate change ; topology based map algebra ; data provenance ; Sentinel-1 ; Sentinel-2 ; remote sensing ; interoperability ; image data cube ; optical remote sensing ; dual-polarimetric decomposition ; GIS ; Gran Paradiso National Park ; data sharing ; SAR ; map algebra ; Earth observation ; Armenian DC ; data cubes ; Data Cube ; data discovery ; Earth observation data ; persistent identifier ; Landsat ; GRASS GIS ; subset ; landsat ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning::RG Geography
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  • 67
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This reprint focuses on the position of sustainability in engineering and points to the multidimensionality of the issue. Architecture, civil and engineering issues are main themes of discussion, with special attention to research and design. Attention is focused on four thematic groups: energy (including energy harvesting), economy (including building circularity), pro-health activities, and design.
    Keywords: CFD ; mechanical ventilation ; industrial buildings ; thermal comfort ; air quality ; natural environment ; construction sector ; steel ; sustainable development ; cradle-to-gate with options ; Life Cycle Assessment ; life cycle costs ; maintenance costs ; warranty period ; number of use cycles ; building circularity assessment ; material flow model ; building circularity material passport ; building circularity calculation method ; adaption ; landscape pattern ; local microclimate ; comprehensive analysis ; morphological parameters ; space syntax ; façade configuration ; visual perception ; built heritage ; Kaunas ; cultural sustainability ; PV system ; social acceptability ; system dynamics ; CO2 emissions ; feed-in-tariffs ; subsidy policy ; water management ; housing environment quality ; multi-family settlements ; Bio-Morpheme ; greenery ; automated design ; plant selector ; sustainability ; algorithmic design ; landscape design ; BIM ; green BIM ; city breathability ; urban ventilation ; urban air quality management ; blue-green infrastructure ; integrated urban planning ; economic analysis ; marketplace regeneration ; optimisation ; spatial analysis ; urban design ; vibration ; energy harvesting ; green gardens ; multifunctionality ; plus-energy building ; thermal stack ; solar energy ; integrated design ; prefabricated rural housing ; PEST ; entropy weighted TOPSIS ; implementation potential ; Chongqing ; n/a ; urban planning ; building layout ; energy demand ; climate ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology
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  • 68
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The advent of next-generation sequencing technologies has resulted in a remarkable increase our understanding of human and animal neurological disorders through the identification of disease causing or protective sequence variants. However, in many cases, robust disease models are required to understand how changes at the DNA, RNA or protein level affect neuronal and synaptic function, or key signalling pathways. In turn, these models may enable understanding of key disease processes and the identification of new targets for the medicines of the future. This e-book contains original research papers and reviews that highlight either the impact of next-generation sequencing in the understanding of neurological disorders, or utilise molecular, cellular, and whole-organism models to validate disease-causing or protective sequence variants.
    Keywords: RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; Stem Cells ; glycine receptor ; Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ; Parkinson's disease ; PET imaging ; LRRK2 ; Zebrafish ; Inflammation ; GABA-A receptor ; NMDA receptors ; Intellectual Disability ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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  • 69
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Biotic and abiotic stress factors deliver a huge impact on plant life. Biotic stress factors such as damage through pathogens or herbivore attack, as well as abiotic stress factors like variation in temperature, rainfall and salinity, have placed the plant kingdom under constant challenges for survival. As a consequence, global agricultural and horticultural productivity has been disturbed to a large extent. Being sessile in nature, plants cannot escape from the stress, and instead adapt changes within their system to overcome the adverse conditions. These changes include physiological, developmental and biochemical alterations within the plant body which influences the genome, proteome and metabolome profiles of the plant. Since proteins are the ultimate players of cellular behavior, proteome level alterations during and recovery period of stress provide direct implications of plant responses towards stress factors. With current advancement of modern high-throughput technologies, much research has been carried out in this field. This e-book highlights the research and review articles that cover proteome level changes during the course or recovery period of various stress factors in plant life. Overall, the chapters in this e-book has provided a wealth of information on how plants deal with stress from a proteomics perspective.
    Keywords: QK1-989 ; Q1-390 ; Infection ; signaling events during stress ; Quantitative Proteomics ; heavy metal stress ; plant proteomics ; drought ; high temperature ; Salinity ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PST Botany and plant sciences
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  • 70
    Publication Date: 2023-12-20
    Description: Humans are not unique in using tools. But human tool use differs from that known to occur in nonhumans in being very frequent, spontaneous, and diversified. So a fundamental issue is, what are the cognitive and neural bases of human tool use? This Research Topic of Frontiers provides a venue for leading researchers in the field of tool use to present original research papers, integrative reviews or theoretical articles that further our understanding of this topic. Articles address a wide range of issues including, for instance, the nature of the underlying representations (e.g., conceptual, sensorimotor), the mechanisms supporting the incorporation of tools into body schema, the link between imitation and tool use, or the evolutionary origins of human tool use. Articles are included from experimental psychology, neuropsychology, neuroimaging, neurophysiology, developmental psychology, ethology, comparative psychology, and ergonomics. The goal of this Research Topic of Frontiers is to provide a state-of-the-art view of the field.
    Keywords: BF1-990 ; Q1-390 ; Neural Bases ; tool use ; action ; cognitive bases ; motor control ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology
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  • 71
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: This special issue reviews state-of-the-art approaches to the biophysical roots of cognition. These approaches appeal to the notion that cognitive capacities serve to optimize responses to changing external conditions. Crucially, this optimisation rests on the ability to predict changes in the environment, thus allowing organisms to respond pre-emptively to changes before their onset. The biophysical mechanisms that underwrite these cognitive capacities remain largely unknown; although a number of hypotheses has been advanced in systems neuroscience, biophysics and other disciplines. These hypotheses converge on the intersection of thermodynamic and information-theoretic formulations of self-organization in the brain. The latter perspective emerged when Shannon’s theory of message transmission in communication systems was used to characterise message passing between neurons. In its subsequent incarnations, the information theory approach has been integrated into computational neuroscience and the Bayesian brain framework. The thermodynamic formulation rests on a view of the brain as an aggregation of stochastic microprocessors (neurons), with subsequent appeal to the constructs of statistical mechanics and thermodynamics. In particular, the use of ensemble dynamics to elucidate the relationship between micro-scale parameters and those of the macro-scale aggregation (the brain). In general, the thermodynamic approach treats the brain as a dissipative system and seeks to represent the development and functioning of cognitive mechanisms as collective capacities that emerge in the course of self-organization. Its explicanda include energy efficiency; enabling progressively more complex cognitive operations such as long-term prediction and anticipatory planning. A cardinal example of the Bayesian brain approach is the free energy principle that explains self-organizing dynamics in the brain in terms of its predictive capabilities – and selective sampling of sensory inputs that optimise variational free energy as a proxy for Bayesian model evidence. An example of thermodynamically grounded proposals, in this issue, associates self-organization with phase transitions in neuronal state-spaces; resulting in the formation of bounded neuronal assemblies (neuronal packets). This special issue seeks a discourse between thermodynamic and informational formulations of the self-organising and self-evidencing brain. For example, could minimization of thermodynamic free energy during the formation of neuronal packets underlie minimization of variational free energy?
    Keywords: RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; consciousness ; understanding ; Markov blanket ; Hebbian assembly ; neuronal packet ; Bayesian brain ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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  • 72
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This Special Issue covers a wide range of areas—including building orientation, service life, use of photocatalytically active structures and PV facades, implications of transportation system, building types (i.e., high rise, multilevel, commercial, residential), life cycle assessment, and structural engineering—that need to be considered in the environmental impact assessment of buildings, and the chapters include case studies across the globe. Consideration of these strategies would help reduce energy and material consumption, environmental emissions, and waste generation associated with all phases of a building’s life cycle. Chapter 1 demonstrates that green star concrete exhibits the same structural properties as conventional concrete in Australia. Chapter 2 showed that the use of TiO2 as a photocatalyst on the surface of construction materials with a suitable stable binding agent, such as aggregates, would enable building walls to absorb NOx from air. This study found that TiO2 has the potential to reduce ambient concentrations of NOx from areas where this pollutant becomes concentrated under solar irradiation. Chapter 3 presents the life cycle assessment of architecturally integrated glass–glass photovoltaics in building facades to find the appropriate material composition for a multicolored PV façade offering improved environmental performance. Chapter 4 shows that urban office buildings lacking appropriate orientation experienced indoor overheating. Chapter 5 details four modeling approaches that were implemented to estimate buildings’ response towards load shedding. Chapter 6 covers the life cycle GHG emissions of high-rise residential housing block to discover opportunities for environmental improvement. Chapter 7 discusses an LCA framework that took into account variation in the service life of buildings associated with the use of different types of materials. Chapter 8 presents a useful data mining algorithm to conduct life cycle asset management in residential developments built on transport systems.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; wash water ; greenhouse gases ; environmental life cycle assessment ; sustainable-development ; transit-policy ; public-engagement ; Multilevel buildings ; building integrated photovoltaic ; slag ; operational energy ; life-cycle social analysis ; building ; travel-satisfaction ; TEASER ; BIPV ; photocatalytic construction materials ; functionalized aggregate ; green star concrete ; work-commute ; shallow plan forms ; life cycle assessment ; recycled aggregate ; environmental remediation ; block of buildings ; rain cladding ; LCA ; sustainability ; peak shaving ; residential building ; indoor overheating ; LCI ; air pollution ; environmental performance ; service life ; nitric oxides ; thermal model ; coloured glass ; demand response ; modal-variability ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 73
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Igneous oceanic crust is one of the largest potential habitats for life on earth, and microbial activity supported by rock-water-microbe reactions in this environment can impact global biogeochemical cycles. However, our understanding of the microbiology of this system, especially the subsurface “deep biosphere” component of it, has traditionally been limited by sample availability and quality. Over the past decade, several major international programs (such as the Center for Dark Energy Biosphere Investigations, the current International Ocean Discovery Program and its predecessor Integrated Ocean Drilling Program, and the Deep Carbon Observatory) have focused on advancing our understanding of life in this cryptic, yet globally relevant, biosphere. Additionally, many field and laboratory research programs are examining hydrothermal vent systems –a seafloor expression of seawater that has been thermally and chemically altered in subseafloor crust – and the microbial communities supported by these mineral-rich fluids. The Frontiers in Microbiology 3 September 2017 | Recent Advances in Geomicrobiology of the Ocean Crust papers in this special issue bring together recent discoveries of microbial presence, diversity and activity in these dynamic ocean environments. Cumulatively, the articles in this special issue serve as a tribute to the late Dr. Katrina J. Edwards, who was a pioneer and profound champion of studying microbes that “rust the crust”. This special issue volume serves as a foundation for the continued exploration of the subsurface ocean crust deep biosphere.
    Keywords: QR1-502 ; Q1-390 ; IODP ; deep biosphere ; hydrothermal vents ; Geomicrobiology ; ocean crust ; iron oxidation ; sulfate reduction ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSG Microbiology (non-medical)
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  • 74
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The range of human neurodegenerative diseases continues to pose significant unmet medical needs for societies around the world. The progressive and terminal nature of these conditions places a considerable personal burden on the individual affected but also on public health systems and health services. Tens of millions of people are indiscriminately affected by various dementias, which are rising at an alarming rate. There are no cures for many conditions, and it is clear that treatments applied as early as possible could greatly improve outcomes for patients. Therefore, new disease classification and diagnostic tools should be a key priority. Metabolomics represents a relatively new field of analytical science, which can be extremely useful in the early diagnosis of disease. The relatively unique feature of metabolites is that they sit at the intersection between the genetic background of an organism and its environment. Because many neurodegenerative diseases are not genetically inherited (instead having a range of known genetic risk factors and also a large number of unknown environmental triggers) the field of metabolomics offers great promise for the discovery of new, biologically, and clinically relevant biomarkers for neurodegenerative disorders. It is already bringing forward new knowledge in terms of the mechanisms of neurodegenerative disease.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; Q1-390 ; glutamic acid ; n/a ; direct mass spectrometry ; neurodegeneration ; 6-OHDA ; targeted mass spectrometry ; mitochondrial dysfunction ; myo-inositol ; metabolomics ; bile acids ; subacute mild traumatic brain injury ; age-related macular degeneration ; metabolic pathways ; energy metabolism ; midbrain ; Alzheimer’s disease ; biomarkers ; 1H NMR ; Parkinson’s disease dementia ; GC-MS ; pathogenesis ; tricarboxylic acid cycle ; micro-dialysis ; 13C-labeled succinate ; metabolism ; lipidomics ; dementia with Lewy bodies ; fatty acid ; prodromal Parkinson’s disease ; malonate ; cerebral ischemia ; mass spectrometry ; retinal pigment epithelium ; excitotoxicity ; endothelin-1 ; reperfusion ; C. elegans ; Streptomyces venezuelae ; ?-synuclein aggregates ; natural product ; fatty acid metabolism ; imaging mass spectrometry ; LC-MS ; drusen ; cerebral palsy ; plasma ; Parkinson’s disease ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 75
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Welfare is a multidimensional concept that can be described as the state of an animal as it copes with the environment. Captive environments can impact farmed animals at different levels, especially fishes, considering their highly complex sensory world. Understanding the ethology of a species is therefore essential to address fish welfare, and the interpretation of behavioral responses in specific rearing contexts (aquaculture or experimental contexts) demands knowledge of their underlying physiological, developmental, functional, and evolutionary mechanisms. In natural environments, the stress response has evolved to help animals survive challenging conditions. However, animals are adapted to deal with natural stressors, while anthropogenic stimuli may represent stressors that fishes are unable to cope with. Under such circumstances, stress responses may be maladaptive and cause severe damage to the animal. As welfare in captivity is affected in multiple dimensions, multiple possible indicators can be used to assess the welfare state of individuals. In the past, research on welfare has been largely focusing on health indicators and predominantly based on physiological stress. Ethological indicators, however, also integrate the mental perspective of the individual and have been gradually assuming an important role in welfare research: behavioral responses to stressors are an early response to adverse conditions, easily observable, and demonstrative of emotional states. Many behavioral indicators can be used as non-invasive measurements of welfare in practical contexts such as aquaculture and experimentation. Presently, research in fish welfare is growing in importance and interest because of the growing economic importance of fish farming, the comparative biology opportunities that experimental fishes provide, and the increasing public sensitivity to welfare issues.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; SF1-1100 ; Q1-390 ; n/a ; muscle texture ; fractal analysis ; fish welfare ; Danio rerio ; motivation ; histopathology ; elevated phosphate concentrations ; sharks ; welfare ; African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) ; feed efficiency ; fighting ability ; aggressive interaction ; social rank ; boldness ; ethology ; fisheries management ; physiological response ; FishEthoBase ; welfare scores ; welfare criteria ; stress ; pain ; stereotypical behaviour ; Scyliorhinus canicula ; animal behavior ; welfare enhancement ; social communication ; nociception ; negative and positive affect ; aggression ; fertilisation success ; risk analysis ; aquaculture ; hematology ; Amyloodinium ocellatum ; framework ; structural complexity ; territorial ; growth ; positive welfare ; social stress ; age ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 76
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The re-use of industrial food residues is essential in the general framework of rational waste handling and recycling, which aims at the minimizing environmental impact of food production and producing functional food ingredients. Agri-food processing waste has long been considered a valuable biomass with a significant polyphenol load and profile. Polyphenols, aside from being powerful antioxidants that confer inherent stability to a variety of foods, may possess versatile bioactivities including anti-inflammatory and chemopreventive properties. The valorization of agri-food waste as a prominent source of polyphenols stems from the enormous amount of food-related material discharged worldwide and the emerging eco-friendly technologies that allow high recovery, recycling, and sustainable use of these materials. This book addresses the concept of recovering natural polyphenolic antioxidants from waste biomass generated by agri-food and related industrial processes and presents state-of-the-art applications with prospect in the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; Q1-390 ; TX341-641 ; polyphenols ; n/a ; valorization ; ultrasound assisted extraction ; microwave assisted extraction ; Box–Behnken design ; HPLC-DAD-q-TOF-MS ; Dioscorea batatas ; green oleo-extraction ; grape marc ; quantitative analysis ; natural antioxidants and flavors ; antioxidant ; infrared-assisted extraction ; anti-ageing ; anthocyanins ; liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry ; Chinese yam ; functional food ; extraction ; olive mill wastewater ; adsorbents ; relative solubility simulation ; HPLC-fluorometric detector (FLD)–MS ; saffron ; antioxidants ; food-grade solvents ; Mango ; zero-waste biorefinery ; response surface methodology ; ophthalmic hydrogel ; olive leaves ; sonotrode ultrasonic-assisted extraction ; vegetable oils and derivatives ; anti-inflammatory ; skin whitening ; phenolics ; Brewers’ spent grains ; proanthocyanidins ; brewer’s spent grain ; anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity ; antimicrobial activity ; by-products ; antiplatelet activity ; phenanthrenes ; wine lees ; bioactive compounds ; deep eutectic solvents ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 77
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-12-20
    Description: Ice crystals are the most ubiquitous material found in the cryosphere environment of the Earth, in the planetary system, and also in our daily lives. In recent years, ice crystals have increased in importance as one of the key materials for finding solutions to settle various environmental concerns at a global scale. Furthermore, ice crystals are unique materials which are potentially extremely useful in various applications, for example, within the food sciences, medical sciences, and other fields. In dealing with these interesting subjects, research on ice crystals has been more actively pursued in recent years. The Special Issue “Ice Crystals” presents a wide varieties of topics related to ice crystals. It can be considered as a status report reviewing the recent research on ice crystals and serves to provide readers with information on the latest developments concerning ice crystals.
    Keywords: Q1-390 ; QC1-999 ; coarsening kinetics ; antifreeze protein ; microstructure ; ice crystals ; decomposition ; formation ; cryo-photo microscopy ; cryoprotective agent ; ice cream ; reformation ; tomography ; deformation ; clathrate hydrate ; Negative thermal expansivity ; tetrahydrofuran ; ice crystal ; pressure ; molecular dynamics ; Grüneisen parameter ; modelling ; ab initio calculation ; freezing ; nanoscale pores ; quasi-liquid layer ; electron paramagnetic resonance ; potential of mean force ; gas hydrate ; spin labeling ; pre-decomposition pressure ; mW model ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general
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  • 78
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Electrocochleography (ECochG) is an approach for objective measurements of physiologic responses from the inner ear. Measurements have classically been made from electrodes placed in the outer ear canal, on the tympanic membrane, the round window niche, or inside the cochlea. Recent innovations have led to ECochG being used for exciting new purposes that drive clinical practice and contribute to the basic understanding of inner ear physiology. Cochlear implant recording electrodes can monitor the preservation of residual, low-frequency acoustic hearing, both in the operating room and post-operatively. ECochG measurements can quantify differential effects of inner ear surgery or other manipulations on vestibular and auditory physiology simultaneously. Various attributes of cognitive neuroscience can be addressed with ECochG measurements from the auditory periphery. These advances in ECochG provide a way to understand a variety of inner ear diseases and are likely to be of value to many groups in their own clinical and basic research.
    Keywords: RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; cochlear microphonic ; cochlear action potential ; sensorineural hearing loss ; compound action potential ; auditory nerve ; medial olivocochlear efferent reflex ; electrocochleography ; summating potential ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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  • 79
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: Over the last two decades, the literature on political participation has flourished, reflecting the increasing use of diverse modes of citizen involvement. These include established modes of participation, such as voting, protests, mass demonstrations, and petition signing, but also newer modes specific to the online environment (ICT-related), participation in referendums, public consultations, or engagement in political deliberation. The importance and intensity of these modes is reflected both in the number of people getting involved and in the increasing number of policies that are subject to various modes of participation on a regular basis. There is extensive literature about how these modes of participation function, why people get involved, and the consequences of their participation. However, limited attention is paid to the relationship between political participation and the pursuit of sustainability at a local, regional, or central level. Existing studies indicate that citizen engagement can be a cost-effective method to characterize changes of local environments; however, not much is known beyond this process. This Special Issue aims to address this void in the literature and brings together contributions that analyze how participation can be associated with sustainability and local development in various settings. It explores the relationship between political participation and the management of their local environment. This Special Issue enhances the existing knowledge and understanding about how modes of participation can be reflected in stronger sustainability. The Special Issue provides the space for an academic debate that addresses issues such as climate change, resource allocation, or the pursuit of sustainability programs and policies. The contributions include a mix of single-case studies and comparative analyses across European countries.
    Keywords: deliberation ; future generations ; future design ; political participation ; citizen engagement ; political institutions ; sustainability ; participation ; digitalization ; local government ; innovation ; mixed deliberation ; referendums ; municipal mergers ; democratic sustainability ; social trust ; political trust ; political efficacy ; citizens’ juries ; natural experiment ; opinion change ; windfarms ; Scotland ; deliberative mini-publics ; democratic innovations ; public opinion ; participatory budgeting ; ecology ; local level ; citizens ; support ; Romania ; citizens’ assemblies ; climate change ; decarbonization ; agenda setting ; deliberative democracy ; mini-publics ; environmental politics ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
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  • 80
    Publication Date: 2023-12-21
    Description: Experiences during early life program the central nervous- and endocrine-systems with consequences for susceptibility to physical and mental disorders. These programming effects depend on genetic and epigenetic factors, and their outcome leads to an adaptive or maladaptive phenotype to a given later environmental context. This Research Topic focused on the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA)-axis and stress-related phenotypes, and on how HPA-axis programming by the environment precisely occurs. We included original research, mini-review and review papers on a broad range of topics related to HPA-axis programming.
    Keywords: R5-920 ; RC648-665 ; RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; HPA axis ; Vulnerability ; resilience ; early life stress ; materna ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
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  • 81
    Publication Date: 2023-04-05
    Description: This reprint includes papers from different research fields, reflecting the sectional talks presented at the 9th edition of the Scientific Conference of the Doctoral Schools from the “Dunărea de Jos” University of Galaţi, which took place in June 2021. The objective of the 2021 Conference was to bring together perspectives and challenges in doctoral research in a common forum and to provide a platform enabling doctoral researchers to meet and share state-of-the-art developments in their fields. It consists of 16 papers presented at the 9th edition of the Scientific Conference of the Doctoral Schools from the “Dunărea de Jos” University of Galaţi, in several fields such as: mechanical and industrial engineering, food science and biotechnology, electrical/electronic engineering, systems engineering and information technologies, chemistry, electrochemistry, and economic models and strategies.
    Keywords: incremental pumps ; profiling of generating tools ; helical surfaces ; Romania ; coastal area ; wind energy ; measurements ; IEC classes ; wind turbines ; mass tourism ; management model ; Constanta ; PESTEL ; Black Sea ; sustainability ; eggplant peels ; bioactive compounds ; hydrogels ; anthocyanins ; beetroot peel ; betalains ; polyphenols ; CCD-RSM ; optimal control ; metaheuristic algorithms ; evolutionary algorithms ; simulation ; ventilation on ships ; HVAC requirements ; COVID-19 ; spread the disease ; airborne transmission ; HEPA filtration ; UV disinfection ; heat recovery ; L-tryptophan ; polypyrrole ; sensor ; amino acid ; cyclic voltammetry ; chronoamperometry ; atorvastatin ; carbon nanotubes ; gold nanoparticles ; Hippophae rhamnoides L. ; carotenoids ; flavonoids ; antioxidant activity ; microencapsulation ; modulation ; electromagnetic disturbances ; electromagnetic compatibility ; military ship ; communication systems ; navigation conditions ; Danube River ; management tool ; quality function deployment ; house of quality ; enwrapping surfaces ; profiling ; geometrical methods ; tower ; wind turbine ; load ; offshore wind ; marine renewable energy ; living labs ; design thinking ; coastal zone ; integrated coastal zone management (ICZM) ; Romanian coastal zone ; Black Sea basin ; wind parameters ; historical data ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PN Chemistry ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KC Economics::KCM Development economics & emerging economies
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  • 82
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This book presents an interesting sample of the latest advances in optimization techniques applied to electrical power engineering. It covers a variety of topics from various fields, ranging from classical optimization such as Linear and Nonlinear Programming and Integer and Mixed-Integer Programming to the most modern methods based on bio-inspired metaheuristics. The featured papers invite readers to delve further into emerging optimization techniques and their real application to case studies such as conventional and renewable energy generation, distributed generation, transport and distribution of electrical energy, electrical machines and power electronics, network optimization, intelligent systems, advances in electric mobility, etc.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; n/a ; Stackelberg game ; MILP ; optimal congestion threshold ; magnetic field mitigation ; simulation ; multi-objective particle swarm optimization ; virtual power plant ; internal defect ; day-ahead load forecasting ; neural network ; modular predictor ; multi-objective particle swarm optimization algorithm ; stochastic optimization ; dragonfly algorithm ; unit commitment ; metaheuristic ; multi-population method (MP) ; optimization ; tabu search ; considerable decomposition ; loss minimization ; active distribution system ; islanded microgrid ; dynamic solving framework ; feature selection ; electric energy costs ; power factor compensation ; dependability ; interactive load ; overhead ; energy internet ; evolutionary computation ; wind power ; developed grew wolf optimizer ; underground ; ETAP ; fuzzy algorithm ; electric vehicles ; Schwarz’s equation ; evolutionary algorithms ; electric power contracts ; congestion management ; optimizing-scenarios method ; building energy management system ; particle encoding method ; ringdown detection ; HOMER software ; DC optimal power flow ; prosumer ; constrained parameter estimation ; distributed generations (DGs) ; strong track filter (STF) ; transient stability ; calibration ; cost minimization ; radiance ; decentralized and collaborative optimization ; hybrid renewable energy system ; renewable energy sources ; rural electrification ; distribution network reconfiguration ; interval variables ; optimization methods ; particle swarm optimization ; hierarchical scheduling ; micro grid ; AC/DC hybrid active distribution ; consensus ; artificial bee colony ; CCHP system ; data center ; support vector machine ; affinity propagation clustering ; extended Kalman filter ; affine arithmetic ; linear discriminant analysis (LDA) ; current margins ; heterogeneous networks ; Cameroon ; hybrid method ; distributed heat-electricity energy management ; discrete wind driven optimization ; fitness function ; cross-entropy ; GenOpt ; wind energy ; demand uncertainty ; UC ; off-design performance ; genetic algorithm ; energy storage ; the biomimetic membrane computing ; power system optimization ; electric vehicle ; power architectures ; economic load dispatch problem (ELD) ; runner-root algorithm (RRA) ; Cable joint ; battery energy storage system ; load curtailment ; integration assessment ; power system unit commitment ; artificial lighting ; power flow ; hybrid membrane computing ; two-point estimation method ; low-voltage networks ; demand bidding ; non-sinusoidal circuits ; energy flow model ; power transfer distribution factors ; sustainability ; HVAC system ; voltage deviation ; street light points ; radial basis function ; energy storage system ; charging/discharging ; power systems ; intelligent scatter search ; MV/LV substation ; optimal power flow ; stochastic state estimation ; eight searching sub-regions ; chaos optimization algorithm (COA) ; mutual information theory ; inter-turn shorted-circuit fault (ISCF) ; C&I particle swarm optimization ; multiobjective optimization ; passive shielding ; sub-Saharan Africa ; micro-phasor measurement unit ; geometric algebra ; bio-inspired algorithms ; adaptive consensus algorithm ; energy management ; PCS efficiency ; multi-stakeholders ; generalized generation distribution factors ; the genetic algorithm based P system ; JAYA algorithm ; thermal probability density ; power optimization ; pumped-hydro energy storage ; smart grid ; two-stage feature selection ; piecewise linear techniques ; photovoltaic ; SOCP relaxations ; switched reluctance machine (SRM) ; optimal reactive power dispatch ; optimal operation ; controllable response ; off-grid ; active shielding ; transformer-fault diagnosis ; IEEE Std. 80-2000 ; principal component analysis ; demand response ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
    Language: English
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  • 83
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-06-21
    Description: In a VUCA world (volatile, uncertain, complex, and ambiguous), organizations, in order to achieve a sustainable competitive advantage, must learn to mitigate risk and prioritize performance and innovation. In the last decade, as a way to respond to market demands, projects emerge as a way for organizations to implement their strategic objectives in order to respond to a need, opportunity, or threat in an efficient way. This e-book includes a collection of 11 papers that discuss theoretical approaches and case studies, focused on a combined effect between Project Risk Assessment and corporate behaviour in order to support the sustainability and business resilience in a competitive environment. The e-book will be of particular interest to entrepreneurs, researchers, and policymakers.
    Keywords: the ECA method ; UN SDGs ; COVID-19 coronavirus ; Islamic banking ; Maqasid al-Shariah ; sustainability practices ; sustainability indicators ; SDG governance ; green human resource management practices ; corporate sustainability ; developing country ; industry perspective ; renewable energy ; emerging management practices ; knowledge management ; decentralization ; sustainable organizational performance ; entrepreneurial orientation ; innovation performance ; organizational commitment ; transformational leadership ; small and medium-sized enterprises ; communication ; formal communication ; informal communication ; communication willingness ; conflict ; project manager ; project management ; risk management ; social network analysis ; cooperative networks ; business intelligence ; project cooperative risks ; knowledge creation ; sustainable business ; project risks ; corporate behavior ; project critical success factors ; sustainable cooperative partnerships ; entrepreneurial leadership ; product innovation performance ; risk ; design thinking ; intra-firm networks ; absorptive capacity ; collaborative innovation project ; sustainable development ; project performance ; influencing factors ; SEM ; sustainability ; collaborative networks ; logistics ; transportation sector ; risk assessment and management ; Monte Carlo method ; graph-centrality metrics ; project outcome ; project lifecycle ; individual performance ; collective performance ; correlation ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KJ Business & management::KJC Business strategy ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KJ Business & management::KJM Management & management techniques::KJMV Management of specific areas
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  • 84
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: As a consequence of the global climate change, both the reduction on yield potential and the available surface area of cultivated species will compromise the production of food needed for a constant growing population. There is consensus about the significant gap between world food consumption projected for the coming decades and the expected crop yield-improvements, which are estimated to be insufficient to meet the demand. The complexity of this scenario will challenge breeders to develop cultivars that are better adapted to adverse environmental conditions, therefore incorporating a new set of morpho-physiological and physico-chemical traits; a large number of these traits have been found to be linked to heat and drought tolerance. Currently, the only reasonable way to satisfy all these demands is through acquisition of high-dimensional phenotypic data (high-throughput phenotyping), allowing researchers with a holistic comprehension of plant responses, or ‘Phenomics’. Phenomics is still under development. This Research Topic aims to be a contribution to the progress of methodologies and analysis to help understand the performance of a genotype in a given environment.
    Keywords: QK1-989 ; Q1-390 ; software development ; reverse phenomics ; forward phenomics ; phenotyping ; high-throughput phenotyping ; phenomics ; breeding ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PST Botany and plant sciences
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  • 85
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-12-20
    Description: The present book contains 14 papers published in the Special Issue “Differential Geometry” of the journal Mathematics. They represent a selection of the 30 submissions. This book covers a variety of both classical and modern topics in differential geometry. We mention properties of both rectifying and affine curves, the geometry of hypersurfaces, angles in Minkowski planes, Euclidean submanifolds, differential operators and harmonic forms on Riemannian manifolds, complex manifolds, contact manifolds (in particular, Sasakian and trans-Sasakian manifolds), curvature invariants, and statistical manifolds and their submanifolds (in particular, Hessian manifolds). We wish to mention that among the authors, there are both well-known geometers and young researchers. The authors are from countries with a tradition in differential geometry: Belgium, China, Greece, Japan, Korea, Poland, Romania, Spain, Turkey, and United States of America. Many of these papers were already cited by other researchers in their articles. This book is useful for specialists in differential geometry, operator theory, physics, and information geometry as well as graduate students in mathematics.
    Keywords: QA1-939 ; Q1-390 ; statistical structure ; constant ratio submanifolds ; Euclidean submanifold ; framed helices ; Sasakian statistical manifold ; L2-harmonic forms ; Hodge–Laplacian ; complete connection ; concircular vector field ; cylindrical hypersurface ; k-th generalized Tanaka–Webster connection ; Casorati curvature ; symplectic curves ; generalized 1-type Gauss map ; rectifying submanifold ; manifold with singularity ; ruled surface ; Minkowski plane ; compact complex surfaces ; conjugate connection ; T-submanifolds ; L2-Stokes theorem ; inextensible flow ; shape operator ; generalized normalized ?-Casorati curvature ; Sasakian manifold ; centrodes ; circular helices ; non-flat complex space form ; invariant ; Frenet frame ; Darboux frame ; trans-Sasakian 3-manifold ; singular points ; symplectic curvatures ; Kähler–Einstein metrics ; conjugate symmetric statistical structure ; sectional ?-curvature ; circular rectifying curves ; developable surface ; capacity ; Ricci soliton ; Reeb flow symmetry ; Minkowskian pseudo-angle ; conical surface ; lie derivative ; position vector field ; pinching of the curvatures ; Hessian manifolds ; Minkowskian angle ; Hessian sectional curvature ; Minkowskian length ; lightlike surface ; affine sphere ; concurrent vector field ; slant ; affine hypersurface ; anti-invariant ; statistical manifolds ; Ricci operator ; C-Bochner tensor ; Ricci curvature ; real hypersurface ; scalar curvature ; framed rectifying curves ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science
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  • 86
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: In the last twenty years, many attempts have been made to provide neurobiological models of autism. Functional, structural and connectivity analyses have highlighted reduced responses in key social areas, such as amygdala, medial prefrontal cortex, cingulate cortex, and superior temporal sulcus. However, these studies present discrepant results and some of them have been questioned for methodological limitations. The aim of this research topic is to present advanced neuroimaging methods able to capture the complexity of the neural deficits displayed in autism. This special issue presents new studies using structural and functional MRI, as well as magnetoencephalography, and novel protocols to analyze data (Analysis of Cluster Variability, Noise Reduction Strategies, Source-based Morphometry, Functional Connectivity Density, Restriction Spectrum Imaging and the others). We believe it is time to integrate data provided by different techniques and methodologies in order to have a better understanding of autism.
    Keywords: RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; magnetic resonance imaging ; biomarkers ; social deficits ; autism spectrum disorder ; magnetoencephalography ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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  • 87
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Concerns have been raised with respect to the state of high-altitude and high-latitude treelines, as they are anticipated to undergo considerable modifications due to global changes, and especially due to climate warming. As high-elevation treelines are temperature-limited vegetation boundaries, they are considered to be sensitive to climate warming. As a consequence, in this future, warmer environment, an upward migration of treelines is expected because low air and root-zone temperatures constrain their regeneration and growth. Despite the ubiquity of climate warming, treeline advancement is not a worldwide phenomenon: some treelines have been advancing rapidly, others have responded sluggishly or have remained stable. This variation in responses is attributed to the potential interaction of a continuum of site-related factors that may lead to the occurrence of locally conditioned temperature patterns. Competition amongst species and below-ground resources have been suggested as additional factors explaining the variability in the movement of treelines. This Special Issue (book) is dedicated to the discussion of treeline responses to changing environmental conditions in different areas around the globe.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; QK1-989 ; Q1-390 ; n/a ; tree seedling recruitment ; shrubline ; light quality ; higher altitude ; precipitation ; experimental rain exclusion ; Pinus cembra ; Changbai Mountain ; treeline dynamics ; fungal ecology ; thermal continentality ; tree regeneration ; elevational transect ; monitoring ; conifer shrub ; plant water availability ; permafrost ; foehn winds ; treeline ; Holocene ; nitrogen cycling ; carotenoids ; timberline ; 15N natural abundance ; spectrometer ; basal area increment ; palynology ; xylem embolism ; diversity ; elevational treeline ; European Alps ; temperature ; tree line ; winter stress ; photosynthetic pigments ; Pinus sibirica ; westerly winds ; relative air humidity ; ecosystem manipulation ; Larix decidua ; microsite ; polar treeline ; Central Austrian Alps ; Switzerland ; multi-stemmed growth form ; conifers ; forest edge ; history of treeline research ; soil drought ; dendroclimatology ; knowledge engineering ; Rocky Mountains ; apical control ; cloud ; postglacial ; alpine timberline ; space-for-time substitution ; climate change ; expert elicitation ; shoot elongation ; pit aspiration ; climate warming ; climate zone ; alpine treeline ; refilling ; Abies sibirica ; growth trend ; western Montana ; light quantity ; Picea abies ; Mediterranean climate ; forest climatology ; altitude ; environmental stress ; sub-Antarctic ; Erman’s birch ; photoinhibition ; tocopherol ; elevational gradients ; NDVI ; long-term trends ; sap flow ; peat ; tree seedlings ; Southern Ocean ; chlorophyll ; non-structural carbohydrates (NSCs) ; drought ; upward advance ; remote sensing data ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
    Language: English
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  • 88
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    Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Cognitive processing is commonly conceptualized as being restricted to the cerebral cortex. Accordingly, electrophysiology, neuroimaging and lesion studies involving human and animal subjects have almost exclusively focused on defining roles for cerebral cortical areas in cognition. Roles for the thalamus in cognition have been largely ignored despite the fact that the extensive connectivity between the thalamus and cerebral cortex gives rise to a closely coupled thalamo-cortical system. However, in recent years, growing interest in the thalamus as much more than a passive sensory structure, as well as methodological advances such as high-resolution functional magnetic resonance imaging of the thalamus and improved electrode targeting to subregions of thalamic nuclei using electrical stimulation and diffusion tensor imaging, have fostered research into thalamic contributions to cognition. Evidence suggests that behavioral context modulates processing in primary sensory, or first-order, thalamic nuclei (for example, the lateral geniculate and ventral posterior nuclei), allowing attentional filtering of incoming sensory information at an early stage of brain processing. Behavioral context appears to more strongly influence higher-order thalamic nuclei (for example, the pulvinar and mediodorsal nucleus), which receive major input from the cortex rather than the sensory periphery. Such higher-order thalamic nuclei have been shown to regulate information transmission in frontal and higher-order sensory cortex according to cognitive demands. This Research Topic aims to bring together neuroscientists who study different parts of the thalamus, particularly thalamic nuclei other than the primary sensory relays, and highlight the thalamic contributions to attention, memory, reward processing, decision-making, and language. By doing so, an emphasis is also placed on neural mechanisms common to many, if not all, of these cognitive operations, such as thalamo-cortical interactions and modulatory influences from sources in the brainstem and basal ganglia. The overall view that emerges is that the thalamus is a vital node in brain networks supporting cognition.
    Keywords: RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; neural synchrony ; cognitive control ; intralaminar thalamus ; mediodorsal thalamus ; Memory ; Pulvinar ; thalamocortical interactions ; oscillations ; anterior thalamus ; Prefrontal Cortex ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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  • 89
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Forests cover 30% of the Earth’s land area, or nearly four billion hectares. Enhancing the benefits and ecosystem services of forests has been increasingly recognized as an essential part of nature-based solutions for solving many emerging global environmental problems today. A core science supporting forest management is understanding the interactions of forests, water, and people. These interactions have become increasingly complex under climate change and its associated impacts, such as the increases in the intensity and frequency of drought and floods, increasing population and deforestation, and a rise in global demands for multiple ecosystem services including clean water supply and carbon sequestration. Forest watershed managers have recognized that water management is an essential component of forest management. Global environmental change is posing more challenges for managing forests and water toward sustainable development. New science on forest and water is critically needed across the globe. The International Forests and Water Conference 2018, Valdivia, Chile (http://forestsandwater2018.cl/), a joint effort of the 5th IUFRO International Conference on Forests and Water in a Changing Environment and the Second Latin American Conference on Forests and Water provided a unique forum to examine forest and water issues in Latin America under a global context. This book represents a collection of some of the peer-reviewed papers presented at the conference that were published in a Special Issue of Forests.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; Q1-390 ; SD1-669.5 ; social capital ; Cambodia ; forest and water policy ; land use and land cover change ; shrubland ; “Forests to Faucets” ; precipitation gradient ; forest ecosystem management ; afforestation ; connectivity ; land use change ; forest operations ; Chile ; catchment management ; forest plantation ; climate change ; compound wildfire-water risk ; native forest ; hydrology ; wetland ; streamside native buffer ; sustainability ; participatory monitoring ; hydrological modeling ; timber harvesting ; water quality ; native forests ; source water protection ; global change ; forest hydrology ; community drinking-water ; SDGs ; drinking-water security ; Oregon ; forest ; aquatic-riparian ecosystems ; NDC ; heat: moisture index ; watershed management ; load ; Rhyacotriton ; ecohydrology ; nutrient concentrations ; multi-criteria analysis ; Loess Plateau ; dissolved organic matter ; US Pacific Northwest ; soil moisture ; agricultural lands ; water management ; water provision ; water supply ; forests ; post-fire hydrology ; grassland ; forest plantations ; restoration strategy ; riparian buffer zones ; Mekong ; riparian vegetation ; density management harvest ; SWAT model ; forest watersheds ; water governance ; Nenjiang River ; forestry ; ecosystem services ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 90
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    Unknown
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: An important, open research topic today is to understand the relevance that dark matter halo substructure may have for dark matter searches. In the standard cosmological model, halo substructure or subhalos are predicted to be largely abundant inside larger halos, for example, galaxies such as ours, and are thought to form first and later merge to form larger structures. Dwarf satellite galaxies—the most massive exponents of halo substructure in our own galaxy—are already known to be excellent targets for dark matter searches, and indeed, they are constantly scrutinized by current gamma-ray experiments in the search for dark matter signals. Lighter subhalos not massive enough to have a visible counterpart of stars and gas may be good targets as well, given their typical abundances and distances. In addition, the clumpy distribution of subhalos residing in larger halos may boost the dark matter signals considerably. In an era in which gamma-ray experiments possess, for the first time, the exciting potential to put to test the preferred dark matter particle theories, a profound knowledge of dark matter astrophysical targets and scenarios is mandatory should we aim for accurate predictions of dark matter-induced fluxes for investing significant telescope observing time on selected targets and for deriving robust conclusions from our dark matter search efforts. In this regard, a precise characterization of the statistical and structural properties of subhalos becomes critical. In this Special Issue, we aim to summarize where we stand today on our knowledge of the different aspects of the dark matter halo substructure; to identify what are the remaining big questions, and how we could address these; and, by doing so, to find new avenues for research.
    Keywords: QB1-991 ; Q1-390 ; QC1-999 ; gamma rays ; indirect searches. ; semi-analytic modeling ; cosmological model ; indirect dark matter searches ; particle dark matter ; indirect detection ; gamma-rays and neutrinos ; galactic subhalos ; indirect searches ; statistical data analysis ; subhalo boost ; dark matter halos ; halo substructure ; structure formation ; dark matter annihilation ; dark matter searches ; dwarf spheroidal satellite galaxies ; galactic sub-halos ; subhalos ; dwarf spheroidal galaxies ; gamma-rays ; cosmological N-body simulations ; dark matter ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PG Astronomy, space and time
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  • 91
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Music is an important source of enjoyment, learning, and well-being in life as well as a rich, powerful, and versatile stimulus for the brain. With the advance of modern neuroimaging techniques during the past decades, we are now beginning to understand better what goes on in the healthy brain when we hear, play, think, and feel music and how the structure and function of the brain can change as a result of musical training and expertise. For more than a century, music has also been studied in the field of neurology where the focus has mostly been on musical deficits and symptoms caused by neurological illness (e.g., amusia, musicogenic epilepsy) or on occupational diseases of professional musicians (e.g., focal dystonia, hearing loss). Recently, however, there has been increasing interest and progress also in adopting music as a therapeutic tool in neurological rehabilitation, and many novel music-based rehabilitation methods have been developed to facilitate motor, cognitive, emotional, and social functioning of infants, children and adults suffering from a debilitating neurological illness or disorder. Traditionally, the fields of music neuroscience and music therapy have progressed rather independently, but they are now beginning to integrate and merge in clinical neurology, providing novel and important information about how music is processed in the damaged or abnormal brain, how structural and functional recovery of the brain can be enhanced by music-based rehabilitation methods, and what neural mechanisms underlie the therapeutic effects of music. Ideally, this information can be used to better understand how and why music works in rehabilitation and to develop more effective music-based applications that can be targeted and tailored towards individual rehabilitation needs. The aim of this Research Topic is to bring together research across multiple disciplines with a special focus on music, brain, and neurological rehabilitation. We encourage researchers working in the field to submit a paper presenting either original empirical research, novel theoretical or conceptual perspectives, a review, or methodological advances related to following two core topics: 1) how are musical skills and attributes (e.g., perceiving music, experiencing music emotionally, playing or singing) affected by a developmental or acquired neurological illness or disorder (for example, stroke, aphasia, brain injury, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, autism, ADHD, dyslexia, focal dystonia, or tinnitus) and 2) what is the applicability, effectiveness, and mechanisms of music-based rehabilitation methods for persons with a neurological illness or disorder? Research methodology can include behavioural, physiological and/or neuroimaging techniques, and studies can be either clinical group studies or case studies (studies of healthy subjects are applicable only if their findings have clear clinical implications).
    Keywords: RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; Neuroimaging ; Brain ; Movement ; Music ; neurological disorders ; Cognition ; Rehabilitation ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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  • 92
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-23
    Description: This Special Issue is designed to discuss and examine relevant legal issues concerning ocean governance in the context of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) for the long-lasting benefits of the international community. It will cover, inter alia, the safety of navigation and maritime security, the sustainable use of marine resources (living and non-living), marine environmental protection, climate change, and marine scientific research.
    Keywords: transfer of mining technology ; commercial condition ; protection of intellectual property ; direct technology purchasing ; investment cooperation ; universal jurisdiction ; maritime piracy ; piracy trials ; Somali piracy ; maritime crime ; sustainability ; community interests ; marine genetic resources ; common heritage of mankind ; BBNJ ; integrated coastal management ; land and sea coordination ; ecological environment ; ocean law ; sustainable development ; fishery resources ; community interest ; international cooperation ; climate change ; fishery management ; legal principles ; LOSC ; precautionary approach ; ecosystem ; seasonal closure ; CCAMLR ; MPAs ; RFMOs ; conservation measures ; China ; ocean governance ; sustainable development goals (SDGs) ; SDG 14 ; marine environment ; international environmental law ; Law of the Sea ; ocean acidification ; rising-sea-levels ; meta-governance ; ocean action ; global environment ; regulatory governance ; IMO ; China’s role ; submissions’ adoption ; law of the sea ; deep seabed mining ; national legislation ; sponsoring state ; marine ecological environment ; multiple subjects ; co-management ; ocean community with a shared future ; cruise ships ; public health emergency of international concern (PHEIC) ; international obligations ; rule of law ; COVID-19 ; China’s white paper for Arctic policy ; fisheries resources ; Arctic Ocean ; Chinese legal rights ; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA) ; regional integration and cooperation ; SDGs ; Sanchi ship ; oil spill accident ; marine ecology ; ecological damage compensation ; the precautionary principle ; nuclear safety regulation ; UNCLOS ; international law ; thema EDItEUR::A The Arts
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  • 93
    Publication Date: 2023-12-20
    Description: Emergent quantum mechanics explores the possibility of an ontology for quantum mechanics. The resurgence of interest in ""deeper-level"" theories for quantum phenomena challenges the standard, textbook interpretation. The book presents expert views that critically evaluate the significance—for 21st century physics—of ontological quantum mechanics, an approach that David Bohm helped pioneer. The possibility of a deterministic quantum theory was first introduced with the original de Broglie-Bohm theory, which has also been developed as Bohmian mechanics. The wide range of perspectives that were contributed to this book on the occasion of David Bohm’s centennial celebration provide ample evidence for the physical consistency of ontological quantum mechanics. The book addresses deeper-level questions such as the following: Is reality intrinsically random or fundamentally interconnected? Is the universe local or nonlocal? Might a radically new conception of reality include a form of quantum causality or quantum ontology? What is the role of the experimenter agent? As the book demonstrates, the advancement of ‘quantum ontology’—as a scientific concept—marks a clear break with classical reality. The search for quantum reality entails unconventional causal structures and non-classical ontology, which can be fully consistent with the known record of quantum observations in the laboratory.
    Keywords: Q1-390 ; QC1-999 ; non-locality ; ultraviolet divergence ; constraints ; Kilmister equation ; bohmian mechanics ; epistemic agent ; Bohmian mechanics ; relational space ; Feynman paths ; Langevin equation ; quantum causality ; emergent quantum gravity ; quantum ontology ; interpretations ; emergent quantum state ; undecidable dynamics ; molecule interference ; emergent quantum mechanics ; no-hidden-variables theorems ; mind–body problem ; physical ontology ; quantum foundations ; matter-wave optics ; conscious agent ; diffusion constant ; Bell theorem ; Burgers equation ; objective non-signaling constraint ; self-referential dynamics ; Bell inequality ; interpretation ; photochemistry ; Born rule statistics ; sub-quantum dynamics ; dynamical chaos ; weak measurement ; p-adic metric ; Levi-Civita connection ; David Bohm ; H-theorem ; the causal arrow of time ; strong coupling ; vortical dynamics ; fundamental irreversibility ; magnetic deflectometry ; quantum thermodynamics ; de Broglie–Bohm interpretation of quantum mechanics ; wavefunction nodes ; stochastic quantum dynamics ; entropic gravity ; metrology ; Schrödinger equation ; gauge freedom ; Monte Carlo simulations ; micro-constituents ; nonequilibrium thermodynamics ; Bell’s theorem ; emergent space-time ; spin ; quantum field theory ; time-symmetry ; Gaussian-like solutions ; Hamiltonian ; number theory ; fractional velocity ; ergodicity ; fractal geometry ; atomic metastable states ; operator thermodynamic functions ; Canonical Presentation ; Retrocausation ; interpretations of quantum mechanics ; Bohm theory ; quantum mechanics ; zero-point field ; conspiracy ; pilot wave ; quantum holism ; toy-models ; curvature tensor ; Aharonov–Bohm effect ; computational irreducibility ; Stochastic Electrodynamics ; diffraction ; retrocausality ; resonances in quantum systems ; stochastic differential equations ; Bianchi identity ; past of the photon ; commutator ; relational interpretation of quantum mechanics ; free will ; nomology ; trajectories ; primitive ontology ; Mach–Zehnder interferometer ; weak values ; singular limit ; interior-boundary condition ; Poincaré recurrence ; quantum inaccessibility ; symplectic camel ; surrealistic trajectories ; observables ; Stern-Gerlach ; decoherence ; quantum non-equilibrium ; generalized Lagrangian paths ; superdeterminism ; black hole thermodynamics ; nonlocality ; measurement problem ; entropy and time evolution ; bouncing oil droplets ; spontaneous state reduction ; quantum theory ; many interacting worlds ; complex entropy. ; Turing incomputability ; iterant ; space-time fluctuations ; quantum potential ; ontological quantum mechanics ; photon trajectory ; Dove prism ; the Friedrichs model ; contextuality ; discrete calculus ; transition probability amplitude ; gravity ; pilot-wave theory ; matter-waves ; de Broglie-Bohm theory ; covariant quantum gravity ; atom-surface scattering ; de Broglie–Bohm theory ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general
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  • 94
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: This reprint presents groundbreaking discoveries, practical techniques, and rigorous analyses related to the cultivation, preparation, and exploitation of mycelium composites. The papers cover a wide range of topics, including functional modifications of mycelium with inorganic particles, modifying and assessing the mechanical properties of mycelium composites, strategies for improving the flexural behaviour of composites, beehives from fungal materials, bio-welding and reinforcement of composites, bioreactors for fungal production, co-production of composites by fungi and bacteria, growing large-scale mycelium structures, sound absorption by composites, and the geometrical parameterisation of fungi. This informative compendium of techniques, methods, and insights on growing fungal material appeals to readers from all walks of life, from high school pupils to university professors, from mathematicians, computer scientists, and engineers to chemists, from craft practitioners to industrial producers of fungal materials, and from biologists to architects and artists.
    Keywords: mycelium-based composites ; additive manufacturing ; bio-based materials ; circular construction ; digital fabrication ; mycelium ; bio-composites ; bio-fabrication ; ultrasonic welding ; wood printing ; robotic fabrication ; reinforced composites ; natural fiber reinforced polymers ; NFRP ; growing materials ; rattan ; lightweight structure ; architecture ; structural design ; computational design ; subtractive manufacturing ; circular economy ; compressive structures ; compressive strength ; digital image correlation ; masonry ; growth ; mechanical properties ; materials science ; mycelium-based composite ; biomaterials ; natural composites ; bacterial cellulose ; biocompatibility ; knitted fabric ; material tinkering ; lignocellulosic fibers ; natural fiber reinforcement ; mechanical characteristics ; manufacturing variables ; nanoclay ; fungal fruiting bodies ; parametric design thinking ; plasticity ; linearity ; non-linearity ; biohybrid architecture ; bio fabrication ; living architecture ; beehive ; 3D printing ; mycelium materials ; symbiosis ; multispecies architecture ; healthy materials ; binding capacity ; bio-adhesives ; building biomaterials ; fungal mycelium ; mechanical performance ; acoustic materials ; sound absorption ; fungal architecture ; myceliated material ; living material ; sustainability ; biotechnology ; compression ; bending ; waste upcycling ; mycoremediation ; myco-materials ; myco-fabrication ; sustainable buildings ; sustainable structures ; architectural design ; material ethics ; modular chain bioreactor ; solid-state fermentation ; mycelium production ; Ganoderma lucidum ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
    Language: English
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  • 95
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-12-20
    Description: The book continues with an experimental analysis conducted to obtain accurate and complete information about electric vehicles in different traffic situations and road conditions. For the experimental analysis in this study, three different electric vehicles from the Edinburgh College leasing program were equipped and tracked to obtain over 50 GPS and energy consumption data for short distance journeys in the Edinburgh area and long-range tests between Edinburgh and Bristol. In the following section, an adaptive and robust square root cubature Kalman filter based on variational Bayesian approximation and Huber’s M-estimation is proposed to accurately estimate state of charge (SOC), which is vital for safe operation and efficient management of lithium-ion batteries. A coupled-inductor DC-DC converter with a high voltage gain is proposed in the following section to match the voltage of a fuel cell stack to a DC link bus. Finally, the book presents a review of the different approaches that have been proposed by various authors to mitigate the impact of electric buses and electric taxis on the future smart grid.
    Keywords: Q1-390 ; QC1-999 ; adaptive ; electric vehicle ; state of charge (SOC) ; high voltage gain ; lithium-ion battery ; climate change ; ssustainable transport ; driving cycle ; smart grid ; robust ; battery powered vehicle ; Huber’s M-estimation ; electric taxi ; public transportation ; sustainable development ; DC-DC converter ; square root cubature Kalman filter (SRCKF) ; coupled inductor ; fuel cell vehicles ; charging approaches ; ripple minimization current ; variational Bayesian approximation ; electric propulsion ; electric bus ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general
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  • 96
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The onset of flowering is an important step during the lifetime of a flowering plant. During the past two decades, there has been enormous progress in our understanding of how internal and external (environmental) cues control the transition to reproductive growth in plants. Many flowering time regulators have been identified from the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Most of them are assembled in regulatory pathways, which converge to central integrators which trigger the transition of the vegetative into an inflorescence meristem. For crop cultivation, the time of flowering is of upmost importance, because it determines yield. Phenotypic variation for this trait is largely controlled by genes, which were often modified during domestication or crop improvement. Understanding the genetic basis of flowering time regulation offers new opportunities for selection in plant breeding and for genome editing and genetic modification of crop species.
    Keywords: QH426-470 ; QK1-989 ; Q1-390 ; crop plants ; Phenological development ; Arabidopsis ; floral transition ; Prunus ; barley ; wheat ; rice ; Tomato ; BEET ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAK Genetics (non-medical)
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  • 97
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: When faced with a difficult task, people often look at the sky or close their eyes. This behavior is functional: the reduction of distractions in the environment can improve performance on cognitive tasks, including memory retrieval. Reduction of visual distractions can be operationalized through eye-closure, gaze aversion, or by comparing exposure to simple and complex visual displays, respectively. Reduction of auditory distractions is typically examined by comparing performance under quiet and noisy conditions. Theoretical reasoning regarding this phenomenon draws on various psychological principles, including embodied cognition, cognitive load, and modality-specific interference. Practical applications of the research topic are diverse. For example, the findings could be used to improve performance in forensic settings (e.g., eyewitness testimony), educational settings (e.g., exam performance), occupational settings (e.g., employee productivity), or medical settings (e.g., medical history reporting). This Research Topic welcomes articles from all areas of psychology relating to the reduction of distractions to improve task performance. Articles can address (but are not limited to) new empirical findings, comprehensive reviews, theoretical frameworks, opinion pieces, or discussions of practical applications.
    Keywords: BF1-990 ; Q1-390 ; distraction ; eye-closure ; eyewitness memory ; modality-specific interference ; Cognitive Load ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JM Psychology
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  • 98
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: This reprint focusses on Smartness, a multidisciplinary topic, which is examined from four perspectives: Sensors, IoT, and Data Generation; Data and Information Processing; Actuation; and Digital Systems and Infrastructure. We see smartness in the way sensing is embedded in a system, the way data and information are processed, how a system interacts internally and with its environment, and whether a system is ubiquitous or limited by space (cloud-based or edge-enabled). This reprint contains a total of 14 chapters, which are grouped according to their areas of application: mobility and transportation, healthcare, industrial environments, and other urban infrastructures. This book covers a range of topics, including mobility; healthcare; image analysis; permeable pavements; solid-waste management; sensor node and gateway architectures; cloud, fog, and edge computing; air-quality monitoring; thermal anomalies and smart helmets in industrial environments; smart airports; smart districts; smart travel choices; sensor cities; artificially intelligent cities; platform urbanism; and more.
    Keywords: artificial intelligence (AI) ; artificially intelligent city ; artificially intelligence commons ; smart city ; smart urban technology ; urban informatics ; sustainable urban development ; climate change ; pandemics ; natural disasters ; sensor city ; City 4.0 ; smart urbanism ; smart governance ; disruptive urban transition ; Internet-of-Things (IoT) ; technology giants ; sensors ; transit ; bus ; transfer ; smart card ; spatial analysis ; mode choice ; internet of everything (IoE) ; 6th generation (6G) networks ; artificial intelligence ; Distributed AI as a Service (DAIaaS) ; fog computing ; edge computing ; cloud computing ; smart airport ; smart districts ; PPE ; OHS ; risk detection ; naive Bayes ; support vector machine ; convolutional neural network ; deep learning ; microcontroller ; edge-fog-cloud computing ; Internet of Things ; robotics ; autonomous driving ; image registration ; smart sensor ; real time big data ; land-use ; air quality ; particulate matter (PM10 PM2.5) ; Intelligent Transportation Systems ; functional requirements ; machine learning ; model actionability ; model evaluation ; cloud server ; customized sensor node ; customized gateway ; FLoRa simulation ; LoRa range radio ; solid waste management ; smart cities ; big data ; event detection ; road traffic ; distributed machine learning ; automatic labeling ; social media ; data analytics ; social media analytics ; Arabic tweets ; 3D microstructure reconstruction ; permeable pavement ; generative adversarial networks ; tiny AI ; tiny ML ; distributed AI as a service (DAIaaS) ; skin disease diagnosis ; healthcare ; smart societies ; smart healthcare ; reference architecture ; TensorFlow ; visually impaired ; smart mobility ; LiDAR ; ultrasonic ; obstacle detection ; obstacle recognition ; assistive tools ; green computing ; sustainability ; Arduino Uno ; smart app ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 99
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Amorphous solid dispersion (ASD) is a powerful formulation technology to improve oral absorption of poorly soluble drugs. Despite their being in existence for more than half a century, controlling ASD performance is still regarded as difficult because of ASD’s natural non-equilibrium. However, recent significant advances in ASD knowledge and technology may enable a much broader use of ASD technology. This Special Issue, which includes 3 reviews and 6 original articles, focuses on recent progresses in ASD technology in hopes of helping to accelerate developmental studies in the pharmaceutical industry. In striving for a deep understanding of ASD non-equilibrium behavior, the Special issue also delves into and makes progress in the theory of soft-matter dynamics.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; Q1-390 ; thermodynamic modeling ; molecular dynamics simulation ; poorly soluble drugs ; amorphous solid dispersions ; dissolution enhancement ; crystallization tendency ; continuous processing ; stability ; milling ; granulation ; thermal analysis ; amorphous ; ball milling ; pharmaceutical glass ; dissolution ; rebamipide ; poloxamer ; classification ; polyelectrolytes ; amorphisation ; self-assembly ; dissolution rate ; miscibility ; bioavailability ; solubility ; evaporation ; mesoporous ; polyelectrolyte excipient matrix ; polymer ; bicaludamide ; phase diagram ; Weibull dissolution model ; spectroscopic techniques ; anticancer drugs ; manufacturing methods ; nucleation ; molecular complex ; nanoaggregates ; enrofloxacin ; accelerated stability test ; solubility enhancement ; amorphous solid dispersion ; tadalafil ; process development ; amorphous polymeric salt ; Wood’s apparatus ; hot melt extrusion ; solid dispersions ; intrinsic dissolution rate ; solid dispersion ; interaction ; crystallization ; spray drying ; characterization ; ciprofloxacin ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 100
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Rivers have been intensively degraded due to increasing anthropogenic impacts from a growing population in a continuously developing world. Accordingly, most rivers suffer from pressures as a result of increasing dam and weir construction, habitat degradation, flow regulation, water pollution/abstraction, and the spread of invasive species. Science-based knowledge regarding solutions to counteract the effects of river degradation, and melding principles of aquatic ecology and engineering hydraulics, is thus urgently needed to guide present and future river restoration actions. This Special Issue gathers a coherent set of studies from different geographic contexts, on fundamental and applied research regarding the integration of ecohydraulics in river restoration, ranging from field studies to laboratory experiments that can be applied to real-world challenges. It contains 13 original papers covering ecohydraulic issues such as river restoration technologies, sustainable hydropower, fish passage designs and operational criteria, and habitat modeling. All papers were reviewed by international experts in ecology, hydraulics, aquatic biology, engineering, geomorphology, and hydrology. The papers herein well represent the wide applicability of ecohydraulics in river restoration and serve as a basis to improve current knowledge and management and to reduce arguments between different interests and opinions.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; Q1-390 ; Fish passage and migration ; Prioritization of river connectivity for sustainable fisheries ; Sustainable hydropower ; Spawning grounds ; Invasive species management ; Environmental flows ; Habitat modeling ; Dam/weir retrofitting and removal ; Riparian and aquatic vegetation dynamics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
    Language: English
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