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  • Articles  (19)
  • 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous  (19)
  • Elsevier Science Limited  (18)
  • Nature Publishing Group
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  • Articles  (19)
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  • 1
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    Engineering design earthquakes from multimodal hazard disaggregation (2012)
    Elsevier Science Limited
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-21
    Description: To define reference structural actions, engineers practicing earthquake resistant design are required by codes to account for ground motion likely to threaten the site of interest and also for pertinent seismic source features. In most of the cases, while the former issue is addressed assigning a mandatory design response spectrum, the latter is left unsolved. However, in the case that the design spectrum is derived from probabilistic seismic hazard analysis, disaggregation may be helpful, allowing to identify the earthquakes having the largest contribution to the hazard for the spectral ordinates of interest. Such information may also be useful to engineers in better defining the design scenario for the structure, e.g., in record selection for nonlinear seismic structural analysis. On the other hand, disaggregation results change with the spectral ordinate and return period, and more than a single event may dominate the hazard, especially if multiple sources affect the hazard at the site. This work discusses identification of engineering design earthquakes referring, as an example, to the Italian case. The considered hazard refers to the exceedance of peak ground acceleration and 1s spectral acceleration with four return periods between 50 and 2475 year. It is discussed how, for most of the Italian sites, more than a design earthquake exists, because of the modeling of seismic sources. Furthermore, it is explained how and why these change with the limit state and the dynamic properties of the structure. Finally, it is illustrated how these concepts may be easily included in engineering practice complementing design hazard maps and effectively enhancing definition of design seismic actions with relatively small effort.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1212–1231
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Engineering design ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 2
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    Modeling techniques to study CO 2-injection induced micro-seismicity (2016)
    Elsevier Science Limited
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-12
    Description: CO2 injection in saline aquifers is one solution to avoid the emission of this greenhouse gas to the atmosphere. This process induces a pore-pressure build-up around the borehole that generates tensile and shear micro-earthquakes which emit P and S waves if given pressure thresholds are exceeded. Here, we develop a simple model to simulate micro-seismicity in a layer saturated with brine, based on an analytical solution of pressure diffusion and an emission criterion for P and S waves. The model is based on poroelasticity and allows us to obtain estimations of the hydraulic diffusivity on the basis of the location of the micro-earthquakes (defining the CO2 plume) and the triggering time. Wave propagation of P and S waves is simulated with a full-wave solver, where each emission point is a source proportional to the difference of the pore pressure and the tensile and shear pressure thresholds. Finally a reverse-time migration algorithm is outlined to locate the asynchronous sources induced by the fluid flow, determinated by the maximum amplitude at each cell versus the back propagation time.
    Description: Published
    Description: 246-257
    Description: 6T. Sismicità indotta e caratterizzazione sismica dei sistemi naturali
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: CO 2 injection and monitoring ; Fluid injection ; Micro-seismicity ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 3
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    Seismicity and velocity structures along the south-Alpine thrust front of the Venetian Alps (NE-Italy) (2012)
    Elsevier Science Limited
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-03
    Description: In this paper we show the seismicity and velocity structure of a segment of the Alpine retro-belt front along the continental collision margin of the Venetian Alps (NE Italy). Our goal is to gain insight on the buried structures and deep fault geometry in a “silent” area, i.e., an area with poor instrumental seismicity but high potential for future earthquakes, as indicated by historical earthquakes (1695 Me = 6.7 Asolo and 1936 Ms = 5.8 Bosco del Cansiglio). Local earthquakes recorded by a dense temporary seismic network are used to compute 3-D Vp and Vp/Vs tomographic images, yielding well resolved images of the upper crust underneath the south-Alpine front. We show the presence of two main distinct high Vp S-verging thrust units, the innermost coincides with the piedmont hill and the outermost is buried under a thick pile of sediments in the Po plain. Background seismicity and Vp/Vs anomalies, interpreted as cracked fluid-filled volumes, suggest that the NE portion of the outermost blind thrust and its oblique/lateral ramps may be a zone of high fluid pressure prone to future earthquakes. Three-dimensional focal mechanisms show compressive and transpressive solutions, in agreement with the tectonic setting, stress field maps and geodetic observations. The bulk of the microseismicity is clustered in two different areas, both in correspondence of inherited lateral ramps of the thrust system. Tomographic images highlight the influence of the paleogeographic setting in the tectonic style and seismic activity of the region.
    Description: Published
    Description: 37-48
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: seismicity ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 4
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    Geodetic strain rate and earthquake size: new clues for seismic hazard studies (2012)
    Elsevier Science Limited
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Earthquakes deliver in few seconds the elastic energy accumulated in hundreds of years. Where and when will be the next earthquake remains a difficult task due to the chaotic behaviour of seismicity and the present lack of available tools to measure the threshold of the crustal strength. However, the analysis of the background strain rate in Italy and the comparison with seismicity shows that larger earthquakes occur with higher probability in areas of lower strain rate. We present a statistical study in which a relationship linking the earthquake size (magnitude) and the total strain rate (SR) is found. We combine the information provided by the Gutenberg–Richter law (GR) of earthquake occurrence and the probability density distribution of SR in the Italian area. Following a Bayesian approach, we found a simple family of exponential decrease curves describing the probability that an event of a given size occurs within a given class of SR. This approach relies on the evidence that elastic energy accumulates in those areas where faults are locked and the SR is lower. Therefore, in tectonically active areas, SR lows are more prone to release larger amount of energy with respect to adjacent zones characterised by higher strain rates. The SR map of Italy, compared with 5 years seismicity supports this result and may become a powerful tool for identifying the areas more prone to the next earthquakes.
    Description: Published
    Description: 67-75
    Description: 3.1. Fisica dei terremoti
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Strain rate ; Magnitude ; Gutenberg–Richter law ; Bayesian analysis ; Seismic hazard ; Italian area ; L’ Aquila Emilia earthquakes ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 5
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    A pilot GIS database of active faults of Mt. Etna (Sicily): A tool for integrated hazard evaluation (2012)
    Elsevier Science Limited
    In:  Supplementary data associated with this article can be found in the online version, at http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2012.08. 013.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: A pilot GIS-based system has been implemented for the assessment and analysis of hazard related to active faults affecting the eastern and southern flanks of Mt. Etna. The system structure was developed in ArcGis® environment and consists of different thematic datasets that include spatially-referenced arc-features and associated database. Arc-type features, georeferenced into WGS84 Ellipsoid UTM zone 33 Projection, represent the five main fault systems that develop in the analysed region. The backbone of the GIS-based system is constituted by the large amount of information which was collected from the literature and then stored and properly geocoded in a digital database. This consists of thirty five alpha-numeric fields which include all fault parameters available from literature such us location, kinematics, landform, slip rate, etc. Although the system has been implemented according to the most common procedures used by GIS developer, the architecture and content of the database represent a pilot backbone for digital storing of fault parameters, providing a powerful tool in modelling hazard related to the active tectonics of Mt. Etna. The database collects, organises and shares all scientific currently available information about the active faults of the volcano. Furthermore, thanks to the strong effort spent on defining the fields of the database, the structure proposed in this paper is open to the collection of further data coming from future improvements in the knowledge of the fault systems. By layering additional user-specific geographic information and managing the proposed database (topological querying) a great diversity of hazard and vulnerability maps can be produced by the user. This is a proposal of a backbone for a comprehensive geographical database of fault systems, universally applicable to other sites.
    Description: Published
    Description: 170-186
    Description: 1.5. TTC - Sorveglianza dell'attività eruttiva dei vulcani
    Description: 3.2. Tettonica attiva
    Description: 4.3. TTC - Scenari di pericolosità vulcanica
    Description: 5.5. TTC - Sistema Informativo Territoriale
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: GIS-based system ; Hazard assessment ; Volcano-tectonics ; Flank dynamics ; Georeferenced arc-features ; Active fault database ; 04. Solid Earth::04.01. Earth Interior::04.01.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.06. Rheology, friction, and structure of fault zones ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.09. Structural geology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.02. Geodynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.05. Stress ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.07. Tectonics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques ; 05. General::05.08. Risk::05.08.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 6
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    Limited overlap between the seismic gap and coseismic slip of the great 2010 Chile earthquake (2011)
    Nature Publishing Group
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The MW 8.8 mega-thrust earthquake and tsunami that occurred on February 27, 2010, offshore Maule region, Chile, was not unexpected. A clearly identified seismic gap existed in an area where tectonic loading has been accumulating since the great 1835 earthquake experienced and described by Darwin during the voyage of the Beagle. Here we jointly invert tsunami and geodetic data (InSAR, GPS, land-level changes), to derive a robust model for the co-seismic slip distribution and induced co-seismic stress changes, and compare them to past earthquakes and the pre-seismic locking distribution. We aim to assess if the Maule earthquake has filled the Darwin gap, decreasing the probability of a future shock . We find that the main slip patch is located to the north of the gap, overlapping the rupture zone of the MW 8.0 1928 earthquake, and that a secondary concentration of slip occurred to the south; the Darwin gap was only partially filled and a zone of high pre-seismic locking remains unbroken. This observation is not consistent with the assumption that distributions of seismic rupture might be correlated with pre-seismic locking, potentially allowing the anticipation of slip distributions in seismic gaps. Moreover, increased stress on this unbroken patch might have increased the probability of another major to great earthquake there in the near future.
    Description: Published
    Description: 173-177
    Description: 3.1. Fisica dei terremoti
    Description: 4.2. TTC - Modelli per la stima della pericolosità sismica a scala nazionale
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Source process ; Chile ; Tsunami ; Joint Inversion ; Seismic Gap ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.05. Stress ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.06. Subduction related processes ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.03. Inverse methods
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 7
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    Vesuvius: Earthquakes from 1600 up to the 1631 eruption (2012)
    Elsevier Science Limited
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-03
    Description: his study examines the seismicity of Vesuvius in the decades leading up to the great eruption of 16th December 1631. The period 1600–1631 is analyzed with the aims to point out any long-term seismic precursor of the eruption. The historical research has focused on contemporary Neapolitan memoirs and a large screening of diplomatic correspondence from the main Italian courts of the age (Florence, Mantua, Parma, Venice and the Vatican). Information was gathered on 18 earthquakes that were felt in Naples between 1601 and 1630. These data were listed with the sequence of 34 shocks that took place in November and December 1631, that preceded the beginning of the eruption. The 52 seismic events that have been highlighted overall are unknown in the parametric catalogues of Italian historical seismicity and 17 are unknown even in the scientific literature. The authors' view is that it makes little sense to talk of one single previous seismic precursor in this case, given the frequent seismic sequences and tremors noted by contemporaries from January 1616 onwards. The present state of knowledge suggests that seismic activity is a strong, early and persistent warning sign of an eruption of Vesuvius, of the same type as that of December 1631.
    Description: Published
    Description: 267-272
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Vesuvius ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 8
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    Local changes in the total electron content immediately before the 2009 Abruzzo earthquake (2015)
    Elsevier Science Limited
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-24
    Description: Ionospheric TEC (total electron content) variations derived from GPS measurements recorded at 7 GPS stations in Northern, Central and Southern Italy before and after the 2009 Abruzzo earthquake (EQ) of magnitude Mw6.3 were processed and analyzed. The analysis included interpolated and non-interpolated TEC data. Variations in the TEC of both regional and local characteristics were revealed. Several regional changes were observed in the studied period: 1 January–21 April 2009. After analyzing non-interpolated TEC data of 5 GPS stations in Central Italy (Unpg (Perugia), Untr (Terni), Aqui (Aquila), M0se (Rome) and Paca (Palma Campania, (Naples)), a local disturbance of TEC was also found. This local TEC disturbance arises preparatory to the EQ main shock occurred at 01:32 UT on 06 April 2009, maximizes its amplitude of ~0.8 TECu after the shock moment and disappears after it. The local TEC disturbance was confined at heights below 160 km, i.e. in the lower ionosphere.
    Description: Published
    Description: 243–258
    Description: 4T. Fisica dei terremoti e scenari cosismici
    Description: 2A. Fisica dell'alta atmosfera
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: GPS measurements ; Total electron content (TEC) ; TEC disturbance ; Lower ionosphere ; Earthquake shock ; 01. Atmosphere::01.02. Ionosphere::01.02.99. General or miscellaneous ; 01. Atmosphere::01.02. Ionosphere::01.02.02. Dynamics ; 01. Atmosphere::01.02. Ionosphere::01.02.05. Wave propagation ; 01. Atmosphere::01.02. Ionosphere::01.02.06. Instruments and techniques ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.10. Instruments and techniques
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 9
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    Pseudotachylyte in muscovite-bearing quartzite: Coseismic friction-induced melting and plastic deformation of quartz (2012)
    Elsevier Science Limited
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Thin (0.5e2 mm thick) pseudotachylyte veins occur within muscovite-bearing (w10% volume), amphibolite-facies quartzites of the Schneeberg Normal Fault Zone (Austroalpine, Southern Tyrol, Italy). Pseudotachylytes are associated with precursor localized plastic microshear zones (50e150 mm thick) developed sub-parallel to the host-rock foliation and with conjugate sets oriented at a high angle to the foliation. Such microshear zones are characterized by recrystallization to ultrafine-grained (1e2 mm grain size) mosaic aggregates of quartz showing a transition from a host-controlled to a random crystallo- graphic preferred orientation towards the shear zone interior. Subsequent coseismic slip mainly exploited these microshear zones. Microstructural analysis provides evidence of extensive friction- induced melting of the muscovite-bearing quartzite, producing a bimodal melt composition. First, the host-rock muscovite was completely melted and subsequently crystallized, mainly as K-feldspar. Then, about 60% volume of the ultrafine-grained quartz underwent melting and crystallized as spherulitic rims (mostly consisting of quartz ` Ti ` Fe) around melt-corroded quartz clasts. The two melts show immiscibility structures in the major injection veins exploiting microshear zones at high angles to the quartzite foliation. In contrast, they were mechanically mixed during flow along the main fault veins.
    Description: Published
    Description: 169-186
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Quartz ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 10
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    On the ULF magnetic ratio increase before the 2008 Iwate–Miyagi Nairiku earthquake by Hirano and Hattori (2011) (2012)
    Elsevier Science Limited
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Hirano and Hattori (2011), hereafter cited as H&H, report the observation of anomalous increases in the ULF geomagnetic field spectral density ratio which the authors claim to be possible precursors of the 2008 Iwate–Miyagi Nairiku earthquake. Here the results of H&H are reviewed taking into account the global geomagnetic activity level by means ofPKp index. This paper cast serious doubts on the seismogenic origin of the magnetic signatures documented by H&H showing that the anomalous signals are normal ULF magnetic variations induced by solar–terrestrial interaction. In summary, H&H’s claims that magnetic field disturbances about a month before the Mw 6.9 Iwate–Miyagi Nairiku earthquake on June 13, 2008 are precursors to the earthquake are unlikely to be correct.
    Description: Published
    Description: 258-262
    Description: 2.6. TTC - Laboratorio di gravimetria, magnetismo ed elettromagnetismo in aree attive
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Geomagnetic field ; Magnetic anomalies ; Earthquake precursors ; Seismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.04. Magnetic anomalies ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 11
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    High Performance Parallelization of COMPSYN on a Cluster of Multicore Processors with GPUs (2012)
    Elsevier Science Limited
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: In this work we propose a high performance parallelization of the software package COMPSYN, devoted to the production of syntethic seismograms, on a cluster of multicore processors with multiple GPUs. To design and implement the proposed high performance version, we started from a na¨ıve parallel version of COMPSYN. The na¨ıve version consists in a simple parallelization on both device side, obtained by exploiting CUDA, and host side, obtained by exploiting the MPI paradigm and OpenMP API. The proposed high performance version implements several practical techniques of CUDA programming and deeply exploits the GPU architecture, thus achieving a much better performance with respect to the na¨ıve version. We compare the performance of the proposed high performance version and that of the na¨ıve one with the performance of the version running on the cluster of multicore processors without invoking the GPUs. We obtain for the high performance GPU version a speedup of 25x over the version running on the cluster of multicore processors without GPUs against the 10x of the na¨ıve version. Regarding the sequential version, we estimate about 380x the speedup of the high performance GPU version against the about 140x of the na¨ıve version.
    Description: Collaboration Agreement between Dept. of Computer Science, Sapienza University of Rome and Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Rome, Italy, 2011. Project n. C26G074ABJ, 2007, Cluster of multicore processor for advanced computation, Sapienza University of Rome.
    Description: Published
    Description: 966-975
    Description: 4.1. Metodologie sismologiche per l'ingegneria sismica
    Description: 4.2. TTC - Modelli per la stima della pericolosità sismica a scala nazionale
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: GPU ; CUDA ; synthetic seismogram ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.03. Earthquake source and dynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.04. Ground motion ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.11. Seismic risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 12
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    A GIS procedure for fast topographic characterization of seismic recording stations (2014)
    Elsevier Science Limited
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Morphometric analyses of high resolution digital elevation models (DEM), with the support of Geographic Information Systems (GIS), have been implemented to provide a practical tool for the identification on a large scale of sites where, according to the EC8 prescriptions, a topography amplification is expected. An ad hoc procedure for the hilltop ridge detection was implemented to be used in the morphological characterization, together with the standard GIS sequence of steps. The proposed method allowed the fast classification of more than 800 seismic recording stations located on the Alps and the Apennine, according to the indications of the current European norm and the Italian seismic code. The aim is to improve the characterization of the stations of seismic archives, in the view of a potential cross-checking of observed amplification with the attributed site class category.
    Description: Published
    Description: 248-258
    Description: 3T. Pericolosità sismica e contributo alla definizione del rischio
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: DEM ; Geographic Information system ; Ridge ; Morphometric analysis ; Seismic amplification ; Recording station ; Seismic code ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 13
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    Global pattern of earthquakes and seismic energy distributions: Insights for the mechanisms of plate tectonics (2012)
    Elsevier Science Limited
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-03
    Description: In this paper, we analyse the distributions of number of events (N) and seismic energy (E) on the Earth's surface and along its radius as obtained from the global declustered catalogue of large independent events (M≥7.0), dissipating about 95% of the Earth's elastic budget. The latitude distribution of the seismic event density is almost symmetric with respect to the equator and the seismic energy flux distribution is bimodal; both have their medians near the equator so that they are equally distributed in the two hemispheres. This symmetry with respect to the equator suggests that the Earth's rotational dynamics contributes to modulate the long-term tectonic processes. The distributions of number and energy of earthquakes versus depth are not uniform aswell: 76% of the total earthquakes dissipates about 60% of the total energy in the first ~50 km; only 6% of events dissipates about 20% of the total amount of energy in a narrow depth interval, at the lower boundary of the upper mantle (550–680 km). Therefore, only the remaining 20% of energy is released along most of the depth extent of subduction zones (50–550 km). Since the energetic release along slabs is a minor fraction of the total seismic budget, the role of the slab pull appears as ancillary, if any, in driving plate tectonics. Moreover the concentration of seismic release in the not yet subducted lithosphere suggests that the force moving the plates acts on the uppermost lithosphere and contemporaneously all over the Earth's outer shell, again supporting a rotational/tidal modulation.
    Description: Published
    Description: 80-86
    Description: 3.3. Geodinamica e struttura dell'interno della Terra
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Global seismicity ; Declustered catalogue ; Earthquake energy distribution ; Plate tectonics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 14
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    Retrospective investigation of geomagnetic field time-series during the 2009 L'Aquila seismic sequence (2012)
    Elsevier Science Limited
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-03
    Description: This paper reports the analyses of ULF (Ultra-Low-Frequency) geomagnetic field observations coming from the Geomagnetic Observatory of L'Aquila during the period 2008–2009. This period includes the L'Aquila 2009 seismic sequence, where the main shock of 6 April heavily damaged the medieval centre of the town and its surrounding area, causing 308 deaths, more than 1000 injuries and about 60,000 displaced people. Recently, several publications have documented the observation of precursory signals which occurred before the 6 April earthquake (e.g. Eftaxias et al., 2009, 2010), while others do not find any pre-earthquake anomaly (e.g. Villante et al., 2010; Di Lorenzo et al., 2011). In light of this, the goal of this study is to carry out further retrospective investigations. ULF magnetic field data are investigated by means of conventional analyses of magnetic polarization ratio, improved magnetic polarization ratio, and fractal analysis. In addition, total geomagnetic field data coming from the INGV Central Italy tectonomagnetic network have also been investigated, using the simple inter-station differentiation method. Within the limits of these methods, no magnetic anomalous signal which may be reasonably characterized as a precursor of the L'Aquila earthquakes has been found.
    Description: Published
    Description: 310–317
    Description: 2.6. TTC - Laboratorio di gravimetria, magnetismo ed elettromagnetismo in aree attive
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Geomagnetic field ; Magnetic anomalies ; Earthquake precursors ; Seismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.04. Magnetic anomalies ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous
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  • 15
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    The study of ionospheric anomalies in Japan area during 1998–2010 by Kon et al.: An inaccurate claim of earthquake-related signatures? (2012)
    Elsevier Science Limited
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The problem of identifying precursory signals of earthquakes in the hope of mitigate the seismic hazard is a very important topic, but inaccurate documentations of precursory signatures decrease the credibility of this field of research. The statistical analysis by Kon et al. (2011) shows that there is tendency of positive total electron content (TEC) anomalies to occur 1–5 days before 52 M 〉 6 earthquakes which struck Japan during 1998–2010. Kon et al. (2011) also report in detail three selected case studies claiming the occurrence of TEC anomalies possibly related to large and destructive earthquakes. This paper casts doubts on the possibility that in the three cases the TEC disturbances were caused by seismic events suggesting that these TEC changes could be induced by normal variations of the global geomagnetic activity. As a consequence, also the results of the Superimposed Epoch Analysis performed by Kon et al. (2011) could be seriously influenced by global magnetospheric signals.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1-5
    Description: 2.6. TTC - Laboratorio di gravimetria, magnetismo ed elettromagnetismo in aree attive
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: partially_open
    Keywords: Ionospheric anomalies ; Total electron content ; Earthquake-related ionospheric anomalies ; Short-term earthquake prediction ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.04. Magnetic anomalies ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 16
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    Comment on ‘‘Possible association between anomalous geomagnetic variations and the Molise Earthquakes at Central Italy during 2002’’ by Takla et al. (2011) (2012)
    Elsevier Science Limited
    In:  Takla, E.M., Yumoto, K., Sutcliffe, P.R., Nikiforovd, V.M., Marshalle, R., 2011. Possible association between anomalous geomagnetic variations and the Molise Earthquakes at Central Italy during 2002. Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors 185, 29–35. doi:10.1016/j.pepi.2010.12.003.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Takla et al. (2011) documented the observation of seismogenic precursory signals in the geomagnetic field components of L’Aquila station (LAQ) which occurred before the 2002 Molise earthquakes. Here, these claims are reviewed taking into account the geomagnetic index ΣKp time-series and by means of data coming from the Geomagnetic Observatory of L’Aquila where the LAQ station is located. This review shows that before the Molise earthquakes the anomalous behaviour of LAQ geomagnetic field components was actually caused by a possible thermal drift of the instrumentation. In conclusion there is no firm relation between the earthquakes occurrence and the observed magnetic anomalous signatures documented by Takla et al. (2011).
    Description: Published
    Description: 92-94
    Description: 2.6. TTC - Laboratorio di gravimetria, magnetismo ed elettromagnetismo in aree attive
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: partially_open
    Keywords: Geomagnetic field ; Magnetic anomalies ; Earthquake precursors ; Short-term earthquake prediction ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.04. Magnetic anomalies ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 17
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    A few earthquake conundrums resolved (2013)
    Elsevier Science Limited
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-03
    Description: Several fundamental questions (conundrums) about earthquakes and rocks are inexplicable in terms of conventional sub-critical geophysics. These questions have become so familiar that they are now generally accepted as the way earthquakes and rocks behave and are not recognised as presenting conceptual difficulties. These conundrums are resolved by a new understanding of fluid-rock deformation, where fluid-saturated microcracks in almost all rocks are so closely-spaced they verge on failure and hence are highly-compliant critical-systems which impose a range of new properties on conventional sub-critical geophysics. This new understanding of fluid-rock deformation, this New Geophysics, allows earthquakes to be stress-forecast, and has implications and applications to many solid Earth developments.
    Description: Published
    Description: 501–509
    Description: 3.1. Fisica dei terremoti
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Conundrums resolved ; Monitoring stress changes ; Seismic anisotropy ; Shear-wave splitting ; Stress-accumulation ; Stress-relaxation ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.03. Earthquake source and dynamics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 18
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    Analysis of a 150 m sediment core from the co-seismic subsidence depocenter of the 2009 Mw=6.1 L'Aquila earthquake (Italy): Implications for Holocene-Pleistocene tectonic subsidence rates and for the age of the seismogenic Paganica fault system. (2016)
    Elsevier Science Limited
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: LAQUI-CORE was drilled in the co-seismic subsidence depocenter shown by DinSAR images in the Bazzano sub-basin after the 2009 Mw = 6.1 L'Aquila earthquake. LAQUI-CORE aimed at gathering high-resolution integrated stratigraphy and defining its relationships with the Paganica and other active faults that yielded co-seismic subsidence. Lithostratigraphy and micropaleontological analyses indicate a Late Pleistocene-Holocene fluvial-alluvial sequence, and below 41 m palustrine sediments sandwiching at 84–115 m a thick gravel package. Four 14C ages gathered from 5 to 15 m yield calibrated ages between 6 and 41 ka BP. Paleomagnetism reveals a normal polarity above 84 m, while below the gravel package (115 m) it shows frequent polarity changes. The occurrence of intervals of clear reverse polarity testifies below 115 m the deposition during the Matuyama Chron. We conclude that the normal polarity package, down to 84 m along with the underlying gravels, were deposited at high sedimentation rate (0.46 mm/yr for the upper 15 m) during the Brunhes Chron (〈 0.78 Ma), and lie over a much older Early Pleistocene palustrine sequence that we correlate with the well-known Madonna della Strada Synthem (1.2–1.7 Ma). We assume that the subsidence driving the deposition of the upper normal polarity sequence was due to the activity of the Paganica and neighbour faults during the Middle-Late Pleistocene. The lack of thick volcanostratigraphic markers, widespread in colluvial sediments from the L'Aquila plain older than 460 ka, suggests a normal-polarity sedimentation onset, thus a Paganica fault activity onset, around 400 ka. The 0.25 to 0.50 mm/yr subsidence at Bazzano extrapolated by DinSAR data and paleoseismological trenching at the Paganica fault is roughly consistent with the sedimentation rate (0.46 mm/yr) yielded by radiocarbon dating in the upper LAQUI-CORE. This implies that co-seismic subsidence in the Bazzano sub-basin during Late Pleistocene-Holocene times was mainly controlled by the Paganica fault activity.
    Description: Published
    Description: 180-194
    Description: 1A. Geomagnetismo e Paleomagnetismo
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: L'Aquila earthquake; Apennine; Continental basins; Paleomagnetism; Core stratigraphy; LAQUI-CORE ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.06. Paleomagnetism ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.07. Rock magnetism ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous
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  • 19
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    Active upper crust deformation pattern along the southern edge of the Tyrrhenian subduction zone (NE Sicily): Insights from a multidisciplinary approach (2016)
    Elsevier Science Limited
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Using a multidisciplinary dataset based on gravimetric, seismic, geodetic and geological observations,we provide an improved picture of the shallow structure and dynamics of the southern edge of the Tyrrhenian subduction zone.With a local earthquake tomographywe clearly identify twomain crustal domains in the upper 15 kmcharacterized by different P-wave velocity values: a high-velocity domain comprising southeasternmost Tyrrhenian Sea, NE Sicily and Messina Straits, and a low-velocity domain comprising Mt. Etna and eastern Sicily. The transition between the two domains shows a good spatial correspondence with a wider set of faults including the Taormina Fault System (TFS) and the Aeolian–Tindari–Letojanni Fault System (ATLFS), two nearly SE-striking fault systems crossing northeastern Sicily and ending on the Ionian shoreline of Sicily according to many investigators. Within this set of faults, most of the deformation/seismicity occurs along the northern and central segments of ATLFS, compared to lowactivity along TFS. A lack of seismicity (both recent and historical) is observed in the southern sector of ATLFS where, however, geodetic data reveal significant deformation. Ourmultidisciplinary dataset including offshore observations suggests the southeastward continuation of the ATLFS into the Ionian Sea until joiningwith the faults cutting the Ionian accretionarywedge described in the recent literature. Our findings imply the existence of a highly segmented crustal shear zone extending from the Aeolian Islands to the Ionian Abyssal plain, that we believe plays the role of accommodating differential motion between the Southern Tyrrhenian unit and the western compressional domain of Sicily. The ATLFS, which is a main part of the inferred shear zone, behaves similarly to what often observed at the edges of retreating subduction
    Description: Published
    Description: 205-218
    Description: 1T. Geodinamica e interno della Terra
    Description: 2T. Tettonica attiva
    Description: 3T. Pericolosità sismica e contributo alla definizione del rischio
    Description: 1A. Geomagnetismo e Paleomagnetismo
    Description: 6A. Monitoraggio ambientale, sicurezza e territorio
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: subduction edge ; seismic velocity structure ; 04. Solid Earth::04.01. Earth Interior::04.01.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.02. Gravity methods ; 04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.04. Magnetic and electrical methods ; 04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.06. Seismic methods ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.01. Crustal deformations ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.03. Gravity and isostasy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.04. Gravity anomalies ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.05. Gravity variations ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.06. Measurements and monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.07. Satellite geodesy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.06. Rheology, friction, and structure of fault zones ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.09. Structural geology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.03. Global and regional models ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.04. Magnetic anomalies ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.01. Earthquake faults: properties and evolution ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.07. Tomography and anisotropy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.02. Geodynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.04. Plate boundaries, motion, and tectonics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.05. Stress ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.06. Subduction related processes ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.07. Tectonics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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