ALBERT

Description: The present project was aimed at determining the content, quality, and purity of β-carotene extracted from Azolla filiculoides in the Anzali Wetland, comparing it with synthetic β-carotene, and measuring its economic value. One treatment had β-carotene derived from Azolla filiculoides in the Anzali Wetland through the alkaline hydrolysis method in the summer of 2014. Treatments were kept at 4 °C for one year. Synthetic β-carotene was used as the control. The quality of the treatments was assessed by applying some chemical tests, including the measurement of the content and quality of β-carotene, colorimetry using the Hunter-LAB method, determination of the purity and vitamin A employing high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), estimation of the dwell-time duration at 5°C, and measurement of the solubility of β-carotene in water. Beta carotene of Azolla in the spring extracted to alkaline hydrolysis was11853 mg/kg, in summer was 9935mg/kg, in autumn was 11256 mg/kg and in winter was 11245 mg /kg. Beta carotene of Azolla in the spring extracted to organic solvent was 8347 mg/kg, in summer was 6648 mg/kg, in autumn was 7543 mg/kg and in winter was 7539 mg/kg. The amount of beta-carotene is extracted using organic solvents and alkaline hydrolysis in the summer compared to other seasons showed a significant reduction (P〈0.05). The amount of beta-carotene in the spring were significantly increased compared to the other seasons (P〈0.05). This factor (organic solvent and alkaline hydrolysis) in autumn and winter showed no significant difference (P〉0.05). The extracted amounts of beta-carotene in organic solvents compared to alkaline hydrolysis method in seasons spring, summer, autumn and winter was difference significant (P〈0.05). The results of tests included determining the purity, concentration, colorimetry, compounds soluble vitamins and beta-carotene in organic solvents compared to alkaline hydrolysis significant reduction (P〈0.05). During the shelf life of one year at 5°C, these factors had no significant difference between treatments alkaline hydrolysis and organic solvents (P〉0.05). According to the harvesting Azolla of wetland is not requires special equipment and in terms of time a lot of Azolla can be harvested in a short time and also for the extraction of beta-carotene from Azolla Anzali Lagoon is not requires special equipment, too, have no economic value of raw material, does not require special conditions for growing, doubling in three days, Azolla is rich in beta-carotene, beta-carotene extraction of large quantities of small amounts of starting material, the cost of chemical materials, labor, fuel, Laboratory equipment required and the cost of importing small packages beta-carotene, beta-carotene into the country in terms of economic cost compared to the cost of imported Sigma beta carotene is economical. As shown in Table 5 in the samples prepared by alkaline hydrolysis in comparison with synthetic chemical manufactured by Sigma in terms of colorimetric tests, purity, composition and solubility of vitamins significant difference was not observed (P〉0.05). But, in samples prepared by organic solvents in comparison with synthetic chemical manufactured by Sigma in terms of colorimetric tests, purity, composition and solubility of vitamins significant difference was observed (P〈0.05). According to significant differences between the amount of betacarotene extracted from Azoula wetland compared to other seasons in spring and autumn and winter plant growth in spring Azoula alkaline hydrolysis method for the extraction of beta-carotene wetland and wetland Azolla is recommended.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: The present project was aimed at determining the content, quality, and purity of β-carotene extracted from Azolla filiculoides in the Anzali Wetland, comparing it with synthetic β-carotene, and measuring its economic value. One treatment had β-carotene derived from Azolla filiculoides in the Anzali Wetland through the alkaline hydrolysis method in the summer of 2014. Treatments were kept at 4°C for one year. Synthetic β-carotene was used as the control. The quality of the treatments was assessed by applying some chemical tests, including the measurement of the content and quality of β-carotene, colorimetry using the Hunter-LAB method, determination of the purity and vitamin A employing high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), estimation of the dwell-time duration at 5°C, and measurement of the solubility of β-carotene in water. Beta carotene of Azolla in the spring extracted to alkaline hydrolysis was11853 mg/kg, in summer was 9935mg/kg, in autumn was 11256 mg/kg and in winter was 11245 mg /kg. Beta carotene of Azolla in the spring extracted to organic solvent was 8347 mg/kg, in summer was 6648 mg/kg, in autumn was 7543 mg/kg and in winter was 7539 mg/kg. The amount of beta-carotene is extracted using organic solvents and alkaline hydrolysis in the summer compared to other seasons showed a significant reduction (P〈0.05). The amount of beta-carotene in the spring were significantly increased compared to the other seasons (P〈0.05). This factor (organic solvent and alkaline hydrolysis) in autumn and winter showed no significant difference (P〉0.05). The extracted amounts of beta-carotene in organic solvents compared to alkaline hydrolysis method in seasons spring, summer, autumn and winter was difference significant (P〈0.05). The results of tests included determining the purity, concentration, colorimetry, compounds soluble vitamins and beta-carotene in organic solvents compared to alkaline hydrolysis significant reduction (P〈0.05). During the shelf life of one year at 5°C, these factors had no significant difference between treatments alkaline hydrolysis and organic solvents (P〉0.05). According to the harvesting Azolla of wetland is not requires special equipment and in terms of time a lot of Azolla can be harvested in a short time and also for the extraction of beta-carotene from Azolla Anzali Lagoon is not requires special equipment, too, have no economic value of raw material, does not require special conditions for growing, doubling in three days, Azolla is rich in beta-carotene, beta-carotene extraction of large quantities of small amounts of starting material, the cost of chemical materials, labor, fuel, Laboratory equipment required and the cost of importing small packages beta-carotene, beta-carotene into the country in terms of economic cost compared to the cost of imported Sigma beta carotene is economical. As shown in Table 5 in the samples prepared by alkaline hydrolysis in comparison with synthetic chemical manufactured by Sigma in terms of colorimetric tests, purity, composition and solubility of vitamins significant difference was not observed (P〉0.05). But, in samples prepared by organic solvents in comparison with synthetic chemical manufactured by Sigma in terms of colorimetric tests, purity, composition and solubility of vitamins significant difference was observed (P〈0.05). According to significant differences between the amount of betacarotene extracted from Azoula wetland compared to other seasons in spring and autumn and winter plant growth in spring Azoula alkaline hydrolysis method for the extraction of beta-carotene wetland and wetland Azolla is recommended.

Description: Economical achievement of optimal growth in developing countries may lead to sustainable poverty reduction .Agricultural activities plays an important role in economy and human being welfare which leads to establishment of food security and quality. Aquaculture products in developing countries share 51.4 percent of total agricultural production and 24.7 percent in developed countries. Therefore undoutedly food production by means of quality and quantity has to be increased .The history of shirmp production goes back to 500 years ago. Today 50 countries of the world produce shirmp .In Islamic Republic of Iran shrimp production started since 1992 in the coastal region of persian Gulf. The shrimp culture farms canbe classified in to 4 different categories ; Extensive, semi-extensive , intensive and super instensive. Global ecological manitenanc is one of the major conern of authorities Human manipulation of nature is the most destructive activity. Industrial swage leakage in to the rivers and water sources is a big issue that cause reduction in the aquatic population. Heavey metals has an inhibitory effect in the production and growth of sealife. Human intake of food treated with anti microbial causes allergy , hypersensitivity and develop microbial resistance. Organochlorine compounds contamination may found in hepato pancreatic tissues of aquatic products, Aresnic may transfer to man via plant & animal product contamination . In 1991 during persian gulf war 700 oil well set ablazed. Approximately 50 million tons of crude oil leaked to gulf. Aflatoxins may cause cancer in man. Drug residue investigation for the first time started in 2000 with cooperation of AFSSA food agency france sampling frame according to EEC 96/23 has been designed. One sample per each 100 tons of shrimp selected randomly. Study has conducted in two consequent years (2000-2001) each year 42 sample from shrimp farms collected for laboratory monitoring of group A and B list of drugs, 35.7% and 64.3% respectively for each group. All samples were collected under field condition into a suitable containers for the laboratory analysis of each group. Only one sample is positive to aflatoxin B1 which has been isolated from the muscle of the shrimp samples.All the samples for detection of velexinary drug and residue delection has been conducted according to EU 96/23 directives. For analysis screening test by microbial inhibition test high performance liquid chromatography peformed. Confirmatory tests based on LC/MS utilization to detect different analytes. Mycotoxins detection test is validated and followingly hgih performance liquid chromatography has been used. In conclusion antibiotic and heavy metals results were negative throughout analysis , only one positive sample for aflatoxin B1 has been detected. Estabishment of further investingation for determination of residue in shrimp food is suggested. A and B group druges of all samples were sent to AFSSA france mycotoxin analysis conduted in a private labotory of IR.Iran. the samples were analized according to E.U recommendation screening performed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: Due to importance of the color for caviar quality and its export , in this project it has been attempted to identify elements which yield caviar color . In this respect. Some samples of caviar grade 1A and 1B were taken from A.guldenstadti and A. persicus species and a complementary sample of A. Stellatus Species grade 2 , the caviar pigment amounts were measured through HPLC method. To do this , the required materials were collected Simultaneously, Some Samples were taken from southern coast of the Caspian sea in Golestan Province were taken to food Industry institute Laboratory in Tehran Subjected to Axote gas and under darkness . Only a little amount of A. Guldenstadti Caviar grade 1A sample was gained from cold Storage of Shilat Trading Corp. The tests are done with standards of the of the pigments with high purity Such as B- Carotene Lutein , Astazantin,Etc. The chemical Substances and solvents used were obtained from merk and Fluka Companies. Therefore it was Stated that color variety among avarious caviear grads has a meaningful relationship with the quantities of these pigments in various types of caviar.The quantity of B- caroten , Astaxantin and Lutein Pigments were found to be more in A. Guldenstadti caviar than in A. persicus Caviar ,and similarly they are more in caviar 1 A than in 1B in A. persicus and A. Guldenstadti species. As a result , it could be said that there is a significant relation ship between the amount of the pigments and the light yellowish color of the distinct caviar samples analyzed.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published