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  • 05. General::05.08. Risk::05.08.01. Environmental risk  (3)
  • Copernicus  (2)
  • DTA-CNR  (1)
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  • 1
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    Unknown
    Static chamber methane flux measurements in volcanic/geothermal areas: preliminary data from Sousaki and Nisyros (Greece) (2010)
    Copernicus
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Methane plays an important role in the Earth’s atmospheric chemistry and radiative balance being the second most important greenhouse gas after carbon dioxide. Methane is released to the atmosphere by a wide number of sources, both natural and anthropogenic, with the latter being twice as large as the former (IPCC, 2007). It has recently been established that significant amounts of geological methane, produced within the Earth’s crust, are currently released naturally into the atmosphere (Etiope, 2004). Active or recent volcanic/geothermal areas represent one of these sources of geological methane. But due to the fact that methane flux measurements are laboratory intensive, very few data have been collected until now and the contribution of this source has been generally indirectly estimated (Etiope et al., 2007). The Greek territory is geodynamically very active and has many volcanic and geothermal areas. Here we report on methane flux measurements made at two volcanic/geothermal systems along the South Aegean volcanic arc: Sousaki and Nisyros. The former is an extinct volcanic area of Plio-Pleistocene age hosting nowadays a low enthalpy geothermal field. The latter is a currently quiescent active volcanic system with strong fumarolic activity due to the presence of a high enthalpy geothermal system. Both systems have gas manifestations that emit significant amounts of hydrothermal methane and display important diffuse carbon dioxide emissions from the soils. New data on methane isotopic composition and higher hydrocarbon contents point to an abiogenic origin of the hydrothermal methane in the studied systems. Measured methane flux values range from –48 to 29,000 (38 sites) and from –20 to 1100 mg/mˆ2/d (35 sites) at Sousaki and Nisyros respectively. At Sousaki measurement sites covered almost all the degassing area and the diffuse methane output can be estimated in about 20 t/a from a surface of about 10,000 mˆ2. At Nisyros measurements covered the Stephanos and Kaminakia areas, which represent only a part of the entire degassing area. The two areas show very different methane degassing pattern with latter showing much higher flux values. Methane output can be estimated in about 0.25 t/a from an area of about 30,000 mˆ2 at Stephanos and about 1 t/a from an area of about 20,000 mˆ2 at Kaminakia. The total output from the entire geothermal system of Nisyros probably should not exceed 2 t/a.
    Description: Published
    Description: Vienna, Austria
    Description: 4.5. Studi sul degassamento naturale e sui gas petroliferi
    Description: open
    Keywords: methane output ; diffuse degassing ; volcanic/hydrothermal systems ; Greece ; 01. Atmosphere::01.01. Atmosphere::01.01.03. Pollution ; 01. Atmosphere::01.01. Atmosphere::01.01.07. Volcanic effects ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.01. Geochemical data ; 05. General::05.08. Risk::05.08.01. Environmental risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Poster session
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  • 2
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    Environmental impact of Mt. Etna’s degassing: volcanogenic trace elements bioaccumulation in two endemic plant species (Senecio aethnensis and Rumex aethnensis) (2010)
    Copernicus
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: A biomonitoring survey, above tree line level, using two endemic species (Senecio aethnensis and Rumex aethnensis) was performed on Mt. Etna, in order to evaluate the dispersion and the impact of volcanic atmospheric emissions. Samples of leaves were collected in summer 2008 from 30 sites in the upper part of the volcano (1500- 3000 m a.s.l). Acid digestion of samples was carried out with a microwave oven, and 44 elements were analyzed by using plasma spectrometry (ICP-MS and ICP-OES). The highest concentrations of all investigated elements were found in the samples collected closest to the degassing craters, and in the downwind sector, confirming that the eastern flank of Mt. Etna is the most impacted by volcanic emissions. Leaves collected along two radial transects from the active vents on the eastern flank, highlight that the levels of metals decrease one or two orders of magnitude with increasing distance from the source. This variability is higher for volatile elements (As, Bi, Cd, Cs, Pb, Sb, Tl) than for more refractory elements (Al, Ba, Sc, Si, Sr, Th, U). The two different species of plants do not show significant differences in the bioaccumulation of most of the analyzed elements, except for lanthanides, which are systematically enriched in Rumex leaves. The high concentrations of many toxic elements in the leaves allow us to consider these plants as highly tolerant species to the volcanic emissions, and suitable for biomonitoring researches in the Mt. Etna area.
    Description: Published
    Description: Vienna, Austria
    Description: 4.4. Scenari e mitigazione del rischio ambientale
    Description: open
    Keywords: Mt. Etna ; biomonitoring ; Trace elements ; 01. Atmosphere::01.01. Atmosphere::01.01.03. Pollution ; 01. Atmosphere::01.01. Atmosphere::01.01.07. Volcanic effects ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.01. Geochemical data ; 05. General::05.08. Risk::05.08.01. Environmental risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Poster session
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  • 3
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    Tsunami Early Warning System: Deep Sea Measurements in the Source Area (2012)
    DTA-CNR
    In:  [1] E. Boschi, E. Guidoboni, G. Ferrari, G. Valensise, and P. Gasperini. Catalogue of the strong earthquakes in Italy from 461 BC to 1990. 1997. [2] NGDC Tsunami Catalog. web site: http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/hazard/tsu db.shtml. 2009. [3] E.A. Okal, P.J. Alasset, O. Hyvernaud, and F. Schindele. The deficient T waves of tsunami earthquakes. Geophys. J. Int.l, 152(2):416–432, 2003. [4] C. Lomnitz and S. Nilsen-Hofseth. The indian ocean disaster: Tsunami physics and early warning dilemmas. EOS Trans. AGU, 86:65–70, 2005. [5] C. Meinig, S.E. Stalin, A.I. Nakamura, F. Gonzlez, , and H.G. Milburn. Technology Developments in Real-Time Tsunami Measuring, Monitoring and Forecasting. In Oceans 2005 MTS/IEEE, September 2005, Washington, D.C., 2005. [6] K. Kawaguchi, K. Hirata, T. Nishida, S. Obana, and H. Mikada. A new approach for mobile and expandable real time deep seafloor observation -Adaptable Observation System. IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering, 27:182–192, 2002. [7] A. Rudloff, J. Lauterjung, U. Muench, and S. Tinti. Preface ”The GITEWS Project (German-Indonesian Tsunami Early Warning System)”. Nat Haz. & Earth Systs Sciences, 9(4):1381–1382, 2009. [8] J.H. Filloux. Tsunami recorded on the open ocean floor. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 13:783–796, 1982. [9] F. Chierici, L. Pignagnoli, , and D. Embriaco. Modeling of the hydroacoustic signal and tsunami wave generated by seafloor motion including a porous seabed. J. Geophys. Res., 115:C03015, 2010. [10] N. Zitellini, E. Gr`acia, L. Matias, P. Terrinha, M.A. Abreu, G. De Alteriis, J.P. Henriet, J.J. Da˜nobeitia, D.G. Masson, T. Mulder, R. Ramella, L. Somoza, and S. Diez. The Quest for the Africa-Eurasia plate boundary West of the Strait of Gibraltar. EPSL, 208:13–50, 2009. [11] C. DeMets, R.G. Gordon, D.F. Argus, and S. Stein. Effect of recent revisions to the geomagnetic reversal time scale on estimates of current plate motions. Geophysical Research Letters, 21:2191–2194, 1994. [12] N. Zitellini, L. A. Mendes, D. Cordoba, J. Danobeitia, R. Nicolich, G. Pellis, and al. Source of 1755 Lisbon earthquake and tsunami investigated. EOS Trans. Am. Geophys. Union, 82(26):285, 2001. [13] N. Zitellini, M. Rovere, P. Terrinha, F. Chierici, L. Matias, and Bigset Team. Neogene through Quaternary Tectonic reactivation of SW Iberian Passive Margin. Pure Appl. Geophys., 161:565–585, 2004. [14] W.R. Peltier and C.O. Hines. On the possible detection of tsunamis by a monitoring of the ionosphere. Journal of Geophysical Research, 81:1995–2000, 1976. [15] J. Artru, V. Ducic, H. Kanamori, P. Lognonn´e, and M. Murakami. Ionospheric detection of gravity waves induced by tsunamis. Geophy. J. Int, 106:840–848, 2005. [16] M. Nosov, S. Kolesov, A. Denisova, A. Alekseev, and B. Levin. On the nearbottom pressure variations in the region of the 2003 Tokachi-Oki tsunami source. Oceanology, 47(1):26–32, 2007.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: In the framework of the EU project NEAREST, a new Tsunami Early Warning System (TEWS), able to operate in tsunami generation areas, was developed and installed in the Gulf of Cadiz. The TEWS is based on the abyssal station GEOSTAR, placed above a major tsunamigenic structure, and on three seismic centres of Portugal, Spain and Morocco. The core of the system is a tsunami detector installed onboard of GEOSTAR. The tsunami detector communicates with a surface buoy through a dual acoustic link. The buoy is connected to land stations via satellite link. The system was designed for near-field conditions and successfully operated from August 2007 to August 2008, 100 km SW of Cabo de Sao Vincente (Portugal). A new mission started on November 11th, 2009 in the same location. The tsunami detection is based either on pressure events either on seismic events. The bottom pressure data are analysed in real-time at the seafloor by a new tsunami detection algorithm, which can recognize tsunami waves as small as one centimetre. At the same time it was developed a new theoretical approach to account for tsunami generation in compressible water and in presence of a porous sediment. This model showed that hydro-acoustic waves, travelling much faster than the tsunami, are caused by the seafloor motion. These waves can propagate outside the generation area and are characterised by a modulation carrying valuable information on the seafloor motion, which can be recovered from their first arrival.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1749-1758
    Description: 1.8. Osservazioni di geofisica ambientale
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Description: open
    Keywords: Tsunami Detection ; Early Warning ; Tsunami Generation ; 05. General::05.08. Risk::05.08.01. Environmental risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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