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  • 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.08. Volcano seismology  (8)
  • 04.06. Seismology  (6)
  • 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.07. Tomography and anisotropy
  • Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia  (10)
  • Wiley  (8)
  • Cell Press
  • International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2021-05-12
    Description: This research was inspired by an old stereoscopic viewer from the early 1900s, containing 42 glass slides depicting scenes from two Italian earthquakes that struck Southern Calabria and Eastern Sicily in the years 1894 and 1905, causing hundreds of deaths, but whose memory was blurred by the subsequent, great earthquake of the Messina Straits of December 28, 1908. The sequence of three-dimensional images shown by the viewer gave a deep and realistic visual impact to scenes of collapses, debris, and victims, arousing feelings of dismay. In this work, we describe the viewer apparatus; the places depicted in the stereoscopic plates, and the seismic phenomena that caused the disasters. But above all, we investigate the social and cultural aims that pushed to show the effects of local earthquakes through this kind of primitive multimedia mechanism. We exclude that the viewer, with its photographic equipment, was merely an instrument of entertainment. We rather assume that it carried out an educational task. The repetition of the sequence of tragic images of earthquakes through the stereoscopic viewer had the purpose of contributing to give awareness of the looming seismic risk and to accept rationally those recurring disasters.
    Description: Published
    Description: Se104
    Description: 4T. Sismicità dell'Italia
    Description: 5T. Sismologia, geofisica e geologia per l'ingegneria sismica
    Description: 1TM. Formazione
    Description: 2TM. Divulgazione Scientifica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Stereoscopic Viewer ; Calabrian-Sicilian Earthquakes ; Observational Seismology ; Seismic-Risk ; Geo-Education ; Geoethics ; 04.06. Seismology ; 05.03. Educational, History of Science, Public Issues ; 05.04. Instrumentation and techniques of general interest
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 2
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    Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Published
    Description: 2.3. TTC - Laboratori di chimica e fisica delle rocce
    Description: open
    Keywords: rock physics, geomechanics, thermo-hydro-mechanical coupling, natural hazards ; 04. Solid Earth::04.01. Earth Interior::04.01.04. Mineral physics and properties of rocks ; 04. Solid Earth::04.01. Earth Interior::04.01.05. Rheology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.06. Rheology, friction, and structure of fault zones ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.01. Earthquake faults: properties and evolution ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.08. Volcano seismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.11. Seismic risk ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.05. Stress ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.07. Tectonics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.05. Volcanic rocks
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: book
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Stress can undergo rapid temporal changes in volcanic environments, and this is particularly true during eruptions. We use two independent methods, coda wave interferometry (CWI) and shear wave splitting (SWS) analysis to track stress related wave propagation effects during the waning phase of the 2002 NE fissure eruption at Mt Etna. CWI is used to estimate temporal changes in seismic wave velocity, while SWS is employed to monitor changes in elastic anisotropy. We analyse seismic doublets, detecting temporal changes both in wave velocities and anisotropy, consistent with observed eruptive activity. In particular, syn-eruptive wave propagation changes indicate a depressurization of the system, heralding the termination of the eruption, which occurs three days later.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1779-1788
    Description: 1.4. TTC - Sorveglianza sismologica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Interferometry ; Seismic anisotropy ; Volcano seismology ; Volcano monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.08. Volcano seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: We present the first application of a time reverse location method in a volcanic setting, for a family of long-period (LP) events recorded on Mt Etna. Results are compared with locations determined using a full moment tensor grid search inversion and cross-correlation method. From 2008 June 18 to July 3, 50 broad-band seismic stations were deployed on Mt Etna, Italy, in close proximity to the summit. Two families of LP events were detected with dominant spectral peaks around 0.9 Hz. The large number of stations close to the summit allowed us to locate all events in both families using a time reversal location method. The method involves taking the seismic signal, reversing it in time, and using it as a seismic source in a numerical seismic wave simulator where the reversed signals propagate through the numerical model, interfere constructively and destructively, and focus on the original source location. The source location is the computational cell with the largest displacement magnitude at the time of maximum energy current density inside the grid. Before we located the two LP families we first applied the method to two synthetic data sets and found a good fit between the time reverse location and true synthetic location for a known velocity model. The time reverse location results of the two families show a shallow seismic region close to the summit in agreement with the locations using a moment tensor full waveform inversion method and a cross-correlation location method.
    Description: Published
    Description: 452-462
    Description: 1.4. TTC - Sorveglianza sismologica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Volcano seismology ; Computational seismology ; Wave propagation ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.08. Volcano seismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.09. Waves and wave analysis
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The typical earthquakes occurring at Mt. Vesuvius are Volcano-Tectonic. On July 20, 2003, an unusual earthquake with low and narrow frequency content was detected. The seismograms presented an emergent onset and a nearly monochromatic spectrum at all stations of the Osservatorio Vesuviano(Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia) seismic network. The event was located at about 4 km b.s.l. close to the crater axis and an equivalent duration magnitude of 0.6 was estimated. The nature of this event was investigated by comparing its features with those of two typical Volcano-Tectonic earthquakes occurred inside the same source volume. We compared the spectral content calculating the spectrograms and the coda patterns using the Hilbert Transform. A Seismic Moment Tensor inversion was performed on the low frequency earthquake. The focal mechanisms for the two Volcano-Tectonic earthquakes were estimated with a classical technique and resulted compatible with the stress field acting on the volcano. Taking into account the clear differences with the typical Volcano-Tectonic events as well as the peculiarities retrieved from our analyses (monochromatic, low frequency spectral content, and sustained coda) and also some geochemical observations, we classify the unusual low frequency seismic event detected at Mt. Vesuvius as Long Period earthquake and propose that its origin could be linked to a pressure drop in the deep hydrothermal system.
    Description: Published
    Description: S0440
    Description: 1.4. TTC - Sorveglianza sismologica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Volcano monitoring ; Volcanic event classification ; Long Period earthquake ; Signal analysis ; Hydrothermal system ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.08. Volcano seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: We have analyzed the recent seismicity of Mt. Vesuvius, with particular emphasis on the period 1999-2012. Since 1972 continuous observations with electromagnetic seismometers allowed the compilation of a detailed earthquake catalogue for the station OVO. Furthermore since 1999 another, more complete, catalogue for the station BKE, closer to the crater, is available. The Gutenberg-Richter distribution of magnitudes shows a temporal decrease of the b-value since 1985, with current values close to 1.0. The temporal pattern of the strain release shows a non-stationary behavior with periods of increased release rates (as in 1989-1990, 1995-1996 and 1999-2000). The spatial distribution of the seismicity consists in two main seismogenic volumes, one with hypocenters clustered below the Mt. Vesuvius crater at depths mostly between 1-6 km, and another with hypocenters clustered within the Gran Cono volcanic edifice, with depths above the sea level. We compare the statistical properties of the seismicity occurring within these two volumes and their spatial and temporal patterns. Moreover we analyze the statistical distribution of focal mechanisms for each volume. Our results point to gravity-induced stresses as the source of the shallow seismicity and of a combined effect of crustal heterogeneities, regional stress and hydrothermal dynamics for the deeper seismicity. Finally we discuss possible future developments of the seismic monitoring system in the light of the past and current seismicity.
    Description: Published
    Description: S0442
    Description: 2V. Dinamiche di unrest e scenari pre-eruttivi
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Mt. Vesuvius ; seismological monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.08. Volcano seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2020-02-24
    Description: We propose a new quantitative approach for the joint interpretation of velocity and attenuation tomography images, performed through the lateral separation of scattering and intrinsic attenuation. The horizontal P-wave scattering attenuation structure below Campi Flegrei Caldera (CFC) is imaged using the autocorrelation functions (ACF) of P-wave vertical velocity fluctuations. Cluster analysis (CA) is then applied to interpret the images derived from ACF and the available P-wave total attenuation images at 2000m quantitatively. The analysis allows the separation of intrinsic and scattering attenuation on a 2-D plane, adding new geophysical constraints to the present knowledge about this volcanic area. The final result is a new, quantitative image of the past and present tectonic and volcanological state of CFC. P-wave intrinsic dissipation dominates in an area approximately located under the volcanic centre of Solfatara, as expected in a region with a large presence of fluids and gas. A north–south scattering attenuation region is mainly located below the zone of maximum uplift in the 1982–1984 bradiseismic crisis, in the sea side of the Pozzuoli bay, but also extending below Mt Nuovo. This evidence favours the interpretation in terms of a hard but fractured body, contoured by strong S-wave scatterers, corresponding to the Caldera rim: the region is possibly a section of the residual magma body, associated with the 1538 eruption of Mt Nuovo.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1304-1310
    Description: 3.1. Fisica dei terremoti
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Probability distributions ; Seismic attenuation ; Seismic tomography ; Statistical seismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.07. Tomography and anisotropy
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2020-05-25
    Description: We explore the three‐dimensional structure of the 2016–2017 Central Italy sequence using ~34,000 ML ≥ 1.5 earthquakes that occurred between August 2016 and January 2018. We applied cross‐correlation and double‐difference location methods to waveform and parametric data routinely produced at the Italian National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology. The sequence activated an 80 km long system of normal faults and near‐horizontal detachment faults through the MW 6.0 Amatrice, the MW 5.9 Visso, and the MW 6.5 Norcia mainshocks and aftershocks. The system has an average strike of N155°E and dips 38°–55° southwestward and is segmented into 15–30 km long faults individually activated by the cascade of MW ≥ 5.0 shocks. The two main normal fault segments, Mt. Vettore‐Mt. Bove to the North and Mt. della Laga to the South, are separated by an NNE‐SSW‐trending lateral ramp of the Sibillini thrust, a regional structure inherited from the previous compressional tectonic phase putting into contact diverse lithologies with different seismicity patterns. Space‐time reconstruction of the fault system supports a composite rupture scenario previously proposed for the MW 6.5 Norcia earthquake, where the rupture possibly propagated also along an oblique portion of the Sibillini thrust. This dissected set of normal fault segments is bounded at 8–10 km depth by a continuous 2 km thick seismicity layer of extensional nature slightly dipping eastward and interpreted as a shear zone. All three mainshocks in the sequence nucleated along the high‐angle planes at significant distance from the shear zone, thus complicating the interpretation of the mechanisms driving strain partitioning between these structures.
    Description: Published
    Description: e2019JB018440
    Description: 3T. Sorgente sismica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: normal fault ; shear zone ; fault segmentation ; apennines ; 04.06. Seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: One of the main issues in seismic monitoring of active volcanic areas is the accurate location of earthquake hypocenters. Volcano-tectonic seismicity is often characterized by small magnitude swarms, recorded by few seismic stations with a high picking uncertainty. Sometimes events lacks clear S-wave arrivals, due to the nature of some volcanic sources. All these features, together with the complex crustal structure of volcanoes, makes the earthquake location problem critical in such areas. One of the most important effort for improving the quality of hypocenter location is the use of realistic 3D velocity models. In the last 10 years, several scientific papers proposed 2D and 3D velocity models for Mt. Vesuvius, Campi Flegrei and the Gulf of Naples. They comes from both active seismic data (VESUVIO 94, TOMOVES 96, MAREVES 97 and SERAPIS 2001 experiments) and from local earthquake tomography. In this report we propose a global unified velocity model spanning from Ischia island to Appennine Mts. that allows us to locate earthquakes in the Neapolitan volcanic areas and in the Gulf of Naples. This model comes from a weighted averaging of 5 tomographic velocity models and a background regional model. Most of the model provides only P-wave velocities, only 2 models, obtained through local earthquake tomography at Mt. Vesuvius and Campi Flegrei also gives a S-wave velocity estimate. We show the difference between this new model and the previous 1D models adopted for routine locations at INGV-Osservatorio Vesuviano. We also relocate some events, using non-linear techniques showing differences in hypocenter position from previous locations and the improvement in final traveltime residuals and location uncertainties.
    Description: Published
    Description: 375-390
    Description: 1.4. TTC - Sorveglianza sismologica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Description: open
    Keywords: Volcano-tectonic seismicity ; 3D velocity model ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.08. Volcano seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: book chapter
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The computing techniques currently available for the seismic monitoring allow advanced analysis. However, the correct event classification remains a critical aspect for the reliability of real time automatic analysis. Among the existing methods, neural networks may be considered efficient tools for detection and discrimination, and may be integrated into intelligent systems for the automatic classification of seismic events. In this work we apply an unsupervised technique for analysis and classification of seismic signals recorded in the Mt. Vesuvius area in order to improve the automatic event detection. The examined dataset contains about 1500 records divided into four typologies of events: earthquakes, landslides, artificial explosions, and “other” (any other signals not included in the previous classes). First, the Linear Predictive Coding (LPC) and a waveform parametrization have been applied to achieve a significant and compact data encoding. Then, the clustering is obtained using a Self-Organizing Map (SOM) neural network which does not require an a-priori classification of the seismic signals, groups those with similar structures, providing a simple framework for understanding the relationships between them. The resulting SOM map is separated into different areas, each one containing the events of a defined type. This means that the SOM discriminates well the four classes of seismic signals. Moreover, the system will classify a new input pattern depending on its position on the SOM map. The proposed approach can be an efficient instrument for the real time automatic analysis of seismic data, especially in the case of possible volcanic unrest.
    Description: Published
    Description: S0446
    Description: 5V. Sorveglianza vulcanica ed emergenze
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Mt. Vesuvius ; Neural analysis ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.08. Volcano seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 11
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: We investigate in detail the crustal layering of the ‘Val di Chiana Basin’ (Northern Apennines, Tuscany, Italy) through receiver functions and seismic anisotropy with hexagonal symmetry. The teleseismic data set is recorded in correspondence of a typical foreland basin resulting by the progressive eastward retreat of a regional-scale subduction zone trapped between two continents. We study the azimuthal variations of the computed and binned receiver functions associated to a harmonic angular analysis to emphasize the presence of the dipping and the anisotropic structures. The resulting S-wave velocity model shows interesting and new results for this area that we discuss in a regional geodynamic contest contributing to the knowledge of the structure of the forearc of the subduction zone. A dipping interface (N192°E strike, 18° dip) has been revealed at about 1.5 km depth, that separates the basin sediments and flysch from the carbonates and evaporites. Moreover, we interpret the two upper-crust anisotropic layers (at about 6 and 17 km depth) as the Hercynian Phyllites and Micaschists, of the Metamorphic Tuscan Basement. At relatively shallow depths, the presence of these metamorphic rocks causes the seismic anisotropy in the upper crust. The presence of shallow anisotropic layers is a new and interesting feature, first revealed in the study area. Beneath the crust–mantle transition (Moho), located about 28 km depth, our analysis reveals a 7-km-thick anisotropic layer.
    Description: Published
    Description: 545-556
    Description: 3.3. Geodinamica e struttura dell'interno della Terra
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Seismic anisotopy ; Computational Seismology ; Wave propagation ; Subduction zone process ; Crustal structure ; Europe ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.07. Tomography and anisotropy
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 12
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: We present the first application of a time reverse location method in a volcanic setting, for a family of long-period (LP) events recorded on Mt Etna. Results are compared with locations determined using a full moment tensor grid search inversion and cross-correlation method. From 2008 June 18 to July 3, 50 broad-band seismic stations were deployed on Mt Etna, Italy, in close proximity to the summit. Two families of LP events were detected with dominant spectral peaks around 0.9 Hz. The large number of stations close to the summit allowed us to locate all events in both families using a time reversal location method. The method involves taking the seismic signal, reversing it in time, and using it as a seismic source in a numerical seismic wave simulator where the reversed signals propagate through the numerical model, interfere constructively and destructively, and focus on the original source location. The source location is the computational cell with the largest displacement magnitude at the time of maximum energy current density inside the grid. Before we located the two LP families we first applied the method to two synthetic data sets and found a good fit between the time reverse location and true synthetic location for a known velocity model. The time reverse location results of the two families show a shallow seismic region close to the summit in agreement with the locations using a moment tensor full waveform inversion method and a cross-correlation location method.
    Description: In press
    Description: (11)
    Description: 1.4. TTC - Sorveglianza sismologica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Volcano seismology ; Computational seismology ; Wave propagation ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.08. Volcano seismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.09. Waves and wave analysis
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 13
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: We present the surface wave dispersion results of the application of the ambient noise method to broad-band data recorded at 114 stations from the Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vul- canologia (INGV) national broad-band network, some stations of the Mediterranean Very Broadband Seismographic Network (MedNet) and of the Austrian Central Institute for Me- teorology and Geodynamics (ZAMG). Vertical-component ambient noise data from 2005 October to 2007 March have been cross-correlated for station-pairs to estimate fundamental mode Rayleigh wave Green’s functions. Cross-correlations are calculated in 1-hr segments, stacked over periods varying between 3 months and 1.5 yr. Rayleigh wave group dispersion curves at periods from 8 to 44 s were determined using the multiple-filter analysis technique. The study region was divided into a 0.2◦ × 0.2◦ grid to invert for group velocity distribu- tions. Checkerboard tests were first carried out, and the lateral resolution was estimated to be about 0.6◦. The resulting group velocity maps from 8 to 36 s show the significant difference of the crustal structure and good correlations with known geological and tectonic features in the study region. The Po Plain and the Southern Alps evidence lower group veloci- ties due to soft alluvial deposits, and thick terrigenous sediments. Our results also clearly showed that the Tyrrhenian Sea is characterized with much higher velocities below 8 km than the Italian peninsula and the Adriatic Sea which indicates a thin oceanic crust beneath the Tyrrhenian Sea.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1242-1252
    Description: 3.3. Geodinamica e struttura dell'interno della Terra
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Tomography ; Surface waves and free oscillations ; Crustal structure ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.07. Tomography and anisotropy
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 14
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: In the present study, we investigated the dispersion characteristics of medium-to-long period Rayleigh waves (2 s 〈 T 〈 20 s) using both singlestation techniques (multiple-filter analysis, and phase-match filter) and multichannel techniques (horizontal slowness [p] and angular frequency [~] stack, and cross-correlation) to determine the velocity structure for the Mt. Etna volcano. We applied these techniques to a dataset of teleseisms, as regional and local earthquakes recorded by two broad-band seismic arrays installed at Mt. Etna in 2002 and 2005, during two seismic surveys organized by the Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV), sezione di Napoli. The dispersion curves obtained showed phase velocities ranging from 1.5 km/s to 4.0 km/s in the frequency band 0.05 Hz to 0.45 Hz. We inverted the average phase velocity dispersion curves using a non-linear approach, to obtain a set of shear-wave velocity models with maximum resolution depths of 25 km to 30 km. Moreover, the presence of lateral velocity contrasts was checked by dividing the whole array into seven triangular sub-arrays and inverting the dispersion curves relative to each triangle.
    Description: Published
    Description: 69-78
    Description: 3.3. Geodinamica e struttura dell'interno della Terra
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Mount Etna ; Rayleigh-wave dispersion ; S-wave velocity model ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.07. Tomography and anisotropy
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 15
    Publication Date: 2022-05-04
    Description: Novel measurement technologies, additional sensors and increasing data processing capacities offer new opportunities to answer some of the currently most pressing societal and environmental questions. They also contribute to the fact that the available data volume will continue to increase. At the same time, the requirements for those providing such data rise and the needs of users to access it. The EPOS Delivery Framework aims to support this endeavour in the solid Earth domain by providing access to data, products, and services supporting multidisciplinary analyses for a wide range of users. Based on this example, we look at the most pressing issues from when data, products, and services are made accessible, to access principles, ethical issues related to its collection and use as well as with respect to their promotion. Among many peculiarities, we shed light on a common component that affects all fields equally: change. Not only will the amount and type of data, products, and services change, but so will the societal expectations and providers capabilities.
    Description: Published
    Description: DM212
    Description: 1SR TERREMOTI - Sorveglianza Sismica e Allerta Tsunami
    Description: 6SR VULCANI – Servizi e ricerca per la società
    Description: 7SR AMBIENTE – Servizi e ricerca per la società
    Description: 1IT. Reti di monitoraggio e sorveglianza
    Description: 3TM. Comunicazione
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: EPOS delivery framework ; access ; ethics ; communication ; user ; provider ; 05.09. Miscellaneous ; 05.03. Educational, History of Science, Public Issues ; 04.06. Seismology ; 04.08. Volcanology ; 05.04. Instrumentation and techniques of general interest ; 05.02. Data dissemination
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 16
    Publication Date: 2023-05-22
    Description: We discuss two competing models for explaining the ground deformation associated with normal faulting earthquake in the brittle elastic upper crust. The classic elastic rebound theory is usually applied for all tectonic settings. In normal fault earthquakes, this model would predict a horizontal stretching eventually responsible for the elastic rebound at the earthquake. However, volumes mostly subside vertically during an extensional earthquake and the collapsed ground in the hanging wall is about one order of magnitude larger than the uplifted volumes of the surrounding hanging wall and footwall. The elastic rebound model would explain this asymmetry with a high horizontal elastic compressibility of the hanging wall and footwall absorbing the coseismic push. We rather suggest that the force activating normal fault earthquakes is mostly dictated by the sliding of the hanging wall, owing gravitational potential. The much larger coseismic subsidence with respect to the uplift can be explained by the closure at depth of a diffuse network of microfractures developed during the interseismic period. Since the horizontal stretching does not exist below ~1 km of depth, with the minimum horizontal stress tensor becoming positive below that depth, the development of a normal fault can be activated only by the vertical maximum stress tensor, i.e., the lithostatic load. The common fluids expulsion at the coseismic stage requires diffuse secondary permeability in the upper crust, in agreement with the presence of a diffuse network of microfractures.
    Description: Published
    Description: SE213
    Description: 2T. Deformazione crostale attiva
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Normal fault earthquakes; Graviquakes; Lithostatic load; Coseismic deformation; Fluid expulsion ; 04.07. Tectonophysics; ; 04.06. Seismology ; Tectonics ; Structural geology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 17
    Publication Date: 2024-02-07
    Description: A catalogue of precisely located micro-seismicity is fundamental for investigating seismicity and rock physical properties in active tectonic and volcanic regions and for the definition of a ‘baseline’ seismicity, required for a safe future exploitation of georesource areas. In this study, we produce the first manually revised catalogue of micro-seismicity for Co. Donegal region (Ireland), an area of about 50K M2 of on-going deformation, aimed at localizing natural micro-seismic events occurred between 2012 and 2015. We develop a stochastic method based on a Markov chain Monte Carlo (McMC) sampling approach to compute earthquake hypocentral location parameters. Our results indicates that micro-seismicity is present with magnitudes lower than 2 (the highest magnitude is 2.8).The recorded seismicity is almost clustered along previously mapped NE-SW trending, steeply dipping faults and confined within the upper crust (focal depth less than 10 km). We also recorded anthropogenic seismicity mostly related to quarries' activity in the study area.
    Description: Published
    Description: 62-76
    Description: OST1 Alla ricerca dei Motori Geodinamici
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: 04.06. Seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 18
    Publication Date: 2024-04-08
    Description: Il progetto di ASL “Studiare i terremoti con un sismografo didattico” ha come obiettivo la sensibilizzazione degli studenti sui temi della pericolosità e del rischio sismico tramite un coinvolgimento attivo nello studio dei terremoti. I temi che riguardano la prevenzione del rischio sismico sono infatti solitamente trattati nelle scuole attraverso i canali tradizionali della divulgazione scientifica, ovvero tramite seminari e conferenze in cui gli studenti svolgono esclusivamente un ruolo passivo. Tuttavia numerosi studi sulla didattica delle materie scientifiche [Struyf et al., 2019; Anderson, 2007; Brush & Sye, 2000] evidenziano il contributo positivo delle attività pratiche nell’apprendimento delle 74 discipline STEM (Science Technology Engineering and Mathematics). Lo scopo principale di questo progetto è rendere gli studenti protagonisti di un processo cognitivo caratterizzato dall’esperienza diretta che rappresenta un modo efficace per consolidare l’apprendimento nel medio e lungo termine [Liu et al., 2011]. Il progetto si divide in due task principali: la costruzione di un sismometro orizzontale (garden gate) e la formazione di competenze informatiche e sismologiche per acquisire ed elaborare i segnali sismici. È stato concepito come progetto pilota di uno piú ampio e ambizioso per realizzare una rete sismometrica scolastica. Il progetto del sismometro, basato sull’utilizzo di piattaforme hardware e software open source, potrebbe infatti essere replicato con costi contenuti e installato in altre scuole del territorio regionale o nazionale. Il successo della sismologia in ambito scolastico è testimoniata dal diffondersi di esperienze analoghe che, negli ultimi anni, sono state condotte principalmente all’estero: ad esempio i progetti PEPP ­ Princeton Earth Physics Project (USA) [Steinberg and Phinney, 2000], EduSeis ­ The Educational Seismograph Project (Francia, Italia) [Cantore et al., 2005], O3E ­ Observation de l’Environnement à but Éducatif pour l’École (Francia) [Aufeuvre et al., 2009], SAE ­ Sismos à l’Ecole (Francia) [Courboulex et al., 2012], Seismology at School (Regno Unito) [Denton, 2008] e più recentemente AuSIS ­ The Australian Seismometers in Schools (Australia) [Balfour et al., 2014]. Queste iniziative hanno evidenziato estremo entusiasmo da parte di docenti e studenti verso il monitoraggio sismico a carattere didattico anche in territori in cui l’attività sismica è molto sporadica. La scuola che ha aderito alla proposta è il Polo Scientifico Tecnico Professionale E. Fermi – G. Giorgi di Lucca che comprende sia Liceo Scientifico che Istituti Tecnici con indirizzi di meccanica, elettronica e informatica. Questa pluralità di indirizzi ha consentito di individuare studenti con le competenze necessarie alla realizzazione del progetto. Un gruppo ristretto di alunni selezionati tra le classi V degli Istituti tecnici ha curato la messa in opera del sismometro mentre gli studenti di una intera classe IV del Liceo scientifico hanno seguito lezioni per acquisire competenze sull’analisi del segnale sismico. Il progetto ha avuto un successo parziale. Il sismometro è stato progettato e realizzato in tutte le sue componenti e la scuola ha finanziato la costruzione di due copie del prototipo. Gli strumenti sono stati presentati in occasione della Notte Europea dei Ricercatori a Lucca nel Settembre 2019. Tuttavia l’installazione dei sismometri all’interno del plesso scolastico non è stata ancora completata. Il lavoro svolto con la classe del Liceo Scientifico è stato meno produttivo. Le principali motivazioni che hanno impedito di conseguire i risultati attesi sono: la scarsa motivazione degli studenti, le difficoltà tecniche incontrate per effettuare le lezioni di informatica per l’analisi dei segnali sismici, un numero insufficiente di ore per acquisire le competenze base di programmazione. Teniamo a precisare inoltre che, nel pieno dello spirito dei progetti “Alternanza Scuola Lavoro” e come coronamento del progetto, uno degli studenti che hanno preso parte alla progettazione del sismometro è risultato vincitore di un bando di selezione e quindi assunto come collaboratore tecnico a tempo determinato presso la Sezione di Pisa dell’INGV.
    Description: Published
    Description: 73-97
    Description: OS: Terza missione
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Keywords: Percorsi formativi ; Analisi sismogrammi ; Sismologia sperimentale ; 04.06. Seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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