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  • 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques  (6)
  • Geological Society of America  (4)
  • Wiley  (2)
  • Cell Press
  • Institute of Physics
  • International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
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Keywords
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Years
  • 1
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    Quantitative analysis of X-ray microtomography images of geomaterials: Application to volcanic rocks (2011)
    Geological Society of America
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-01-27
    Description: X-ray computed microtomography is an excellent tool for the three-dimensional analysis of rock microstructure. Digital images are acquired, visualized, and processed to identify and measure several discrete features and constituents of rock samples, by means of mathematical algorithms and computational methods. In this paper, we present digital images of volcanic rocks collected with X-ray computed microtomography techniques and studied by means of a software library, called Pore3D, custom-implemented at the Elettra Synchrotron Light Laboratory of Trieste (Italy). Using the Pore3D software, we analyzed the fabrics and we quantified the characteristics of the main constituents (vesicles, crystals, and glassy matrix) of four different types of pyroclasts: frothy pumice, tube pumice, scoria, and “crystalline” scoria. We identified the distinctive features of these different types of volcanic rocks. The frothy pumices show vesicles that coalesce in isotropic aggregates, especially toward the sample interior, while the scoriae have a low porosity and an abundance of isolated vesicles. In the “crystalline” scoria sample most of the vesicle separation is due to the presence of crystals of different types, while the tube pumice shows an anisotropic distribution of vesicles and crystals at the microscale, as also observed at the scale of the hand sample. Quantitative analysis and textural information may supply an additional tool to investigate the eruptive processes and the origin of volcanic rocks.
    Description: Published
    Description: 793-804
    Description: 2.3. TTC - Laboratori di chimica e fisica delle rocce
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: X-ray tomography ; 3D imaging ; volcanic rocks ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.05. Volcanic rocks ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 2
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    The contribution of synchrotron X-ray computed microtomography to understanding volcanic processes (2010)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: A series of computer microtomography experiments are reported which were performed by using a third-generation synchrotron radiation source on volcanic rocks from various active hazardous volcanoes in Italy and other volcanic areas in the world. The applied technique allowed the internal structure of the investigated material to be accurately imaged at the micrometer scale and three-dimensional views of the investigated samples to be produced as well as three-dimensional quantitative measurements of textural features. Thegeometryof thevesicle (gas-filledvoid) network in volcanic products of both basaltic and trachytic compositions were particularly focused on, as vesicle textures are directly linked to the dynamics of volcano degassing. This investigation provided novel insights into modes of gas exsolution, transport and loss in magmas that were not recognized in previous studies using solely conventional two- dimensional imaging techniques. The results of this study are important to understanding the behaviour of volcanoes and can be combined with other geosciences disciplines to forecast their future activity.
    Description: In press
    Description: 2.3. TTC - Laboratori di chimica e fisica delle rocce
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: high-resolution three-dimensional imaging ; X-ray computed microtomography ; volcanic eruptions ; volcanic rock textures ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.05. Volcanic rocks ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 3
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    A study on the reproducibility of counting vesicles in volcanic rocks (2012)
    Geological Society of America
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Vesicle size distributions in two and three dimensions of two samples were independently measured by three different researchers to investigate whether or not such measurements are reproducible. Additionally, two different software programs were used to measure the three-dimensional vesicle size distributions: the 3D Object Counter plugin for ImageJ and Blob3D. Manual thresholding by each of the authors produced similar results for both samples using both programs; however, use of the automatic, maximum entropy technique for thresholding produced measurably different results because it did not discriminate between vesicles and plagioclase crystals in one case and between vesicles and some cracks in another. Use of asymmetric erosion and dilation processes on the images is shown to affect the vesicle size distribution, but it does not have a significant effect on the power-law exponent that describes intermediate-sized vesicles or on the vesicle number density in these samples. However, such a technique is not recommended.
    Description: Published
    Description: 70-78
    Description: 2.3. TTC - Laboratori di chimica e fisica delle rocce
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Volcanic rocks ; vesicle counting ; reproducibility ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.05. Volcanic rocks ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 4
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    Volcaniclastic flow hazard zonation in the Sub-Apennine Vesuvian area using GIS and remote sensing (2015)
    Geological Society of America
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Steep slopes mantled by pyroclastic deposits are favorable areas prone to generate hazardous volcaniclastic fl ows. In Italy, such a setting is well represented in the Campania Region, where pyroclastic deposits from the explosive activity of the Neapolitan volcanoes (Ischia, Campi Flegrei, and Somma-Vesuvius) cover the Apennine range bordering the Campanian Plain. In order to provide a useful contribution to the mitigation and prevention of these calamitous natural events, this work presents a multidisciplinary approach to improve the understanding of the volcaniclastic fl ow hazard zonation in an Apennine area of 340 km2 surrounding the Somma-Vesuvius volcano. The disruption proneness index (DPI) was calculated in order to identify the drainage basins potentially prone to generate volcaniclastic fl ows. This index is obtained by combining satellite and morphometric data in a geographic information system (GIS) environment. It is calculated for 1100 drainage basins, considering the main parameters infl uencing the slope stability (slope angle, basin shape factor, curvature, relative relief, aspect, and land cover). The land cover mapping is obtained from Landsat data and airborne high-resolution images, while the morphometric parameters are derived from a digital elevation model (DEM) with a cell size of 10 m. The result is a zonation map that classifi es the drainage basins according to different degrees of proneness to generate volcaniclastic fl ows (low, moderate, high, and very high). The drainage basins falling within high and very high classes are 66%, while 28% fall in the moderate class, and the remaining 6% fall in the low proneness class.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1419–1431
    Description: 3V. Dinamiche e scenari eruttivi
    Description: 4V. Vulcani e ambiente
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Volcaniclastic Flow, Disruption Proneness Index (DPI), Sub-Apennine Vesuvian areas, Remote Sensing, GIS ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.08. Volcanic risk ; 05. General::05.08. Risk::05.08.02. Hydrogeological risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 5
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    Continental delamination and mantle dynamics drive topography extension and fl uid discharge in the Apennines (2014)
    Geological Society of America
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The Apennines belt of Italy undergoes a northeast-trending extension at a rate of a few millimeters per year that generates moderate to large normal-faulting earthquakes. In this paper, we show that seismicity, large earthquakes, strong gas emission, and belt topography all correlate with a broad, low Vp anomaly in the uppermost mantle. We propose that a thermal/fl uid anomaly in the mantle, associated with sub-lithospheric mantle replacement after delamination of the Adria lithosphere, supports the topography of the belt and drives the extensional tectonics. The mantle anomaly is likely caused by deep fl uids coming from the dehydration of the material subducted during the Europe-Adria collision and the delamination of Adria. Beneath the belt, CO2-rich fl uids are accumulated and occasionally discharged during large normal faulting earthquakes. After the replacement of sub-lithospheric mantle, the temperature at the base of the crust increases causing crustal stretching, anatexis, and strong degassing.
    Description: Published
    Description: 715-718
    Description: 1.2. TTC - Sorveglianza geochimica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Description: 2.4. TTC - Laboratori di geochimica dei fluidi
    Description: 4.5. Studi sul degassamento naturale e sui gas petroliferi
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: mantle anomaly ; Continental delamination ; the Apennines ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.02. Hydrology::03.02.04. Measurements and monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 6
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    Long-term TIR imagery processing for spatiotemporal monitoring of surface thermal features in volcanic environment: A case study in the Campi Flegrei (Southern Italy) (2015)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Different procedures were used to analyze a comprehensive time series of nighttime thermal infrared images acquired from October 2006 to June 2013 by a permanent station at Pisciarelli (Campi Flegrei, Italy). The methodologies were aimed at the detection and quantification of possible spatiotemporal changes in the ground-surface thermal features of an area affected by diffuse degassing. Long-term infrared time series images were processed without taking into account atmospheric conditions and emissivity estimations. The data obtained were compared with the trends of independent geophysical and geochemical parameters, which suggested that long-term temporal variations of the surface maximum temperatures were governed by the dynamics of the deeper hydrothermal system. Analogously, the dynamics of the shallow hydrothermal system are likely to control the short-period thermal oscillations that overlie the long-term thermal signals. The map of the yearly rates of temperature change shows temperature increases clustered in the thermal anomalous area of the infrared images, without evidence of modifications to the extension of the anomaly or of growth of new areas with significant thermal emission. This suggests that in the present state, the heat transfer is mainly due to hot gas emission through preexisting fractures and vents. Our data indicate that the comprehensive picture of the spatiotemporal evolution of the thermal features of the hydrothermal sites obtained by long-term infrared monitoring can provide useful information toward refining physical and conceptual models, as well as improving surveillance of active volcanoes.
    Description: The TIR monitoring system was partially funded by the 2000–2006 National Operating Programme and by the Italian Civil Protection Department in the framework of the 2004–2006 agreement with the Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia.
    Description: Published
    Description: 812–826
    Description: 2V. Dinamiche di unrest e scenari pre-eruttivi
    Description: 5V. Sorveglianza vulcanica ed emergenze
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Thermal Infrared Monitoring ; Campi Flegrei ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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