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  • 1
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    Geoethics to Face Natural Risks by Improving Societal Resilience (2023)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-05-15
    Description: Risks determined by natural phenomena cannot be cancelled entirely but can be reduced by minimizing their destructive effects. At present, scientists can predict, though with a certain degree of uncertainty, the onset and the evolution over time of most natural events. Scientific progress provides societies with advanced tools and methods to defend people, such as predictive models, monitoring instruments, early warning systems, and safe building standards. Nevertheless, the defence against natural risks should consider the ethical and social aspects involved in a risk scenario: this is fundamental to help the human community recover after a disaster and support science to identify possible solutions for an acceptable living with natural phenomena. Geoethics promotes the reflection on values that should guide human interaction with the territory and the associated and interlinked individual and collective responsibilities. Geoethics discusses issues and practices in natural risk management and fosters geoeducation and risk communication as a means to improve societal resilience.
    Description: Published
    Description: 3-8
    Description: Terceira Island, Azores (Portugal)
    Description: 1TM. Formazione
    Description: 3TM. Comunicazione
    Keywords: geoethics ; natural risks ; prevention ; resilience ; geoeducation ; 05.03. Educational, History of Science, Public Issues ; 05.09. Miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: book chapter
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    PAPER (OA)
  • 2
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    The ‘Flood Resilience Rose’: A management tool to promote transformation towards flood resilience (2021)
    Blackwell Publishing Ltd | Oxford, UK
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-09-29
    Description: Coping with the growing impacts of flooding in EU countries, a paradigm shift in flood management can be observed, moving from safety‐based towards risk‐based approaches and holistic perspectives. Flood resilience is a common denominator of most of the approaches. In this article, we present the ‘Flood Resilience Rose’ (FRR), a management tool to promote harmonised action towards flood resilience in European regions and beyond. The FRR is a result of a two‐step process. First, based on scientific concepts as well as analysis of relevant policy documents, we identified three ‘levels of operation’. The first level refers to the EU Floods Directive and an extended multi‐layer safety approach, comprising the four different layers of protection, prevention, preparedness and recovery, and related measures to be taken. This level is not independent but depends both on the institutional (second level) and the wider (third level) context. Second, we used surveys, semi‐structured interviews and group discussions during workshops with experts from Belgium, Denmark, Germany, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom to validate the definitions and the FRR's practical relevance. The presented FRR is thus the result of rigorous theoretical and practical consideration and provides a tool capable to strengthen flood risk management practice.
    Description: European Regional Development Fund http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100008530
    Keywords: 551.48 ; flood defence measures ; governance and institutions ; integrated flood risk management ; resilience
    Type: map
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    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 3
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    Self‐stated recovery from flooding: Empirical results from a survey in Central Vietnam (2021)
    Blackwell Publishing Ltd | Oxford, UK
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-27
    Description: Social inequalities lead to flood resilience inequalities across social groups, a topic that requires improved documentation and understanding. The objective of this paper is to attend to these differences by investigating self‐stated flood recovery across genders in Vietnam as a conceptual replication of earlier results from Germany. This study employs a regression‐based analysis of 1,010 respondents divided between a rural coastal and an urban community in Thua Thien‐Hue province. The results highlight an important set of recovery process‐related variables. The set of relevant variables is similar across genders in terms of inclusion and influence, and includes age, social capital, internal and external support after a flood, perceived severity of previous flood impacts, and the perception of stress‐resilience. However, women were affected more heavily by flooding in terms of longer recovery times, which should be accounted for in risk management. Overall, the studied variables perform similarly in Vietnam and Germany. This study, therefore, conceptually replicates previous results suggesting that women display slightly slower recovery levels as well as that psychological variables influence recovery rates more than adverse flood impacts. This provides an indication of the results' potentially robust nature due to the different socio‐environmental contexts in Germany and Vietnam.
    Keywords: 333.7 ; flood recovery ; resilience ; societal equity ; vulnerability
    Type: article
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    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modelling Loss of Resilience in Agroecosystems: Rangelands in Botswana (2000)
    Springer
    Environmental and resource economics 16 (2000), S. 185-210 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1502
    Keywords: agroecosystems ; resilience ; technological change
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Economics
    Notes: Abstract Economists have recently begun to consider the questions raised by the ecological concept of resilience – a measure of the degree to which a system can be perturbed before it switches from one stability domain to another. At a theoretical level, it has been argued that the loss of resilience in an ecological-economic system involves a change in its long-run productive potential, but no consideration has yet been given to the empirical investigation of this. This paper discusses an econometric approach to the problem, using the example of semi-arid rangelands. The long-run productive potential of the system is regarded as an unobserved state variable, change in which is irreversible or at least only slowly reversible. It is estimated by applying the extended (nonlinear) Kalman filter. The paper illustrates the approach using data from Botswana for the period 1965–1993. The maximum likelihood estimates of the parameters associated with the loss of resilience mechanism are non-zero. They indicate a small loss of resilience event at the end of the long drought in the 1980s. However, these parameters are very imprecisely estimated and are therefore statistically insignificant. We find that the sensitivity of the system to exogenous shocks varies with fluctuations in both economic and non-economic parameters. Contrary to what is usually thought to be the case, the sensitivity of the system to exogenous shocks is only weakly affected by variations in offtake prices, but is very strongly affected by variations in the cost of herd maintenance. This suggests that offtake prices may be a weak tool for controlling the size of cattle stocks and preventing a loss of resilience. On the other hand, taxes on cattle stocks or grazing fees may be very effective.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008374222463
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Resilience in the Dynamics of Economy-Environment Systems (1998)
    Springer
    Environmental and resource economics 11 (1998), S. 503-520 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1502
    Keywords: biodiversity ; dynamics ; resilience ; stability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Economics
    Notes: Abstract The ecological concept of resilience has begun to inform analysis of change in economy-environment systems. The linkages between resilience and the stability of dynamical systems are discussed, along with its role in understanding of the evolution of such systems. Particular linkages discussed include those between resilience, biodiversity and the sustainability of alternative states. Recent developments in modelling the resilience of joint economy-environment systems suggest the advantages of analysing change in the system as a Markov process, the transition probabilities between states offering a natural measure of the resilience of the system in such states. It is argued that this ‘emergent property’ of the collaboration between ecology and economics has far-reaching implications for the way we think about, model and manage the environmental sustainability of economic development.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008255614276
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    What is a healthy ecosystem? (1999)
    Springer
    Aquatic ecology 33 (1999), S. 105-115 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5125
    Keywords: estuaries ; network analysis ; resilience ; vigor
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Rapid deterioration of the world's major ecosystems has intensified the need for effective environmental monitoring and the development of operational indicators of ecosystem health. Ecosystem health represents a desired endpoint of environmental management, but it requires adaptive, ongoing definition and assessment. We propose that a healthy ecosystem is one that is sustainable – that is, it has the ability to maintain its structure (organization) and function (vigor) over time in the face of external stress (resilience). Various methods to quantify these three ecosystem attributes (vigor, organization, and resilience) are discussed. These attributes are then folded into a comprehensive assessment of ecosystem health. A network analysis based ecosystem health assessment is developed and tested using trophic exchange networks representing several different aquatic ecosystems. Results indicate the potential of such an ecosystem health assessment for evaluating the relative health of similar ecosystems, and quantifying the effects of natural or anthropogenic stress on the health of a particular ecosystem over time.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009930313242
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of Hedging on Over-Year Reservoir Performance (1998)
    Springer
    Water resources management 12 (1998), S. 95-120 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1650
    Keywords: reliability ; resilience ; vulnerability ; reservoirhedging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: Abstract Based on a detailed Monte-Carlo simulation, the effects of hedging parameters namely, starting water availability (SWA), ending water availability (EWA) and hedging factor (HF) on reservoir storage performance indicators have been investigated within the storage-yield plane of over-year reservoirs. Also, trade-off relationships between the various storage performance indicators are developed and selection of reasonable compromising hedging policies based on performance criteria is attempted for over-year reservoirs. Regions within the storage-yield plane of over-year reservoirs where hedging would be effective are identified. This would help the reservoir managers in mitigating the severity during long stretched critical drought periods.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007936115706
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Irrigated agricultural expansion planning in developing countries: Performance vs. resilience vs. reliability (1988)
    Springer
    Water resources management 2 (1988), S. 87-102 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1650
    Keywords: Performance ; resilience ; reliability ; developing countries ; agricultural planning ; investment scheduling ; income redistribution ; trade-off
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: Abstract The conflict between performance measured in terms of economic and income redistribution objectives, resilience and reliability of irrigated agricultural expansions in developing countries is investigated via a planning framework consisting of three sequential optimization models. The first model determines the most economic planning alternatives. The second model examines, in terms of an income redistribution criterion, the social attractiveness of each plan. The third model determines resilience and operating rules of the various alternatives. The planning framework is appled for a hypothetical agricultural expansion on the order of 30 000 hectares based on data from the Nile Delta in Egypt. The trade-off between system performance, reliability and resilience is derived.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00577062
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nutrient dynamics in shallow lakes: effects of changes in loading and role of sediment-water interactions (1994)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 275-276 (1994), S. 335-348 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: nutrients ; loading ; load reduction ; lakes ; productivity ; resilience ; nutrient pools ; sinks ; limiting nutrient
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The transport and cycling of nutrients through the various pools in water, soil and sediment is controlling the long term and short term productivity of water bodies. An understanding of the size of these pools and the fluxes between them is essential for the assessment of the usefulness of management measures resulting in reduced external input and the anticipated resilience of the system towards changes in trophic character. Large pools, such as phosphorus in surficial sediments and nitrate in groundwater have a potential for prolonged stimulation of productivity. Diffuse sources, fluxes towards sinks, competition between biota and adsorbents for sparse nutrients, feedback mechanisms, non-linearities and shifts among prevailing processes are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00026724
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Societal Vulnerability to Climate Change and Variability (1999)
    Springer
    Mitigation and adaptation strategies for global change 4 (1999), S. 267-281 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1596
    Keywords: societal adaptation ; globalisation ; institutional capacity ; resilience ; uncertainty ; vulnerability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography
    Notes: Abstract Institutions in many wealthy industrialised countries are robust and their societies appear to be relatively well insulated against the impacts of climate variability, economic problems elsewhere and so on. However, many countries are not in this position, and there is a growing group of humanity which is not benefiting from the apparent global adaptive trends. Worst case scenarios reinforce the impact of this uneven distribution of adaptive capacity, both between and within countries. Nevertheless, at the broad global scale human societies are strongly adaptive and not threatened by climate change for many decades. At the local level the picture is quite different and the survival of some populations at their present locations is in doubt. In the absence of abatement, the longer term outlook is highly uncertain. Adaptation research needs to begin with an understanding of social and economic vulnerability. It requires a different approach to the traditional IPCC impacts assessment, as human behaviour, institutional capacity and culture are more important than biophysical impacts. This is consistent with the intellectual history of the IPCC which has gradually embraced an increasing range of disciplines.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009611621048
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