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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Laurie Nordic Ski Center (1998)
    Springer
    International journal of value-based management 11 (1998), S. 1-8 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8528
    Keywords: competition ; entrepreneurship ; fairness ; government subsidy ; role of government ; ski business ; tax policies
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract The proprietor of a ski lodge with Nordic ski trails faces increased competition from other private lodges that are subsidized by government agencies and from a non profit ski club, which is also subsidized by use of government owned land for which the ski club pays no rent. The proprietor must decide what she can do to meet this subsidized competition or whether she should sell her business before profitability disappears.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007760906645
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    SWAPCO Nuclear Corporation (SWAPCO) (1999)
    Springer
    International journal of value-based management 12 (1999), S. 159-180 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8528
    Keywords: business strategy ; competition ; energy ; entrepreneurship ; government and business ; international business ; nuclear fuel
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract SWAPCO is a nuclear fuel brokerage company which has managed to survive in a highly competitive niche market for fourteen years. The market is currently declining and the company must develop a strategy for survival and future growth. The case is designed to enable students to think about the effects of a rapidly changing market on a company's business and the effect of changes in the external environment on the company. It leads to discussion of market strategies, the role of government in business, the effects of competition and other external factors in the survival and growth of a business.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007701918469
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    McCarran-Ferguson Act reform: More competition or more regulation? (1991)
    Springer
    Journal of risk and uncertainty 4 (1991), S. 373-401 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0476
    Keywords: McCarran-Ferguson Act ; property-liability insurance ; property-casualty insurance ; competition ; price regulation ; insurance crisis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract The antitrust exemptions provided by the McCarran-Ferguson Act are often identified as the cause of a variety of problems that have plagued the property-liability insurance industry in the last decade. In particular, proponents of repeal of the Act suggest that it has facilitated anticompetitive behavior by insurers, which in turn contributed to the liability and auto insurance crises of the 1980s. We examine industry structure, behavior, and performance and assess possible market imperfections that may justify price regulation and special antitrust treatment. We find that the major barrier to effective competition is state rate regulation rather than anticompetitive behavior. We examine evidence on the causes of the liability and auto insurance crises and conclude that they are readily explained by changes in market conditions and regulatory constraints rather than anticompetitive behavior. While there is no need for the broad antitrust exemptions contained in the Act, there is a danger that repeal will lead to more inefficient price regulation unless reform of the Act includes restrictions on state rate regulation. We propose reform legislation that both narrows the industry's antitrust exmption and promotes competition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00056163
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Guaranteed renewability in insurance (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of risk and uncertainty 10 (1995), S. 143-156 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0476
    Keywords: uncertainty ; insurance ; renewability ; competition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract We propose a guaranteed renewability (GR) insurance in which a sequence of premiums would enable insurers to break even and would be chosen by both low- and high-risk buyers, whether or not they had suffered a loss. The premium schedule would continually decline over time, as the insurer collects more information to determine who the low-risk buyers are. The highest premiums are charged initially to protect the insurer if low-risk individuals leave for the spot market. The concluding portion of the article discusses the limitations of a GR policy in the health and environmental liability area, the most serious being instability in estimates of underlying loss trends.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01083557
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    From Decision Support to Decision Automation: A 2020 Vision (1998)
    Springer
    Marketing letters 9 (1998), S. 235-246 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-059X
    Keywords: Decision support ; automation ; competition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract The authors discuss the long-run future of decision support systems in marketing. They argue that a growing proportion of marketing decisions can not only be supported but may also be automated. From a standpoint of both efficiency (e.g., management productivity) and effectiveness (e.g., resource allocation decisions), such automation is highly desirable. The authors describe how model-based automated decision-making is likely to penetrate various marketing decision-making environments and how such models can incorporate competitive dynamics. For example, the authors foresee that close to full automation can ultimately take place for many decisions about existing products in stable markets. Partial automation could characterize decision making for new products in stable markets and existing products in unstable markets.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008047504898
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Franz Böhm and the suggestive force of the undefined (1996)
    Springer
    European journal of law and economics 3 (1996), S. 331-344 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9990
    Keywords: Franz Böhm ; Ludwing Erhard ; Walter Eucken ; Alfred Müller-Armack ; competition ; freedom ; Freiburg School ; liberalism ; market economy ; fieoliberalism ; private autonomy ; social ethics ; welfare state
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Law , Economics
    Notes: Abstract Franz Böhm is seen as a cofounder of the Freiburg School of economists and of neoliberalism. As a member of the German Bundestag his influence was strongest on the development of German competition policy. Böhm's writings are widely read and quoted. Even today they are regarded as the obligatory foundation on which economic and systems policy is built. Analysis of his opinions and comparison with other neoliberal views—for example, those of Walter Eucken and Ludwig Erhard—do, however, reveal major differences of opinion. A good number of Böhm's opinions are now practically taken for granted as being the basis of economic policy. Yet taken in the context of strict market economics, some are not in any way acceptable.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00819819
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Franz Böhm and the issue of codetermination (1996)
    Springer
    European journal of law and economics 3 (1996), S. 357-360 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9990
    Keywords: codetermination ; competition ; consumer interests ; investment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Law , Economics
    Notes: Abstract In “The Economic Codetermination Right of Workers in the Firm”, Böhm undertook the mental exercise of systematically analyzing all variants of economic systems discussed at that time, including their mixed forms, as well as codetermination at the company level and the board and industry level with all their combinations. This explains why his article extends over 230 pages. It is not feasible to closely discuss all of these variants. Instead, this article concentrates on those ideas that are still meaningful today or, in other words, on what Franz Böhm has to contribute to the question of the effects of codetermination today.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00819821
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Impact of Regulation on Innovation (1999)
    Springer
    European journal of law and economics 8 (1999), S. 199-205 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9990
    Keywords: innovation ; competition ; licensing ; system ; learning
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Law , Economics
    Notes: Abstract This paper presents two examples that indicate the breadth of the impact of regulation on innovation. That some of the impacts in those examples were not intended by the regulators is taken as evidence that a better understanding of the impact of regulation is needed. The examples can be understood within theoretical frameworks that place innovation at the centre of social and economic activity within an integrated system. It is argued that understanding that system is essential to the better appreciation of the innovation process and relevant policy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008743308935
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Competition and Innovation (1998)
    Springer
    De economist 146 (1998), S. 445-461 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9982
    Keywords: competition ; innovation ; licencing ; persistence of leadership/leapfrogging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003247828378
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Progress and the economy of nature (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of bioeconomics 1 (1999), S. 35-45 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6989
    Keywords: bioeconomics ; competition ; Malthus ; Darwin ; division of labor ; specialization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Economics
    Notes: Abstract Progress is a difficult concept, but the phenomenon itself seems to be more than just an illusion. In this paper we consider how a bioeconomic perspective can help to clarify matters, especially when we compare aspects of organic evolution to technological progress. Beginning with the influence of Malthus upon Darwin, we see how the latter's ideas differ in important respects from those of other biologists and from those of social scientists and philosophers. Consideration of biologist's views about competition and the reasons for specialization suggests ways in which matters might be clarified by a more 'entrepreneurial' view of the relationships of organisms to the natural economy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1010058122941
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Antitrust Enforcement and Non-Enforcement as a Barrier to Import in the Japanese Automobile Industry (1997)
    Springer
    Empirica 24 (1997), S. 109-135 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6911
    Keywords: Antitrust ; automobiles ; barriers to entry ; competition ; Japan
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract Foreign automobile manufacturers long have found it difficult to compete in the Japanese automobile market. For decades, governmentally imposed restraints prevented foreign manufacturers from gaining a foothold in the Japanese market. In recent decades, these governmental restrictions have been replaced by private restraints which create equally formidable barriers to entry. Many private restraints persist despite repeated informal investigations and administrative guidance by the Japan Fair trade Commission (JFTC). The endurance of these private restraints raises the question of what mechanisms may be available to make the Japanese automobile market more contestable. While vigorous and transparent enforcement of Japan's Antimonopoly Law by the JFTC is the preferred mechanism, other mechanisms for alleviating these private restraints include the extraterritorial enforcement of U.S. antitrust laws by U.S. antitrust enforcement authorities, mediation by the OECD or the enforcement of an international competition code in an international forum.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006849622180
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Why did UK manufacturing profitability rise over the 1980s? (1993)
    Springer
    Empirica 20 (1993), S. 51-67 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6911
    Keywords: Profitability ; competition ; unions ; J51 ; L11 ; L60
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract Profitability in UK manufacturing collapsed in the early 1980s, but then recovered to 1970s levels. To account for the changes in profits we propose a series of extensions of the widely-used Cowling and Waterson (1976) model. Our extensions incorporate demand shocks, varying competition and collusion, and the role of unions. The resulting model encompasses Cowling/Waterson, the Kreps and Scheinkman (1983) varying competition model and the Green and Porter (1984) and Rotemberg and Saloner (1986) varying collusion models. Using a panel of 53 UK industries, 1973–1986 we estimate the encompassing model by generalised methods of moments/instrumental variables. Our major findings are: (a) there is no substantial contribution to changes in aggregate profitability from the batting average effect of movements between sectors; (b) the collapse of profits in the early 1980s was mainly driven by the collapse in demand; (c) the fall in union density in the 1980s has increased profitability despite a fall in concentration. We also find tentative evidence suggesting that collusion is pro-cyclical as in Green and Porter (1984).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01384140
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A note on price cap regulation and competition (1996)
    Springer
    Review of industrial organization 11 (1996), S. 459-471 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7160
    Keywords: Regulation ; incentives ; price caps ; competition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract This paper examines the properties of a price-cap regulatory regime similar in design to a plan recently proposed by AGT Ltd. in hearings on Alternative Forms of Regulation before the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission. The price-cap plan incorporates a number of novel features which include (i) quantity weights that evolve through time rather than remaining fixed; (ii) adjustments for productivity that incorporate yardstick competition; and (iii) allowing the weights to reflect the firm's market power or absence thereof in the presence of competition. Hence, should competitive circumstances permit, the regulatory regime allows for its own sunset.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00157773
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Competition in Grocery Retailing: The Impact of a New Strategic Group on BLS Price Increases (1998)
    Springer
    Review of industrial organization 13 (1998), S. 381-399 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7160
    Keywords: grocery retailing ; competition ; concentration ; strategic groups ; price changes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract Metropolitan areas with a significant presence of warehouse stores had lower retail food price increases during 1977 to 1992 than did areas with no warehouse stores. The negative impact occurred largely during the first half of the 15-year period. Strategic learning appears to have led to a different response from incumbent supermarkets during 1985–1992. Change in prices was positively related to change in concentration and negatively related to entry.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007748610511
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Regulation and the Development of Competition in the U.K. Gas Supply Industry (1999)
    Springer
    Review of industrial organization 15 (1999), S. 135-147 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7160
    Keywords: Regulation ; competition ; gas supply
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract When the U.K. gas supply industry was privatised, it retained its monopoly vertically integrated structure. We discuss the forces which led to the deregulation of the U.K. gas supply industry. Important factors in the process include a number of critical reports by the regulatory authorities, the growth of alternative gas supplies including the development of the spot-market, and the success of independents in gaining market share in markets opened up to competition. We also present surveys of gas users and independent gas suppliers and find that price advantage has been the critical factor in the increase in market share gained by the independent gas suppliers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007701025984
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Do Large, Diversified Banking Organizations Have Competitive Advantages? (2000)
    Springer
    Review of industrial organization 16 (2000), S. 287-302 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7160
    Keywords: Banking ; antitrust ; market share ; market structure ; competition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract The issue of whether large, geographically diversifiedbanking organizations (LDBs) have net competitiveadvantages, over smaller banks, that benefit retailcustomers in individual local markets has importantimplications for antitrust policy and the viability ofsmaller banks. If LDBs possess net advantages, thenlarge banks may be considered an extra-competitiveforce in the antitrust analysis of proposed bankmergers and the future viability of small banks mightbe doubtful. The results of this paper, however, donot support the view that LDBs have net competitiveadvantages. LDBs generally had difficultymaintaining, much less increasing, their depositshares from 1990 to 1996 in markets in which they madeno acquisitions. The analysis also indicates thatmarket share changes experienced by LDBs vary with anumber of LDB and market characteristics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007805424725
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
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    How did the wealthiest Britons get so rich? (1991)
    Springer
    Review of industrial organization 6 (1991), S. 19-32 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7160
    Keywords: wealth ; competition ; monopoly
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract The source of 200 of the greatest fortunes in Great Britain in 1988 is examined using data published in Money magazine. The 200 fortunes originated in 74 different industries, the most common being land-holding (n=33) and real estate trading and development (n=15). Sixty-two of the industries were judged to be competitive at the time the fortunes orginated, 12 non-competitive. Three-quarters of the fortunes originated in what were essentially competitive industries. Possible explanations include infra-marginal rents due to business acumen or ownership of scarce essential resources, short-run disequilibrium profits, the returns to innovation, luck (or observations of the very fortunate investors who played the business uncertainty lottery), or classification errors. In any case, we learn that monopoly is not the exclusive (or even most common) source of vast fortunes in Great Britain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00427998
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
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    Competition and structural change in Eastern Europe (1991)
    Springer
    Review of industrial organization 6 (1991), S. 189-198 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7160
    Keywords: Eastern Europe ; competition ; economic reform
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract Widely publicized reform programs for East Europe which emphasize rapid privatization are questioned on the grounds that structural changes to assure workable competition take precedence and will take years. A mix of deconcentrated state, cooperative, worker-owned, private, and foreignowned business can be workable. Import competition and antitrust legislation have auxiliary roles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00378121
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Industrial structures components of finance theory's CAPM (1992)
    Springer
    Review of industrial organization 7 (1992), S. 361-373 
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    ISSN: 1573-7160
    Keywords: CAPM ; beta ; competition ; industrial structure ; cycles
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract A microeconomic pricing model is developed which explains the effects of industrial structures on profit margin and equity beta values. The model is placed into special use by illustrating what may appear to be contradictions in the stock prices and betas of specific companies, differences which are explained however by the theory that supports our model. The industrial organization theory established in the paper would therefore extend Finance Theory's Capital Asset Pricing Model. Many testable propositions which could disconfirm or fail to disconfirm certain facets of, if not the paper's basic theory, are set forth descriptively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00353402
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Concentration-price relations in regional fed cattle markets (1995)
    Springer
    Review of industrial organization 10 (1995), S. 1-19 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7160
    Keywords: Beef packers ; competition ; concentration-price ; market power ; market structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract Since 1977, the U.S. beef packing industry has been restructured at a pace unprecedented in large American industries. By 1987, four packers slaughtered over two-thirds of all steers and heifers. In the thirteen regional feedlot-packer markets studied here, the four leading packers slaughtered 85 percent of fed cattle, on average. The impact of packer concentration on fed cattle prices during 1971–86 was examined using several econometric models. The results generally support the hypothesis that packer concentration was negatively related to live cattle prices. Cattle prices were estimated to be about 3 percent less in the most concentrated region compared to the least concentrated region. There was evidence of a critical concentration of CR4=60 in regional livestock markets.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01024255
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
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    The degree of competition in the advertising industry (1995)
    Springer
    Review of industrial organization 10 (1995), S. 41-52 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7160
    Keywords: Advertising agencies ; advertising ; competition ; market power
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract After a merger wave began among advertising agencies in the late 1960's, the Federal Trade Commission investigated the anticompetitive effects of the mergers and concluded that the industry would remain competitive. In this paper, we employ a method suggested by Bresnahan to investigate the issue of competition in the advertising industry. The method uses industry-level data over the period 1972–87 to consider the determinants of supply and demand for advertising messages and to calculate the degree of market power on the supply side of the market. Statistical results support the hypothesis that the industry was competitive over this period.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01024258
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
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    Competition vs. monopoly in Greek large-scale manufacturing industries (1995)
    Springer
    Review of industrial organization 10 (1995), S. 613-633 
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    ISSN: 1573-7160
    Keywords: Profitability ; accumulation ; competition ; monopoly ; convergence ; risk ; entry barriers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract The purpose of this paper is to examine the factors that affect the process of capital accumulation in large-scale Greek manufacturing industries for the period 1963–1989, and at the same time to test whether or not the structure of Greek manufacturing is competitive. The empirical results lend support to the classical and neoclassical economic theories that in the long run capital tends to flow from the less profitable to more profitable industries resulting in a tendential equalization of the rate of profit and the rate of capital accumulation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01026886
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  • 23
    Electronic Resource
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    Market Share Inequality, the Number of Competitors, and the HHI: An Examination of Bank Pricing (1997)
    Springer
    Review of industrial organization 12 (1997), S. 23-35 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7160
    Keywords: Banking ; competition ; antitrust
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract This paper seeks to determine whether the Herfindahl--Hirschman index (HHI) adequately accounts for the roles of market share inequality and the number of competitors in explaining bank deposit and loan rates. This is been done by estimating deposit-rate and loan-rate equations in which the HHI is decomposed into components that reflect share inequality and number of competitors and, alternatively, by adding measures of share inequality and the number of competitors as additional explanatory variables. Results are inconclusive in the case of deposit rates but suggest that the HHI does not give sufficient weight to the number of competitors in explaining loan rates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007744119377
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  • 24
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    Market Power, Industrial Concentration and Innovative Activity (1999)
    Springer
    Review of industrial organization 15 (1999), S. 367-378 
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    ISSN: 1573-7160
    Keywords: Innovation ; R & D ; industrial concentration ; market structure ; competition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract This paper discusses the paradox between the positive effect of industrial concentration on R & D spending, and its non-positive effect on the number of innovations. Also, I analyze whether concentration has different effects on small- and large-firm R & D. The analysis shows that the positive effect of industrial concentration on R & D spending is at least as strong for small firms as it is for large firms within an industry, which indicates that the possession of market power is not in itself conducive to innovative effort. In addition, high concentration appears to be attended with a loss of efficiency in R & D spending.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007727815408
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  • 25
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    Antitrust, the Rule of Reason, and Democracy (1999)
    Springer
    Review of industrial organization 14 (1999), S. 115-122 
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    ISSN: 1573-7160
    Keywords: Antitrust ; competition ; anarchist ; efficiency
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract Professor Barnes responds to William Curran's fictional dialogue between Senator John Sherman and philosopher John Rawls, with a fictional letter from Supreme Court Justice William O. Douglas. Professor Barnes discusses the importance of the anarcho-socialist movement of the late nineteenth century to the adoption of the Sherman Act, the historical and logical inevitability of adoption of a rule of reason in antitrust law, the relevance of efficiency to the rule of reason, and the relationship between competition and the promotion of democratic ideals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007789816578
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  • 26
    Electronic Resource
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    Toward measuring monopoly power (1996)
    Springer
    Review of industrial organization 11 (1996), S. 125-133 
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    ISSN: 1573-7160
    Keywords: Monopoly power ; competition ; market structure ; econometrics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract Some implications of Hyde and Perloff's paper on whether monopoly power can be measured are considered. It is concluded that measuring monopoly power requires a long-run view, with a focus on the implications of product differentiation, and a reliance on accounting data.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00163603
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  • 27
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    Twenty years of modern antitrust in Australia: She'll be right, mate (1994)
    Springer
    Review of industrial organization 9 (1994), S. 459-473 
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    ISSN: 1573-7160
    Keywords: Australian antitrust ; antitrust history ; Hilmer report ; enforcement ; competition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01029973
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  • 28
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    The NCAA Cartel and Competitive Balance in College Football (1998)
    Springer
    Review of industrial organization 13 (1998), S. 347-369 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7160
    Keywords: Cartel ; NCAA ; football ; competition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract The NCAA regulates college football player recruiting, eligibility, and compensation. The economic theory of cartels suggests that one consequence may be reduced competitive balance. The enforced restrictions inhibit weak teams from improving, and protect strong teams from competition. A “stratification” is implied which should be evident over time as less “churning” in national rankings and conference standings, and fewer schools achieving national prominence. I test this general hypothesis by comparing various competitive balance measures for about 25 years before and after NCAA enforcement began in 1952. The hypothesis is supported by all measures at both the national and conference levels.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007713802480
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    Reforming Social Insurance in The Netherlands (2000)
    Springer
    International tax and public finance 7 (2000), S. 345-368 
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    ISSN: 1573-6970
    Keywords: social insurance ; the Netherlands ; privatization ; competition ; sickness insurance ; disability insurance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract This paper discusses recent reforms of social insurance in the Netherlands. It describes how a serious economic crisis in the beginning of the 1980s set the stage for the subsequent reform process. The most fundamental reforms were introduced in the areas of sickness insurance, which was privatized, and disability insurance, which now involves experience rating. After exploring various challenges affecting the future of social protection, the paper discusses various remaining policy options.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008745625848
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    Perceiving competitive reactions: The value of accuracy (and paranoia) (1996)
    Springer
    Marketing letters 7 (1996), S. 115-129 
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    ISSN: 1573-059X
    Keywords: competition ; decision making ; strategy ; perception ; accuracy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract An assumption of much of the literature in marketing strategy is that a firm accurately knows the nature of its interaction with competitors. This study examines this assumption and explores the relationship between firm performance and accuracy in perception. Teams in the Markstrat2 simulation game reported their reactions to competitors, while simultaneously indicating their perceptions of whether competitors had reacted to their decisions in the past. Teams were in general inaccurate in identifying competitive reactions. Further, missing a competitive reaction (not perceiving a competitor's stated reaction) significantly reduced a team's performance. The data suggest that teams may benefit from being paranoid about their competitors; late in the game, the more competitive reactions a team perceived to its moves, the better the firm performed, regardless of accuracy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00434904
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    In Search of Instruments. Business and Ethics Halfway (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of business ethics 27 (2000), S. 3-8 
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    ISSN: 1573-0697
    Keywords: business law ; codes of ethics ; competition ; ethical auditing and accounting ; institutional business ethics ; stakeholdership
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Philosophy , Economics
    Notes: Abstract Business ethics has gradually acquired a stable status, both as an academic discipline and as a practice. Stakeholdership is recognised as a guiding concept, business has widely accepted that it has a license to operate to win from society at large, and operational instruments such as codes of ethics and forms of ethical auditing and accounting take shape more and more. Yet lacunae remain. Three are mentioned explicitly. Business ethics has to improve its relations with business law, the concept of competition deserves much more ethical attention than it has received up to now, and the shifting relations between the market, governmental agencies and civil society require the elaboration of an institutional business ethics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006431224054
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    Integrating Ethical Issues with Managerial Decision Making in the Classroom: Product Support Program Decisions (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of business ethics 18 (1999), S. 255-266 
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    ISSN: 1573-0697
    Keywords: competition ; ethics ; experiment ; product support program ; profit levels
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Philosophy , Economics
    Notes: Abstract Literature on the teaching of ethics points to the need for realistic business problems in which students deal with ethical dilemmas. This paper presents the results of an experiment in which students take on the role of a Brand Manager who must decide on the level of support to allocate to four distinct business problems. The problems were presented as business problems including realistic profit and cost considerations, rather than being posed as "ethics cases". Students were able to select from a range of product support levels for each problem. The experiment isolated the factor effects which included level of realism, degree of competition, company situation in terms of fault and profit level, and problem type relative to damage and visibility. Company fault was the most important factor in determining the level of product support allocations. Allocations generally increased when there was an increase in profit level from low to medium. However, there was no additional increase in allocations above the medium profit level. The paper concludes with suggestions on how the results can be used as a springboard for discussion of the integration of ethical considerations in managerial decision making.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005871423821
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    Pharmaceutical Advertisements: How They Deceive Patients (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of business ethics 18 (1999), S. 359-366 
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    ISSN: 1573-0697
    Keywords: advertisements ; behavioral ; competition ; consumerism ; information source ; nonprescription ; prescription
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Philosophy , Economics
    Notes: Abstract Pharmaceutical advertising is one of the most important kinds of advertising that can have a direct impact on the health of a consumer. Hence, this necessitates the fact that it is essential for advertisers of such products to take special care and additional responsibility when devising the promotional strategies of these products. In reality, it has been observed that pharmaceutical product advertisers often promoted their products to achieve their own goals at the potential risk of having an adverse effect on the consumerÕs health. This type of advertising is most often seen in over-the-counter drug product advertisements, and not as often in the case of prescription drug advertisements, which is relatively new. This article analyzes various purposes of advertising pharmaceutical products and also the potential problems that arise from the way pharmaceutical products have quite frequently been promoted.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005924412406
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    Regulatory Distortions in a Competitive Financial Services Industry (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of financial services research 16 (1999), S. 249-259 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0735
    Keywords: banking ; competition ; regulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract This paper focusses on the interaction between regulation and competition in a simple industrial organization model. We analyze how regulation affects the profitability of financial institutions. We find that information asymmetries impose a heavy regulatory burden on the higher-quality banks, highlighting the importance of fine-tuning regulation. Our other main results point at the importance of a level playing field.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008148627159
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    Does the Presence of Big Banks Influence Competition in Local Markets? (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of financial services research 15 (1999), S. 159-177 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0735
    Keywords: banking ; competition ; antitrust
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract This paper examines whether the biggest organizations in the banking industry influence competition differently than their smaller rivals. Big bank financial strength, multimarket links, diversified operations, status as “too big to fail,” economies of scale and scope, and in some cases, weak incentives to be aggressive may result in big banks affecting competition in a given local market differently than would be suggested by market shares and other structural measures. Understanding the influence of big banks on competition has important implications for antitrust policy toward bank mergers. Empirical results reveal that, in rural markets where big banks operate, competition may be reduced, thereby enabling all banks in those markets to earn greater returns. The presence of a big bank is associated with an approximately 0.09 percentage point effect on a bank's return on assets, which represents about a 7.7% performance advantage for firms that face big banks over firms that do not. The relationship between big banks and profitability holds only when banks are classified as big if they are both very large and regionally prominent. The presence of banks that possess only one of these characteristics does not appear to substantially influence competition. Finally, no clear and consistent patterns of variation are found in the relationship between the profitability of small banks and the presence of big banks. The number of big banks, the market shares of big banks, and the level of concentration in markets with big banks do not strongly influence the relationship.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008165132438
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    Bioeconomics of some nonhuman and human societies: new institutional economics approach (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of bioeconomics 1 (1999), S. 95-113 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6989
    Keywords: code of ethics ; competition ; cooperation ; culture ; exchange ; ethnically homogeneous middleman group ; free-rider ; identity ; kinship distance ; meme ; norms ; peacock's tail ; reciprocity ; reputation ; rules of the game ; transaction costs ; trustworthiness
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Economics
    Notes: Abstract New institutional economics (NIE) has been very successful in explaining the role of institutions such as the firm, money, and contract law in facilitating production and exchange in human societies. In this paper, I will show that the NIE approach, which so far has been used by economists to analyze institutions and organizations in human society, including the ethnically homogeneous middleman groups, can also be extended to explain the high degree of cooperation and coordination of activities of honeybees, ants, and schooling fish. In addition, the paper emphasize the importance of identity in nonhuman and human societies in eliciting cooperation and in detecting cheaters or fakers. This paper thus contribute to the integration/consilience of economics and biology by providing a more unified view of aspects of the bioeconomics of nonhuman and human societies.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1010018409737
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